India and Thailand have close economic ties and established a free trade agreement in 2003. This paper analyzes India-Thailand trade relations before and after the FTA. It finds that total trade has increased since the FTA, with imports from Thailand growing faster than exports to Thailand. While India had a trade surplus in earlier years, imports have come to exceed exports in recent years. The study suggests that both countries could benefit from further cooperation to better leverage their trade complementarities and strengthen their economic partnership.
This document provides an overview of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India through a presentation. It discusses the history of trade unions in India and the reasons for establishing the Trade Union Act. Key points covered include definitions in the act, procedures for registering trade unions, rights and responsibilities of registered unions, and penalties for non-compliance. The presentation was given to a professor and covers topics such as the meaning of the act, registration process, roles of the registrar, legal status and rules of registered unions, their rights and liabilities, and penalties under the act.
This document provides an overview of the course "Administrative Law" taught by Dal Chandra. It is divided into 6 modules that cover: 1) Introduction to administrative law 2) Delegated legislation 3) Administrative tribunals and natural justice 4) Judicial review of administrative action 5) Administrative discretion and redress of grievances 6) Government liability. The introduction defines administrative law and traces its origins and evolution in India from ancient times to the modern welfare state. It explains the expanded role and powers of public administration that necessitated the growth of this legal field.
National commission for SCs and National commission for STsRupali Bansal
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes were established to protect the rights of SCs and STs in India. Originally, the Constitution provided for a Special Officer for SCs and STs called the Commissioner. However, the 89th Amendment separated these into two independent commissions - the National Commission for Scheduled Castes under Article 338 and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes under Article 338-A. Both commissions have 5 members including a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson appointed by the President of India. Their functions include investigating matters related to SCs and STs, inquiring into specific complaints, participating in development planning, and recommending effective implementation of constitutional safeguards.
Revocation of Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir
Background
Provisions of Article 370
Deadlock in removing Article 370 for Parliament
Timeline of Events
This document summarizes the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976 in India and the key 1983 Supreme Court case Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India.
The Act aims to abolish bonded labor by cancelling all debts of bonded laborers, prohibiting new bondage agreements, and requiring the economic rehabilitation of freed bonded laborers. It criminalizes attempts to compel bonded labor.
The 1983 case found that migrant workers in mines and quarries were being exploited as bonded laborers without proper wages, housing, or safety conditions. The Supreme Court upheld the workers' right to approach the court under Article 32 to seek relief for violations of their fundamental rights and freedoms.
The document discusses the right to freedom of religion as outlined in the Indian constitution. It states that the preamble establishes India as a secular democratic republic. Articles 25-28 guarantee freedom of conscience and the ability to profess, practice and propagate religion. Specifically, Article 25 grants all citizens the freedom to profess, practice and propagate their faith so long as it does not negatively impact public health or morality. This freedom extends not just to citizens but to all individuals.
Socio-Legal Dimensions of Gender (LLB-507 & 509 )cpjcollege
This paper intends to sensitize the students about the changing
dimensions of gender and also familiarizes them with the subtle manifestations of inequality rooted in our society.
This document provides an overview of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India through a presentation. It discusses the history of trade unions in India and the reasons for establishing the Trade Union Act. Key points covered include definitions in the act, procedures for registering trade unions, rights and responsibilities of registered unions, and penalties for non-compliance. The presentation was given to a professor and covers topics such as the meaning of the act, registration process, roles of the registrar, legal status and rules of registered unions, their rights and liabilities, and penalties under the act.
This document provides an overview of the course "Administrative Law" taught by Dal Chandra. It is divided into 6 modules that cover: 1) Introduction to administrative law 2) Delegated legislation 3) Administrative tribunals and natural justice 4) Judicial review of administrative action 5) Administrative discretion and redress of grievances 6) Government liability. The introduction defines administrative law and traces its origins and evolution in India from ancient times to the modern welfare state. It explains the expanded role and powers of public administration that necessitated the growth of this legal field.
National commission for SCs and National commission for STsRupali Bansal
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes were established to protect the rights of SCs and STs in India. Originally, the Constitution provided for a Special Officer for SCs and STs called the Commissioner. However, the 89th Amendment separated these into two independent commissions - the National Commission for Scheduled Castes under Article 338 and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes under Article 338-A. Both commissions have 5 members including a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson appointed by the President of India. Their functions include investigating matters related to SCs and STs, inquiring into specific complaints, participating in development planning, and recommending effective implementation of constitutional safeguards.
Revocation of Special Status of Jammu & Kashmir
Background
Provisions of Article 370
Deadlock in removing Article 370 for Parliament
Timeline of Events
This document summarizes the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976 in India and the key 1983 Supreme Court case Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India.
The Act aims to abolish bonded labor by cancelling all debts of bonded laborers, prohibiting new bondage agreements, and requiring the economic rehabilitation of freed bonded laborers. It criminalizes attempts to compel bonded labor.
The 1983 case found that migrant workers in mines and quarries were being exploited as bonded laborers without proper wages, housing, or safety conditions. The Supreme Court upheld the workers' right to approach the court under Article 32 to seek relief for violations of their fundamental rights and freedoms.
The document discusses the right to freedom of religion as outlined in the Indian constitution. It states that the preamble establishes India as a secular democratic republic. Articles 25-28 guarantee freedom of conscience and the ability to profess, practice and propagate religion. Specifically, Article 25 grants all citizens the freedom to profess, practice and propagate their faith so long as it does not negatively impact public health or morality. This freedom extends not just to citizens but to all individuals.
Socio-Legal Dimensions of Gender (LLB-507 & 509 )cpjcollege
This paper intends to sensitize the students about the changing
dimensions of gender and also familiarizes them with the subtle manifestations of inequality rooted in our society.
Presentation by Hemant Goswami on RTI and Human RIghts. This is part of the
talk delivered by Hemant Goswami in Punjab University Chandigarh on March 5,
2010.
