Many factors can affect employability in Vocational High School students, including independence and disciplinary factors. This study aims to determine the role of independence and discipline towards student employability. As many as 225 students of class XII Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia participated in this study. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. The research method used is a quantitative method with employability scale, independence scale, and discipline scale as a data collection tool. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The findings show that there is a very significant effect between independence and discipline on employability. Partially, there is a very significant influence between independence towards student employability, and there is a very significant influence between discipline on employability. The role of discipline towards employability is more dominant than independence to employability in Vocational High School students.
The employability of students in vocational high schools is a major concern that must be considered. Employability as the ability and skills that will make it easier for individuals to get a job. Future orientation is one of the factors that can affect employability. This study aims to test the role of future orientation on student employability empirically. The population in this study were all students of class XII at Vocational High School Piri 1 Yogyakarta, totaling 150 students. The sample in this study amounted to 58 students and selected using cluster random sampling techniques. The research method used is a quantitative method with a scale of employability and a scale of future orientation. Analysis of the data used in this study is the productmoment analysis technique. The results of data analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between future orientation towards employability with r = 0.636 and significance level (p) = 0.000 (p < 0.01). Future orientation contributes 40.5% to employability, and the remaining 59.5% is influenced by other variables.
Contribution of Competence Teacher (Pedagogical, Personality, Professional Co...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of students from high school, who are the current generation Z, about the accounting profession. This study uses questionnaires that are shared online with data processing using factor analysis and one way ANOVA different tests. The comparison test was done between indicators of grade, major, school type, as well as variables, which include structure, precision, solitary, interest, and remaining variables. The interest in the accounting profession is found in social students (from high schools) and business administration students (from vocational schools). Other results also show that students in Private Vocational and Public High Schools have the most significant potential to be interested in the accounting profession. This research is limited to different test methods. Future studies can conduct a causal analysis of the factors that influence the choice of students in choosing the accounting profession. This research contributes to the investigation of students' perceptions of the accounting profession, which was conducted for the first time in Indonesia, especially in secondary schools in East Java.
The previous research result showed that the learning model based on the investigation could increase the students’ critical thinking skills. The aim of this research was to measure the effectiveness of the using of problem-based learning model to increase the students’ critical thinking skills. The research design was quasi-experiment by using post-test only design. The population of this research was the eleventh grade students of science which contained 124 students of SMAN 6 and SMAN 7 Kupang that were chosen randomly. The treatment that was given in this research was problem-based learning model for the experiment class and conventional model for the control class whereas the given materials were the reaction rate. The instrument that was used in this research previously validated by two experts of theory and material. The result of this research showed that the students who studied in experiment class had different critical thinking skills better that the students who studied using conventional model.
: Stress is an individual’s response to a disturbing factor in the environment, and the consequence of
such reaction. Stress obviously involves interaction of the person and environment. Teaching profession was
once viewed as the low stressed occupation in the world. Teachers were enjoying their profession due to the
freedom they had to implement their plans in their profession. They had enough time to prepare themselves to
handle the lessons
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
The employability of students in vocational high schools is a major concern that must be considered. Employability as the ability and skills that will make it easier for individuals to get a job. Future orientation is one of the factors that can affect employability. This study aims to test the role of future orientation on student employability empirically. The population in this study were all students of class XII at Vocational High School Piri 1 Yogyakarta, totaling 150 students. The sample in this study amounted to 58 students and selected using cluster random sampling techniques. The research method used is a quantitative method with a scale of employability and a scale of future orientation. Analysis of the data used in this study is the productmoment analysis technique. The results of data analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between future orientation towards employability with r = 0.636 and significance level (p) = 0.000 (p < 0.01). Future orientation contributes 40.5% to employability, and the remaining 59.5% is influenced by other variables.
Contribution of Competence Teacher (Pedagogical, Personality, Professional Co...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of students from high school, who are the current generation Z, about the accounting profession. This study uses questionnaires that are shared online with data processing using factor analysis and one way ANOVA different tests. The comparison test was done between indicators of grade, major, school type, as well as variables, which include structure, precision, solitary, interest, and remaining variables. The interest in the accounting profession is found in social students (from high schools) and business administration students (from vocational schools). Other results also show that students in Private Vocational and Public High Schools have the most significant potential to be interested in the accounting profession. This research is limited to different test methods. Future studies can conduct a causal analysis of the factors that influence the choice of students in choosing the accounting profession. This research contributes to the investigation of students' perceptions of the accounting profession, which was conducted for the first time in Indonesia, especially in secondary schools in East Java.
The previous research result showed that the learning model based on the investigation could increase the students’ critical thinking skills. The aim of this research was to measure the effectiveness of the using of problem-based learning model to increase the students’ critical thinking skills. The research design was quasi-experiment by using post-test only design. The population of this research was the eleventh grade students of science which contained 124 students of SMAN 6 and SMAN 7 Kupang that were chosen randomly. The treatment that was given in this research was problem-based learning model for the experiment class and conventional model for the control class whereas the given materials were the reaction rate. The instrument that was used in this research previously validated by two experts of theory and material. The result of this research showed that the students who studied in experiment class had different critical thinking skills better that the students who studied using conventional model.
: Stress is an individual’s response to a disturbing factor in the environment, and the consequence of
such reaction. Stress obviously involves interaction of the person and environment. Teaching profession was
once viewed as the low stressed occupation in the world. Teachers were enjoying their profession due to the
freedom they had to implement their plans in their profession. They had enough time to prepare themselves to
handle the lessons
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
A high rate of teacher absenteeism in Merauke regency, Papua Province, Indonesia might be attributed to the low commitment of primary school teachers to educate the young people of Merauke, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine whether a positive and significant correlation exists between the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the Catholic primary school teachers of Merauke, Indonesia. Applying a survey approach, two quantitative survey forms were distributed to a total of 157 teachers working in the Catholic primary schools of Merauke, Indonesia. A face-toface way of data collection was employed by having a prior consent from all the informants personally. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis as a tool for analyzing the collected data, the study showed a positive and significant correlation among the two surveyed variables as the amount of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) is .875 and the probability coefficient (ρ) is .000. The major conclusion of this study is that the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the Catholic primary school teachers of Merauke, Indonesia, are significantly positively correlated. Practical implication of the finding is that the need for the school principals to promote the organizational commitment of teachers by enhancing their job satisfaction in order that the Catholic primary school students’ right to be well educated would be addressed adequately. Despite the possibility of the similar conclusion of this study with the previous studies conducting in other countries, the finding may support the current knowledge on the topic by giving a valuable information from an empirical context of Merauke, Indonesia.
The aims of this research were to find the effect of Academic Supervision of School Principal and Work Motivation toward Teacher’s Performance of Bussines and Management Group State’s and Private’s Vocational High School in Depok City directly or indirectly. The population of this research was Bussines and Management teachers in Depok City amounting to 384 people. The sample in this research amounted to 80 people. The sampling method was done by using proportionate random sampling. Data collection is done by filling questionaires. Analysis of the data used is path analysis. Data processing is performed with IBM SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. The results showed that there is significant influence between Academic Supervision of School Principal to Work Motivation (1), Academic Supervision of School Principal to Teacher’s Performance (2), and Work Motivation to Teacher’s Performance (3). Totally, the magnitude of the effect is known 68,39 % directly and indirectly, while the remaining 37,10% is influenced by other factors not examined in of this research.
