This document provides details about the life and landmark cases of renowned Indian lawyer Nani Palkhivala. It summarizes his role in key constitutional cases between 1951-1980 that helped shape India's democracy. These include the Ninth Schedule case where he argued against unlimited parliamentary amendment power, and the Kesavananda Bharati case where he successfully argued that parliament cannot amend features that constitute the basic structure of the constitution like sovereignty and secularism. He was instrumental in establishing the doctrine of basic structure that limits parliament's ability to amend the constitution and protects fundamental rights and federalism in India.
The document discusses the role and powers of the President of India according to the Indian constitution. It analyzes whether the President is truly a "mere figurehead" as critics have stated, or holds significant executive powers. The document examines the President's normal, military, diplomatic, legislative, financial, judicial, ceremonial, and discretionary powers, as well as emergency and ordinance-making powers, to determine the extent of the President's authority.
Status Of The President Under The ConstitutionShiva Shankara
The document discusses the status and powers of the President of India under the Indian Constitution. It begins with providing context on the historical meaning and origins of the term "President". It then outlines the key provisions in the Constitution related to the President's role, functions, and powers. The President has executive, legislative, and emergency powers but courts have ruled that most powers must be exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers. There is debate around some independent powers like pardoning and dissolving the lower house of parliament. Overall, the document analyzes the President's role as outlined in the Constitution and issues that have been subject to judicial interpretation.
The document discusses the roles and appointment processes of Chief Ministers and state councils of ministers in India. It also discusses High Courts.
- A Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is appointed by the Governor, usually from the party that wins a majority in state assembly elections. If no party has a majority, the Governor exercises discretion in the appointment.
- State councils of ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. High Courts are the highest courts in each state and have powers of judicial review over state laws as well as administrative oversight over lower courts.
The document discusses the powers and roles of state governors and chief ministers in India according to the country's constitution. It provides details on the following:
1) State governors are appointed as nominal executive heads by the president but exercise powers on the advice of the state's council of ministers headed by the chief minister.
2) Chief ministers are elected by the ruling party in the state legislative assembly and effectively function as the executive head of the state government.
3) State councils of ministers are formed under the chief minister and assist the governor in administering the state, with cabinet ministers overseeing key departments.
LLB LAW NOTES ON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDIA
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
This document provides details about the life and landmark cases of renowned Indian lawyer Nani Palkhivala. It summarizes his role in key constitutional cases between 1951-1980 that helped shape India's democracy. These include the Ninth Schedule case where he argued against unlimited parliamentary amendment power, and the Kesavananda Bharati case where he successfully argued that parliament cannot amend features that constitute the basic structure of the constitution like sovereignty and secularism. He was instrumental in establishing the doctrine of basic structure that limits parliament's ability to amend the constitution and protects fundamental rights and federalism in India.
The document discusses the role and powers of the President of India according to the Indian constitution. It analyzes whether the President is truly a "mere figurehead" as critics have stated, or holds significant executive powers. The document examines the President's normal, military, diplomatic, legislative, financial, judicial, ceremonial, and discretionary powers, as well as emergency and ordinance-making powers, to determine the extent of the President's authority.
Status Of The President Under The ConstitutionShiva Shankara
The document discusses the status and powers of the President of India under the Indian Constitution. It begins with providing context on the historical meaning and origins of the term "President". It then outlines the key provisions in the Constitution related to the President's role, functions, and powers. The President has executive, legislative, and emergency powers but courts have ruled that most powers must be exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers. There is debate around some independent powers like pardoning and dissolving the lower house of parliament. Overall, the document analyzes the President's role as outlined in the Constitution and issues that have been subject to judicial interpretation.
The document discusses the roles and appointment processes of Chief Ministers and state councils of ministers in India. It also discusses High Courts.
- A Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is appointed by the Governor, usually from the party that wins a majority in state assembly elections. If no party has a majority, the Governor exercises discretion in the appointment.