The document discusses federalism in India. It provides examples of how power is divided between the central government and state governments in areas like legislation, taxation, and administration. It also notes that while states enjoy significant autonomy, some states like Jammu and Kashmir have additional special status and powers outlined in the constitution. The Supreme Court also acts as an umpire to resolve disputes between the central and state governments.
This document discusses the Right to Information Act (RTI Act) in India and its role in improving governance. It provides an outline of the key points covered, including the background and objective of the RTI Act, important sections of the act, the roles of stakeholders, how citizens can file RTI applications, examples of RTI activists' work, and two case studies related to the Supreme Court of India. The overall message is that while the RTI Act has helped increase transparency and accountability after seven years of implementation, it still has not been used to its full potential due to issues like lack of awareness, threats faced by activists, and political and bureaucratic resistance to transparency.
The document provides details about the composition and structure of Lokpal as established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. It states that Lokpal is a multi-member statutory body headed by a chairperson who is a former Chief Justice of India or Supreme Court judge. It can have a maximum of 8 members including at least 4 judicial members. The selection committee for appointing the chairperson and members includes the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, and Leader of Opposition. Lokpal has inquiry and prosecution wings headed by Directors to investigate and prosecute corruption cases against public servants under its jurisdiction.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities outlines States' obligations to promote and protect the human rights of persons with disabilities. It recognizes that disability is an evolving concept, and that persons with disabilities should have equal rights and opportunities. States must adopt measures to eliminate discrimination, promote accessibility, support the rights and abilities of children with disabilities, and closely consult with organizations representing persons with disabilities. The Convention represents significant international progress for the rights and inclusion of persons living with disabilities.
This document outlines the empowerment of women as realizing their full potential through access to opportunities, resources, and decision making both inside and outside the home. The vision is a society where women can participate equally in all spheres of life and influence social change. The mission is to create an effective framework for developing policies, programs, and practices that ensure equal rights and opportunities for women in various aspects of life and governance.
Scope and Coverage of Industrial Employment(Standing Orders).pptxBhavukShokeen
The Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act, 1946 aims to regulate wages, working hours, holidays, and leaves in establishments with 10 or more employees. It provides for welfare schemes and dispute resolution mechanisms. The Act applies to factories, railways, and contractors' establishments with 100+ employees, but states can extend it to smaller operations. It sets standards for recruitment, termination, discipline, and leave. Amendments require employers to pay suspended employees 50-75% of their wages during domestic inquiries within strict timeframes.
Naxalism originated in 1967 in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal, when Charu Majumdar and Kaanu Sanyal led tribal people in an armed uprising against the government. It refers to Maoist rebels active in parts of central and eastern India, including Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. The government has attempted to curb Naxalism by creating a division to monitor the situation and countermeasures, and by improving road connectivity in affected areas.
unit-1 history
BA-LLB
CCSU
Problems of Indian societies during 19/20th century
Renaissance ,Cultural ,Social ,Political cause
In 19/20th Century Indian Society has facing lots of problems and lots of new changes adopted.
1 CASTE SYSTEM:-castes are rigid group in india cast characterized by heridity and transmission of life style ,,occupation , status but british formulate the system and change it according to the jobs appointment and senior jobs always grant to the christians & people belonging to the high class.
2 LACK OF EQUALITY :- There was gender based discrimination during british period there was also discrimination on religion basis they promote there christianity and did not support any of the group.
video link:- https://youtu.be/2T52I0y2o_k
The Right to Information Act (RTI Act) was enacted in 2005 to bring transparency and accountability to the working of public authorities in India. It grants citizens the right to access information held by public bodies, subject to certain exemptions. Key aspects of the RTI Act include designated Public Information Officers who are required to respond to information requests within 30 days, appeal processes for information rejections, and penalties for non-compliance. Citizens can use the RTI Act to obtain information from public authorities for a small fee.
The document summarizes the Legal Services Authority Act of 1987 in India. It discusses key provisions of the act including establishing legal aid clinics, criteria for providing legal aid based on socioeconomic status, and creating a hierarchy of legal bodies at the national, state, district and local levels. It also describes Lok Adalats, which are specialized courts established under the act to facilitate alternative dispute resolution. Lok Adalats have jurisdiction over pending and new cases up to 10 lakhs rupees and promote speedy and affordable justice through conciliation and settlement.
Electoral Bond in Simple Terms_Supreme court and SBI Saga.pdfNeha Inayatullah
Electoral bonds are financial instruments introduced in India in 2018 that allow anonymous donations to political parties. Donors can purchase bonds from the State Bank of India, which are then given to political parties. While intended to increase transparency in political funding, some argue the anonymity could enable secretive donations. Data shows the Bharatiya Janata Party received the highest total donation amount from 2019-2024, accounting for 24.32% of the total sum donated across all parties.
The National Commission for Women was established in 1992 under the National Commission Act of 1990. It was created to review constitutional safeguards for women and recommend legislative measures to protect women's rights. The Commission investigates matters relating to women's rights, examines existing safeguards, takes up cases of rights violations, and advises the government on policies affecting women. It is composed of a Chairperson and five members appointed by the central government.
WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS
Advocate Selvakumar
property advocates in Bangalore
advocates in Bangalore
For More: http://www.advocateselvakumar.com/index.html
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY ( IN DETAIL )Anuroop vs
The document summarizes the Directive Principles of State Policy outlined in the Constitution of India. It describes how the principles aim to establish a just social order and promote the welfare of citizens by securing adequate livelihoods, equal pay for equal work, protecting children and youth, and promoting village self-governance. However, the principles are not judicially enforceable but provide guidelines for policymaking.
The document discusses the evolution of bureaucracy and civil services under British rule in India from 1765 to 1947. It covers key developments such as:
1) The East India Company acquired administrative powers in 1765 and civil services were divided into covenanted and uncovenanted branches.
2) Reforms from the late 18th century aimed to professionalize civil services through institutions like Fort William College and open recruitment.
