The purpose of this research to determine the effect of the combination of manure and EM-4 on the growth and yield of red spinach and to study its benefits as a source of Fe nutrients for health. This study was an experimental study using a randomized block design (RBD) in the combined treatment of manure with EM-4. The manure (P) was at three levels, namely: P1 = 5 tons/ha of manure dose; P2 = Dose of manure 10 tons / hectare; P3 = Dose of manure 15 tons / hectare; while giving the concentration of EM-4 (K) with three levels, namely: K1 = 5 ml EM-4 / liter of water; K2 = 10 ml EM-4 / liter of water; K3 = 15 ml EM-4 / liter of water. There was a significant effect of the combination treatment of manure with EM-4 studied, namely on the variables of plant height, number of leaves and fresh weight. Consuming fresh red spinach regularly according to the Nutrition Adequacy Rate is very beneficial for body health because the content of iron, calcium, copper, thiamine, fiber, zinc and water including high and quite high.
Response of Nutrient Management Practices through Organic Substances on Rice ...AI Publications
The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, at Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2018-19 in rice. Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as T1-FYM @ 5 t/ha (control), T2-T1 + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha, T3-T1+Neem cake @ 250 kg, T4- T1+ vermiwash @ 3% spray, T5-T1+ Jeevamrut @ 3 % spray, T6-T1+ Panchgavya @ 3 % Spray, T7-T1+ Enriched Bananpseudostem sap @ 3% spray and T8-T1+ Regular Banana sap @ 3% spray were tried in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (FYM @ 5 t/ha + No biofertilizer+ No Spray). A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken for study. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. The rice grain yield (3.19 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of FYM and vermicompost was at par with the yield recorded under neem cake, vermiwash and panchgavya. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. vermicompost, vermiwash, neem cake&panchgavyacould give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11.
Effect of different amino acids on the morphology and bio-chemical attributes...Innspub Net
Amino acids have become a crucial part of feed for better growth and yield of Solanaceous vegetables. Economically accessible Amino acid stimulants can enhance the fertilizer absorption and maximize the uptake of water and nutrients. The experimental trial was carried out to find the impact of foliar feeding of Ezabian and Imino-x on flourishment and production of green chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.). Experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Moreover, seven treatments and four replications will be considered. Each treatment will contain ten plants. Vegetative, reproductive and biochemical parameters of chilli Wonder Hot, variety will be observed for data collection. Results revealed that Maximum plant height (63.5cm), highest fruit weight (5.39g), highest TSS value (11.51 Brix°) and highest pH value (5.68) was observed in T6 while T6 had maximum number of branches (28), highest value of fruit length (12.49cm), maximum fruit yield/plant (1113g), maximum fruit yield/ hectare (51.15tons), highest fresh root weight is 8.18, highest dry root weight 5.88, highest fresh shoot weight 77.7, highest dry shoot weight 33.57, highest value of 100 seeds weight (0.325g), and maximum chlorophyll concentration (75.68). However, highest concentration of Titratable acidity (0.3593g/L), maximum value of electrical conductivity (3.98S/m) highest value of fruit firmness (7.1 lb) as compared to other treatments Hence, it was concluded that foliar application of Ezabian and Imino-x @ Ezabian20mL+Imino-x20mL per liter of water increased yield characters up to maximum and this dose can be recommended to farmers to get more yield and profit.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
There is a great contamination of water, soil, air, soil erosion, pest resistance
and extensive use of chemical fertilizers cause a turn to induce agriculture for
producing safe and clean products. For this purpose, by using natural materials like
algae on the beach, organic and environmentally friendly fertilizer was prepared. In
this investigation effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Ulva fasciata at
concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on some parameters of wheat
(Triticum aestivum var. chamran) has been investigated. Based on the results, above
algae can be used as a food supplement solution in the form of foliar spray at 2.5%
concentration with a significant increase in morphological and biochemical indices.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
Success in vegetable cultivation begins with using plant materials that growth healthy and strong. Seedling growth and development has an important role in greenhouse vegetable production. In the present study, effects of organic fertilizer were obtained from mint and thyme oil extract on tomato seedlings were investigated. Local Çanak tomato cultivar, which is provided from Nevşehir region, and Toprak F1 cultivar, was used in the study. Organic and commercially fertilizer applications were held on both species and root length (cm), shoot length (cm), stem diameter (mm), root fresh weight (g), shoot fresh weight (g), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), dry matter content (%), moisture content (%), nutritional value and chlorophyll index values of the seedlings were determined. Results show that organic fertilizer dosage was high and seedlings‟ growth and development was affected negatively. On the other hand, the dry matter content and some plant nutrient values of the seedlings in organic fertilizer applications were higher than commercial fertilizers. Therefore the organic fertilizer is promising for organic seedling production. It is resulted that, application dosage experiments should be conducted to use organic fertilizer in an effective way.
2 ijhaf nov-2017-4-effect of organic productsAI Publications
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic products on wheat variety Amber during Rabi 2015-16 in Randomized Block Design at ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. The study comprised sixteen different treatments of organic products viz. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermiwash @ 2%, Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost@2.5 t ha-1+Noval fertilizer@ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2% and 100% RDF @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. Wheat was sown at row spacing 20 cm X 5 cm on flat beds. The results showed that the treatments of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and spray with Noval fertilizer @ 1% at 30 and 60 days after sowingrecorded highest seed yield of2100 kg ha-1 followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Panchgavya @ 2% (2049 kg ha-1). The same treatment proved its superiority in increasing all yield attributing factors along with grain yield of wheat indicating the most effective organic treatment for wheat under North Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra.
A Study on the Removal of Pesticide Residues on Potatoes Using Moringa oleife...AI Publications
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant whose seeds possess strong coagulation properties capable of removing turbidity and heavy metals from water. In this study, the effectiveness of MO seeds as a potential pesticide removal apparatus for agricultural produce was investigated. The parameters of interest for each pesticide washing solution were pesticide-concentration reduction, cost, and taste alteration to the potatoes. Separate doses of 0.25 mL profenofos 500 EC were individually applied to distinct 250 g pesticide-free potato piles. A submersion of each tainted potato pile was carried out in one of the chosen pesticide baths (mineral water, 2% salt solution, 10% salt solution, vegetable bath wash, and 10 g MO seed) for 10 min, followed by a 10 second mineral water bath rinse. Remaining profenofos residue concentrations on potatoes were quantified using the quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and simple QuEChERs method coincided with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experiments showed that the MO seed was the most effective at removing profenofos at 52.9% followed by the vegetable bath at 47.3%. Neither method caused an alteration in food taste, but the MO seed method is significantly cheaper at 2,000/L IDR ($0.14 USD) compared to the vegetable bath at IDR 10,668/L ($0.77 USD) at the time of the experiment, respectively.
