Indice

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 –INTRODUCTION TO SAP 2
SAP Brief History 2
mySAP.com 3
SAP R/3 4
Release Planning and Maintenance Strategy 4
SAP R/3 Enterprise 4
SAP Web Application Server 5
The three-layer architecture of R/3 5
The Database Layer 5
The Application Layer 6
The Presentation Layer 6
Little-Known Fact … 6
SAP on the Windows Platform 7
Why SAP on the Windows platform? 7
SQL Server Licensing 8
Windows 2000 Products 8
System Landscape 9
Little-Known Facts … 9
Work Processes 11
Important Profile Parameters 11
Types of Work Processes 11
SAPGUI and EnjoySAP 13
Working with SAPGUI 13
Look and Feel Changes 14
Starting and Stopping SAP 14
Starting SAP 14
Stopping SAP 15
Starting and Stopping SAP through scripts 16
Starting and Stopping an Instance within R/3 21
CHAPTER 2 –THE BASIS ADMIN 24
Good Practices 24
DO’s and DON’T’s 24
Responsibilities 25
Summary 26
CHAPTER 3 –SAP INSTALLATION 28
Configuration Planning 28
Standard SAP installation (most common) 28
MSCS SAP installation: 28
Hardware and Software Requirements 29

SAP Mini Basis System 29
System Naming Convention 30
Host Names of R/3 Servers 30
Host Names under Windows 2000 30
Installation Phases 31
Phase I: Operating System Installation 31
NTFS 4.0 vs. NTFS 5.0 31
Overcoming the 4GB Paging File Size Limit 32
Software requirements 33
Strongly recommended 33
Phase II: Database Installation 33
Pre-installation Preparation 33
RDBMS: SQL Server 7.0 34
RDBMS: SQL 8.0 or SQL 2000 Enterprise Edition for R/3 4.6C SR2 34
Unattended Setup 34
Attended setup 35
Strongly recommended 35
Phase III: SAP Installation 36
Before starting R3setup 36
Common R/3 Setup 37
SAP R/3 Central & Database Installation 37
Phase IV: Post Installation 38
Services: Automatic or Manual? 38
Setting up Custom Environment Variables 39
Post-installation steps 39
Other R/3 Setups 46
Installing a Dialog Instance for an R/3 4.6Csr2 System 46
Installing a Central Instance 47
Relocating a Server 48
Moving to a new domain controller 48
Moving to a Stand-Alone Server 49
Relocating USRSAP 49
What is New After the R/3 Installation 50
SAPGUI installation 51
Hardware/Software Requirements 52
Local Installation of SAPGUI for Win32 Platforms 52
SAPGUI Installation of a Server 52
File Copy (Phase 1) 53
Configuration (Phase 2) 53
Further configuration 54
Network Installation of SAPGUI for Win32 Platforms 54
SAPGUI for Java Installation 55
SAP logging process 56
SAPLogon for Win32 56
SAPLogon for Java 56
Using Shortcuts to Logon to SAP 57
SAPGUI for Win32 Shortcuts 57
Saving Passwords in Shortcuts 57
SAPGUI for Java Shortcuts 57

Logging on to SAP 58
The Low Speed Connection Flag 58
SAPGUI Tips 60
SAP R/3 Online documentation (help files) 62
PlainHTMLhttp 62
PlainHTMLfile 62
HTMLHelpFile 62
Troubleshooting Online Help Access 62
SAP License Maintenance 63
Installing an SAP License 63
Hardware (customer) key 64
License key 64
Deleting an SAP License 64
Testing an SAP License 65
Removing SAP from a Server 65
Manually 65
Running Uninstall 66
Removing SQL Server from a Server 66
Removing SAPGUI for Win32 66
Removing SAPGUI for Java 67
Relocating the SAP Directories (usrsap) 67
Before relocating the directories 67
Common SAP R/3 Setup problems 68
How To’s 69
Import a New Language 69
Configure the LDAP Connector 70
Phase 1 –Active Directory Configuration for SAP 70
Phase 2 –LDAP Configuration within SAP 70
Add/Change text to the SAPGUI logon screen 71
Changing the default background in R/3 4.6x 72
Configure SAP Secure Single Sign-On 73
Phase 1 –Configure the Application Server 73
Phase 2 –Configure SAPGUI and SAPLogon 74
Phase 3 –Map SAP user accounts to Windows network accounts 74
Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On 75
Phase 1 –Configure the Application Server 75
Phase 2 –Configure SAPGUI and SAPLogon 76
Phase 3 –Map SAP user accounts to Windows 2000 network accounts 76
CHAPTER 4 –SYSTEM PROFILES 80