3) The 1858 Act established the Indian Civil Service through open competitive exams in London. Self-governance institutions also expanded gradually over time.
4) The civil services were centralized and hierarchical but decentralization efforts grew from the early 20th century onward through commissions and Acts.
Factories Act,1948 (6) Hazardous Process & Employment of Young PersonsMs. Shery Asthana
Section 41A: Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees
Section 41B: Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier
Section 41C: Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation to hazardous processes
Section 41D: Power of Central Government to appoint an Inquiry Committee
Section 41E: Emergency standards
Section 41F: Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances
Section 41G: Workers’ participation in safety management
Section 67:- Prohibition of Employment of Young Children
Section 68:- Non-Adult Workers to Carry Tokens
Section 69:- Certificate of Fitness
Section 70:- Effect of Certificate of Fitness Granted to Adolescent
Section 71:- Working hours for Children
Section 72:- Notice of Period of Work for Children
Section 73:- Register of Child Workers
Section 74:- Hours of work to Correspond with Notice Under Section 72 and Register Under Section 73
Section 75:- Power to Require Medical Examination
Section 76:- Power to Make Rules
Section 77:- Certain other provision of law not barred
This document provides an overview of the research methodology for a study on daughters' rights to property after the 2005 amendment to the Hindu Succession Act in India. The study will examine how effectively the amendment, which gave daughters the same rights to coparcenary property as sons, has been applied and the benefits daughters have gained. Primary data will be collected through surveys of courts and offices in Vadodara over 4 months in 2016. Secondary data will include legal documents and journals. The analysis and conclusions will evaluate the impact of the amendment on property partitions and daughters' ability to claim their legal rights to inheritance.
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
Presentation by Hemant Goswami on RTI and Human RIghts. This is part of the
talk delivered by Hemant Goswami in Punjab University Chandigarh on March 5,
2010.
The document discusses federalism in India. It provides examples of how power is divided between the central government and state governments in areas like legislation, taxation, and administration. It also notes that while states enjoy significant autonomy, some states like Jammu and Kashmir have additional special status and powers outlined in the constitution. The Supreme Court also acts as an umpire to resolve disputes between the central and state governments.
This document discusses the Right to Information Act (RTI Act) in India and its role in improving governance. It provides an outline of the key points covered, including the background and objective of the RTI Act, important sections of the act, the roles of stakeholders, how citizens can file RTI applications, examples of RTI activists' work, and two case studies related to the Supreme Court of India. The overall message is that while the RTI Act has helped increase transparency and accountability after seven years of implementation, it still has not been used to its full potential due to issues like lack of awareness, threats faced by activists, and political and bureaucratic resistance to transparency.
The document provides details about the composition and structure of Lokpal as established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. It states that Lokpal is a multi-member statutory body headed by a chairperson who is a former Chief Justice of India or Supreme Court judge. It can have a maximum of 8 members including at least 4 judicial members. The selection committee for appointing the chairperson and members includes the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, and Leader of Opposition. Lokpal has inquiry and prosecution wings headed by Directors to investigate and prosecute corruption cases against public servants under its jurisdiction.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities outlines States' obligations to promote and protect the human rights of persons with disabilities. It recognizes that disability is an evolving concept, and that persons with disabilities should have equal rights and opportunities. States must adopt measures to eliminate discrimination, promote accessibility, support the rights and abilities of children with disabilities, and closely consult with organizations representing persons with disabilities. The Convention represents significant international progress for the rights and inclusion of persons living with disabilities.
This document outlines the empowerment of women as realizing their full potential through access to opportunities, resources, and decision making both inside and outside the home. The vision is a society where women can participate equally in all spheres of life and influence social change. The mission is to create an effective framework for developing policies, programs, and practices that ensure equal rights and opportunities for women in various aspects of life and governance.
Scope and Coverage of Industrial Employment(Standing Orders).pptxBhavukShokeen
The Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act, 1946 aims to regulate wages, working hours, holidays, and leaves in establishments with 10 or more employees. It provides for welfare schemes and dispute resolution mechanisms. The Act applies to factories, railways, and contractors' establishments with 100+ employees, but states can extend it to smaller operations. It sets standards for recruitment, termination, discipline, and leave. Amendments require employers to pay suspended employees 50-75% of their wages during domestic inquiries within strict timeframes.
Naxalism originated in 1967 in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal, when Charu Majumdar and Kaanu Sanyal led tribal people in an armed uprising against the government. It refers to Maoist rebels active in parts of central and eastern India, including Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. The government has attempted to curb Naxalism by creating a division to monitor the situation and countermeasures, and by improving road connectivity in affected areas.
unit-1 history
BA-LLB
CCSU
Problems of Indian societies during 19/20th century
Renaissance ,Cultural ,Social ,Political cause
In 19/20th Century Indian Society has facing lots of problems and lots of new changes adopted.
1 CASTE SYSTEM:-castes are rigid group in india cast characterized by heridity and transmission of life style ,,occupation , status but british formulate the system and change it according to the jobs appointment and senior jobs always grant to the christians & people belonging to the high class.
2 LACK OF EQUALITY :- There was gender based discrimination during british period there was also discrimination on religion basis they promote there christianity and did not support any of the group.
video link:- https://youtu.be/2T52I0y2o_k
The Right to Information Act (RTI Act) was enacted in 2005 to bring transparency and accountability to the working of public authorities in India. It grants citizens the right to access information held by public bodies, subject to certain exemptions. Key aspects of the RTI Act include designated Public Information Officers who are required to respond to information requests within 30 days, appeal processes for information rejections, and penalties for non-compliance. Citizens can use the RTI Act to obtain information from public authorities for a small fee.
The document summarizes the Legal Services Authority Act of 1987 in India. It discusses key provisions of the act including establishing legal aid clinics, criteria for providing legal aid based on socioeconomic status, and creating a hierarchy of legal bodies at the national, state, district and local levels. It also describes Lok Adalats, which are specialized courts established under the act to facilitate alternative dispute resolution. Lok Adalats have jurisdiction over pending and new cases up to 10 lakhs rupees and promote speedy and affordable justice through conciliation and settlement.