SCHOOL CLIMATE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORijejournal
This study looks at some significant variables in Adventist schools in relation to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study is designed to address the problem, “To what extent does the school climate relate to the OCB of the teachers?” The study seeks to provide a better theoretical understanding of OCB in Adventist schools in Kenya. One of the elements that enhance the performance of an organization is the OCB of its workers. Although OCB is important, little is known about the factors contributing to willingness of teachers going an extra mile in their workplace. The respondents were 170 teachers from Adventist schools in Kenya. The teachers responded to 2 instruments along with demographic variables.These were the Organizational Climate Index and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale.
Examining the Effect of Role Conflict and Job Stress on Turnover Intention am...inventionjournals
The study aims to trace the impact of role conflict and job stress on Turnover intention of teachers working in the private schools in Vellore district. ‘Turnover intention’ is defined as an employee’s intention to voluntarily change the jobs or companies. Employee’s opinion on the role conflict and job stress on the Turnover intentions is analyzed through the various test methods. The selected research design is descriptive in nature and the sample size is 150 teachers. The universe of the study confines to teachers working in the private schools in Vellore district. Convenient sampling method is used for this study. Primary data is collected using the structured questionnaire and Secondary data are collected through the manuscripts of previous research works, journals, websites, etc. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of role conflict and job stress on the turnover intention.
The Influence Of Individual Characteristics And Job Characteristics On Vocati...iosrjce
This study explores the relationship between individual characteristics, job characteristics with job
satisfaction of teachers in vocational schools at the Province of North Sumatera, Indonesia. The sample size of
this study was obtained using the proportional random sampling which further resulting a total number of 166
teachers who were found having the expected qualification in Mechanical Engineering subject. The hypotheses
tests based on the path analysis on the research model revealed that individual characteristics and job
characteristics. The results showed that : 1) Individual characteristics directly affect the job satisfaction of
vocational teachers in North Sumatra, and 2). Job characteristics directly affect the job satisfaction of teachers
of vocational schools in North Sumatra.
Employability is an important factor that can determine the quality of prospective graduates, especially in vocational high schools. Therefore, vocational high schools, as one of the educational institutions that prepare workforce resources, need to pay attention to factors that can increase their students' employability. This study aims to empirically examine the role of self-efficacy and the peer interaction on student employability. The subjects of this study were 132 students at Vocational High School Muhammadiyah Prambanan. The data were collected through an employability scale, a self-efficacy scale, and a peer interaction scale. The data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that: 1) Simultaneously, there was a very significant role that self-efficacy and peer interaction have on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 2) Partially, there was also a very significant role that self-efficacy has on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 3) Peer interaction also had a partially significant role on employability with p=0.001 (p<0.01). Both self-efficacy and peer interaction simultaneously contributed 40.8% to employability, but self-efficacy had a more dominant role (26.7%) than peer interactions (14.1%).
Motivation to learn is one of the factors that can play a role in determining student employability. This study aimed to empirically test the role of motivation to learn on student employability. The population in this study were all grade twelve students in Vocational High School 1 Dlingo Bantul Yogyakarta, which is as many as 110 students. The sample in this study was 54 grade twelve students of Vocational High School 1 Dlingo Bantul, which consisted of two classes namely fashion and wood craft classes. The selection of the research sample was made by randomization using the cluster random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by using the employability scale and motivation to learn scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson product-moment analysis technique. The analysis result shows that the magnitude of the correlation coefficient (r) between motivation to learn and employability was 0.747, p = 0.000 (p < 0.01). This finding indicates that there is a very significant positive correlation between motivation to learn and student employability. Motivation to learn contributes as large as 55.8 percent of employability. Thus, motivation to learn does contribute to explaining the level of employability of Vocational High School students.
Vocational high schools aim to create graduates who are ready to work, but in reality, many graduates are not ready to work at this time. Low employability is the main problem. This study aims to design and test a theoretical model of the effect of entrepreneurial readiness, adversity quotient, and social intelligence on employability in vocational high school students. The population of this study was students of class XII vocational high school "X" in Moyudan, Sleman, which consisted of 209 students. The sample in this study was 68 students selected by cluster random sampling technique. The data collection method used employability scales, entrepreneurial readiness scales, adversity quotient scales, and social intelligence scales. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) through the Smart Partial Least Square 3.3.9 program. The results of this study are the formation of a model of the influence of entrepreneurial readiness, adversity quotient, and social intelligence on employability that is appropriate (fit) with empirical data. The adversity quotient has a positive and very significant effect on employability, while entrepreneurship readiness and social intelligence have no impact on employability. This model can be used as a valid reference in developing employability variables.
This study aims to empirically examine the effect of self-efficacy on students' work readiness. The subjects in this study were students of class XII of State Vocational High School 1 Seyegan totalling 174 students which were obtained by cluster random sampling. The research method used is a quantitative method with work readiness scale and self-efficacy scale. Analysis of the data used in this study is a simple regression analysis technique. The results of data analysis showed a very significant effect of self-efficacy on work readiness, with the F test, namely: 22.768, with a significance level (p) of 0.000 (p <0.01). The contribution of the effect of self-efficacy of 11.2% on work readiness and the remaining 88.8% was influenced by other factors outside the variables studied. It means that students’ self-efficacy can predict their work readiness.
This research aimed to find out whether or not there is an effect of Learning Infrastructure (LI) and Learning Motivation (LM) on Economics Learning Achievement (ELA), and which one has more dominant effect on Learning Achievement, Learning Infrastructure or Learning Motivation. This study was a descriptive quantitative research with survey method. The data of LI, LM and ELA were collected using questionnaire. The population of research consisted of 1192 economics students in Public Senior High Schools of Serdang Bedagai Regency applying the 2013 curriculum. The sample consisted of 300 respondents, taken using cluster areas sampling technique. From the result of research, it can be found that there was a positive significant effect of LI on ELA (tstatistic=9.597, P = 0.000), there was a positive significant effect of LM on ELA (tstatistic=6.990, P=0.000), there was a positive and significant effect of LI and LM on ELA (Fstatistic=114.281, P=0.000), and LI affected ELA more dominantly than LM did.
Employee job satisfaction is an important factor that can determine
organizational productivity, and organizations need to pay attention to this
pivotal aspect. This study aimed to empirically examine the role of
transformational leadership styles and employability on employee job
satisfaction. The participants of this study are 49 university teachers at the
University of X Yogyakarta. The sampling is randomly chosen using a
simple random sampling technique. In addition, data are collected using the
scale of job satisfaction, the scale of transformational leadership style, and
scale of employability. The data are then analyzed using multiple linear
regression techniques. The results showed that 1) Simultaneously,
transformational leadership style and employability provide a very
significant role in influencing job satisfaction with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 2)
Partially transformational leadership style provide a significant role on job
satisfaction with p=0.019 (p<0.05); 3) Partially there was a very significant
role of employability on job satisfaction with p=0.000 (p<0.01).
Transformational leadership style and employability contribute 52.5% to job
satisfaction. Employability contributed more dominantly to job satisfaction
(35.8%) than the transformational leadership style (16.7%).