Response of Nutrient Management Practices through Organic Substances on Rice ...AI Publications
The management of soil organic matter is crucial to maintain a productive organic farming system. No one source of nutrient usually fulfills to maintain productivity and quality control in organic system. In addition, the inputs to supplement nutrient availability are often not uniform presenting additional challenges in meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in organic system. With this concept, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, at Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, during Kharif 2018-19 in rice. Different treatments comprising organic amendments such as T1-FYM @ 5 t/ha (control), T2-T1 + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha, T3-T1+Neem cake @ 250 kg, T4- T1+ vermiwash @ 3% spray, T5-T1+ Jeevamrut @ 3 % spray, T6-T1+ Panchgavya @ 3 % Spray, T7-T1+ Enriched Bananpseudostem sap @ 3% spray and T8-T1+ Regular Banana sap @ 3% spray were tried in organic crop production. These treatments were compared with absolute control (FYM @ 5 t/ha + No biofertilizer+ No Spray). A Rice variety ‘GR-11’ was taken for study. Results revealed a significant enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. The rice grain yield (3.19 t ha-1) obtained under combined application of FYM and vermicompost was at par with the yield recorded under neem cake, vermiwash and panchgavya. An interesting observation recorded was that there was no serious attack of any insects pest or disease in organically grown crop. The study revealed that addition of four organic amendments viz. vermicompost, vermiwash, neem cake&panchgavyacould give the optimum yield of organic rice var. GR-11.
Effect of different amino acids on the morphology and bio-chemical attributes...Innspub Net
Amino acids have become a crucial part of feed for better growth and yield of Solanaceous vegetables. Economically accessible Amino acid stimulants can enhance the fertilizer absorption and maximize the uptake of water and nutrients. The experimental trial was carried out to find the impact of foliar feeding of Ezabian and Imino-x on flourishment and production of green chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.). Experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Moreover, seven treatments and four replications will be considered. Each treatment will contain ten plants. Vegetative, reproductive and biochemical parameters of chilli Wonder Hot, variety will be observed for data collection. Results revealed that Maximum plant height (63.5cm), highest fruit weight (5.39g), highest TSS value (11.51 Brix°) and highest pH value (5.68) was observed in T6 while T6 had maximum number of branches (28), highest value of fruit length (12.49cm), maximum fruit yield/plant (1113g), maximum fruit yield/ hectare (51.15tons), highest fresh root weight is 8.18, highest dry root weight 5.88, highest fresh shoot weight 77.7, highest dry shoot weight 33.57, highest value of 100 seeds weight (0.325g), and maximum chlorophyll concentration (75.68). However, highest concentration of Titratable acidity (0.3593g/L), maximum value of electrical conductivity (3.98S/m) highest value of fruit firmness (7.1 lb) as compared to other treatments Hence, it was concluded that foliar application of Ezabian and Imino-x @ Ezabian20mL+Imino-x20mL per liter of water increased yield characters up to maximum and this dose can be recommended to farmers to get more yield and profit.
The journal is an open access, international, double-blind peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles, Invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the Editor in the field of agriculture, fisheries, veterinary, biology, and closely related disciplines. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is being published online biannually as of 2007. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences aims to create an environment for researchers to introduce, share, read, and discuss recent scientific progress. We adopt the policy of providing open access to readers who may be interested in recent developments.
There is a great contamination of water, soil, air, soil erosion, pest resistance
and extensive use of chemical fertilizers cause a turn to induce agriculture for
producing safe and clean products. For this purpose, by using natural materials like
algae on the beach, organic and environmentally friendly fertilizer was prepared. In
this investigation effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Ulva fasciata at
concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on some parameters of wheat
(Triticum aestivum var. chamran) has been investigated. Based on the results, above
algae can be used as a food supplement solution in the form of foliar spray at 2.5%
concentration with a significant increase in morphological and biochemical indices.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
Success in vegetable cultivation begins with using plant materials that growth healthy and strong. Seedling growth and development has an important role in greenhouse vegetable production. In the present study, effects of organic fertilizer were obtained from mint and thyme oil extract on tomato seedlings were investigated. Local Çanak tomato cultivar, which is provided from Nevşehir region, and Toprak F1 cultivar, was used in the study. Organic and commercially fertilizer applications were held on both species and root length (cm), shoot length (cm), stem diameter (mm), root fresh weight (g), shoot fresh weight (g), leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), dry matter content (%), moisture content (%), nutritional value and chlorophyll index values of the seedlings were determined. Results show that organic fertilizer dosage was high and seedlings‟ growth and development was affected negatively. On the other hand, the dry matter content and some plant nutrient values of the seedlings in organic fertilizer applications were higher than commercial fertilizers. Therefore the organic fertilizer is promising for organic seedling production. It is resulted that, application dosage experiments should be conducted to use organic fertilizer in an effective way.
2 ijhaf nov-2017-4-effect of organic productsAI Publications
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic products on wheat variety Amber during Rabi 2015-16 in Randomized Block Design at ASPEE Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, Nare, Taluka Wada, Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. The study comprised sixteen different treatments of organic products viz. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermiwash @ 2%, Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Noval fertilizer @ 1%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost@2.5 t ha-1+Noval fertilizer@ 1%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Vermiwash @ 2%, FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchgavya @ 2% and 100% RDF @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1. Wheat was sown at row spacing 20 cm X 5 cm on flat beds. The results showed that the treatments of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and spray with Noval fertilizer @ 1% at 30 and 60 days after sowingrecorded highest seed yield of2100 kg ha-1 followed by FYM @ 10 t ha-1 with vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and Panchgavya @ 2% (2049 kg ha-1). The same treatment proved its superiority in increasing all yield attributing factors along with grain yield of wheat indicating the most effective organic treatment for wheat under North Konkan Coastal Zone of Maharashtra.