- State councils of ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. High Courts are the highest courts in each state and have powers of judicial review over state laws as well as administrative oversight over lower courts.
The document discusses the powers and roles of state governors and chief ministers in India according to the country's constitution. It provides details on the following:
1) State governors are appointed as nominal executive heads by the president but exercise powers on the advice of the state's council of ministers headed by the chief minister.
2) Chief ministers are elected by the ruling party in the state legislative assembly and effectively function as the executive head of the state government.
3) State councils of ministers are formed under the chief minister and assist the governor in administering the state, with cabinet ministers overseeing key departments.
LLB LAW NOTES ON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDIA
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
The document summarizes key aspects of the origins and structure of the Indian Constitution:
- It was drafted between 1946-1949 after independence from Britain and the partition that created India and Pakistan. The constitution came into effect in 1950.
- It establishes a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature. It also guarantees fundamental rights and directives for social justice and economic development.
- The constitution can be amended through parliamentary processes, but the Supreme Court has established the "basic structure doctrine" that limits amendments from destroying essential constitutional elements like democracy, secularism, and federalism.
The President of India has both discretionary and non-discretionary powers. While the President exercises executive powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers, there are some situations where the President can exercise discretion, such as in appointing a Prime Minister in a situation where no single party has a clear majority. However, conventions and judicial precedents have established certain guidelines to ensure the President's actions are constitutionally valid. The President can also be impeached through a quasi-judicial process that requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament for charges of violating the constitution.
Class 8 chapter_19_the_union_executive_pptKamlesh Khanna
The document discusses the executive branch of the Indian union government. It describes the powers and roles of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers, and Prime Minister. The President has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers and appoints judges. The Vice President chairs Rajya Sabha. The Council of Ministers is responsible for policy and administration under the Prime Minister, who forms the government based on the Lok Sabha majority.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
The document summarizes the role and powers of the President of India according to the Indian Constitution. The President is the head of state and occupies the highest position in the country. They are elected indirectly by an electoral college and hold office for a five-year term. The President has extensive executive, legislative, and emergency powers, including appointing the Prime Minister and state governors, summoning parliamentary sessions, and granting pardons. However, the President generally acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Indian constitution, including its definition, purpose, and salient features. It notes that the Indian constitution is the longest in the world, written, and contains provisions for fundamental rights and duties of citizens, directive principles of state policy, single citizenship, universal adult franchise, a combination of rigid and flexible amendment processes, a republic and democratic form of government, federalism, secular and socialist policies, an independent judiciary, emergency provisions, one national language, and grassroots government systems.
The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. It was created as a federal chamber to represent the states. Some key points:
1. The Rajya Sabha has 245 members, 233 representing the states and 12 nominated by the President. Members serve 6-year terms with one-third retiring every 2 years.
2. The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. It has special powers to legislate on state matters and create all-India services.
3. The Rajya Sabha cannot pass a no-confidence motion or make/unmake the government like the Lok Sabha. However, it plays an important role in
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
Article I Sections 4-7 of the Constitution outline how Congress works. State legislatures are responsible for holding elections for Congress, though Congress can regulate them. Congress must meet at least once per year. Each house of Congress sets its own rules and can expel members with a two-thirds vote. A quorum of over half the members is needed to conduct business. The Congressional Record details proceedings, though members can revise speeches. Congress cannot adjourn for more than 3 days without the other's consent. Members receive salaries and benefits like staff budgets and franking privileges. Congress has immunity from arrest except for treason, felony, or breach of peace. Members cannot hold other federal offices to prevent conflicts of interest. Party cauc
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, providing leadership, coordinating policies, and overseeing the functions of various departments and ministries.
The document discusses the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, which is an independent constitutional authority that audits all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India and the state governments.
Some key points:
- The CAG is appointed by the President of India for a 6-year term and has the responsibility of auditing expenditures of the central and state governments.
- The office of CAG has evolved since British rule in India and was constitutionalized after independence. It has the power to audit all government bodies receiving substantial public funds.