A high rate of teacher absenteeism in Merauke regency, Papua Province, Indonesia might be attributed to the low commitment of primary school teachers to educate the young people of Merauke, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine whether a positive and significant correlation exists between the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the Catholic primary school teachers of Merauke, Indonesia. Applying a survey approach, two quantitative survey forms were distributed to a total of 157 teachers working in the Catholic primary schools of Merauke, Indonesia. A face-toface way of data collection was employed by having a prior consent from all the informants personally. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis as a tool for analyzing the collected data, the study showed a positive and significant correlation among the two surveyed variables as the amount of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) is .875 and the probability coefficient (ρ) is .000. The major conclusion of this study is that the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the Catholic primary school teachers of Merauke, Indonesia, are significantly positively correlated. Practical implication of the finding is that the need for the school principals to promote the organizational commitment of teachers by enhancing their job satisfaction in order that the Catholic primary school students’ right to be well educated would be addressed adequately. Despite the possibility of the similar conclusion of this study with the previous studies conducting in other countries, the finding may support the current knowledge on the topic by giving a valuable information from an empirical context of Merauke, Indonesia.
The aims of this research were to find the effect of Academic Supervision of School Principal and Work Motivation toward Teacher’s Performance of Bussines and Management Group State’s and Private’s Vocational High School in Depok City directly or indirectly. The population of this research was Bussines and Management teachers in Depok City amounting to 384 people. The sample in this research amounted to 80 people. The sampling method was done by using proportionate random sampling. Data collection is done by filling questionaires. Analysis of the data used is path analysis. Data processing is performed with IBM SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. The results showed that there is significant influence between Academic Supervision of School Principal to Work Motivation (1), Academic Supervision of School Principal to Teacher’s Performance (2), and Work Motivation to Teacher’s Performance (3). Totally, the magnitude of the effect is known 68,39 % directly and indirectly, while the remaining 37,10% is influenced by other factors not examined in of this research.
SCHOOL CLIMATE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORijejournal
This study looks at some significant variables in Adventist schools in relation to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study is designed to address the problem, “To what extent does the school climate relate to the OCB of the teachers?” The study seeks to provide a better theoretical understanding of OCB in Adventist schools in Kenya. One of the elements that enhance the performance of an organization is the OCB of its workers. Although OCB is important, little is known about the factors contributing to willingness of teachers going an extra mile in their workplace. The respondents were 170 teachers from Adventist schools in Kenya. The teachers responded to 2 instruments along with demographic variables.These were the Organizational Climate Index and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale.
Examining the Effect of Role Conflict and Job Stress on Turnover Intention am...inventionjournals
The study aims to trace the impact of role conflict and job stress on Turnover intention of teachers working in the private schools in Vellore district. ‘Turnover intention’ is defined as an employee’s intention to voluntarily change the jobs or companies. Employee’s opinion on the role conflict and job stress on the Turnover intentions is analyzed through the various test methods. The selected research design is descriptive in nature and the sample size is 150 teachers. The universe of the study confines to teachers working in the private schools in Vellore district. Convenient sampling method is used for this study. Primary data is collected using the structured questionnaire and Secondary data are collected through the manuscripts of previous research works, journals, websites, etc. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of role conflict and job stress on the turnover intention.
The Influence Of Individual Characteristics And Job Characteristics On Vocati...iosrjce
This study explores the relationship between individual characteristics, job characteristics with job
satisfaction of teachers in vocational schools at the Province of North Sumatera, Indonesia. The sample size of
this study was obtained using the proportional random sampling which further resulting a total number of 166
teachers who were found having the expected qualification in Mechanical Engineering subject. The hypotheses
tests based on the path analysis on the research model revealed that individual characteristics and job
characteristics. The results showed that : 1) Individual characteristics directly affect the job satisfaction of
vocational teachers in North Sumatra, and 2). Job characteristics directly affect the job satisfaction of teachers
of vocational schools in North Sumatra.
Employability is an important factor that can determine the quality of prospective graduates, especially in vocational high schools. Therefore, vocational high schools, as one of the educational institutions that prepare workforce resources, need to pay attention to factors that can increase their students' employability. This study aims to empirically examine the role of self-efficacy and the peer interaction on student employability. The subjects of this study were 132 students at Vocational High School Muhammadiyah Prambanan. The data were collected through an employability scale, a self-efficacy scale, and a peer interaction scale. The data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that: 1) Simultaneously, there was a very significant role that self-efficacy and peer interaction have on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 2) Partially, there was also a very significant role that self-efficacy has on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 3) Peer interaction also had a partially significant role on employability with p=0.001 (p<0.01). Both self-efficacy and peer interaction simultaneously contributed 40.8% to employability, but self-efficacy had a more dominant role (26.7%) than peer interactions (14.1%).
Motivation to learn is one of the factors that can play a role in determining student employability. This study aimed to empirically test the role of motivation to learn on student employability. The population in this study were all grade twelve students in Vocational High School 1 Dlingo Bantul Yogyakarta, which is as many as 110 students. The sample in this study was 54 grade twelve students of Vocational High School 1 Dlingo Bantul, which consisted of two classes namely fashion and wood craft classes. The selection of the research sample was made by randomization using the cluster random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by using the employability scale and motivation to learn scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson product-moment analysis technique. The analysis result shows that the magnitude of the correlation coefficient (r) between motivation to learn and employability was 0.747, p = 0.000 (p < 0.01). This finding indicates that there is a very significant positive correlation between motivation to learn and student employability. Motivation to learn contributes as large as 55.8 percent of employability. Thus, motivation to learn does contribute to explaining the level of employability of Vocational High School students.
Vocational high schools aim to create graduates who are ready to work, but in reality, many graduates are not ready to work at this time. Low employability is the main problem. This study aims to design and test a theoretical model of the effect of entrepreneurial readiness, adversity quotient, and social intelligence on employability in vocational high school students. The population of this study was students of class XII vocational high school "X" in Moyudan, Sleman, which consisted of 209 students. The sample in this study was 68 students selected by cluster random sampling technique. The data collection method used employability scales, entrepreneurial readiness scales, adversity quotient scales, and social intelligence scales. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) through the Smart Partial Least Square 3.3.9 program. The results of this study are the formation of a model of the influence of entrepreneurial readiness, adversity quotient, and social intelligence on employability that is appropriate (fit) with empirical data. The adversity quotient has a positive and very significant effect on employability, while entrepreneurship readiness and social intelligence have no impact on employability. This model can be used as a valid reference in developing employability variables.
This study aims to empirically examine the effect of self-efficacy on students' work readiness. The subjects in this study were students of class XII of State Vocational High School 1 Seyegan totalling 174 students which were obtained by cluster random sampling. The research method used is a quantitative method with work readiness scale and self-efficacy scale. Analysis of the data used in this study is a simple regression analysis technique. The results of data analysis showed a very significant effect of self-efficacy on work readiness, with the F test, namely: 22.768, with a significance level (p) of 0.000 (p <0.01). The contribution of the effect of self-efficacy of 11.2% on work readiness and the remaining 88.8% was influenced by other factors outside the variables studied. It means that students’ self-efficacy can predict their work readiness.