Electoral Bond in Simple Terms_Supreme court and SBI Saga.pdfNeha Inayatullah
Electoral bonds are financial instruments introduced in India in 2018 that allow anonymous donations to political parties. Donors can purchase bonds from the State Bank of India, which are then given to political parties. While intended to increase transparency in political funding, some argue the anonymity could enable secretive donations. Data shows the Bharatiya Janata Party received the highest total donation amount from 2019-2024, accounting for 24.32% of the total sum donated across all parties.
The National Commission for Women was established in 1992 under the National Commission Act of 1990. It was created to review constitutional safeguards for women and recommend legislative measures to protect women's rights. The Commission investigates matters relating to women's rights, examines existing safeguards, takes up cases of rights violations, and advises the government on policies affecting women. It is composed of a Chairperson and five members appointed by the central government.
WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS
Advocate Selvakumar
property advocates in Bangalore
advocates in Bangalore
For More: http://www.advocateselvakumar.com/index.html
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY ( IN DETAIL )Anuroop vs
The document summarizes the Directive Principles of State Policy outlined in the Constitution of India. It describes how the principles aim to establish a just social order and promote the welfare of citizens by securing adequate livelihoods, equal pay for equal work, protecting children and youth, and promoting village self-governance. However, the principles are not judicially enforceable but provide guidelines for policymaking.
The document discusses the evolution of bureaucracy and civil services under British rule in India from 1765 to 1947. It covers key developments such as:
1) The East India Company acquired administrative powers in 1765 and civil services were divided into covenanted and uncovenanted branches.
2) Reforms from the late 18th century aimed to professionalize civil services through institutions like Fort William College and open recruitment.
3) The 1858 Act established the Indian Civil Service through open competitive exams in London. Self-governance institutions also expanded gradually over time.
4) The civil services were centralized and hierarchical but decentralization efforts grew from the early 20th century onward through commissions and Acts.
Factories Act,1948 (6) Hazardous Process & Employment of Young PersonsMs. Shery Asthana
Section 41A: Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees
Section 41B: Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier
Section 41C: Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation to hazardous processes
Section 41D: Power of Central Government to appoint an Inquiry Committee
Section 41E: Emergency standards
Section 41F: Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances
Section 41G: Workers’ participation in safety management
Section 67:- Prohibition of Employment of Young Children
Section 68:- Non-Adult Workers to Carry Tokens
Section 69:- Certificate of Fitness
Section 70:- Effect of Certificate of Fitness Granted to Adolescent
Section 71:- Working hours for Children
Section 72:- Notice of Period of Work for Children
Section 73:- Register of Child Workers
Section 74:- Hours of work to Correspond with Notice Under Section 72 and Register Under Section 73
Section 75:- Power to Require Medical Examination
Section 76:- Power to Make Rules
Section 77:- Certain other provision of law not barred
This document provides an overview of the research methodology for a study on daughters' rights to property after the 2005 amendment to the Hindu Succession Act in India. The study will examine how effectively the amendment, which gave daughters the same rights to coparcenary property as sons, has been applied and the benefits daughters have gained. Primary data will be collected through surveys of courts and offices in Vadodara over 4 months in 2016. Secondary data will include legal documents and journals. The analysis and conclusions will evaluate the impact of the amendment on property partitions and daughters' ability to claim their legal rights to inheritance.
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
The National Book Foundation has released its longlists for the 2015 National Book Awards across four categories: Fiction, Nonfiction, Poetry, and Children's Fiction. Each list contains 10 nominated works. The fiction nominees include seven novels and three short story collections that cover a wide range of topics from marriage and family to racism and sexuality. Some highlights among the fiction nominees are Lauren Groff's "Fates and Furies", a novel told from the perspectives of both members of a married couple, and Hanya Yanagihara's "A Little Life", which follows four friends in New York over many years.
The document summarizes pharmacy students' experiences providing medical care in four remote villages in Ecuador. In each village, the leading health concerns were identified. For example, in Cebadas the leading diagnosis was Pterygium (6.6%), while in Alao it was Pain/Arthritis (28.9%). Medications and educational interventions were provided based on the health needs in each community. The authors conclude that all villages lacked basic healthcare access and recommend bringing more supplies, especially sunglasses, and focusing more on patient education in future trips.
The Student Saver App shows the best deals near the user's location for clubs, pubs and cafes on a GPS map, and offers exclusive deals when the app is shown at certain places. It aims to help students and young people with busy lifestyles find good deals nearby, with a clean interface and exclusive deals to encourage more use. The app may offer a free one-month trial before charging around 50 cents per month for continued use.
When Ryan is captured by the monsterous Bassethoundra it is up to Odette and Porky to find and save him. Hope they can keep from waking the slumbering beast.
Este documento es una carta de Nela Martínez a los miembros del Partido Comunista del Ecuador (PCE) en la que (1) expresa la necesidad de reorganizar el partido para responder a los desafíos actuales planteados por la globalización, (2) argumenta que solo el socialismo puede lograr la soberanía y dignidad de Ecuador, y (3) propone una reunión futura para reorganizar el PCE.
Boulevardia is a 3-day music, food, and beer festival held in Kansas City's West Bottoms. This year's festival focused on sustainability and recycling efforts. Volunteers helped sort waste into proper bins and various organizations provided information about environmental initiatives. The festival featured over 40 musical acts on multiple stages. A variety of food trucks and vendors offered food, drinks, and souvenirs. Attendees enjoyed the music, beer, and atmosphere of the event.
CFBSA PowerPoint Presentation FINAL VERSIONFred Kass
The document outlines several potential frameworks for evaluating the Community Food Bank of Southern Arizona's feed the line programs and tracking outcomes over the long term. It discusses applying the RE-AIM framework which focuses on reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance. It also discusses a results-based accountability approach which starts with defining desired outcomes and works backward to identify programs and measures. Both approaches emphasize using data to drive decision making and involve partners. The document does not recommend one framework over the other.