A Study on the Removal of Pesticide Residues on Potatoes Using Moringa oleife...AI Publications
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant whose seeds possess strong coagulation properties capable of removing turbidity and heavy metals from water. In this study, the effectiveness of MO seeds as a potential pesticide removal apparatus for agricultural produce was investigated. The parameters of interest for each pesticide washing solution were pesticide-concentration reduction, cost, and taste alteration to the potatoes. Separate doses of 0.25 mL profenofos 500 EC were individually applied to distinct 250 g pesticide-free potato piles. A submersion of each tainted potato pile was carried out in one of the chosen pesticide baths (mineral water, 2% salt solution, 10% salt solution, vegetable bath wash, and 10 g MO seed) for 10 min, followed by a 10 second mineral water bath rinse. Remaining profenofos residue concentrations on potatoes were quantified using the quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and simple QuEChERs method coincided with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experiments showed that the MO seed was the most effective at removing profenofos at 52.9% followed by the vegetable bath at 47.3%. Neither method caused an alteration in food taste, but the MO seed method is significantly cheaper at 2,000/L IDR ($0.14 USD) compared to the vegetable bath at IDR 10,668/L ($0.77 USD) at the time of the experiment, respectively.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different organic manure on the growth yield and nutritive value of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Treatments were control (without any manure) (T 1), Goat manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 2), Poultry manure alone (25t ha -1) (T 3), Cattle manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 4). These were applied as basal and topdressing application of manure in this experiment and their performance was recorded once in three weeks. Analysis of Variance was performed to define a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). Results revealed that plants grown in Poultry manure (T3 )(25 t ha -1) showed significantly (p < 0.05) better performance in the measured growth parameters viz. plant height(217.2cm), leaf area, number of tillers, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width while the lowest performance was observed in control (T1) at 11 WAP( weeks after planting). Further the results of this study revealed that relatively higher total dry matter (149.61g/plant) and nutrition composition viz crude protein (14.48%), Ash content(19.78%),crude fiber(16.17%), Ether extract (8.75%) was obtained from the plants treated with poultry manure alone (T3) followed by T4,T2 whereas the lowest dry-matter yield(62.7g/plant) and nutrition composition was observed in control (T1). Therefore, it could be concluded that the poultry manure can be used to enhance the growth and nutritive value of Guinea grass.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use EfficiencyinImproved Potato_Hailu Gebru 2017.pdfAbebeChindi1
Abstract Use of nutrient efficient crop species or cultivars
within species in combination with improved crop production
practices offer the best option for meeting the future food
requirements of growing world populations. Efficiency improvement has a key role for nutrient use and it improves both
productivity of yield and minimizes risks of losses that potentially harm the environment. To improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE), one strategy is to select cultivars of crops with high
NUE. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are among essential macronutrients commonly applied to agricultural crops
to optimize yields. Evaluation of potato cultivars with high N
and P efficiency is essential for sustainable production of the
crop. In Ethiopia, however, little research has been done to
elucidate better NUE of potato crop until recently. This study
was, thus, designed to evaluate selected potato cultivars
(Belete, Gudene, Jalene, Marachere and one local check) for
NP use efficiency under low levels of the nutrients in Wolaita
Sodo University, Ethiopia during 2014 and 2015. Factorial
combination of 3 levels of each N (0, 55.5 and 111 kg N
ha−1 ) and P (0, 19.5 and 39 kg P ha−1 ) were assigned to the
main plots and the 5 cultivars to subplots of split-plot design in
three replications. Efficiency indices such as agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and recovery efficiency were
computed for combined NP nutrients. Results showed that
agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, apparent phosphorus use
efficiency and phosphorus use efficiencies were significantly
influenced by the interaction effect of rates of NP nutrition and
variety. Application of NP more than 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 will
not beneficial due to their less or equal use and recovery efficiencies to 55.5:19.5 kg NP ha−1
. Belete was the most NP
efficient variety followed by Jalene and Gudene in all efficiency indices. Therefore, Belete, Jalene and Gudene return better
for NP at 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 for economical use of fertilizes
while obtaining satisfactory yield. It can be concluded that
yield response variation of the varieties was related to their
differences in NP uptake and use efficiencies; and the improved potato varieties were superior to local check in using
NP nutrients efficiently
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
Response of Various Promising Lines of Red Rice to Two Levels of Watering fol...AI Publications
This study aimed to examine the response of various red rice promising lines on several levels of watering and residues of P fertilizers of the preceding rice by conducting a pot experiment testing two treatment factors, i.e. red rice genotypes (19 promising lines) and levels of watering (220 or 330 ml/pot per application), and used residues of P fertilizer doses (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha SP36) applied to the preceding rice plants as the blocks (replications) under Randomized Complete Block design. The results indicated that there were significant interaction effects of the treatment factors on grain yield and weight of 100 grains of the red rice. The P fertilizer doses applied to the preceding rice plants also affected grain yield of red rice, and reduction in levels of watering significantly reduced grain yields, most possibly due to significant increase in the percentage of unfilled grains, which had the most significant negative relationship with grain yield. The genotypes showing the highest yield potential under sufficient watering appeared to be most adversely affected by reduction in levels of watering, such as G1, G2, G8, G9, and G18, with grain yield of 20.47, 18.04, 17.86, 16.85 and 18.27 respectively. However, there were three genotypes having relatively high grain yield showing non-significant effect of reduction in watering level, i.e. G4, G5 and G17. Levels of P fertilization to the preceding rice plants also significantly affected grain yield of the following rice plants, most probably due to their effects on the percentage of unfilled grain number.
Analytical Approach to Recycle the Vegetable and Fruit Waste into Feedijtsrd
The worlds population is projected to grow from about 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.6 billion people by 2050. More than half of this growth is expected in Sub Saharan Africa SSA China and India. In addition to population growth, per capita meat and milk consumption is also growing, especially in China and India. As the cities are urbanizing and population is migrating in search of better living standards there is double impulse for food in these magnets of growth. In food the demand of fruits and vegetables as well as dairy and meat products is increased gradually in last decade which correspondingly lead to the demand of feed for animals. In this research paper we are presenting a mechanism to convert the vegetable and fruit waste into animal feed by designed feed making machine and its impact on environment in terms of fewer quanta discarded to dumping yard and less production of methane emission due to fruit and vegetable waste. And the scope of recycling the waste will be assessed on pigsty in Pune. Anuja Padole | Abhay Shelar ""Analytical Approach to Recycle the Vegetable and Fruit Waste into Feed"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd24033.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/24033/analytical-approach-to-recycle-the-vegetable-and-fruit-waste-into-feed/anuja-padole
Soil is precious natural resource equally as important as water and air. The proper use of soil greatly determines the capability of a life-support system.The agriculture era has been changed from resource degrading to resource conserving technologies and practices which will enable help for increasing crop productivity besides maintaining soil health for future generations. Green revolution besides achieving food security, imposes several threats like deterioration of the soil organic carbon stock, decreasing factor productivity, imbalances in NPK and micronutrient use and disparity in fertilizer consumptions etc.
The effect of leguminous cover crops on growth and yield of tomatoAI Publications
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the vegetable fruit crops commonly cultivated around the globe and used mostly as a flavour in cuisines. Cover cropping is a form of sustainable agriculture which helps to maintain soil fertility and reduces the need and the amount of inorganic fertilizer and thus helps the farmer to increase profitability. The objective of this study was to find the effect of the cover crops on growth and yield of tomato. In this experiment legume cover crops were grown in five treatment plots and these were Bare soil, inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) and Canavalia ensiformis (Canavalia) in 3 blocks. The results showed that tomato plants grown on Canavalia ensiformis plots showed earlier flowering and fruiting than the other treatments. It also showed significantly higher yield than the other treatments (P= 0.006). The study shows that cover crops especially Canavalia ensiformis could be considered as part any farming system that wants to use sustainable farming to improve soil nutrients and reduce cost of farming.