- The CAG submits audit reports of the central and state governments to the President and state governors, who then present them to
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
This slide describes the Speaker of Indian Parliament, his powers, his election, his duties etc. This is very much useful for those folks who are preparing for Indian Civil Services Exams. All the Best !!!!
The document provides information on key aspects of the Constitution of India:
- It is the longest constitution in the world, originally with 395 articles and now with over 400 after amendments.
- It draws from various other constitutions around the world, combining the best features of federal, unitary, parliamentary and presidential systems.
- Key features include fundamental rights, directive principles, an independent judiciary with power of judicial review, adult suffrage, and emergency provisions.
- It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with goals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
Constitution of India and its basic featuresAmmu Chandhini
The Indian constitution is one of the bulkiest in the world, comprising 395 articles across 22 parts and 12 schedules. It provides for a parliamentary democracy with a federal structure that has a unitary bias. The constitution establishes fundamental rights and duties for citizens, directive principles for governance, and special provisions for minorities and marginalized groups. It creates an independent judiciary, emergency powers, and a bicameral parliament to balance rigidity and flexibility in India's governing framework.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for Module 1 on Constitutional Law. It covers topics such as constitutionalism, rule of law, historical perspectives, and salient features of constitutions. It also discusses concepts like social contract theory, functions of modern states, different organs of government, and fundamental rights. The preamble to the Indian constitution embodies the principle of social contract by stating "We the people...". Constitutional law establishes rules for the relations between the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Fundamental rights are guaranteed in the constitution and judiciary protects these rights.
This document provides details about the Parliament and State Legislatures in India as per the Constitution. It discusses the composition and functions of the Indian Parliament which consists of the President and two houses - Council of States and House of the People. It describes the composition of both houses and their powers. It also compares the upper houses under different constitutions and discusses qualifications and disqualifications of members of Parliament. The document then examines provisions related to Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of both houses and circumstances leading to vacating of these offices.
The document summarizes key aspects of the origins and structure of the Indian Constitution:
- It was drafted between 1946-1949 after independence from Britain and the partition that created India and Pakistan. The constitution came into effect in 1950.
- It establishes a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature. It also guarantees fundamental rights and directives for social justice and economic development.
- The constitution can be amended through parliamentary processes, but the Supreme Court has established the "basic structure doctrine" that limits amendments from destroying essential constitutional elements like democracy, secularism, and federalism.
The President of India has both discretionary and non-discretionary powers. While the President exercises executive powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers, there are some situations where the President can exercise discretion, such as in appointing a Prime Minister in a situation where no single party has a clear majority. However, conventions and judicial precedents have established certain guidelines to ensure the President's actions are constitutionally valid. The President can also be impeached through a quasi-judicial process that requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament for charges of violating the constitution.
Class 8 chapter_19_the_union_executive_pptKamlesh Khanna
The document discusses the executive branch of the Indian union government. It describes the powers and roles of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers, and Prime Minister. The President has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers and appoints judges. The Vice President chairs Rajya Sabha. The Council of Ministers is responsible for policy and administration under the Prime Minister, who forms the government based on the Lok Sabha majority.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
The document summarizes the role and powers of the President of India according to the Indian Constitution. The President is the head of state and occupies the highest position in the country. They are elected indirectly by an electoral college and hold office for a five-year term. The President has extensive executive, legislative, and emergency powers, including appointing the Prime Minister and state governors, summoning parliamentary sessions, and granting pardons. However, the President generally acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Indian constitution, including its definition, purpose, and salient features. It notes that the Indian constitution is the longest in the world, written, and contains provisions for fundamental rights and duties of citizens, directive principles of state policy, single citizenship, universal adult franchise, a combination of rigid and flexible amendment processes, a republic and democratic form of government, federalism, secular and socialist policies, an independent judiciary, emergency provisions, one national language, and grassroots government systems.
The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. It was created as a federal chamber to represent the states. Some key points:
1. The Rajya Sabha has 245 members, 233 representing the states and 12 nominated by the President. Members serve 6-year terms with one-third retiring every 2 years.