Lista de verificação dos refeitórios ministério da saúdecatiasa
Este documento fornece uma lista de verificação para avaliar as condições higio-sanitárias de refeitórios. Contém 93 itens sobre infraestruturas, higiene, segurança, capacidade do espaço, equipamentos e procedimentos de controle de qualidade. O inspetor deve assinalar cada item como Cumprido, Não Cumprido ou Não Aplicável e fornecer observações. No final, deve fornecer uma apreciação global e recomendar medidas a serem implementadas para melhorar as condições.
Summary of Logistics and Supply Chain Management by Martin Christopher, Analy...Tanade Sirinumas
An Individual Assignment Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of 1210334 Global Economic Trends in Thailand Exporting and Service Course,
Mae Fah Luang University,
Second Semester, 2014
Twitter session at Kern on effective layouts inspired Geeta Bose to conduct and design this presentation.
The key learning from the Twitter session:
1. IDs must have skills in visualizing information.
2. Visual design skills mean basic understanding of the design laws and principles.
3. Graphic designers should also understand instructional design principles to add value to visual design.
4. Good IDs are like architects. Like architects they must know about building materials, where to use them etc along with creating a detailed blueprint.
4. Good IDs have better productivity
5. Good IDs must understand Gestalt’s Laws, Color Theory, Basic Typography, Laws of Composition, & Visual Hierarchy.
6. Good IDs must understand Typography: Readability, Legibility, Para Alignment, Leading, Indents, Widow & Orphans, Type Selection.
7. They must understand what is Affordance along with Visual Composition: Point and range of view, rhythm, harmony, balance, and contrast
TRADE RELATION BETWEEN INDIA AND AUSTRALIA IN GENERAL AND EXPORT OF GOLD FROM...IJCI JOURNAL
Recent years have seen remarkable growth in the trading relationship between India and Australia, fuelled by the many complementarities between the two economies. Over the past five years, bilateral trade in goods and services has increased by 24 per cent annually to US$16 billion in 2008-09. Two-way investment is also significant, estimated at over US$1.5 billion including portfolio investment in 2008. Against this backdrop, Australia and India agreed in April 2008 to undertake a feasibility study for a possible bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) to explore the scope for building an even stronger economic and trade relationship.1 The feasibility study shows that significant barriers to goods and services trade remain in both countries. An FTA between India and Australia would be expected to address tariff and non-tariff barriers. It would go beyond each country’s commitments in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and cover substantially all trade in goods. Services liberalisation would seek to remove barriers that impose additional costs on exporters and erode competitiveness. A possible FTA would be expected to have substantial services sector coverage. Australia-India investment flows are modest relative to bilateral trade, reflecting both regulatory and other impediments and, to some extent, a lack of awareness of business opportunities in the other country. A possible FTA may address this imbalance by removing – or reducing – existing restrictions in both foreign investment regimes. It could also focus on enhancing transparency and strengthening investment protection mechanisms. A comprehensive FTA offers scope to take the relationship to the next level to the mutual advantage of both economies. It could foster even stronger growth, including through more diverse trade and investment flows. Cooperation, capacity building and exchange of information on other issues such as the protection of intellectual property rights (covering all issues including TRIPS & CBD, and GIs inclusive of non-food GIs), SPS & TBT matters, competition policy and government procurement could also be considered during possible FTA negotiations. In order to make an assessment of the possible trade gains from the proposed FTA, independent economic modelling was commissioned in both the countries for the study. The results provide insights into how an FTA might impact on bilateral trade and investment flows as well as economic welfare. Economic modelling is necessarily based on certain assumptions and the results of the modelling for this study should be regarded as indicative rather than exact estimates. Different economic modelling methods, GTAP-CGE modelling and modelling based on an analysis of complementarily, were used in the study to estimate the welfare gains to both countries.
The rise of the global South is radically reshaping the world and is perhaps the most significant development of recent times. As one of the fastest growing economies, India has emerged as the seventh largest economy globally. Moreover, India’s 16-rung leap in the recently released Global Competitiveness ranking by the World Economic Forum points towards its sharp focus on improving competitiveness.
As India began to enhance its competitiveness journey and given the new direction of its economic and political diplomacy, it has signed FTAs with some of the most important economies like Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the ASEAN countries in the last few years. It is also in the process of negotiating comprehensive trade agreements with EU, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. It has made its presence felt in alliances like the G-20, IBA, and BRICS and has also deepened relations with the East Asian countries. All this points towards India’s growing integration into the Global Economy.
While Indian industry has adapted well to the changing global dynamics, it needs to work hard to integrate itself into the global value chains (GVCs) to boost its global trade, and the country’s economic development.
This edition of Policy Watch looks at some of the important issues that continue to impact the overall trade performance of India and highlights key policy interventions that need to be taken up on priority.
Impact of TICFA Agreement and Cancellation of GSP Scheme: A Case Study from B...inventionjournals
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India Thailand Trade relation by Dr. Aasim Hussain
1. SIT Journal of Management
ISSN: 3478-9123
India- Thailand Trade Relations:AnAssessment
Asim Husain, M. Afaq Khan
Abstract
India’s economic relations with Thailand are set to undergo major changes as the Indo Thai FTA has
come into force since 9 October 2003.As such this paper aims to describe the trade relation between
India and Thailand and to study the changes outcome after the signing of FTA. Thailand is a major
developing exporting country fromAsia .on theotherhand,India isconsolidating its position with strong
domestic and external demand The developing countries studied are making efforts to develop their
exports through different paths with direct and indirect influence of government through innovative
policies and trade liberalization programme.Thailand hasaimed to plug the gaps in the exports through
a focused investment promotion scheme. India is also making an effort to develop indigenous strategy
through giving focus in R&D and tightening the IPR regime. The study India Thailand trade assessment
related to export import scenario with respect to Free Trade Agreement focusing on overall trade
performanceof thesetwo countries .Also very less past research has tried to bring out these dimensions
insights into FTAs effect on overall trade volume performance. The paper is based on the review of the
existing literature on India Thailand Free trade agreement focusing on Indian Thailand overall trade
volume.FTA between Thailand and India has resulted in lowering of tariff of the specific components
mentioned in Early Harvest Scheme but whether it has really promoted overall trade between the two
countriesremainsa causeof concern. Which country has better trade effects? The study is based on the
secondary data and hence may not cover the latest trend of the industry.