Influence of NPK Fertilizer and Poultry Manure on the Growth of Okra (Abelmos...AI Publications
Field trials were conducted during the 2018 rainy season at the Federal University Dutsin-Ma Teaching and Research Farm, Badole. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of different levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 40, 80 kg ha-1) and poultry manure (0, 4, 8 tons’ ha-1) on the growth of okra. The trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The application of 4 and 8 tons’ ha-1 of poultry manure showed significant difference on the number of plant per plot at 4 and 6WAS. While the application of NKP 15:15:15 at all level were statistically at par on the number of plant per plot. The application of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 showed significant difference among the treatment to plant height, number of leaves, leaves area, stem girth at various weeks of data collection. The increase in the level of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer showed the significant effects on number plant, number of leave per plant, leave area, plant height, stem girth. And some of parameters were statistically at far by varied level of factors and time. Okra variety Clemson spineless significantly gave taller plants and increase in the plant organs. Both NPK fertilizer and poultry manure were found to play a significant role in increasing the growth of okra plant.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
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American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different organic manure on the growth yield and nutritive value of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). This experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Treatments were control (without any manure) (T 1), Goat manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 2), Poultry manure alone (25t ha -1) (T 3), Cattle manure alone (25 t ha -1) (T 4). These were applied as basal and topdressing application of manure in this experiment and their performance was recorded once in three weeks. Analysis of Variance was performed to define a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). Results revealed that plants grown in Poultry manure (T3 )(25 t ha -1) showed significantly (p < 0.05) better performance in the measured growth parameters viz. plant height(217.2cm), leaf area, number of tillers, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width while the lowest performance was observed in control (T1) at 11 WAP( weeks after planting). Further the results of this study revealed that relatively higher total dry matter (149.61g/plant) and nutrition composition viz crude protein (14.48%), Ash content(19.78%),crude fiber(16.17%), Ether extract (8.75%) was obtained from the plants treated with poultry manure alone (T3) followed by T4,T2 whereas the lowest dry-matter yield(62.7g/plant) and nutrition composition was observed in control (T1). Therefore, it could be concluded that the poultry manure can be used to enhance the growth and nutritive value of Guinea grass.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use EfficiencyinImproved Potato_Hailu Gebru 2017.pdfAbebeChindi1
Abstract Use of nutrient efficient crop species or cultivars
within species in combination with improved crop production
practices offer the best option for meeting the future food
requirements of growing world populations. Efficiency improvement has a key role for nutrient use and it improves both
productivity of yield and minimizes risks of losses that potentially harm the environment. To improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE), one strategy is to select cultivars of crops with high
NUE. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are among essential macronutrients commonly applied to agricultural crops
to optimize yields. Evaluation of potato cultivars with high N
and P efficiency is essential for sustainable production of the
crop. In Ethiopia, however, little research has been done to
elucidate better NUE of potato crop until recently. This study
was, thus, designed to evaluate selected potato cultivars
(Belete, Gudene, Jalene, Marachere and one local check) for
NP use efficiency under low levels of the nutrients in Wolaita
Sodo University, Ethiopia during 2014 and 2015. Factorial
combination of 3 levels of each N (0, 55.5 and 111 kg N
ha−1 ) and P (0, 19.5 and 39 kg P ha−1 ) were assigned to the
main plots and the 5 cultivars to subplots of split-plot design in
three replications. Efficiency indices such as agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and recovery efficiency were
computed for combined NP nutrients. Results showed that
agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, apparent phosphorus use
efficiency and phosphorus use efficiencies were significantly
influenced by the interaction effect of rates of NP nutrition and
variety. Application of NP more than 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 will
not beneficial due to their less or equal use and recovery efficiencies to 55.5:19.5 kg NP ha−1
. Belete was the most NP
efficient variety followed by Jalene and Gudene in all efficiency indices. Therefore, Belete, Jalene and Gudene return better
for NP at 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 for economical use of fertilizes
while obtaining satisfactory yield. It can be concluded that
yield response variation of the varieties was related to their
differences in NP uptake and use efficiencies; and the improved potato varieties were superior to local check in using
NP nutrients efficiently
The present study was carried on Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) by using the vermicompost. The decoction tea powder is wasted wet garbage and discarded on the dumping ground. It generally creates environmental pollution. This wet garbage can used as a good source of nutrients to the vegetable crop plants. The research is carried out by preparing vermicompost using 75% decoction tea powder and 25% mixture of black soil, cow dung, leaf litter and little vermicompost. The compost prepared by using decoction tea powder has increased concentration of necessary nutrients such as pH, minerals, organic carbon (O.C.), total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium required for vegetable crop plants for its development. In present investigation by applying this compost, Electrical conductivity was decreased by 9.51%, O.C. 89.30%, total phosphorus 26.09%, potassium 1.0%, Mg and Na by 43.17% shows a significant increase in absorption. It is also observed that germination period decreases whereas height of stem, leaf area, flowering and fruits were developed earlier than control soil. Key-words- Decoction tea powder, Vermicompost, A. esculentus, Green revolution, Biological resistance
Response of Various Promising Lines of Red Rice to Two Levels of Watering fol...AI Publications
This study aimed to examine the response of various red rice promising lines on several levels of watering and residues of P fertilizers of the preceding rice by conducting a pot experiment testing two treatment factors, i.e. red rice genotypes (19 promising lines) and levels of watering (220 or 330 ml/pot per application), and used residues of P fertilizer doses (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha SP36) applied to the preceding rice plants as the blocks (replications) under Randomized Complete Block design. The results indicated that there were significant interaction effects of the treatment factors on grain yield and weight of 100 grains of the red rice. The P fertilizer doses applied to the preceding rice plants also affected grain yield of red rice, and reduction in levels of watering significantly reduced grain yields, most possibly due to significant increase in the percentage of unfilled grains, which had the most significant negative relationship with grain yield. The genotypes showing the highest yield potential under sufficient watering appeared to be most adversely affected by reduction in levels of watering, such as G1, G2, G8, G9, and G18, with grain yield of 20.47, 18.04, 17.86, 16.85 and 18.27 respectively. However, there were three genotypes having relatively high grain yield showing non-significant effect of reduction in watering level, i.e. G4, G5 and G17. Levels of P fertilization to the preceding rice plants also significantly affected grain yield of the following rice plants, most probably due to their effects on the percentage of unfilled grain number.