This research aimed to find out whether or not there is an effect of Learning Infrastructure (LI) and Learning Motivation (LM) on Economics Learning Achievement (ELA), and which one has more dominant effect on Learning Achievement, Learning Infrastructure or Learning Motivation. This study was a descriptive quantitative research with survey method. The data of LI, LM and ELA were collected using questionnaire. The population of research consisted of 1192 economics students in Public Senior High Schools of Serdang Bedagai Regency applying the 2013 curriculum. The sample consisted of 300 respondents, taken using cluster areas sampling technique. From the result of research, it can be found that there was a positive significant effect of LI on ELA (tstatistic=9.597, P = 0.000), there was a positive significant effect of LM on ELA (tstatistic=6.990, P=0.000), there was a positive and significant effect of LI and LM on ELA (Fstatistic=114.281, P=0.000), and LI affected ELA more dominantly than LM did.
Employee job satisfaction is an important factor that can determine
organizational productivity, and organizations need to pay attention to this
pivotal aspect. This study aimed to empirically examine the role of
transformational leadership styles and employability on employee job
satisfaction. The participants of this study are 49 university teachers at the
University of X Yogyakarta. The sampling is randomly chosen using a
simple random sampling technique. In addition, data are collected using the
scale of job satisfaction, the scale of transformational leadership style, and
scale of employability. The data are then analyzed using multiple linear
regression techniques. The results showed that 1) Simultaneously,
transformational leadership style and employability provide a very
significant role in influencing job satisfaction with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 2)
Partially transformational leadership style provide a significant role on job
satisfaction with p=0.019 (p<0.05); 3) Partially there was a very significant
role of employability on job satisfaction with p=0.000 (p<0.01).
Transformational leadership style and employability contribute 52.5% to job
satisfaction. Employability contributed more dominantly to job satisfaction
(35.8%) than the transformational leadership style (16.7%).
Education is one of many factors that has the biggest impact toward
unemployment rate due to the fact that there are mismatches between
educational background and the intended job, and it is named horizontal
education mismatch. The employee who is run into educational mismatch
condition is seen less-competent, less-qualified, and less accomplished
associated with company and work engagement which should be owned by
every employee, both supervisors and subordinates. The purpose of this
study was to test out that Job Crafting can play a role as a relation mediator
between career competencies and work engagement toward employees which
run into horizontal education mismatch. This was quantitative research; with
purposive sampling method to recruit the respondent. The respondent of this
research was people with age range 17-65 years old and using Process
v3.5 by Hayes, The Simple Mediation Model No.4. Considering the
phenomenon of Horizontal Education Mismatch which has an impact on
competency and work engagement. The uniqueness of this research was to
pay attention to the suitability of educational background with the current
occupation, which indirectly affects the competence of workers. The results
of this study were in accordance with the aims and expectations of the
researchers. The results of this study indicated that job crafting plays a role
as a mediator in the correlation between career competencies and work
engagement. Hopefully, it will be able to meet the competency needs of
employees to increase employee engagement with the company.
This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of learning styles,
ethics education, and ethical climate on student’s ethical behavior. The
samples were obtained through a proportionate random sampling technique
so that 273 students had taken the courses of conservation education,
professional ethics for teachers, and business ethics. The data were collected
using questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis. The research findings
showed that learning styles and ethical education could directly influence
ethical behavior. At the same time, the ethical climate did not have a direct
influence on ethical behavior. The ethical climate could not mediate the
effect of learning styles and ethics education on ethical behavior. It means
that learning styles and ethical education contribute significantly to the
formation of good behavior and student’s characters. It is supporting a
learning styles approach suggests that it offers benefit to students.
Academic pursuit is a long-term commitment, which can lead to negative consequences, such as lack of motivation, dissatisfaction, and disappointment if performance in an examination is low. Enjoyment in academic pursuits can sustain the interest and focus necessary to learn and perform. The flow theory, optimal level of arousal, positive academic self-perception, and positive emotional environment provide the necessary intrinsic motivation and important directions to develop strategies to enjoy academic pursuit. A framework has been developed to indicate that simultaneous activation of positive academic self-perception and positive emotional environment
routes leads to effective learning with consequent improvement in performance. Students can use these devices through continuous academic self-assessment. Research directions and applications are indicated.
The paper aims to develop the instrument about analogy test to measure the
level of intelligence of undergraduate students. Determination of the number
of samples is done by purposive sampling technique. This instrument is
analyzed by factor analysis. Of the 15 items that will be used to develop the
academic potential test instrument for verbal analogies, 4 analysis factors.
The formation of these 4 factors is from Eigenvalues greater than 1 so that
there are only 4 factors that fulfill the requirements. Furthermore, 15 items of
the tested instrument to 91 undergraduate student respondents obtained 2
items of invalid instrument with correlation coefficient ≤0.3, Kaiser-MeyerOlkin
(KMO)
and
Bartlett's
test
amounted
to
0.785
with
p
<0.05.
Trial
results
from
the
results
of
the
trial
results obtained that the average validity of the
questions is 96.8%. Test reliability was analyzed using the Alpha (α) formula
of Cronbach. The calculation is done using the help of the IBM SPSS version
22.0 Windows program and the coefficient of 0.806 is obtained. Based on the
results of the research, it can be concluded that the quality of the developed
instrument items has been valid and reliable.
Relationship between Learning Motivation and Learning Disciplinein High Schoo...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine: (1) the relationship between learning motivation and learning
discipline in SMAPangudiLuhur St. Louis IX Sedayu during the pandemic COVID-19,and (2) proposed a topic
of classical guidance based on low scores on learning motivation and learning discipline items. This type of
research is quantitative research with the correlation method. The subjects in this study were 68 students of
grades 10 and 11 at SMA Pangudi Luhur St. Louis IX Sedayu who is 16-18 years old according to the age
criteria of adolescent development. The two instruments used are the learning discipline scale and the learning
motivation scale. The scale used is the Likert scale. Data analysis techniques used the JASP program version
0.16.3.0 for Windows.
KEYWORDS : Learning Motivation, Learning Discipline, Covid-19 Pandemic
An effective teaching contributes to the students’ performance and this
depends on qualified-trained teachers, school administration, parents and
conducive environment for teaching and learning. It is proven that students
are more successful in their academic achievements, in the societies where
teachers perceive their profession as their job. This paper explores the impact
of the society’s perception on teachers’ professionalism. The method
employed in this paper is qualitative by using interview technique and used
audio-recorded to ensure a complete transcript. The result indicated that in
some developing countries including Cameroon, Kenya and Fiji has various
reasons for their job. Teaching profession was affected by how the society
considers teachers whereby they are perceived as disadvantaged population
who cannot fully take part in the social and economic activities due to the
fact that their salary is very low compared other public servants. This low
salary and loss of respect of teachers by the society lead to the job
dissatisfaction and made the teaching profession as a transitional job before
waiting to move to another different professional field.
This study examined the interaction of alertness, self-efficacy, and intention
in entrepreneurial behavior. This research departed from the efforts of
educational institutions to produce graduates with entrepreneurial profiles.
Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 530 respondents
who had taken sharia entrepreneurship classes at a university in Indonesia.
The results showed that education positively affected students' alerts and
self-efficacy. Alertness and subsequent self-efficacy also positively impact
entrepreneurial intention and behavior. Next, the entrepreneurial intention
has a positive effect on entrepreneurial behavior. Contradictory findings
show entrepreneurship education does not significantly impact
entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and behavior. The indirect effect
found that the mediating role of alertness, self-efficacy, and purpose could
fully bridge the relationship between education and entrepreneurial behavior.