Introduction:
India and Thailand share age-old bonds of cultural affinity, commercial interests and common
perceptionsonvariousissues.These geographicallyproximate neighborsneedtotake advantagesof the
conducive setting or the context that is provided by the history and geography between them for
mutually beneficial economic cooperation. Whether it is the economics of neighborhood or the
importance of cooperationinthe competitive global environmentthe economiclogicsuggeststhat both
the countries must strengthen their economic ties in the realms of trade, investment, technology and
humanresources.The complementaritiesondifferentdimensions need to be exploited so as to jointly
take advantage of the globalizationprocessinamore effective andWTO-consistentmanner.Inaneffort
to promote trade and investmentcooperationbetweenthe twocountries,aJointWorking Group (JWG)
was set up at the behest of the Prime Ministers of both the countries for getting a Feasibility Study
conductedonIndia-ThailandFTA.The FirstJWGMeetingwasheldinNew Delhi,India during April 2002.
At this meeting, the JWG adopted its Terms of Reference and finalized the broad structure of the
feasibilitystudy.The meetingalso agreed on a work program. The present study is the outcome of this
processEconomicrelation betweenThailandandIndia received another push when India and Thailand
2. signed a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement to enhance trade and investment ties
betweenthem.Asperagreement,the tariff concessions on 84 items of EHS (Early Harvest scheme) list
began from 1.9.2004 and have become zero for both sides from 1.9.2006. , it was expected to increase
the trade between the two countries. Thailand is India’s second largest source of foreign direct
investment, 3rd largest consumer of its merchandise exports and its largest trading partner among
ASEAN states.ForThailand,Indiaisone of itsfastestgrowingtradingpartners among major economies.
India and Thailand comprise a free trade agreement on trade of goods and services, a bilateral
agreement on investment promotion, protection and cooperation and an improved double taxation
avoidance agreement.ItalsoincludesMutual RecognitionAgreements on quality certification of goods
and services,liberalized visa rules for professionals, and undertakings to cooperate on several sectors
like customs,dispute settlement, intellectual property rights, education and e-commerce. CECA were
the first of its kind of trade agreement signed by India and has ushered in a new model for our future
bilateral and regional economic alliances.
Thoughit wasseenthat the previouslevel of India Thailand trade was low, it was increasing over time.
India’s total trade with Thailand has increased after the framework agreement for a free trade
agreement between the two countries was signed. Imports from Thailand have been increasing at a
faster rate than the increase in exports. India has enjoyed a trade surplus since 2002 - 03 to 2004 - 05
after which imports have been more predominant. Thailand’s import demands are high and India has
great capacityto meetexportsupplyforalarge numberof commodities of Thailand’s import demands.
Thailand’s Ratio of exports to GDP is 58.8 and Ratio of imports to GDP is 61.( 5ASEAN statistics as of 30
April 2008) Thailandalsoexperiencedthe severe financial crisisinlate nineties.Itseconomic growth fell
in negative to (-) 10.5% in 1998 from (-) 1.4% in 1997; the economic growth recovered to 4.4% in 1999
and 4.6% in 2000. (6ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, 2003; Table IV.2., pp 32.) Currently, India and Thailand
do Bilateral trade impressively in 2011 it was $8.19 billion, Indian government data shows, Thailand
Prime MinisterYingluck ShinawatrasaidIndia-Thailand trade had seen a quantum jump from $1 billion
to $7 billion in the last ten years, helped by „Early Harvest' pact, limited to 82 items. Thailand Prime
Minister Yingluck Shinawatra said that India and Thailand would work to double the bilateral trade to
around $14 billion by 2014 (the Hindu economics times 25,26 jan 2012). From Thailand’s side, the FTA
was advantageous such as providing a good destination for Thailand investors (India being one of the
fastest growing economies worldwide), opening up one of the world’s largest markets to its
manufacturers, and also to fill the chronic shortage of workers in the city-nation through India’s large
base of cost effective andskilledworkers(inITandotherprofessions).Somesectorsset to benefit from
FTA, management consulting, IT-related fields, education and financial services including banks and
asset management firms. , we are expected to gain considerably in the long term due to inclusion of
services into the FTA and investment commitments from Thailand. This paper examines the trade
relations between India and Thailand, focusing on cooperation in the areas of export and import
betweenthe twocountries. , Further, the paper also examines how much trade is increasing after this
FTA betweenIndiaandThailand.Whatneedstobe done more to strengthenthe trade relationbetween
India and Thailand?
3. Literature review:
Free trade generatesimmense competitivechallengesformostdevelopingcountries(Dhar,2008). Since
the mid-1990s, many studies have estimated the impacts of Free trade on economic growth,
employment,poverty,incomedistributionandthe survival of local firms. Nonetheless, the real impact
of Free trade on the global economy remains a much debated and controversial subject (Tambunan,
2011) .According to Falvey & Kim (1992) at an aggregate level, the broad benefits that are generated
from international Free trade reform include the following:
a) Improved resource allocation
b) Access to new and better technologies
c) Inputs and intermediate goods
d) Economies of scale and scope
e) Greater domestic competition
f) The availability of favorable growth externalities, such as the transfer of know-how.
