The document discusses economic growth versus development and various indicators used to measure them. It notes that while economic growth focuses on output, development measures human welfare. Several limitations of GDP as a measure are outlined, including how it ignores income distribution and non-market activities. Alternative development indicators like the Human Development Index that incorporate education, health and standard of living are presented as better capturing a population's well-being. The document questions what constitutes progress and poverty, as these are complex concepts that vary in different contexts.
A presentation from Smartmove4 Visas on the global migration trends for 2013. It covers top sources, destination and migration corridors. It also provides information on the types of migration and migration criteria for investors, students and general visitors.
This presentation makes you familiar with a few common-used notions such as: BRIC, MITSK, emerging markets, ...
It also contains a look at the predictions for 2050, and a focus on the Brazilian economy as well as a short topic about the "BRIC"-wall the U.S. economy is facing.
A presentation from Smartmove4 Visas on the global migration trends for 2013. It covers top sources, destination and migration corridors. It also provides information on the types of migration and migration criteria for investors, students and general visitors.
This presentation makes you familiar with a few common-used notions such as: BRIC, MITSK, emerging markets, ...
It also contains a look at the predictions for 2050, and a focus on the Brazilian economy as well as a short topic about the "BRIC"-wall the U.S. economy is facing.
Presentation on Globalization and it's impact on Pakistan
course: Pakistan Economic Policy
Instructor: Mr,Zia Abbas
by: Shumaila Zaheer Siddiqui and Nauman Ahmed
Institute of business management (Iobm),Karachi
Presentation on Globalization and it's impact on Pakistan
course: Pakistan Economic Policy
Instructor: Mr,Zia Abbas
by: Shumaila Zaheer Siddiqui and Nauman Ahmed
Institute of business management (Iobm),Karachi
Principles and Concepts Development
What is the real meaning of development?
Why do some countries develop and others remain poor?
What are the sources of development and how do we measure development?
Does historical record of development help us understand it better?
What are the most influential theories of development and are they compatible?
Is development process of developing nations independent or interdependent with that of developed nations?
Definition of Economic Development: 1950s
In economic terms, development is the capacity of a nation to generate and sustain an annual increase in its GNP of 5% or more.
Traditional economic measures:
GDP: is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time
Y=C+I+G+NX
GNP: is the market value of all final goods and services produced by permanent residents of a country in a given period of time
GNP= GDP+ net factor income from abroad
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
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For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
3. http://www.bized.co.uk
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Growth versus Development
• Economic growth may be one aspect of
economic development but is not the
same
• Economic growth:
– A measure of the value of output of goods
and services within a time period
• Economic Development:
– A measure of the welfare of humans in a
society
4. http://www.bized.co.uk
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Economic Growth
• Using measures of
economic growth can
give distorted pictures
of the level of income
in a country – the
income distribution is
not taken into account.
• A small proportion of
the population can own
a large amount of the
wealth in a country.
The level of human
welfare for the majority
could therefore be very
limited.But this could be just around the
corner!
Copyright: chinagrove, http://www.sxc.hu
This might be a common
picture……
Copyright: unseenob, http://www.sxc.hu
6. http://www.bized.co.uk
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Economic Growth
• Using measures of economic performance in terms of
the value of income, expenditure and output
• GDP – Gross Domestic Product
– The value of output produced within a country during a
time period
• GNP – Gross National Product
– The value of output produced within a country plus net
property income from abroad
• GDP/GNP per head/per capita
– Takes account of the size of the population
• Real GDP/GNP
– Accounts for differences in price levels in different
countries
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Economic Growth
• High economic growth fuelled through capital spending can
hide a number of underlying economic problems – how is the
income and wealth distributed? Who is doing the spending
and will it ‘trickle down’ to the poor?
Shopping Mall in Saudi Arabia
Copyright : Christo Pacheco, http://www.sxc.hu
Dubai Skyline
Copyright: zchizzerz, http://www.sxc.hu
8. http://www.bized.co.uk
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National Income – Problems
with using GDP/GNP
• Reliability of data?
– How accurate is the data that is collected?
• Distribution of income?
– How is the income distributed – does a small
proportion of the population earn a high percentage
of the income or is income more evenly spread?
9. http://www.bized.co.uk
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National Income – Problems
with using GDP/GNP
• Quality of life?
– Can changes in economic growth measure changes
in the quality of life?
– Does additional earnings power bring with it
additional stress, increases in working hours,
increased health and family problems?
• Impact of exchange rate?
– Difference in exchange rates can distort the
comparisons – need to express in one currency, but
which one and at what value?
10. http://www.bized.co.uk
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National Income – Problems
with using GDP/GNP
• Black/informal economy?
• Some economic activity not
recorded – subsistence
farming and barter activity,
for example
• Some economic activity is
carried out illegally –
building work ‘cash in
hand’, drug dealing, etc.
• Work of the non-paid may
not be considered but may
contribute to welfare –
charity work, housework,
etc.
It might not be pleasant, but what he finds among the refuse could
be all he has.
Title: Sierra Leone Liberia. Copyright: Photolibrary Group
12. http://www.bized.co.uk
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Development
• Development incorporates the
notion of a measure/measures of
human welfare
• As such it is a normative concept –
open to interpretation and
subjectivity
• What should it include?
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Development
• Levels of poverty
– Absolute poverty
– Relative poverty
• Inequality
• Progress – what
constitutes
progress?
Our definitions of progress may be highly subjective. What
has progress brought to native tribes people across the
globe?
Title: Navajos refuse casino riches. Copyright: Stock.Xchng
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What is Poverty?
• Poverty is a ‘relative’ term
Romanian gypsies – is this man living in poverty?
Copyright: ghitulescu radu, http://www.sxc.hu
Or is this villager in rural China?
Copyright: Mark Forman, http://www.sxc.hu
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Development
• Other considerations of human welfare:
• Political freedoms?
• Sustenance?
• Sustainable development?
• Self esteem?
• Proportion of activity in different sectors
of the economy:
– Primary
– Secondary
– Tertiary
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Development
• Iraqis have
supposedly been
given their freedom
following the
American led
‘Operation freedom’
but has it improved
welfare?Copyright: Photolibrary Group
18. http://www.bized.co.uk
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Human Development Index
(HDI)
• HDI – A socio-economic measure
• Focus on three dimensions of human
welfare:
• Longevity – Life expectancy
• Knowledge – Access to education,
literacy rates
• Standard of living – GDP per capita:
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)