Analytical Approach to Recycle the Vegetable and Fruit Waste into Feedijtsrd
The worlds population is projected to grow from about 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.6 billion people by 2050. More than half of this growth is expected in Sub Saharan Africa SSA China and India. In addition to population growth, per capita meat and milk consumption is also growing, especially in China and India. As the cities are urbanizing and population is migrating in search of better living standards there is double impulse for food in these magnets of growth. In food the demand of fruits and vegetables as well as dairy and meat products is increased gradually in last decade which correspondingly lead to the demand of feed for animals. In this research paper we are presenting a mechanism to convert the vegetable and fruit waste into animal feed by designed feed making machine and its impact on environment in terms of fewer quanta discarded to dumping yard and less production of methane emission due to fruit and vegetable waste. And the scope of recycling the waste will be assessed on pigsty in Pune. Anuja Padole | Abhay Shelar ""Analytical Approach to Recycle the Vegetable and Fruit Waste into Feed"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd24033.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/24033/analytical-approach-to-recycle-the-vegetable-and-fruit-waste-into-feed/anuja-padole
Soil is precious natural resource equally as important as water and air. The proper use of soil greatly determines the capability of a life-support system.The agriculture era has been changed from resource degrading to resource conserving technologies and practices which will enable help for increasing crop productivity besides maintaining soil health for future generations. Green revolution besides achieving food security, imposes several threats like deterioration of the soil organic carbon stock, decreasing factor productivity, imbalances in NPK and micronutrient use and disparity in fertilizer consumptions etc.
The effect of leguminous cover crops on growth and yield of tomatoAI Publications
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the vegetable fruit crops commonly cultivated around the globe and used mostly as a flavour in cuisines. Cover cropping is a form of sustainable agriculture which helps to maintain soil fertility and reduces the need and the amount of inorganic fertilizer and thus helps the farmer to increase profitability. The objective of this study was to find the effect of the cover crops on growth and yield of tomato. In this experiment legume cover crops were grown in five treatment plots and these were Bare soil, inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) and Canavalia ensiformis (Canavalia) in 3 blocks. The results showed that tomato plants grown on Canavalia ensiformis plots showed earlier flowering and fruiting than the other treatments. It also showed significantly higher yield than the other treatments (P= 0.006). The study shows that cover crops especially Canavalia ensiformis could be considered as part any farming system that wants to use sustainable farming to improve soil nutrients and reduce cost of farming.
Influence of NPK Fertilizer and Poultry Manure on the Growth of Okra (Abelmos...AI Publications
Field trials were conducted during the 2018 rainy season at the Federal University Dutsin-Ma Teaching and Research Farm, Badole. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of different levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 40, 80 kg ha-1) and poultry manure (0, 4, 8 tons’ ha-1) on the growth of okra. The trial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The application of 4 and 8 tons’ ha-1 of poultry manure showed significant difference on the number of plant per plot at 4 and 6WAS. While the application of NKP 15:15:15 at all level were statistically at par on the number of plant per plot. The application of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 showed significant difference among the treatment to plant height, number of leaves, leaves area, stem girth at various weeks of data collection. The increase in the level of poultry manure and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer showed the significant effects on number plant, number of leave per plant, leave area, plant height, stem girth. And some of parameters were statistically at far by varied level of factors and time. Okra variety Clemson spineless significantly gave taller plants and increase in the plant organs. Both NPK fertilizer and poultry manure were found to play a significant role in increasing the growth of okra plant.
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
The objective of this paper is to present Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thailand agriculture and enhancing farmer productivity. In view of the demand for organic fertilizers, efforts should also be made to enhance and to develop more effective of compost, bio-fertilizer, and bio-pesticides currently used by farmers. Likewise, emphasis should also be laid on the cultivation of legumes and other crops that can enhance the fertility of the soil, as practiced by farmers in many developing countries to fertilize their lands. On the other hand, most of the farmers who practice this farm system found that they are adopting a number of SLMs and interested in joining the meeting or training to gain more and more knowledge.
Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Tha...AI Publications
The objective os this study is to present Current Changes in the Role of Agriculture and Agri-Farming Structures in Thailand and Vietnam with SLM practices. Farmer’s adoption and investment in SLM is a key for controlling land degradation, enhancing the well-being of society, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations (World Bank, 2006; FAO, 2018). And agriculture remains an essential element of lives of many farmers in term of the strong cultural and symbolic values that attach current working generation to do and to spend time for it but not intern of income generating.
Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in R...AI Publications
Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
The goal of neuroprotection is to shield neurons against damage, whether that damage is caused by environmental factors, pathogens, or neurodegenerative illnesses. Inhibiting protein-based deposit buildup, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, as well as rectifying abnormalities of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, are some of the ways in which medicinal herbs have neuroprotective effects [1-3]. This review will focus on the ways in which medicinal herbs may protect neurons.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review on canarium solomonenseAI Publications
The genus Canarium L. consists of 75 species of aromatic trees which are found in the rainforests of tropical Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The medicinal uses, botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities are now reviewed. Various compounds are tabulated according to their classes their structures are given. Traditionally canarium solomonense have been used to treat a broad array of illnesses. Pharmacological actions for canarium solomonense as discussed in this review include antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antitumor activity.
Influences of Digital Marketing in the Buying Decisions of College Students i...AI Publications
This research investigates the influence of digital marketing channels on purchasing decisions among college students in Ramanathapuram District. The study highlights that social media marketing, online advertising, and mobile marketing exhibit substantial positive effects on purchase decisions. However, email marketing's impact appears to be more complex. Moreover, the study explores how demographic variables like gender and academic level shape these effects. Notably, freshman students display varying susceptibility to specific digital marketing messages compared to their junior, senior, or graduate counterparts. These findings offer crucial insights for marketers aiming to tailor their strategies effectively to the preferences and behaviors of college students. By understanding the differential impacts of various digital marketing channels and considering demographic nuances, marketers can refine their approaches, optimize engagement, and ultimately enhance the effectiveness of their campaigns in targeting this demographic.
A Study on Performance of the Karnataka State Cooperative Agriculture & Rural...AI Publications
The Karnataka State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank Limited is the apex bank of all the primary co-operative agriculture and rural development banks in the state. All the PCARD Banks in the state are affiliated to it. The KSCARD Bank provides financial accommodation to the PCARD Banks for their lending operations. In order to quick sanction and disbursement of loans and supervision over the PCARD Banks the KSCARD Bank has opened district level branches. Bank has established Women Development Cell to promote entrepreneurship among women in 2005. The Bank is identifying women borrowers in the rural areas by assigning suitable projects to motivate their self-confidence to lead independent life. Progress made in financing women entrepreneurs women.
Breast hamartoma is a rare, well-circumscribed, benign lesion made up of a variable quantity of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue. This is a lesion that can affect women at any age from puberty. With the increasingly frequent use of imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound as well as breast biopsy, cases of hamartoma diagnosed are increasing. The diagnosis of these lesions is made by mammography. The histological and radiological aspects are variable and depend on its adipose tissue content. The identification of these lesions is important in order to avoid surgical excisions. We report radio-clinical and pathological records of breast hamartoma.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...AI Publications
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
More analysis on environment protection and sustainable agriculture - A case ...AI Publications
This study presents a case of tea and coffee crops , esp. environment protection and sustainable agriculture in Son La and Thai Nguyen of Vietnam. Research results show us that The process of having an agricultural product goes through many steps such as planting, planning, harvesting, packing, transporting, storing and distributing. - The State adopts policies to encourage innovation of agricultural production models and methods towards sustainability, adapting to climate change, saving water, and limiting the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. chemicals and products for environmental treatment in agriculture; develop environmentally friendly agricultural models. Our research limitation is that we can expand for other crops, industries and markets as well.