According to Greenaway (1998), Free trade is the removal of tariff, or any other intervention which
restoresthe free trade setof relative prices,changesingovernmentpolicywhichreduceanti-exportbias
and move the relative prices of tradable towards neutrality; the substitution of more efficient for less
efficient forms of intervention. India represents compelling macroeconomic story, with potential to
sustain high economic growth rates. Some analysts are perhaps over-optimistic in projecting the
emergence of Indiaasthe thirdlargesteconomyin2003 dollarsbythe year2050, onlybehindChinaand
the US (Morgan Stanley,2003;Wilsonand Purushothaman, 2003).India’s domestic-led development is
consideredtobe sustainable,spawning several globally competitive firms (Khanna and Huang, 2003). A
consequence of India’sliberalizationandrapidgrowth is the growing involvement of Indian companies
abroad (Goswami, 2003; Merchant, 2004; Ramakrishnan, 2004). India’s GDP has been increasing over
the last fewdecades.It has recorded an annual average growth rate of above 5 percent approximately
duringthe lastdecade. However, its Gross National Income per capita which stood at around US Dollar
450 in year 2000 is considerably lower than Thailand’s Gross National Income per capita which was US
Dollar2000 inthe same year(WorldBank,2002).This has expanded India’s capacity to pursue its “Look
East” Policy initiated in the early 1990s with vigor (Sridharan, 1996).
A frameworkagreementforthe creationof a free trade area (FTA) with Thailand was signed in October
2003. Under this agreement, 84 items can be imported from Thailand from April 2004 at 50 % of the
normal rate of duty prevailinginIndia. Indiahasbeenengagedinnegotiationstoforma Comprehensive
EconomicCooperationAgreement(CECA)withSingapore.Sub-regional cooperation betweenIndia and
some of the ASEAN memberssuchasVietnam, Thailand,Myanmar,and Laos has alsoaccelerated(Gaur,
2003; Suryanarayana,2003).Indiais alsoan active participantinThailand’sinitiative, Asian Cooperation
Dialogue (ACD), which has representation from all parts of Asia. India has contributed US$ 1 billion to
another initiative by Thailand on the Asian Bond Fund (ABF) (Rajan, 2004)
4. Objectives
To examine the trade relations between India and Thailand.
To examine how much trade is increasing after FTA between India and Thailand.
To identify the effects on India’s other trading partners outside the FTA.
India-Thailand Trade Relation:
An Overviewbefore and after Free Trade Agreement(FTA) Indiahas trade relation with Thailand since
independence.Thailandisanimportanttradingpartnerof India.Thailandranked20th intermsof India’s
exports(during2000) while itsrankwas24th in termsof India’s import basket. The amount of India’s
total exportstoThailand,in1999, amountedtoUS $547 millionwhile the correspondingvalue of India’s
importsfromThailandwasUS$ 622 million.India’strade (around1 per cent) with Thailand accounts for
a modest proportion of India’s total global trade and the same is true from Thailand’s point of view as
well. India’s exports to Thailand (as a proportion of India’s total global exports) have
Table 1: India’s Export and Import with Thailand 1980-2000 (In million US $)
Decreased between the periods 1995-1998 but have increasing trend afterwards. But India’s imports
fromThailand(asa proportionof India’stotal imports) have consistentlyincreasedduring1990s (except
during1994). The level of India’s exports to Thailand was higher than the level of India’s imports from
Thailand till 1998. It shows that India always had significant trade surplus with Thailand, but in 1999
equationwasreversed.Intermsof Thailand’s global exports (and global imports) by countries, India’s
share more or less has increased during the 1990s although India is not an important market for
Thailand, the latter integration with India has been increasing overtime. India has been one of the
6. Trade Over view After Free Trade Agreement It was disclosed that India was Thailand’s 17th largest
tradingpartnerand the 11th largestexportdestinationin2010. In additionlastyear,India’sDepartment
of Commerce listedThailandasthe 28th largest tradingpartnerof India, with trade valued at 6.7 billion
US dollars.
Fig. 3 reflect that the average rate of growth of export to Thailand from period 2006-07 to 2010- 2011
had 20.64 percent while the average rate of growth of import to Thailand had25.82 percent over the
same period. The average growth of total trade with Thailand had 23.38 percent which shows the
increasing trend. Export - Import Analysis India is one of Thailand’s fastest growing trade partners
amongmajor economies.Withthe initiation of FTA, there has been a significant growth in trade flows
betweenthe twocountries. IndiawasThailand’s17thlargesttradingpartnerandthe 11th largestexport
destination in 2010. Since the Thailand-India Free Trade Agreement Framework was concluded in
October2004, bilateral trade betweenthemhastripled.However,The amountof India’stotal exportsto
Thailand,in2004 — 05, amountedtoUS $ 0.90 billionwhilethe corresponding value of India’s imports
from Thailand was US .$ 0.87 billion. By 2008 — 09, the exports have crossed over US $ 1.9 billion and
imports over US $ 2.7 billion. Following Tables and Chart show the recent trend in Indo — Thailand
7. trade. Thus, an overall trend in the growth of exports and imports between India and Thailand shows
that the growthin bothexportsandimportshasbeenat fasterrate afterthe frameworkagreement was
signed between the two nations.
Thoughit isseenthat the presentlevel of India — Thailandtrade islow,itis increasingovertime.India’s
total trade with Thailand has increased especially since 2003 — 04 during which the framework
agreement for a free trade agreement between the two countries was signed. Imports from Thailand
have beenincreasingata fasterrate than the increase inexports.Indiahasenjoyedatrade surplussince
2004— 05 afterwhichimportshave been more predominant. Thailand’s import demands are high and
Indiahas greatcapacity to meetexportsupplyfora large number of commodities of Thailand’s import
8. demands. Thailand’s Ratio of exports to GDP is 58.8 and Ratio of imports to GDP is 61.5. Thailand also
experiencedthe severe financialcrisisinlate nineties.Itseconomicgrowthfell innegative to(-) 10.5%in
1998 from (-) 1.4% in 1997; the economic growth recovered to 4.4% in 1999 and 4.6% in 2000.6. Fig. 4
showingthe India’sexportandimportwithThailand. During 2003-04 export increased from US $ 831.68
million to 2792.80 in 2010-11 .This was largely due to trade openness, reduction in tariff and more
openness to foreign investment and FTA agreement between the two countries. However, on the
import side, during 2003-04 the import increases from US $ 609.65 million to 4272.09 million I US $ n
2010-11.