Maintaining System Profiles 80
The Default profile 80
The Instance Profile 80
The Start Profile 81
R/3 Profile Maintenance 81
Maintenance Options 82
Adding new parameters 82
SAP Directories 83
Adding a new SAP Directory 84
Tools to check parameters 85
Transaction RZ11 85
RSPARAM or RSPARAM1 85
RSPFPAR 85
SAPPFPAR 85
CHAPTER 5 –OPERATION MODES 90
Maintaining Operating Modes 90
Maintaining a Time Table 91
Switching to an Operation Mode 91
CHAPTER 6 –MANAGING CLIENTS 94
What is a client? 94
SAP pre-delivered clients 94
What is a logical system? 95
What types of clients exist? 95
Client Settings 95
Change Options 95
Protection Levels 96
Restrictions 96
Creating a client 98
Copying a client 99
Local Client Copy (SCCL) 101
Remote Client Copy (SCC9) 101
Client Export (SCC8) 102
Importing a Client 103
Monitoring a Client Import 104
Client Import Post-processing (SCC7) 104
Client copy with the help of a transport request (SCC1) 105
Deleting a Client 105
From within SAP 105
Through the command line at the OS level 106
Comparing Clients 106

CHAPTER 7 –MANAGING TRANSPORTS 108
What is a Transport or Change Request? 108
Who is involved during a transport 109
Logistics 109
Configuring the Transport Domain Controller 110
Adding a System to TMS 111
Creating a Virtual System 112
Transport Routes 112
Setting Up Transport Routes 112
Manually creating consolidation and delivery transport routes 113
Adding a new system to a transport route 113
Deleting a TMS configuration 114
Directory Tree in a Transport Domain Controller 114
The TP command 117
Using Unconditional Modes with TP 118
TP Return Codes 118
Cleaning up the Transport Directory with TP 118
Removing the files created after a client export/import 122
The R3Trans command 122
Releasing a Transport 123
Importing a transport 125
Information you need before importing a transport 125
Information you should record after the import 125
How to import a transport 125
To import a transport using TP 125
To import a transport using STMS 126
Client-dependent transport example 127
Client-independent transport example 128
Common TMS Problems 129
Transport Organizer 130
Change Request Documentation 131
Displaying transport logs at logon 131
Table logging in R/3 131
Managing Released and Imported Transports through Scripts 132
CHAPTER 8 –USER ADMINISTRATION 142
Type of Users 142
Special R/3 Users 143
External R/3 Users 143
Account Passwords 144
Table USR40 –Table for illegal passwords 144
Company Address Maintenance 144
User Maintenance 145
Working with SU01 –User Maintenance 145
Creating a User 145

Deleting a User 146
Copying a User 146
Locking/Unlocking a User 146
Little Known Facts … 147
Changing a Password 147
Displaying a User 147
User Mass Changes 147
Central User Administration (CUA) 147
Setting up CUA 147
Maintaining Users using CUA 150
Transferring Existing Users into CUA 150
Analyzing CUA Logs 150
CUA Field Selection 150
Important System Profile Parameters 151
Roles or Activity Groups 151
The Profile Generator 152
Creating a New Role 152
Maintaining a Role 153
Transporting a Role 153
Deleting a Role 154
Creating a COMPANY_ALL role 154
Adding a New Activity to a Specific Authorization Object 156
Setting an Initial Menu 158
Adjusting User Authorizations 158
Troubleshooting Authorization Problems 158
Tracing Authorizations 158
Finding Overlapping Transactions 159
Authorization Reports 161
SUIM –Information System 161
Infosystem Reports 161
Auditing 172
SM20 –Security Audit Log Assessment 173
SM19 –Security Audit Configuration 173
System Measurement 173
Maintaining System Settings 174
Classifying Users 174
Performing the System Measurement 174
Bonus 174
CHAPTER 9 –ESSENTIAL ADMIN 186
Database Administration and Monitoring 186
Database Backups 186
How to do Database Backups 187
How to do Transaction Log Backups 187