Assessment of Growth and Yield Performance of Twelve Different Rice Varieties...AI Publications
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of growth and yield performance of twelve different rice varieties under north Konkan coastal zone of Maharashtra” was carried out during the kharif season of the year 2021 and 2022 on the field of ASPEE, Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, Tansa Farm, At Nare, Taluka Wada, District Palghar, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The twelve varieties namely Zini, Jaya, Dandi, Rahghudya, Govindbhog, Dangi, Gurjari, VNR-7, VNR-8, VNR-9, Karjat-3, and Karjat-5 were replicated thrice. The plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of panicles (m²), and length of panicle (cm) were noted to the maximum with cv. “VNR-7”. The highest number of seeds per panicle, test weight (gm), grain yield (q/ha), and straw yield (q/ha) were recorded with the cv. “VNR-7”. While the lowest number of days to 50% flowering was also recorded with cv. “VNR-7” during the year 2021 and 2022.
Cultivating Proactive Cybersecurity Culture among IT Professional to Combat E...AI Publications
In the current digital landscape, cybercriminals continually evolve their techniques to execute successful attacks on businesses, thus posing a great challenge to information technology (IT) professionals. While traditional cybersecurity approaches like layered defense and reactive security have helped IT professionals cope with traditional threats, they are ineffective in dealing with evolving cyberattacks. This paper focuses on the need for a proactive cybersecurity culture among IT professionals to enable them combat evolving threats. The paper emphasis that building a proactive security approach and culture can help among IT professionals anticipate, identify, and mitigate latent threats prior to them exploiting existing vulnerabilities. This paper also points out that as IT professionals use reactive security when dealing with traditional attacks, they can use it collaboratively with proactive security to effectively protect their networks, data, and systems and avoid heavy costs of dealing with cyberattack’s aftermaths and business recovery.
The Impacts of Viral Hepatitis on Liver Enzymes and BilrubinAI Publications
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections. Hepatitis A causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. The hepatitis A virus spreads through contact with an infected person’s stool. Protection by getting the hepatitis A vaccine. Hepatitis E is typically an acute infection that gets better without treatment after several weeks. Some types of hepatitis E virus are spread by drinking water contaminated by an infected person’s stool. Other types are spread by eating undercooked pork or wild game. Hepatitis B can cause acute or chronic infection. Recommendation for screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women or in those with a high chance of being infected. Protection from hepatitis B by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C can cause acute or chronic infection. Doctors usually recommend one-time screening of all adults ages 18 to 79 for hepatitis C. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent liver damage. The hepatitis D virus is unusual because it can only infect those who have a hepatitis B virus infection. A coinfection occurs when both hepatitis D and hepatitis B infections at the same time. A superinfection occurs already have chronic hepatitis B and then become infected with hepatitis D. The aim of this study is to find the effect of each type of viral hepatitis on the bilirubin (TB , DSB) , and liver enzymes; AST, ALT, ALP,GGT among viral hepatitis patients. 200 patients were selected from the viral hepatitis units in the central public health laboratory in Baghdad city, all the chosen cases were confirmed as a positive samples , they are classified into four equal group each with fifty individual and with a single serological viral hepatitis type either; anti-HAV( IgM ) , HBs Ag , anti-HCV ,or anti-HEV(IgM ). All patients were tested for; serum bilirubin ( TB ,D.SB ) , AST , ALT , ALP , GGT. Another fifty quite healthy and normal person was selected as a control group for comparison. . Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBVAST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver cell damage than AST, It is relatively specific for hepatocyte necrosis with a marked elevations in viral hepatitis. Liver enzymes and bilirubin changes are more pronounced in HAV, HEV than HCV and HBV.AST and ALT lack some sensitivity in detecting HCV ,HBV and mild elevations of ALT or AST in asymptomatic patients can be evaluated efficiently by considering ,hepatitis B, hepatitis C. ALT is generally a more sensitive indicator of acute liver
Determinants of Women Empowerment in Bishoftu Town; Oromia Regional State of ...AI Publications
The purpose of this study was to determine the status of women's empowerment and its determinants using women's asset endowment and decision-making potential as indicators. To determine representative sample size, this study used a two-stage sampling technique, and 122 sample respondents were selected at random. To analyze the data in this study, descriptive statistics and a probit model were used. The average women's empowerment index was 0.41, indicating a relatively lower status of women's empowerment in the study area. According to the study's findings, only 40.9% of women were empowered, while the remaining 59.1% were not. The probit model results show that women's access to the media, women's income, and their husbands' education status have a significant and positive impact on the status of women's empowerment, while the family size of households has a negative impact. As a result, it is important to enhance women's access to the media and income, promote family planning and contraception, and improve men's educational status in order to improve the status of women's empowerment.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
2. Gunawan et al. International Journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science (IJHAF)
7(1)-2023
Int. j. hortic. agric. food sci.
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the form of broad leaves, high number of leaves, healthy and
large plant crowns and healthy roots. Vegetable plant
products that have healthy and large crowns have a higher
selling value (Suwahyono & PS, 2014).
The benefits of EM-4 in agriculture include
improving the physical, chemical and biological properties
of the soil, increasing crop production and maintaining
production stability, providing the nutrients needed by
plants, increasing the diversity of beneficial microbes in the
soil. The purpose of this research to determine the effect of
the combination of manure and EM-4 on the growth and
yield of red spinach and to study its benefits as a source of
Fe nutrients for health.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The materials used include: Alluvial planting soil,
manure, red spinach seeds, and EM-4. The tools used
include: Hoes, shovels, knives, polybags measuring 5 kg
(35x35 cm), plant variable measuring equipment and
stationery.
This study was an experimental study using a
randomized block design (RBD) in the combined treatment
of manure with EM-4. As for manure (P) with three levels,
namely: P1 = Dosage of 5 tons of manure / hectare; P2 =
Dose of manure 10 tons / hectare; P3 = Dose of manure 15
tons / hectare; while giving the concentration of EM-4 (K)
with three levels, namely: K1 = 5 ml EM-4 / liter of water;
K2 = 10 ml EM-4 / liter of water; K3 = 15 ml EM-4 / liter of
water.From the two treatments, 9 treatment combinations
were obtained which were then repeated 3 times, so that 27
experimental units were obtained.The statistical analysis of
this study was carried out with the help of the SPSS
program. Data collection methods used during the
implementation include direct practice through research
activities, observation of variables and observations of
plants as well as through literature studies. To find out the
extent of the influence between treatments, Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) was used, while Duncan's test was used
to test the mean difference between treatments with a level
of 5% (Hanafiah, 2005).