2. The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. It has special powers to legislate on state matters and create all-India services.
3. The Rajya Sabha cannot pass a no-confidence motion or make/unmake the government like the Lok Sabha. However, it plays an important role in
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
Article I Sections 4-7 of the Constitution outline how Congress works. State legislatures are responsible for holding elections for Congress, though Congress can regulate them. Congress must meet at least once per year. Each house of Congress sets its own rules and can expel members with a two-thirds vote. A quorum of over half the members is needed to conduct business. The Congressional Record details proceedings, though members can revise speeches. Congress cannot adjourn for more than 3 days without the other's consent. Members receive salaries and benefits like staff budgets and franking privileges. Congress has immunity from arrest except for treason, felony, or breach of peace. Members cannot hold other federal offices to prevent conflicts of interest. Party cauc
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, providing leadership, coordinating policies, and overseeing the functions of various departments and ministries.
The document discusses the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, which is an independent constitutional authority that audits all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India and the state governments.
Some key points:
- The CAG is appointed by the President of India for a 6-year term and has the responsibility of auditing expenditures of the central and state governments.
- The office of CAG has evolved since British rule in India and was constitutionalized after independence. It has the power to audit all government bodies receiving substantial public funds.
- The CAG submits audit reports of the central and state governments to the President and state governors, who then present them to
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
This slide describes the Speaker of Indian Parliament, his powers, his election, his duties etc. This is very much useful for those folks who are preparing for Indian Civil Services Exams. All the Best !!!!
The document provides information on key aspects of the Constitution of India:
- It is the longest constitution in the world, originally with 395 articles and now with over 400 after amendments.
- It draws from various other constitutions around the world, combining the best features of federal, unitary, parliamentary and presidential systems.
- Key features include fundamental rights, directive principles, an independent judiciary with power of judicial review, adult suffrage, and emergency provisions.
- It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with goals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
Constitution of India and its basic featuresAmmu Chandhini
The Indian constitution is one of the bulkiest in the world, comprising 395 articles across 22 parts and 12 schedules. It provides for a parliamentary democracy with a federal structure that has a unitary bias. The constitution establishes fundamental rights and duties for citizens, directive principles for governance, and special provisions for minorities and marginalized groups. It creates an independent judiciary, emergency powers, and a bicameral parliament to balance rigidity and flexibility in India's governing framework.
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for Module 1 on Constitutional Law. It covers topics such as constitutionalism, rule of law, historical perspectives, and salient features of constitutions. It also discusses concepts like social contract theory, functions of modern states, different organs of government, and fundamental rights. The preamble to the Indian constitution embodies the principle of social contract by stating "We the people...". Constitutional law establishes rules for the relations between the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Fundamental rights are guaranteed in the constitution and judiciary protects these rights.
This document provides details about the Parliament and State Legislatures in India as per the Constitution. It discusses the composition and functions of the Indian Parliament which consists of the President and two houses - Council of States and House of the People. It describes the composition of both houses and their powers. It also compares the upper houses under different constitutions and discusses qualifications and disqualifications of members of Parliament. The document then examines provisions related to Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of both houses and circumstances leading to vacating of these offices.
The document discusses key aspects of the Indian constitution related to education, including:
1) Constitutional provisions on education such as those in the preamble and fundamental rights and duties.
2) Directive principles of state policy and the right to information as they relate to education.
3) Constitutional values in the context of education and the impact of liberalization, privatization, and globalization on Indian society.
The document provides an overview of how the Indian constitution addresses education.
The document summarizes the structure and powers of the Union Government in India. It outlines that the Union Government is divided into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch consists of the two houses of parliament, the executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, and the judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. It then goes on to describe the various powers and roles of the President, Prime Minister, and other bodies within the Union Government.