The results implied the importance of alertness, self-efficacy, and intention
to promote entrepreneurial behavior in educational institutions. The study
results highlighted an important message for universities and schools to put
more effort into students' self-efficacy, vigilance, and personal intention to
maximize learning activities on campus. The action can support the efforts
of educational institutions through the entrepreneurship curriculum to
increase the profile of alums as entrepreneurs.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL REVIEWING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GOAL ORIENTATION, ACA...IAEME Publication
This study explored the association among Goal Orientation, Academic Self-efficacy, Academic Help-seeking Behaviour and Achievement on a sample of 600 secondary school students using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis and to see the impact. Goal orientation is an outlook toward demonstrating ability in achievement situations. Academic Self-efficacy is a person's belief in his/her ability to succeed in an academic situation. Academic help-seeking behaviour is 'seeking others help' at the time when one faces difficulties or uncertainty in the course of his/her education in classroom. Achievement is the accomplishment or acquired proficiency in the performance of an individual with respect to a given knowledge or skill. Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful technique that can combine complex path models with latent variables.
Motivation for the achievements is urgently needed when attending a class. For renforcing the motivation can be obtained through self-regulation this research aimed to discover students’ self-regulation in a private university at Yogyakarta. This research used quantitative approach in the form of survey. The population in this research was all students in Primary school Teacher Education comprising 233 students. Whereas, there were 155 students as the sample taken by using random sampling technique. Furthermore, students’ self-regulation was measured by using self regulation learning. The data analysis was conducted qualitatively in the form of descriptive or inferential showed by self-regulation in high category comprising 11 students or 7,09%, medium category comprising 97 students or 62,58%, and low category comprising 47 students or 30,32%. The result of this study showed that: (1) self-regulation of prospective primary school teachers was included into medium category, (2) self-regulation had an important role to improve students’ motivation.
Similar to Independence, discipline and employability: Study of vocational high school students (20)
This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to investigate the potential of digital online game-based learning (DOGBL) to enhance motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL). Online gaming has grown in popularity among students, opening up the possibility of using games as powerful instructional resources. Academic achievement depends on motivation, and this study, led by self-determination theory (SDT), explored how external rules, like rewards and recognition, could increase motivation in EFL utilizing DOGBL. The study used the SLR method, examining databases and choosing articles based on predetermined criteria. The chosen publications were examined in-depth, and a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) diagram was employed for analysis. For results, DOGBL could enhance teaching EFL by providing flexible and interesting learning environments. Key elements in motivating in DOGBL included game design, personalization, social engagement, curricular integration, and instructor assistance. As a promising method to improve EFL instruction, game-based learning, especially DOGBL, saw considerable developments between 2018 and 2023. Thus, these ground-breaking techniques transformed the way people learn English vocabulary and provided a fun and engaging way to learn the language. For educators and students, the potential for DOGBL to change EFL education is still exciting as technology develops.
The development of postmodern-era technology in the world of education is increasingly sophisticated, thus impacting the character of students and their social environment. Technological progress negatively affects the lives of today's generation. When misuse of technology is widespread, it is imperative to strengthen cultural and religious filtration. So that the influence of globalization on technological development can be minimized. So as not to damage the cultural values and morality of students as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to explain the importance of transforming the values of Bima's local wisdom "Nggusu Waru" through the media of social studies e-books. The results and conclusions of this study are efforts to develop students' social character that require teacher collaboration, supervision, and optimal parental attention so that their interest in learning is higher and minimizes deviant behavior. This research method uses research and development design. At the stage of preliminary studies with models developed by Borg and Gall. Through several stages of research, information gathering, development of initial forms of products, and initial field testing. In this step, data is collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data is analyzed to find out some of its weaknesses and shortcomings.
This research investigated the pre-service teachers’ self-regulation, selfefficacy, and mathematics performance in blended learning during the post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a state university using a descriptive correlational design. There were 201 pre-service teachers who were identified using simple random sampling. They answered the two-set survey questionnaire, which assessed their self-regulation and self-efficacy, while their performances were assessed using their grades in the subject. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that they had high self-regulation while they had a very high level of self-efficacy. At the same time, they had a very satisfactory performance in mathematics. Moreover, their self-regulation in terms of planning, monitoring, and adjusting was significantly correlated with their math performance while reflecting is not. However, no significant relationship was found between their self-efficacy and mathematics performance. Thus, instructors are encouraged to conduct monitoring during blended learning to encourage pre-service teachers to maintain their high level of self-regulation and self-efficacy in learning mathematics. In addition, future researchers may explore the same variables to validate the findings of the study because these findings are limited only to pre-service teachers and were conducted during the post COVID-19 pandemic.
This study explores the correlation between technology utilization and language acquisition while analyzing the impact of moderating variables on this relation. Our meta-analysis approach analyzes data from 43 extracts out of 19 primary studies published between 2012 and 2021. Our data analysis employs a random-effect model utilizing a significance level of α = 0.05. Additionally, the authors examine four moderating variables: level of education, location of research, proficiency in language, and year of publication. Technology-based language acquisition outperforms traditional methods, indicating a significant and moderate impact on the learning process. This study enhances comprehension of the efficacy of technology in language acquisition by identifying various factors, such as the geographical location of research, methods of assessing language proficiency, and technology type employed. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that educational level or sample size significantly impact technology-based language acquisition. This meta-analysis highlights the importance of considering nuanced factors when integrating technology into language learning. The findings emphasize the possibility of technology to transform methods of acquiring language and urge additional investigation into customized strategies that optimize its advantages.
Effective science instruction in a blended learning approach is synonymous with the strategic use of instructional videos (IVs) to fill the gap in teacher support. This study aims to determine the IVs’ effectiveness in improving students' concept retention and overall learning experiences. The experimental group was exposed to instruction integrating IVs via embedded mixed-method design, whereas the control group was exposed to traditional lecture methods. The results showed that students' post-test scores and concept retention improved significantly in the experimental group, where students reported better learning experiences than in the control group. This beneficial effect of a technology-integrated approach can be attributed to various elements of IVs, such as engaging content, motion graphics, video length, the language used, and the speaker's perspective. This study recommends that IVs be used to enhance learning opportunities and results in the teaching and learning process.
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are an important element in facing the challenges of the 21 st-century. Difficulty in solving problems systematically, facing challenges in an organized manner, and being unable to design original solutions are due to the low HOTS that students have. HOTS ability can improve students who low-level thinking skills in several ways, for example, through learning integrated with media, practice, and assessment or HOTS-based cognitive assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a HOTS-based cognitive assessment to assess students' HOTS abilities. The device development model used is an adaptation of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research sample consisted of 30 students in class 11 of the Governance and Office Automation Competency Program of Vocational High School 1 Kudus. The result is that 11 students have the HOTS ability with very good criteria, 17 well criteria, and 2 enough criteria. This study suggests that a test instrument for further research is to measure students' HOTS ability. The Experts conclude that HOTS-based cognitive assessment can be used as an approach to improve students' HOTS to actively think selectively and supported by logical argumentation.