How to Create a Dump Device 187
Offline Backups 190
Checking Database Backups 190
DB12 –Overview of Backup Logs 191
Querying MSDB 191
Database Restores 193
Restoring from Transaction Log Backups 194
Database Checks 195
DBCC CheckDB 195
DBCC CheckCatalog 195
DB02 –Analyze tables and indexes 197
DBCC DBreindex 197
DBCC ShowContig 198
DB01 –Analyze exclusive lockwaits 198
Backups to Tape 198
Altering Databases 198
Shrinking a Database or Transaction Log File 198
Remove a Transaction Log File 199
ST04 –Select DB activities 199
Database Logins and Processes 203
sp_who3 203
Current Database Logins 204
More about Database Administration 205
System Administration and Monitoring 205
Reading the SAP System Log 205
Using the Expert Mode 206
Monitoring Work Processes 206
SM51 –List of SAP Servers 208
DPMON 208
Windows Task Manager 209
Monitoring Users Activity 209
Reading SM04 209
AL08 –Current Active Users 210
Displaying Local Transaction Statistics 210
Managing Locks 210
SM12 –Display and Delete Locks 210
Why locks occur 210
Reading SM12 211
Important System Profile Parameters for Locks 212
Managing Update Records 212
SM13 –Display Update Records 212
Troubleshooting 212
rdisp/vb_delete_after_execution 213
Managing Batch Input 213

SM35 –Batch Input Monitoring 213
Correcting sessions 214
Special Batch Input Transactions 214
Locking and Unlocking Sessions 214
Report RSBDCREO 214
Troubleshooting 214
Analyzing ABAP Dumps 214
The Overview Button 214
Managing Background Jobs 216
Permissions to submit background jobs 217
Creating/Maintaining Background Jobs 218
Job Creation Sample 219
Maintaining background jobs 221
Jobs EU_INIT, EU_REORG and EU_PUT 222
SMX –Status of Own Background Jobs 223
SM39 –Job Analysis in R/3 4.5 224
Working with External Commands 224
SM49/SM69 External OS Commands 224
More Administration and Monitoring 224
ST02 –Tune Buffers 224
Zero Administration Memory Management 225
ST03 –Performance, SAP Statistics, Workload 226
AL12 –Display table buffer 227
ST06/OS06 –Operating System Monitor 227
More OS Info Through Scripts 228
Windows Event Viewer 231
ST07 –Application Monitor 231
Displaying Response Times 231
OS01 –LAN check with ping 232
RZ20/RZ21 –CCMS Monitoring 232
SM59 –Display/Maintain RFC Destinations 232
Performance Monitoring at the OS Level 233
Working Outside SAP 233
Useful NET Commands 233
Sending Messages to Users 234
SM02 –System Messages 234
Printing/Spool Administration 236
SPAD –Spool Administration 236
Spool Server 236
Creating printers in R/3 238
Transporting Printers 239

FrontEnd Printing 240
Creating a New Print Format 243
Monitoring Spool Requests 244
rspo/auth/pagelimit 245
TemSe Administration 246
rspo/store_location 246
Remote Administration 248
SAP System Management Console 248
Installing the SAPMMC 248
Adding SAP Instances to the SAPMMC 250
SAPINFO.exe 250
SQL Server Enterprise Manager 253
SCLIST.exe / NETSVC.exe 254
Other Transactions 257
SARP / SERP –Reporting 257
SE86 –ABAP Repository Information System 257
SGEN –SAP Load Generator 258
What to do in case of a problem? 258
CHAPTER 10 –INTRODUCTION TO ARCHIVING 260
Whose Job is it to Archive? 260
Archiving Process 260
Archiving Objects 261
Archiving Actions and Jobs 262
Logical File Path 262
Authorization Check 264
Data Retention Tool -DART 264
DART's functions 264
Configuring and Using DART 265
Process for Archiving Customers –FI_ACCRECV 265
Preparation –to do list 265
Flagging (marking) a Customer for Deletion 265
Defining a Logical File Path 266
Changing File Path for Archiving Object 266
Archiving 266
Deleting Archived Data 267
Process for Archiving Vendors –FI_ACCPAYB 267
Preparation –to do list 267
Flagging (marking) a Vendor for Deletion 267
Defining a Logical File Path 267
Changing File Path for Archiving Object 268
Archiving 268
Process for Restoring Archived Data 269

CHAPTER 11 –FROM PATCHES TO UPGRADES 272
Where to get patches 272
Using SAPCAR and CAR 273
SPAM/SAINT Updates 276
Transaction SPAM –Support Package Manager 276
SPAM Settings 276
Looking at the Logs 276
Loading Support Packages into the EPSIn directory 276
Transaction SAINT 278
SAP Note Fixes 278
Note Assistant (Add-on) 279
Installing the Note Assistant 279
Using transaction SNOTE 280
Registering SAP Notes that were Implemented Manually 281
Support Package Manager (SPAM Update) 281
Applying a SPAM update 281
Little Known Fact … 282
Kernel Patches 282
Determining the kernel patch level in a system 282
Copying and installing a kernel patch 282
Support Packages 283
Things to do to implement support packages successfully 283
Applying Support Packages 284
Importing Support Packages –Behind the Scenes 285
Resetting a Patch Queue 286
APO Patches 286
Basis Patches 286
Basis FCS 286
BBP/CRM Patches 286
BW Patches 286
R/3 HR Patches 287
R/3 Patches 287
Conflict Resolution Transports (CRTs) 287
Add-on Patches 287
Upgrades 290
Upgrading to Windows 2000 290
Upgrading to R/3 4.0B or 4.5B under Windows 2000 291
Upgrading an R/3 Release 291
Upgrade Strategies 291
Upgrade Tasks 292
Perform post-upgrade activities 294
CHAPTER 12 –DATABASE SYSTEM COPY 296
Database System Copy Summary Table 298
Preparation 298