Document contain a reliable knowledge for law and students may gain a very useful knowledge from our parliament . If the notes is read with proper attention then they will be able to tell about our parliament to others.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Constitution of India such as its origins, structure, principles and provisions. It notes that the constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. Key features summarized include fundamental rights and duties of citizens, an independent judiciary, universal adult suffrage, and special provisions for marginalized groups.
This document contains summaries of 10 chapters related to the Indian constitution and government. It provides definitions for key terms like secularism, federalism, and separation of powers. It also summarizes the structure and purpose of important government institutions like the parliament, judiciary, and public services. Multiple choice questions are included with short answers summarizing the roles of things like the prime minister, fundamental rights, and the purpose of having laws and a constitution.
The document discusses the governance structure at the Union level in India. It describes the three branches of government - executive, legislature, and judiciary. The President of India heads the executive branch and is elected indirectly by an electoral college. The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers constitute the executive under the President. The Parliament is the legislative branch, comprising the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Supreme Court forms the judicial branch. The document focuses on explaining the roles and powers of the President, Prime Minister, Parliament, and Supreme Court in India's system of governance at the Union level.
This document provides information about the roles and functions of the Indian Parliament. It discusses that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the lower house (Lok Sabha) and upper house (Rajya Sabha). It outlines the qualifications for members of each house. The key functions of Parliament discussed are law making, controlling the executive, controlling finances, certain electoral and judicial functions, and constituent functions. It also notes that Parliament represents public opinion.
The document discusses India's system of government. It describes the division of powers between the union and state governments. Executive power lies with the President and the Council of Ministers, while the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and exercises legislative powers. The parliamentary system was adopted from Britain. Bills pass through several readings in the two houses of Parliament before becoming law upon the President's approval.
This ppt describes the overview of the topic Union Executive. This ppt only describes the topic of the President of India, his powers, office, election, removal, etc.
This document provides an overview of the British and American systems of government. It discusses the sources of authority in Britain, including constitutional conventions, acts of parliament, and opinions of judges. Key aspects of the British system covered include the supremacy of parliament, the monarchy, parliament, the cabinet and ministers, and the judiciary. For the American system, the document outlines the US Constitution and bill of rights, the presidency, the electoral college process, the congress, and the US Supreme Court.
Salient features of the Indian Constitutionsiddhuvijesh
It came in to effect on 26th January 1950.It provides the detail information of Legislative,Executive and Judiciary functions.It protects the fundamental rights of the people.
The Indian Constitution has several key features:
1. It is the longest and most detailed written constitution in the world, containing 395 articles across 22 parts.
2. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government.
3. It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens and implements the goal of establishing a just social order.
4. The constitution draws from various foreign models but is neither purely rigid nor flexible. It can be amended through parliamentary processes.
5. Other features include an independent judiciary with power of judicial review, federal structure balanced with a strong center, and recognition of diversity and minority rights.
Ch 4 Basic Features of the Indian ConstitutionTeena9
This document provides an overview of the basic features of the Constitution of India. It begins by defining what a constitution is and explaining why constitutions are needed. It then discusses the history of India's constitution, including the Government of India Act of 1935 and the Indian Independence Act of 1947. The key events in the framing of India's constitution between 1946 and 1950 are summarized. Finally, the document outlines some of the salient features of the Indian constitution, including that it is the longest in the world, its preamble, fundamental rights, and definition as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
working of institutions by Pathan AijajYunus Pathan
This document summarizes the key decision makers and institutions in the Indian democratic system. It outlines that the President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most governmental powers. It then describes the two houses of Parliament - the Lok Sabha as the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha as the upper house. Finally, it provides an overview of the judiciary, noting that High Courts are the principal civil courts at the state level, while the Supreme Court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal for the country.
The Indian constitution is the longest and most detailed in the world. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. Some key features include:
- It is the supreme law of India, outlining fundamental political principles and structure of government.
- It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens and directive principles for policymaking.
- Property rights were made an ordinary right through amendment.
- It establishes universal adult suffrage and secularity.
- The judiciary is independent and supreme, headed by the Supreme Court.