The background of this research is the need for teacher innovation in developing digital-based learning media in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model, which consists of five research stages: analysis, planning, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation that present the results regarding innovation, features, applications, and the impact of using the benkangen game in learning Indonesian in elementary school. The subjects of this study were 25 teachers from 25 elementary schools, and 66 students from 10 elementary schools in Magelang district and Magelang city. The results showed innovation in the development of game applications based on Magelang local wisdom with game features in the form of puzzles of Magelang culture and local wisdom, Indonesian language learning materials packaged in the form of questions accompanied by the number of points in each answer, and audio that reflects local wisdom in Central Java. The novelty of this research is the development of the benkangen game based on Magelang local wisdom, which still needs to be developed by teachers in Indonesia. Future research needs to explore the innovation of Indonesian language learning games through the latest software.
The specific processes, techniques, and actions that learners take to facilitate their language learning have been widely explored under the concept of language learning strategies (LLS); however, more exploration is needed about recent investigations in this area, as calls for new theorization of strategies research have emerged. This systematic literature review aimed at exploring the prevailing research methodologies and educational settings appertaining to LLS in English as foreign language (EFL) contexts. The study analyzed 42 articles published from 2017 to 2023 in journals in the field of social sciences in the Scopus and ERIC databases. The findings show how non-intervention quantitative approaches are predominant in LLS research, occasionally accompanied by qualitative data collection methods. Accordingly, most research has favored descriptive and correlational designs, identifying the relationships between the use of strategies and variables such as language proficiency, demographic aspects, motivation, and self-regulation. Grounded on the revision of existing evidence, this article advises future strategy-based research to focus on primary and secondary levels of education, strategy instruction, cultural aspects, and qualitative research designs.
This study aimed to i) analyse learning problems in science at boarding schools for junior high school students and ii) determine the effectiveness of science learning in the context of Islamic teachings using the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, -religion (STEM-R) approach to improve reflective and critical thinking skills. The research method applied in this study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. The research design consisted of five stages: i) qualitative data gathering, ii) qualitative data analysis, iii) quantitative data gathering, iv) quantitative data analysis, and v) data interpretation. The subjects of this study were 192 students from boarding schools and were divided into 6 groups. The research results obtained were the school, parents, science teachers and religion teachers’ vision and mission causing students to like or dislike science. An excellent teacher is viewed by students as someone who can make learning enjoyable, exhibit creativity in presenting educational material, possess the ability to motivate, link science and religion, engage in investigative activities, infuse humour, establish connections between science and everyday life, and communicate concepts effectively. Moreover, distinctions in reflective thinking and critical thinking abilities were observed between the experimental group and the control group. Learning that connects science and Islamic religion and examines STEM-R aspects is able to develop students' thinking skills.
This study aims to reveal the profile of open-start problem-solving with ethnomathematics regarding student learning styles. This research is a qualitative research study on 3 out of 31 students of Junior High School of 3 Magetan taken by purposive sampling. The three students carried out four stages: understanding the problem, planning problem-solving strategies, implementing problem-solving strategies, and reviewing again. The results of the research show that students with a visual learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked and drawing illustrations, planning problem-solving strategies by making examples, carrying out solving strategies by working on the calculation process; students with an auditory learning style solve problems by understanding problems through writing known and being asked, planning strategies by making problems and formulating formulas used, implementing solutions by doing calculations and reviewing; students with a kinesthetic learning style solve problems by understanding issues through writing known and being asked, making examples and writing the formulas used, carrying out solving strategies by applying the calculation process and reviewing the results obtained. However, of the three styles, the results of the accepted work were not correct because they did not write down the conclusions and were not thorough enough.
The volunteer function inventory (VFI) is an assessment tool to measure individual volunteer motivation. VFI measures individual motivation to volunteer by examining the functional motives of each volunteer. This research aimed to adapt the VFI to the Indonesian language. VFI consists of 30 items divided into five dimensions. This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research method. Samples were acquired by accidental random sampling with N = 176. In this study, reliability testing was carried out with items and dimensions of Cronbach's α. Validity tests were examined using construct validity and item analysis. The results of the Indonesian version of VFI showed high reliability and validity. Besides, the item analysis also shows that the quality of each item is excellent. The Indonesian version of VFI will be suitable for various education fields in Indonesia to measure the students' voluntary willingness in community development activities, for example, in measuring the impact of volunteerism in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) social activities and other activities within the communities.
Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.
This study aims to determine how using an active learning model based on the three higher education principles can improve students' active learning. Qualitative research methods were applied in this study, with data collection through interviews, literature study, and observation. The results showed that active learning based on the three higher education principles was included in the "good" or "acceptable" category. The application of this model can make this campus a place with a positive academic atmosphere that enhances and supports collaboration, discussion, and positive and critical thinking. The novelty of this research lies in the use of active learning with mini-research projects, which are developed based on university principles and embody it. The hope is that this can help solve problems in the student learning process at the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expected implication is that the university's policy supports applying the model to resolve learning problems and build real scientists for students.
Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.
Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students’ worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students’ worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students’ responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students’ worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students’ responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students’ problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
This research aimed to assess the readiness of Indonesian pre-service science teachers by examining their perceptions of impending challenges, desired competencies, and anticipated instructional methodologies in preparing for the challenges of Society 5.0. Using a quantitative survey research methodology, 884 pre-service science teachers from 16 universities were surveyed. The research instrument's validity and reliability were assessed utilizing the Rasch model. Inferential statistics were employed to assess the readiness of pre-service science teachers for future challenges, taking into account their backgrounds. The test outcomes showed the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient reached 0.92, is deemed "excellent", affirming the instrument's high reliability. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of teachers share a consistent perception of future challenges and recognize the importance of mastering 21st-century skills, particularly critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. However, respondents believe that the current learning process does not adequately train these skills. They expressed a desire for an alternative learning method that can enhance their skills while accommodating their diverse backgrounds, including place of residence, economic background, and technological proficiency. Further research is needed to identify alternative teaching methods that can effectively foster these abilities in diverse backgrounds.
The issue of psychological well-being in education has emerged as an increasingly critical topic in recent years. This is due to the significance of psychological well-being in enhancing the performance of e ducational institutions, encompassing students, teachers, and the process of formulating school policies. This study sought to discover recent research on psychological well-being from an academic perspective. A total of 27 research articles were successfully gathered and reviewed based on the established criteria. This article review was conducted utilizing two databases (SCOPUS and WoS) and the following keywords: "psychological well-being" combined with "AND" and other search terms such as "school", "teacher", and "student". This systematic review offers a synthesis of results that can serve as the initial step in developing constructs of psychological well-being in educational institutions, thus implying the importance of psychological well-being for teachers and students. The results of the analysis from this systematic literature review have been discussed and concluded in this study.
This study aims to investigate Indonesian senior high school teachers’ perceptions of using the first language (L1) when teaching English because Indonesian teachers tend to have negative perceptions toward the application of the L1, while the L1 is needed in a situation where Indonesian students have limited skills in English. The semi-structured interview was applied to collect data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse it. The result showed that the teachers have three different positions in perceiving the use of the L1: the virtual position, maximal, and optimal positions. Although they have different perceptions toward the application of the L1, a major insight can be concluded about the limited use of the L1 for specific reasons, such as considering teachers’ and students’ English abilities, learners’ needs, and the type and the difficulty of the given task or assignment. The L1 can be functioned as scaffolding in three aspects: when teaching grammar, vocabulary, and when giving instructions. Teachers may consider this study’s results as the information to use the L1 in classrooms. This may also be beneficial for Indonesian educational stakeholders and the government to specifically define what type of scaffolding that teachers can use the L1 to teach English.