9. Fig6 clearlyindicate thatinthe earlierperiodthe ratio between export and import is higher as the FTA
progressitbecome to 0.65 increasing.Thismaybe the reasonThailand investing more in India vis-a-vis
India importing more than the exports.
Fig. 7 explores the trade deficit between the two countries. Although, in 2004-05 export increased by
16.94 percent, but rise in import by 60.75 percent resulted in the trade surplus to be of the order of
222.03 US million $. This situation become fall down and India import much more than it exports to
Thailand shows the continue trade deficit.
10. The above table reflects that Thailand is Indi Major source of export and imports in ASEAN. India’s
exports to Thailand, however, appear to be entering a phase of moderate growth. During the period
2006-07 and 2007-08 the rate of growth of to Thailand increased by 25.27 percent while during the last
two years that is ,2008-09 and 2009-10 the annual rate of growth of Indian exports (in US$ value) to
Thailand showed a declining trend. From the high rate of growth Indian exports to Thailand shows a
decline trend and became 10.22 percent of negative growth rate in 2009-10. It is difficult to say at this
juncture whether the declining growth trend for Indian exports to Thailand will perpetuate in the
medium term. However, compared to the other ASEAN countries, Thailand is also a leading source of
India’simportfollowed closelyby Indonesiaand Singapore It is interesting to note that, while Thailand
isfaraheadof otherASEAN countriesasa marketfor India’sexports,assourcesforIndia’simports,ithas
close competition from within ASEAN. This is clearly reflected in India’s import data. India’s import to
Thailand was 31.65 percent in the year 2006-07 which decline to 17.51 percent in the year 2007-08 and
further recorded a declining growth rate to 8.42 percent. Recent Developments and Some Important
Issues in Reference to Thailand India and Thailand have already cut duties on 82 products, including
fruits, vegetables, wheat, diamonds and some metals, under a framework agreement that came into
operationinSeptember2004. Indiaand Thailandare aimingtoabolishdutieson goods traded between
11. the two countriesby2010. Thailand,which used to run a deficit in its trade with India, has registered a
US $ 140 milliontrade surplusin2005 — 06, evenbefore tariffs on 82 items covered under the scheme
were brought to zero. According to government sources, Thailand wants greater market access in
natural rubber,beingamajor exporterof the product.However,natural rubber is expected to be a part
of India’s negative list. In the negotiations of goods, India has agreed to eliminate tariff on more than
4000 products in a phased manner, while 500 others will be in the sensitive list, which will see partial
duty cuts, over a period of time. Nearly 500 other items in the negative list will not be subject to any
tariff cut, so as to protect the interests of the domestic industry.
Overall, the balance of trade has tilted in favor of Thailand with India’s exports growing at an average of
26% for the past three years since 2004 — 05 till 2007 — 08 and Indian imports growing at 38% during
this period. India needs to improve the quality of infrastructure facilities with a view to become more
competitive vis-a-vis imports from Thailand. High rates of taxes and duties, low labor. Productivity and
procedural complexities are impacting the competitiveness of Indian industries. Indian business can also
take the advantage of Thailand’s liberal attitude towards foreign investment as the Thai government
recognizes the important contribution of foreign investment to the domestic economy. Thailand has
sought more Indian investment in IT and pharmaceuticals — the two areas in which India has proven
expertise. India and Thailand have injected a new vigor into their bilateral trade in recent years, with
bilateral trade increasing six-fold over the past decade. The current bilateral trade figure of $7.5 billion is
itself set to double by 2015.
Conclusion:
This paper indicates that the pattern of trade between India and Thailand has shown sign of a
change after signing the FTA. At present, India’s imports from world are US$ 50434 million as
compared to Thailand’s imports of around US$ 56915 million .Both these countries have
captured a Small market of each other. There is lot of scope that exploring FTA will lead to
significant increase in bilateral trade between India and Thailand. It should be remembered that
the present level of India-Thailand trade is low, but is increasing overtime. This increase has
been noticed particularly in India’s imports from Thailand. Consequently, the trade gap, which
has traditionally been heavily in India’s favor, has reduced considerably. Thailand’s import
demands are quite high and India will be able to meet export supply for a large number of
commodities of Thailand’s import demands. The present level of Thailand’s imports from India
is small; hence India will be able to capture a large portion of Thailand’s market for these
commodities. Thailand is relatively a more open economy than India.
Although Thailand is an important trading partner of India, The amount of India’s total exports
to Thailand during 2000 was US$ 547 million, while the corresponding amount of India’s
imports from Thailand was US$ 622 million, resulting in a trade deficit of US$ 75 million.
In earlier years, India had had consistent trade surplus with Thailand. India’s imports from
Thailand have been shown more or less an increasing trend -both in terms of value as well as
percentage share (of its global imports). Almost similar trend has been noticed for India’s
exports to Thailand. The above analysis also indicates that since 2004-05, India has had a
negative trade balance with Thailand,. However, with export growth falling and import growth
rising, the trade balance is likely to become negative. A negative trade balance might have
implications for India’s overall trade balance and the current account of its balance of
12. payments. Further it is also clear from the above discussion that the changing pattern of trade
between India and Thailand might be result of the FTA. But it is too early to comment on FTA
lets time to grow it and will see the actual impact in the future. Therefore its clear from above
assessment Thailand became an ideal trading partner for India to liberalize its economy and
sought to integrate itself into the global economy. Conversely, Thailand recognized India’s
enormous economic potential and eagerly engaged with India.