- It incorporates principles of federalism while maintaining a strong central government.
A very simple Power Point Presentation on The Constitution of India.Very useful for CBSE school students of classes 7,8,9 for their assignment and project references..........
Feathers and characteristics of indian constitutionKaustubhAhirrao4
The document summarizes key features of the Indian constitution:
1. It is one of the longest and most detailed written constitutions in the world, originally containing 395 articles across 22 parts and 8 schedules, and now containing 448 articles across 25 parts and 12 schedules after amendments.
2. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government and an independent judiciary.
3. It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens and also outlines corresponding fundamental duties. It aims to balance rigidity and flexibility through different amendment procedures for ordinary and special provisions.
4. The constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It
This document provides a comparative analysis of the constitutions of India, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It outlines some key features of each constitution, including:
- The US has a written and rigid constitution, while the UK's is unwritten and flexible. India's constitution is the longest and most detailed written constitution.
- The US and India have federal systems, while the UK has a unitary system. India's system has some unitary features in addition to its federal structure.
- The US has a presidential system, while India and the UK have parliamentary systems where the executive is accountable to the legislature.
- Parliamentary sovereignty is a key principle in the UK, where the legislature is supreme
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
1. 1 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
What is the Parliament of Japan called? — Diet
What is the political term for an organised system of spying?
— Espionage.
Which was the first Marxist state in the World? — Soviet Union.
Who founded the first socialist state in the world? — Lenin.
Who is the supreme executive authority under the British Constitution?
— The Crown.
Which are the two major political parties in Britain?
— 1. The Conservative Party and
2. The Labour Party.
What is the Lower House of the British Parliament called?
— The House of Commons.
Name the two political parties in the U.S.A.
— 1. Republican Party and
2. Democratic Party.
Who was the first President of the U.S.A.? — George Washington.
Who was the first Prime Minister of Britain? — Robert Walpole.
Who is known as the father of ‘Socialism’? — Karl Marx.
Who is the head of the Executive in the U.S.A.? What is his term of
office? — The President. His term is of four years.
What are the two bodies that constitute the U.S. Congress?
— 1. The Senate and
2. The House of Representatives.
What is the official designation of the Cabinet Minister dealing with
2. 2 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
Foreign Affairs. (a) in the U.K. and (b) in the U.S.A.?
— (a) Foreign Secretary.
(b) Secretary of State.
What is the new name of Burma?
— Union of Myanmar. (The name of its capital
-Rangoon-has also been changed to ‘Yangon’)
What is a coup d’etat?
— It is the term used to describe a sudden
overthrow of a government, usually by force.
Which is the official residence of the British Prime Minister?
— 10, Downing Street, London.
What do you understand by the term “BENELUX”?
— Union of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg.
Who is the Chief Administrative Officer of the United Nations?
— Secretary-General.
The Constituent Assembly of India was converted into the provisional
Parliament on? — 26th January 1950.
How many languages were first listed in the original Constitution?
— 14
What are the four institutions in Indian Polity, which have been identified
as the “four bulwarks” of Indian democracy?
— (a) Legislature, (b) Executive, (c) Judiciary and
(d) the CAG (Comptroller andAuditor- General).
As the Supreme Commander of the armed forces, can the Indian President
declare a war, on his own?
— No. He cannot declare a war without
the sanction of the Union Parliament.
What is the minimum age prescribed for a Judge of the Supreme Court?
3. 3 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
— No minimum age has been prescribed for appointement
as a Judge of the Supreme Court nor any fixed tenure of office.
What is the age of superannuation of Judges of the Supreme Court/High
Courts? — 65 and 62 respectively.
Is there any provision in the Indian Constitution for impeachment of the
Vice-President? — No
Name the Indian States which are known as the “Seven Eastern Sisters”.
— Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram,
Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura.
(These States have a common High Court at Guwahati)
Can a retired High Court Judge be appointed Advocate-General?
— Yes (There is a Supreme Court ruling to this effect).