In the Source System 299
In the Target System 299
System Copy Steps 299
Problems and Solutions 307
CHAPTER 13 –REMOTE SERVICES 310
SAPNet and the SAP Marketplace 310
Sending messages to the SAP Customer Support 311
SAP Download Manager 312
SAProuter 313
How to set up SAProuter 314
The route permission table 315
Transferring files to SAPServX 316
Logging on to SAPNet R/3 via OSS1 317
Automating the Opening of a Service Connection 317
Logging on directly to SAPNet –R/3 FrontEnd (bypassing OSS1) 317
CHAPTER 14 –SECURITY 320
Presentation Layer 321
Security risk(s) 321
Recommended actions 321
Checking Who Is Out There 322
Application Layer 325
Database Layer 326
Fixed SQL Server Roles 326
Fixed Database Roles 326
Checking the ‘sa’ Password 327
SQL Server Logins 328
Database Users 328
Risky Stores Procedures 328
xp_availablemedia 329
xp_cmdshell 329
xp_dirtree 329
xp_enumdsn 329
xp_enumgroups 329
xp_fileexist 329
xp_fixeddrives 329
xp_get_mapi_default_profile 329
xp_get_mapi_profiles 329
xp_getfiledetails 329

xp_getnetname 329
xp_loginconfig 330
xp_logininfo 330
xp_msver 330
xp_readerrorlog 330
xp_regdeletekey 330
xp_regdeletevalue 330
xp_regenumkeys 330
xp_regenumvalues 330
xp_regread 330
xp_regwrite 330
xp_subdirs 330
xp_terminate_process 330
Operating System 331
Use NFTS 331
Checking Last Logins 331
Showing Members of a Global or Local Group 332
Working with Local Groups 333
Adding Users to a Group 333
Showing Groups Where a User Belongs To 334
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer 335
Other utilities 335
Protect the Windows Registry 335
Checking for Unnecessary Ports 335
Disable Unnecessary Services 335
Enabling a Warning Message During Logon 335
Network Layer 336
Inventory the MAC Address of your Systems 336
Microsoft Network Security Hotfix Checker 337
Remote Communications Layer 337
Internet Layer 337
Document Transfer Layer 337
Security Checklist 337
CHAPTER 15 –DISASTER RECOVERY 342
Causes of Data Loss 342
Documentation 342
Server Configuration Information 342

Database Server Configuration Information 342
Application Server Configuration Information 343
Planning 343
Disk Redundancy 343
RAID Technology 343
SAN Technology 344
Backups 344
Database Recovery Model 344
Log Shipping 345
Power Outage Protection 345
Trained Personnel 345
Action Plan 345
Restoring the System 346
Operating System 346
Restore Active Directory 346
Database 346
Is MASTER corrupted? 346
Testing 347
Common Syste m Problems 347
Hard Drive Problems 347
Deleted Data 347
APPENDIX A –SAP BASIS TRANSACTIONS 351
APPENDIX B –SAP COMMANDS 355
APPENDIX C –SAP TABLES 361
APPENDIX D –SAPSERVX FTP SITES 363
APPENDIX E –THE HELP DESK AND SAP 365
APPENDIX F –SQL SERV ER ADMIN 369
Services 369
Tools 369
Authentication 369
Databases 369
Database and Transaction Log files 370
Recovery Methods 370
Useful DBCC Commands 370
Useful Stored Procedures 371
Changing the computer name 371
Service Pack Versions 371

Changing the SQL server configuration 372
Changing options in a database 373
Moving TempDB to a different location 374
Remove a transaction log file 374
Transaction Log Usage 374
APPENDIX G –SAP ABAP REPORTS 375
APPENDIX H –LITERATURE 377
Object Manager for SAP R/3® 377
Transport Management 377
Client Comparison Management 377
Backup and Recovery Management 377
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 379
INDEX 383
NOTES 389

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