III. RESULTS AND OBSERVATION
1. Plant Height
The results of the statistical analysis showed that
the combined treatment with manure and EM-4 had a
significant effect on all observed ages, namely 10, 17, 24
and 31 days after planting on the red spinach plant height
variable (Table 1).
Based on table 1 below, the P3K2 and P3K3
treatments from the beginning to the end of the observation
showed a tendency to give a better value compared to other
combination treatments, and statistically up to the end of the
observation (31 days after planting) the effect of the
difference was not significant, namely the highest yield
achieved by the P3K3 treatment of 30.20 cm while the P3K2
treatment was 29.37 cm.
Table 1. The Mean Value of Plant Height in the Combination Treatment of Manure and EM-4 at Various Ages Observations
with a 95% confidence level.
Combination
Treatment
Mean Plant Height (cm)
10 AAP 17 AAP 24 AAP 31
P1K1
P1K2
P1K3
P2K1
P2K2
P2K3
P3K1
P3K2
P3K3
3.40 a
3.47 a
3.83 ab
4.30 bc
4.40 bcd
4.47 bcd
4.73 cd
5.00 cd
5.13 d
5.53 a
6.67 a
6.70 a
7.87 b
8.40 bc
8.83 bc
9.37 c
10.53 d
10.97 d
14.30 a
15.33 a
17.17 b
17.97 bc
18.57 bc
19.67 cd
21.07
21.87 and
22.63 and
18.43 a
18.27 a
21.33 b
20.90 b
22.33 bc
24.03 c
26.73 d
29.37 and
30.20 and
Note: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different on Duncan's 5% test
As for the visualization in graphical form, the
combination treatment of manure and EM-4 gave a significant
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effect on the variable plant height at the age of observation
10, 17, 24 and 31 days after planting, presented in Figure 1
below
Fig.1. Graph of Average Plant Height (cm) Due to the Combination Treatment of Manure and EM-4 at Various Ages of
Observation.
Nitrogen (N) in manure mainly functions to stimulate
overall plant growth, especially stems, branches and leaves.
The formation of green leaves is also closely related to the
element nitrogen. In addition, this element is influential in the
formation of proteins, fats, and various other organic
compounds. The nutrient element phosphorus (P) for plants
functions more to stimulate root growth, especially the roots
of young plants. Certain types of protein require the element
phosphorus as a raw material. Phosphorus also functions to
help assimilation and respiration, as well as accelerating the
ripening of seeds and fruit. The nutrient element potassium
(K) is primarily used to help form proteins and carbohydrates.
Giving this element will strengthen the plant so that leaves,
flowers and fruit do not fall easily. In addition, potassium also
makes plants resistant to disease and drought (Simanungkalit
et al., 2006).
According to Amin (2015), that some of the
beneficial effects of EM-4 are as follows: improving
germination, flower formation, fruit, and maturity of crop
yields, improving the physical, chemical and biological
environment of the soil and suppressing the growth of pests
and diseases in the soil, increasing plant photosynthetic
capacity, guaranteeing better plant germination and growth by
increasing the benefits of organic matter as fertilizer.
2. Number of Leaves
The results of the statistical analysis showed that the
combined treatment with manure and EM-4 had a significant
effect on all observed ages, namely 10, 17, 24 and 31 days
after planting (Table 2).
Table 2. The Mean Value of the Number of Leaves in the Combination Treatment of Manure and EM-4 at Various Ages
Observations with a 95% confidence level.
Combination
Treatment
Mean Number of leaves
10 AAP 17 AAP 24 AAP 31
P1K1
P1K2
P1K3
P2K1
P2K2
2.00 a
2.00 a
2.00 a
2.00 a
2.00 a
4.00 a
4.50 ab
4.93 bc
5.77 cd
5.60 cd
8.33 a
8.17 a
9.20 ab
9.53 ab
10.37 bc
10.33 a
10.87 a
11.87 ab
12.53 bc
13.87 c
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P2K3
P3K1
P3K2
P3K3
2.27 a
2.60 b
2.83 b
2.83 b
6.00 d
7.00 and
7.60 if
8.03 f
11.53 c
13.87 d
14.10 of
15.53 and
14.03 c
15.87 d
16.50 d
16.53 d
Note: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different on Duncan's 5% test
Based on table 2 above, it shows that there is also a
tendency for the P3K2 and P3K3 treatments from the
beginning to the end of the observation to give a better value
compared to the other combination treatments, and
statistically up to the end of the observation (31 days after
planting) the effect of the difference is not significant,
namely the highest yield achieved by the P3K3 treatment of
16.53 while the P3K2 treatment was 16.50 for the variable
number of leaves of the red spinach plant.
As for visualization in graphical form, the combination
treatment of manure and EM-4 gave a significant effect on
the variable number of leaves of the red spinach plant at the
age of observation 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after planting,
presented in Figure 1 below.
Fig.2. Graph of Average Number of Leaves Due to the Combination Treatment of Manure and EM-4 at Various Ages of
Observation.
Manure besides containing nutrients and minerals can
also improve soil structure like compost. The advantage of
manure is that it facilitates the absorption of rainwater, can
increase humus, improve soil structure and increase the life
of decomposing microorganisms. The most important
nutrients in manure for plants include nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These three nutrients are
most needed by plants. The three types of nutrients are very
important because each has a very important function for
plant growth (Agromedia, 2007).
EM-4 is able to play a role in fermenting organic matter
in the soil into organic elements quickly, and is able to
increase soil fertility and plant productivity because EM-4
(effective microorganisms 4) contains fermenting bacteria
of the genus Lactobacillus, fermented mushrooms,
Actinomycetes photosynthetic bacteria, phosphate
solubilizing bacteria and yeast (Daeli, 2020).
Based on the results of the above study, the combination
treatment of manure and EM-4 was proven to be able to
increase the growth of red spinach plants which can be
shown in the variable increase in plant height by 63.86%
and number of leaves by 60.02% in the P3K3 treatment
compared to the P1K1 combination treatment.
3. Fresh Weight per Plant
The results of the statistical analysis showed that
the combined treatment with manure and EM-4 had a
significant effect on the variable fresh weight per plant at
the age of 31 days after planting (Table 3).
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Table 3. Value of Mean Fresh Weight per Plant in the Combination Treatment of Manure and EM-4 Observation at 31 Days
After Planting with a Confidence Level of 95%.
Combination
Treatment
Fresh Weight per Plant
(gram)
Percentage of Increase in Fresh
Weight per Plant Against P1K1
P1K1
P1K2
P1K3
P2K1
P2K2
P2K3
P3K1
P3K2
P3K3
63.70 a
63.60 a
68.83 ab
71.27 bc
74.00 bc
77.80 cd
82.37 of
88.10 if
94.13 f
00
00
8,05
11,88
16,17
22,14
29,31
38,30
47,77
Based on table 3 it shows that at the end of the
observation, the highest yield was achieved by the P3K3
treatment of 94.13 grams or giving a percentage increase in
fresh weight per plant of 47.77% which was not
significantly different from the P3K2 treatment of 88.10
grams or the percentage increase in fresh weight per plant
of 38 .30% compared to the P1K1 combination treatment.