(There is no bar to a person being appointed Advocate
-General, after the age of 62 or to his continuing
in that office after attaining the age of 62.)
Can the Governor appoint an Additional Advocate-General for the State?
— Yes Under Article 165, the Governor may
appoint an Additional Advocate-General.
Discuss the constitutional position and power of the Deputy Prime Minister
in India.
— The Dy. P.M. is not a creature of the Constitution. The
post has no sanction in law. He enjoys no greater
powers than those of a Cabinet Minister.
A Constitution Amendment Bill, after being passed by the Rajya Sabha, is
pending before a Select Committee of the Lok Sabha. Meanwhile, the
Parliament is dissolved. What happens to the Bill?
— The Bill lapses, on the dissolution of Parliament.
Can a sitting member of Parliament or a State Legislative Assembly contest
4. 4 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
an election for the office of President?
— Yes. He can. But, he has to relinquish his seat in the
Legislative Assembly/Parliament, as soon as he
is elected as President.
Which Union Territory has a separate High Court of its own? When was
it established?
— Delhi. Delhi High Court was established in 1966.
Only five out of the 28 States have two Houses each, while the rest have
only one House viz. the Assembly. Name the five States.
— The following five States have two Houses each
viz., the Assembly and the Council:
1. Bihar, 2. Jammu and Kashmir, 3. Karnataka 4. Maharashtra
and 5. Uttar Pradesh
What is the punishment prescribed for contempt of court?
— The Contempt of Courts Act prescribes the punishment
for contempt-simple imprisonment upto six
months or fine upto Rs 2000 or both.
What is the maximum period of disqualification for a member of Parliament?
— The maximum period of disqualification is six years.
Is there any legal remedy if a State Governor is dismissed before the
expiry of his term?
— None. If the Governor is dismissed before the expiry of his
term, there is really no legal remedy. The President’s
order is conclusive and is non-justiciable.
Can a court of a law look into the proceedings of a State Cabinet?
— No. These are privileged from production in a court of law,
but the court is not bared from looking into Cabinet
proceedings, if they are produced voluntarily.
5. 5 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
Can a Court strike down an ordinance issued by a Governor? If so, under
what circumstances?
— Yes. If, in issuing it, the Governor has
(a) directly violated a constitutional provision,
(b) exceeded his constitutional power to make it or
(c) has made a colourable use of such power.
Can a State Governor dismiss a civil servant on his own or at his pleasure?
— No. The executive power of Governor cannot be so exercised
(as to override a provision of the Constitution), otherwise
than in accordance with Article 311(2).
Can a Money Bill be introduced in a Legislative Council? What is the
constitutional provision?
— A Money Bill shall not be introduced in a Legislative
Council [Article 198(1)]. This article details a special
procedure in this regard.
Do State Legislatures have a role in the amendment of the Constitution?
Can they initiate any Bill for such amendment?
— Yes. State Legislatures do have a role in the amendment of the
Constitution [Article 368 (2)]. But they cannot introduce a Bill
initiating an amendment of the Constitution.
Can a Governor reject or return a Money Bill?
— The Governor has no power to reject or return a
Money Bill. In other words, he has no veto
power at all in respect of Money Bills.
(a) Can the Supreme Court of India revise the decision of High Courts?
(b) Are the High Courts administratively subordinate to the Supreme Court?
— (a) Yes. The Supreme Court, as the final appellate Court,
can revise the decision of High Courts.
6. 6 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
(b) No. The High Courts are not administratively
subordinate to the Supreme Court.
(a) In which year were the first election to Union Parliament held?
(b) In which year was the first amendment to the Indian Constitution
effected?
— (a) The first election to Union Parliament were held in 1952
(b) The first amendment to the Indian Constitution was
effected in 1951.
Is the President or the Governor of a State personally liable for the contracts
executed in his name?
— The President, or the Governor is not personally liable for the
contracts executed in his name. An officer executing such a
contract also enjoys immunity from personal liability.