The Smile project is an engineering service-learning initiative carried out through collaboration between Chouaib Doukkali University in Morocco and Pusan National University in South Korea. Since 2016, this project has been conducted annually for engineering students from both universities. Participants are selected through an oral interview, ensuring representation from different majors, years, and genders. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the project transitioned to an online mode starting from 2020. The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of the service-learning approach on learning and its potential for enhancing engineering education. This study aims to compare the face-to-face and online implementations of the Smileproject as examples of this educational approach. The analysis demonstrates a strong positive effect of engineering service-learning as a learning approach, leading to the improvement of engineering students' skills and competencies. Notably, there is minimal difference between the two implementation modes of this learning approach.
Assessment is an important component of learning which aims to determine student achievement in learning. However, the pandemic has changed how assessment is carried out, prompting teachers to look for new strategies in carrying out mathematics learning assessments under any conditions, whether in normal conditions or during a pandemic. This study described the strategies used by high school mathematics teachers in assessing mathematics learning during the pandemic towards the post-pandemic period. This type of research is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were three mathematics teachers, three principals, and three vice principals from a public senior high school in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Qualitative data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively according to Bogdan and Biklen. The results of the study reveal that the mathematics teacher’s strategy for carrying out assessments during a pandemic includes: i) determining the appropriate online assessment platform that suits the needs; ii) assessment based on student participation; iii) using various of online assessment methods; iv) prioritizing academic integrity and honesty in the assessment implementation; and v) carry out the management and reporting of data on the results of the assessment in accordance with established procedures.
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2. J. Edu. & Learn. ISSN: 2089-9823
Independence, discipline and employability: study of vocational high school students (Fatwa Tentama)
171
The low level of employability has an impact on low self-esteem, effort, and willingness to enter the
workforce [6]. Individuals with low employability tend to be more challenging to enter the workforce or get a
job by the expected career [7]. Also, the current number of unemployed people is also caused by the low
employability of individuals [8]. Another impact caused by low employability is inappropriate decision
making, conflict, inappropriate leadership, low meta-cognitive skills, less effective performance, low social
responsibility, and pessimism [9]. Therefore, employability is an ability, understanding, and personality
needed to get a job [10].
Employability is a form of skill of special abilities that allows individuals to identify and be aware of
career opportunities [11]. Employability is in the form of skills, knowledge, and competencies that enhance
the ability of individuals to get jobs and more easily enter the labor market at various periods of the life cycle
[12]. Rothwell and Arnold [13] add that employability is the ability of individuals to find work according to
their interests or desires. These things show the importance of the role of employability that a person must
have for provision to get a job and maintain it when it is working. Many factors that affect one's
employability include independence and discipline. Independence is identified as the quality most often
sought by employers in prospective employees because independence will be the primary quality that can
affect employability [14]. Independence is one of the factors that help individuals to enter the labor market
[15]. Individuals with independence are seen as having better employability in terms of attitudes, motivation,
skills, and knowledge [16]. Additionally, some entrepreneurs consider that individuals with independence
tend to have more employability and can adapt to new environments to get jobs [17].
Independence is defined as the belief that individuals must be independent of the dependence of others,
especially regarding their ability to work [18]. According to Reynolds, Kamphaus, and Vannest [19]
independence is defined as individual beliefs in their ability to solve problems and respond to stress
effectively. Meanwhile according to Kim and Isma'il [20] independence is the ability of individuals to think
and act without help or the influence of others and the ability to decide what should be done. Hornby [21]
defines independence as the ability of individuals to face life's challenges and show creativity with instincts
to benefit themselves and others or their environment. Furthermore, efforts to improve employability are
applying disciplinary knowledge in the workplace environment, so that expectations of individual
performance can be adequate by the regulations set in the organization [22]. Several studies have shown that
improving non-academic skills such as listening, working effectively in teams, maintaining work discipline
can develop effective employability so that it can help individuals increase opportunities for employment
[23]. In line with the opinion of Raftopoulos, Coetzee, and Visser [24] which emphasizes the attribute that
individuals must have related to employability is self-discipline. Rigorous disciplinary learning can improve
educational outcomes, work skills, teamwork, and employability [23].
Discipline is defined as socially and morally responsible behavior motivated by intrinsic factors, not
solely by anticipating external rewards or fear of punishment [25]. According to Low (26) discipline is the
ability of an individual to act or take action regardless of the judgment or responsibility of others.
Meanwhile, according to Duckworth [27] self-discipline is defined as the capacity to do what individuals
want to do by managing their emotions and thoughts and knowing how to plan individual behavior to achieve
their goals. Discipline is the capacity of individuals to actively work towards long-term goals and to resist
temptation [28]. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of independence and discipline on
employability in Vocational High School students.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Research subject
The subjects in this study are 225 students in State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan, Sleman,
Yogyakarta with the class of XII. The selection of research subjects was randomized, with cluster random
sampling technique.
2.2. Measuring instrument
In this study, the scaling model used for the scale of employability, independence, and discipline is
the Likert scale. Employability is measured with the employability scale, referring to aspects of
employability according to Dacre Pool and Sewell [22], namely: skills, knowledge, understanding, and
personality attribution. Independence is revealed by the scale of independence style which refers to aspects of
independence according to Steinberg [29], namely emotional autonomy, behavioral autonomy, and value
autonomy. Discipline is revealed by using a disciplinary scale that refers to disciplinary aspects according to
Harahap [30] namely understanding of rules, compliance, and obedience to rules, timeliness in
implementation and completion of work and regularity of processes in carrying out tasks.
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2.3. Validity and reliability of the measuring instrument
The employability scale, which was tested on 61 participants, obtains a reliability coefficient score
of .821. The corrected item-total correlation index moves from .289 to .510. The valid and reliable items that
are used for research are 20 items.
The Independence Test with 61 test subjects, reveals a reliability coefficient score of .869. The
corrected item-total correlation index moves from .382 to .668. The valid and reliable items that are used for
research are 15 items.
The disciplinary scale with 61 test subjects, the results of the reliability coefficient were .913. The
corrected item-total correlation index moves from .267 to .731. The valid and reliable items that are used for
research are 28 items.
2.4. Data analysis
The method for data analysis used parametric statistical methods. Data analysis was performed
using SPSS 19.0 for windows, through multiple regression testing techniques, namely a statistical analysis
technique to determine the effect of independence and discipline on employability. Before the multiple linear
regression test, it is necessary to test the assumptions which consist of normality test, linearity test and
multicollinearity test.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1. Normality test
Table 1 shows the normality test results. The findings show that employability, independence, and
discipline, produce a significance value of .347, .055, and .235 respectively. Each has p > .05, indicating that
all the data is normally distributed. In other words, there is no difference between the level of distribution of
sample scores based on population scores. Thus, the sample used can represent the population.