Plant growth is an irreversible measure where the
indicator can be known from the increase in size and the
number of plant vegetative and generative growth
parameters (Harjadi, S. 1991). Based on the results of the
above study, the combination treatment of manure and EM-
4 was proven to be able to increase the yield of red spinach
which could be shown in an increase in fresh weight per
plant variable of 47.77% compared to the P1K1 combination
treatment.
The photosynthetic bacteria present in EM-4 form
useful substances which produce nucleic acids, amino acids
and bioactive substances which function to bind nitrogen
from the air. Lactic acid bacteria function to ferment organic
matter into lactic acid, accelerate the breakdown of organic
matter, lignin and cellulose and suppress pathogens.
Actinomycetes produce antimicrobial substances from
amino acids. Yeast produces antibiotic substances, produces
enzymes and hormones, yeast secretions become substrates
for effective microorganisms lactic acid bacteria
actinomycetes. Fermented fungi are able to quickly
decompose organic matter which produces anti-microbial
alcohol esters, eliminates bad smells, prevents harmful
insects and caterpillars.
IV. DISCUSSION
Red spinach is a vegetable plant that has a fairly high
nutritional content. In several developing countries, spinach
is promoted as a source of vegetable protein, because it has
a double function to meet nutritional needs and public health
services. This plant contains lots of protein, fat,
carbohydrates, potassium, amarantin, purines and vitamins
(A, B and C), while the richest nutrient content in spinach
is iron (Fe). This nutrient is what the body needs to stimulate
the formation of red blood cells. Consuming spinach is
synonymous with protecting oneself from the symptoms of
anemia which makes the body weak. Red spinach leaves are
good for the kidneys and digestive organs; because the fiber
content is high enough so that it can overcome constipation
and smooth bowel movements. The nutritional content in
red spinach can lower cholesterol, blood sugar, improve
blood circulation and reduce excessive blood pressure. Red
spinach can also sweep away dirty blood residue (Jumiati,
2009).
Anemia is a condition in which red blood cells do not
meet the physiological needs of the body. These
physiological needs are different for each person, which can
be influenced by gender, place of residence, smoking
behavior, and stage of pregnancy. Based on WHO, anemia
in pregnancy is established when the hemoglobin (Hb) level
is <11 g/dL. Meanwhile, the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention defines anemia as a condition with Hb levels <11
g/dL in the first and third trimesters, Hb <10.5 g/dL in the
second trimester, and <10 g/dL in postpartum. The
incidence of anemia or lack of blood in pregnant women in
Indonesia is still relatively high, namely as much as 48.9%
(according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2019).
This condition explains that anemia is quite high in
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Indonesia and shows rates approaching severe public health
problems (severe public health problem) with an anemia
prevalence limit of more than 40% (Ministry of Health RI,
2013). Anemia does not only have an impact on the mother,
but also on the baby being born. Babies who are born are
likely to have little or no iron reserves at all, so that it will
cause anemia in babies who are born. The impact of anemia
on pregnant women can be observed from the magnitude of
maternal morbidity and mortality, increased fetal morbidity
and mortality, and increased risk of low birth weight
(Mirantika & Asi, 2018).
Nutritional anemia is very common in Indonesia.
From a public health perspective, nutritional anemia is
mainly caused by iron deficiency, so nutritional anemia is
often referred to as iron deficiency anemia. Anemia due to
iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia in pregnant
women compared to other nutritional deficiencies. The high
prevalence of iron deficiency anemia can have negative
consequences such as low physical work ability and work
productivity, low intellectual ability and low immunity,
causing high morbidity rates. Thus the functional
consequence of iron deficiency anemia causes a decrease in
the quality of human resources. Ideally to overcome the
problem of iron deficiency anemia is by supplementing or
administering iron preparations in the form of syrup or pills
as medicine, but this program is still felt to be ineffective,
especially due to distribution problems; Therefore it is
necessary to intake Fe nutrients through the consumption of
red spinach which is proven to have a high content of Fe
nutrients.
Based on data from the RI Ministry of Health, that
every 100 grams of fresh red spinach contains 7.0 mg iron,
520 mg calcium, 0.20 mg copper, 0.20 mg thiamine, 2.2
grams fiber, 0.8 mg zinc and 88. 5 grams of water. This
shows that the content of iron, calcium, copper, thiamine,
fiber, zinc and water including high and quite high.
Consuming fresh red spinach regularly according to the
RDA (Nutrition Adequacy Rate) or according to the
nutritional needs per day from the Indonesian Ministry of
Health, is very beneficial for health (Pane et al., 2020),
including:
a. Preventing the occurrence of stroke, is the benefit of the
high content of calcium, copper and zinc.
b. Supports the production of hemoglobin, as a benefit of
the high iron content.
c. Balances the level of blood acidity, as a benefit of the
high calcium content.
d. Overcome and prevent the risk of anemia, as a benefit of
the high iron content.
e. Reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) and increasing good
cholesterol (HDL) in the blood, are the benefits of quite
high fiber content.
f. Reducing the risk of hypertension, as a benefit of the
high content of water, calcium and copper.
g. Keep blood sugar stable, as the benefits of quite high
content of fiber and zinc.
h. Minimizes the risk of diseases of the cardiovascular
system, due to the high content of calcium, copper and
thiamine.
i. Strengthens blood clotting, as a benefit of high calcium
content.
Another benefit is as an ingredient in traditional
medicine, and also for beauty. Red spinach root can be used
as a cure for dysentery. Red spinach leaves and flowers are
efficacious for treating asthma and eczema. Even to some
extent, red spinach can overcome various types of internal
diseases. For external medicinal purposes, red spinach can
be used as a cosmetic ingredient (beauty). Red amaranth
seed extract is efficacious as a remedy for vaginal discharge
and excessive bleeding in women who are menstruating.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the research results, it can be concluded
as follows:
a). There was a significant effect of the combination
treatment of manure with EM-4 studied, namely on the
variables of plant height, number of leaves and fresh
weight per plant; and statistically, the P3K2 treatment,
namely the dose of 15 tons/Ha and 10 ml EM-4 per liter
of water, gave a better value for all of these variables
because it was considered more effective and efficient
than the P3K3 treatment, where the two combination
treatments showed no significant difference.
b). Consuming fresh red spinach regularly according to the
Nutrition Adequacy Rate is very beneficial for health,
especially for preventing anemia because based on a
study by the Indonesian Ministry of Health that every
100 grams of fresh red spinach contains 7.0 mg iron, 520
mg calcium, 0.20 mg copper, 0.20 mg of thiamine, 2.2
grams of fiber, 0.8 mg of zinc and 88.5 grams of water.
This shows that the content of iron, calcium, copper,
thiamine, fiber, zinc and water including high and quite
high.
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