Is it correct to say that the jurisdiction of the High Court to issue the
writs is more extensive than that of the Supreme Court?
— Yes. The High Court has power to issue to any person or
authority, including any government, orders, directions,
or writs ncluding the writs in the nature of habeas corpus,
mandamus, Prohibition, quo warranto and ertiorari
for the enforcement of any of the fundamental
rights or for any other purpose.
Thus, the jurisdiction of the High Court
to issue the writs is more extensive than
that of the Supreme Court of India.
Who was the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament?
— Dadabhai Naoroji.
Name the first woman Judge of the Supreme Court of India.
— Ms. M. Fathima Beevi.
7. 7 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
Which was the first State to be formed on a linguistic basis?
— Andhra Pradesh (1st October 1953).
Who was the first Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
— Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
Which is the youngest state of the Indian Union?
— Jharkhand
Which was the highest Court of appeal for Indians prior to 1950, i.e.
before the advent of the Supreme Court of India?
— The Privy Council, London.
Does the Indian Constitution provide for a Deputy Prime Minister?
— No
Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Planning Commission?
— The Prime Minister of India.
Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces in India?
— The President of India.
Who is the Chairman of the National Development Council?
— The Prime Minister of India
To whom should the letter of resignation of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
be addressed? — Deputy Speaker of the House.
Which High Court has jurisdiction over the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands? — Calcutta High Court.
Which is the smallest Union Territory in the country?
— Lakshadweep (Area: 32skm).
To whom does the President send his resignation letter, if he wants to
give up his office? — Vice-President of India.
Does the Indian Constitution envisage double citizenship? — No.
How many judges were there in the Supreme Court of India, when the
Court was first constituted?
8. 8 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
— Eight (including the Chief Justice).
What is the basic difference between the Indian President and the British
Monarch?
— The Indian President is elected every five years, while
the British Crown is hereditary and not elective.
Where is the Kerala High Court located? — At Ernakulam.
India became a free nation on 15 August 1947 and became a republic on
26 January 1950. What was her status during 1947-50?
— She was a Dominion.
The maximum number of members who can be nominated by the
President to the Rajya Sabha is: — Twelve.
How many members of the Anglo-Indian community can the President
nominate to the Lok Sabha? — Not more than two.
How many constituencies have been identified by the Election Commission
for the Delhi Assembly? — 70
How many High Courts are there in the country? Outline their territorial
jurisdiction. — 18
How many languages were initially included in the 8th Schedule of the
original Constitution? — Fourteen
Name the four institutions in Indian Polity, which are usually identified
as the four bulwarks of Indian democracy.
— (a) The Legislature, (b) The Executive,
(c) The Judiciary and (d) The CAG
Is there a specific provision in the Indian Constitution, ‘making a
VicePresident
eligible for re-election?
— No. The Constitution is silent on the point.
A sitting Vice-President is, however, by
9. 9 Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Exam.Affairs.EA
convention, re-elected for a second term.
Minimum age for a person to be appointed the Governor of a State in India
— 35 years
The first Indian state to come under President’s rule — Punjab
The first woman CM of India — Sucheta Kripalani
Which Lok Sabha had the least women? — The sixth
When did Goa join the Indian Union? — In 1961
The youngest person to become the Indian President.
— N Sanjiva Reddy
The first woman Chief Justice of a High Court — Justice Leila Seth
When was minimum voting age in India made 18 years? — In 1988
The first Vice-President to be elected President of India?
— Dr S Radhakrishnan
The first woman Chief Election Commissioner of India
— VS Ramadevi
India’s second woman judge of Supreme Court?
— Sujatha Vasant Manohar
President of India may resign wiriting under his hand addressed to the:
— Vice-President
The first Lok Sabha had two Speakers. They were:
— GV Mavlankar and M Ananthasayanam Ayengar
The Supreme Command of the armed forces is vested in the President of
India. The responsibility for national defence rests with the:
— Cabinet
The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner is _____ years or
till he is 65, whichever is earlier. — Six