Table 1. Normality test
Variable Score K-SZ Sig. Remark
Employability .934 .347 Normal
Independence 1.339 .055 Normal
Discipline 1.034 .235 Normal
3.2. Linearity test
The linearity findings reveal that independence and employability has an F score of 120.775 and a
significance level (p) of .000, indicating that the relationship is linear. In other words, there is a line that
connects independence to employability. Meanwhile, linearity test between discipline and employability
results in F linearity of 209.981 with a significance level (p) of .000. This indicates that the relationship is
linear, or there is a straight line that connects discipline to employability.
Table 2. Linearity test
Variable F Sig. Criteria Remark
Independence towards Employability 120.775 .000 P < .05 Linear
Discipline towards Employability 209.981 .000 P < .05 Linear
3.3. Multicollinearity test
The multicollinearity test was conducted to ensure there was no multicollinearity relationship
between the two independent variables. The rule used to determine whether or not there is multicollinearity
relationship is to see tolerance values > .10 and VIF < 10. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that
independence and discipline have VIF = 1.592 (VIF < 10) and tolerance .628 = (tolerance > .10), then,
neither independence nor discipline has no multicollinearity relationship.
Table 3. Multicollinearity test
Variable Tolerance VIF Remark
Independence .628 1.592 No multicollinearity
Discipline .628 1.592 No multicollinearity
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3.4 Multiple linear regression test
The regression test on the effect of independence on employability is (t) = 4.090 with a significance
level of = .000 (p < .01), meaning that there is a very significant effect of independence on employability
among students at Vocational High School 1 Kalasan. Meanwhile, the regression analysis of discipline
towards employability obtained a value (t) of = 9.613 with a significance level of = .000 (p < .01), indicating
that there is a very significant influence on discipline towards employability students in State Vocational
High School 1 Kalasan.
Table 4. The result of relationship analysis between variables
Variable t Sig Criteria Remark
Independence towards Employability 4.090 .000 P < .01 There is a very significant influence
Discipline towards Employability 9.613 .000 P < .01 There is a very significant influence
The F test obtains a score of 125.032 with a significance level of (p) = .000 (< .01), meaning that
independence and discipline simultaneously affect employability students in State Vocational High School 1
Kalasan. The size of the role of independence and discipline towards employability is indicated by the
Adjusted R Square value = .525. In other words, independence and discipline contribute 52.5% towards
employability. Meanwhile, the remaining 47.5% is influenced by other factors outside the variables studied.
Table 5. The result of double regression test
Variable Adjusted R Square F Sig Remark
Independence and discipline towards Employability .525 125.032 .000
(< .01)
There is a very significant
influence
The results of the regression analysis of independence and discipline on student employability
showed that independence and discipline simultaneously influenced student employability. Based on these
results indicate that the first hypothesis is accepted so that the variable employability can be predicted based
on independence and discipline. The two independent variables simultaneously contributed 52.5% to
employability so that other variables could influence the remaining 47.5%. Other factors that affect
employability include employability activities [31], self-efficacy and cultural employability [32], proactive
personality, boundaryless mindset, identity relevance, social networks, social support, self-esteem, job search
and re-employment [4], positive emotions and commitments [33], involvement and community life [34],
welfare and health [35]. Partially, the results of this study indicate that independence contributes to
employability by 13.8% and the contribution of discipline to employability is 39.2%. The influence of
discipline on employability is more dominant than the independence of employability in students in State
Vocational High School 1 Kalasan, Sleman.
In the second hypothesis proposed, it was found that independence influences the employability of
students, indicating that the hypothesis is accepted. The findings are in line with previous studies that
highlight independence as one of the influential factors that can predict individual employability [36]. Further
studies also found that one of the efforts to improve individual employability is by exercising its
independence. Additionally, exercising independence can shape the character of manners, tolerance, and self-
control [37]. Independence is considered as the most likely attribute to be desired by entrepreneurs because
independence can build an ethos of hard work and individual teamwork which will later affect employability
levels [14]. The independence of students in Vocational High Schools is shown by students having the ability
to make their own decisions when faced with certain situations both at school and outside of school and dare
to carry out those decisions with various consequences that are ready to be faced. Moreover, students are able
and ready to adjust to changes in individual relationships with parents, students do not depend entirely on
parents and have a set of principles about what is right and what is wrong, about which are essential, and
which are not important both in the school, environment and the work environment in the future. Thus,
independent students will get skills, knowledge, understanding, and form a good personality as capital to get
a job and to be able to carry out their jobs.
In the third hypothesis proposed, it was found that there was an influence of disciplinary variables
on the employability of students so that the hypothesis was accepted. The findings are supported by the
theory that assumes that discipline is one of the attributes that individuals must have before seeking jobs.
This is because work discipline can improve team building skills, job search and employability, and
vocational skills, making it easier for individuals to map career plans following interest, ability, and work
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motivation [38]. One of the factors causing low employability is because individuals lack work discipline and
commitment to work [39]. To develop effective employability, it requires learning with discipline in the
actual context, individuals who have discipline tend to have more opportunities to find a job [23]. The
manifestation of student discipline is an understanding of the applicable regulations, compliance, and
obedience to rules, the timeliness in the implementation and completion of tasks and the regularity of the
process in carrying out their duties. Therefore, the existence of these disciplinary behaviors will ensure
students to be more ready to work because it will indirectly increase the knowledge and skills acquired in
school, understand the tasks quickly and form a good personality in students.
The difference and renewal of this research with previous research that in the psychology field of
research education on employability issues is still rarely done. Employability problems in the field of
education, especially vocational education are rarely done because vocational students are seen as having the
knowledge and work skills that have been obtained at school. But the reality in the field shows the opposite,
that vocational graduates make the biggest contribution to unemployment in Indonesia. In the field of
psychology education, independence and discipline factors are the dominant factors affecting the
employability of vocational students and vocational graduates.
The implications of this study can provide insight and awareness to students, parents, and teachers.
This research shows that students' independence and discipline have a role in preparing students to get jobs
and complete their work after graduating from Vocational High Schools, so these variables must be
considered in everyday life. Parents and teachers must be able to create a positive environment that can
provide opportunities for students to grow and develop their independence and discipline. The results of this
study can also be used as a reference to compile training modules to deal with problems in Vocational High
School students, especially in training to improve vocational students' work readiness through training in
independence and discipline.
4. CONCLUSION
The conclusions of this study include: 1) Simultaneously, there is a very significant effect of
independence and discipline on the employability of students in State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan. 2)
There is a very significant effect of independence on the employability of students in State Vocational High
School 1 Kalasan. 3) There is a very significant influence on the discipline of employability of students in
State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan. 4) The role of discipline towards employability is more dominant
than the independence of employability in students at Vocational High School 1 Kalasan.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank the Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) of
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta for providing research funds so that this research could be carried
out and resolved smoothly. The author also wants to thank State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan, Sleman,
Yogyakarta, which has supported and participated in the research process.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Fatwa Tentama was born on October 1, 1984 in Yogyakarta. Working as a lecturer at the Faculty
of Psychology at Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. Scientific focus and research on
industrial psychology, educational psychology and training.
Subardjo was born on Desember 3, 1952 in Yogyakarta. Working as a lecturer at the Faculty of
Law at Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. Scientific focus and research on research
methodology.
Surahma Asti Mulasari was born on October 22, 1982 in Yogyakarta. Working as a lecturer at
the Faculty of Public Health, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. Scientific focus and
research on public health science and training.