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Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 1
Uwc‡Ki bvg
KZZg wewmGm?
35 36 37 38 40
Aa¨vq GK : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewj
cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg-mvgwqK Kv‡ji
BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ
3 6 2 2 4
fvlv Av‡›`vjb 1 2 - 1
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb - - 1 1
Qq-`dv Av‡›`vjb 1966 - 1 1 1 1
MY-Afz¨Ìvb 1968-69 - - - - 1
1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb - - - -
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 1971 - 1 - -
7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY, ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYv, gywRebMi miKv‡ii MVb I
Kvh©vewj, gyw³hy‡×i iY‡K․kj, gyw³hy‡×
e„nr kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv, cvK evwnbxi
AvZ¥mgc©Y Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q
4 3 3 1 1
Aa¨vq `yB : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`-
km¨ Drcv`b Ges Gi eûgyLxKiY, Lv`¨
Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv
2 3 3 2 3
Aa¨vq wZb
evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v I Av`gïgvwi 2 1 4 2 1
‡Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ - 2 1 1 1
Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
Dbœqb cwiKíbv †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx 1 2 - 1 1
RvZxq Avq-e¨q - - - 1 1
ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP - - - 1 1
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb - - - -
Aa¨vq cvuP : evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨
wkí Drcv`b 2 - 1 1 1
cY¨ Avg`vwb I ißvwbKiY 1 - 2 1 2
Mv‡g©›Um wkí I Gi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbv,
•e‡`wkK †jb-‡`b, A_© †cÖiY
- - 1 - 1
e¨vsK I exgv e¨e¯’vcbv - - 1 1
Aa¨vq Qq : evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb :
cÖ¯Ívebv I •ewkó¨, †g․wjK AwaKvimn
ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmg~n, msweav‡bi
ms‡kvabmg~n
2 3 2 3 4
Aa¨vq mvZ : evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‣bwZK e¨e¯’v
ivR‣bwZK `jmg~‡ni MVb, f~wgKv I
Kvh©µg
- - - -
ÿgZvmxb I we‡ivax `‡ji cvi¯úvwiK
m¤úK©vw`
- - - 1
01. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb e„nËi
evsjv kvmb K‡ib? (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. 1498 1516 wLª. L.
1498-1517 wLª.
M. 1498-1518 wLª. N.
1498-1519 wLª. DËi N
e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv
eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni
kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519 wLª.|
Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493-
1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ| û‡mb kv‡ni
mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq|
wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv Rq K‡ib|
Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI
Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY
wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui AwaKv‡i
Av‡m|
evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb
kvn Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb ivResk‡K
DrLvZ K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K
evsjviv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb
Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³
K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi
Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi
evsjv‡`k welqvewj
bZzb wm‡jev‡mi Av‡jv‡K wcÖwjwgbvwi cixÿvi cÖkœ we‡kølY
01. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb
e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ib?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. 1498 1516 wLª.
L. 1498-1517 wLª.
M. 1498-1518 wLª.
N. 1498-1519 wLª. DËi N
e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv
eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni
kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519 wLª.|
Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493-
1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ| û‡mb kv‡ni
mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq|
wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv Rq K‡ib|
Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI
Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY
wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui AwaKv‡i
Av‡m|
evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb kvn
Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb ivResk‡K DrLvZ
K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K
evsjviv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb
Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³
K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi
Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi hyw³ Ackb
ÔNÕ Gi gva¨‡gB †gjv‡bv m¤¢eci|
40Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi
cÖkœ I mgvavb
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 2
mykxj mgvR I Pvc m„„wóKvix †Mvôxmg~n
Ges G‡`i f~wgKv
- - - 1 1
Aa¨vq AvU : evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi e¨e¯’v
AvBb, kvmb I wePvi wefvMmg~n - - 1 1 1
AvBb cÖYqb, bxwZ wba©viY - - - 1 1
RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi cÖkvmwbK
KvVv‡gv, cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm I ms¯‥vi
1 - 1 2
Aa¨vq bq
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b 2 2 1 2 2
wewkó e¨w³Z¡ 1 - - -
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb I ¯’vcbvmg~n - - - -
RvZxq cyi¯‥vi
evsjv‡`‡ki †Ljvayjvmn Pjw”PÎ,
MYgva¨g-mswkøó welqvw`
3 - 1 1 1
Ab¨vb¨ 5 5 2 1
03. BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb †K?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. cZ©yMxRiv L. Bs‡iRiv
M. Ij›`vRiv N. divmxiv DËi K
e¨vL¨v : 1498 mv‡j BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi
Rjc_ me©cÖ_g Avwe®‥vi K‡ib cZz©wMR bvMwiK fv‡¯‥v-
`v-Mvgv| fv‡¯‥v `v Mvgvi GB Avwe®‥vi ‣ewk^K
mv¤ªvR¨ev‡`i BwZnv‡m AwZ Zvrch©¨c~Y© wQj KviY Gi
gva¨‡gB cZ©ywMR‡`i fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k `xN©Kvjxb
Dcwb‡ek ¯’vc‡bi c_ myMg n‡qwQj| Zviv 1516 mv‡j
evsjvq Av‡m| evsjvq Ij›`vRiv Av‡m 1630 mv‡j,
Bs‡iRiv 1658 mv‡j Ges divwmiv 1674 mv‡j me©‡kl
evsjvq Av‡m|
04. 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq RvwZms‡N †Kvb †`k
evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ †f‡Uv cÖ`vb K‡iwQj? (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. hy³ivR¨ L. d«vÝ DËi N
M. hy³ivóª N. †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
e¨v¨L¨v : চাতত঳ংখ নাযওী৞ ঴তযামজ্ঞ, মভৌতরও
ভানফাতধওায রঙ্ঘননয তফরুনে মওান ওামযওয ফযফস্থা গ্র঴ণ
ওযনত ঩ানযতন। প্রওৃত঩নে „মবন া‟ েভতা ঳ম্পন্ন ঩াাঁঘত
ফৃ঴ৎ ঱তিধয যানেয ফাইনয চাতত঳ংনখয তনচস্঩ উনদযানক
মবন া মদ঑৞ায েভতা তঙর ঳ীতভত। তনফ মুে তফযততয চন্য
চাতত঳ংনখ ৩ ফায প্রস্তাফ উত্থাত঩ত ঴৞। মথা :
ও. ৪ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১ (USA প্রস্তাফ মদ৞)
ঔ. ৫ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১
(Av‡R©w›Ubvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wbivcËv cwil‡`i 8wU †`k)
ক. ১৩ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১ (USA প্রস্তাফ মদ৞)
তওন্তু USSR ৩ ফাযই মবন া (অথয আতভ ভাতন না) মদ঑৞ায
ওাযনণ মুেতফযতত ঴৞তন।
05. e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK 7-B gv‡P©i fvlY ‡Kvb Zdwm‡j
AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. PZz_© Zdwmj L. cÂg Zdwmj
M. lô Zdwmj N. mßg Zdwmj DËi L
e¨vL¨v : 15Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ৭ ভাঘয
তাতযনঔ ঢাওায ময঳নওা঳য ভ৞দানন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ
ভুতচফুয য঴ভাননয মদ঑৞া বালণ cÂg Zdwm‡j mshy³
Kiv nq|
06. e½f½Kv‡j fvi‡Zi fvBmiq †K wQj? (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. jW© KvR©b L. jW© Iqv‡fj
M. jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub N. jW© wjbwj_‡Mv DËi K
e¨vL¨v : ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৯ চুরাই ঳যওানযয ঘূড়ান্ত ত঳োন্ত
মভাতানফও ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৬ই অনটাফয ওামযওয ঴৞।
বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ওাচযন।
07. evsjv‡`‡k ‡Kvb ebf~wg kvj e„‡ÿi Rb¨ weL¨vZ?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. wm‡j‡Ui ebf~wg
L. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ebf~wg
M. fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg
N. Lyjbv, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjxi ebf~wg DËi M
e¨vL¨v : fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg kvj e„‡ÿi Rb¨
weL¨vZ| G e‡bi cÖavb e„ÿ kvj ev MRvix| G A‡ji
ebf~wg‡K cÎ cZbkxj e„‡ÿi ebf~wg ejv nq|
08. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ †Kvb †Rjvq?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. dwi`cyi L. iscyi
M. Rvgvjcyi N. †kicyi DËi K
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ nq
dwi`cyi †Rjvq|
02. cÖvPxb evsjv †gŠh© kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv
†K? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. A‡kvK †g․h©
L. P›`ª¸ß †g․h©
M. mgy`ª¸ß
N. †KvbwUB bq DËi L
e¨vL¨v : ‡g․h© kvm‡bi m¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv
wQ‡jb P›`ª¸ß †g․h©¨| wZwb 322 wLªóc~e©vã
n‡Z 298 wLªóc~e©v‡ã †¯^”Qv Aem‡i †bqv
ch©šÍ ivRZ¡ K‡ib| P›`ª¸ß Zvui ivR‡Z¡i
†kl ch©šÍ Zvwgj I Kwj½ AÂj e¨wZ‡i‡K
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk ¯’vb AwaKvi
Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| c~‡e© evsjv †_‡K
cwð‡g AvdMvwb¯Ívb I †ejywP¯Ívb, Dˇi
Kvk¥xi †_‡K `wÿ‡Y `vwÿYvZ¨ gvjf~wg ch©šÍ
Zvi kvmb cÖwZwôZ wQj| Z‡e DËi evsjvq
mv¤ªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡i m¤ªvU A‡kvK|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 3
09. evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY- (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. 2 †KvwU 40 jÿ GKi
L. 2 †KvwU 50 jÿ GKi
M. 2 †KvwU 25 jÿ GKi
N. 2 †KvwU 21 jÿ GKi DËi
e¨vL¨v : weweGm cÖKvwkZ K…wl cwimsL¨vb el©MÖš’ 2017
Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 2
†KvwU 11 jÿ †n±i| K…wl ïgvwi 2008 Gi Z_¨
†gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 1
†KvwU 90 jÿ 97 nvRvi 544 GKi|
10. evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡iv DcRvwZ †Kvb †Rjvq evm K‡i?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg L. wm‡jU
M. gqgbwmsn N. Uv½vBj DËi M
e¨vL¨v : Mv‡iv DcRvwZiv emevm K‡i gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj,
†kicyi I †b·KvYv ‡Rjvq| Z‡e gqgbwmsn †Rjvi Mv‡iv
cvnvo GjvKvq gvw›` bv‡g cwiwPZ GB ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôxi g~j
NvuwU| ZvB ï× DËi gqgbwmsn|
11. 2018 mv‡j cvi K¨vwcUv wRwWwc (bwgbvj) KZ?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi
L. $ 1751 gvwK©b Wjvi
M. $ 1752 gvwK©b Wjvi
N. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi DËi
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2018 Abymv‡i,
gv_vwcQz wRwWwc 1,677 gvwK©b Wjvi Ges Per Capita
GNI 1,752 gvwK©b Wjvi| weweG‡mi Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK,
gv_vwcQz GNI n‡jv 1,751 gvwK©b Wjvi|
12. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ nq KZ mv‡j?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. 1972 L. 1973
M. 1974 N. 1975 DËi M
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq 1974 mv‡j
Ges 5g Av`gkygvwi nq 2011 mv‡j| lô Av`gïgvwi
AbywôZ n‡e 2021 mv‡j|
13. ÔInclusive Development Index’ Gi wfwˇZ
`wÿY Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
K. cÖ_g ¯’vb L. wØZxq ¯’vb
M. Z…Zxq ¯’vb N. PZz_© ¯’vb DËi L
e¨vL¨v : ÔInclusive Development Index‟ Gi wfwˇZ
`wÿY Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb wØZxq Ges we‡k^ 34Zg|
Gwkqvi †`kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ kx‡l© i‡q‡Q †bcvj (22Zg)|
14. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvbx Avq KZ?
K. 40 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
L. 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
M. 42 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
N. 43 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi DËi L
e¨vL¨v : 2017-2018 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvwb Avq
AwR©Z nq 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| evwYR¨ gš¿x †Zvdv‡qj
Avn‡g` Av. d. g. evnvDwÏb bvwm‡gi GK wjwLZ e³‡e¨i
Rev‡e G Z_¨ Rvbvb|
15. Alliance ‡h †`kwfwËK Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi
msMVbÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm) DËi L
K. hy³iv‡R¨i L. hy³iv‡óªi
M. KvbvWvi N. BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi
e¨vL¨v : DËi Av‡gwiKvi †µZv‡`i †RvU A¨vjv‡qÝ di
evsjv‡`k IqvK©vi †mdwU ev ÔAllianceÕ hy³ivóªwfwËK
Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi msMVb| 2013 mv‡j ivbv cøvRv a‡mi
NUbvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki •Zwi †cvkvK Lv‡Zi wbivc` Kg©
cwi‡ek •Zwii j‡ÿ¨ GB ÔA¨vjv‡qÝÕ MwVZ nq|
16. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb
KZ? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 29.66% L. 30.66%
M. 32.66% N. 33.66%^ DËi N
e¨vL¨v : A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2018 Abyhvqx, wRwWwc‡Z
wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb 33.71% hv ÔNÕ Ack‡bi KvQvKvwQ|
17. 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i ißvwb cÖ‡Yv`bv ivLv n‡q‡QÑÑ
K. mv‡o 4 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv
L. mv‡o 5 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv
M. mv‡o 3 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv
N. mv‡o 6 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv DËi K
e¨vL¨v : 2018-19 A_© eQ‡i ißvwb e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ Av‡Mi
†P‡q 500 †KvwU UvKv e„w× K‡i 4,500 †KvwU UvKv
ißvwb cÖ‡Yv`bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
18. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g f¨vU Pvjy nqÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 1991 mv‡j L. 1973 mv‡j
M. 1986 mv‡j N. 1996 mv‡j DËi K
e¨vL¨v : 1991 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g g~j¨
ms‡hvRb Ki (Value Added Tax) ev g~mK
(VAT) Pvjy nq| evsjv‡`‡k g~mK-Gi nvi 15
kZvsk| GB Drm †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki m‡ev©”P Avq nq|
19. msweav‡bi †Kvb ms‡kvab‡K ÔFirst distortion of
constitution’ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq? (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. cÂg ms‡kvab L. PZz_© ms‡kvab DËi K
M. Z…Zxq ms‡kvab N. wØZxq ms‡kvab
e¨vL¨v : cÂg ms‡kvab‡K ÔFirst distortion of
constitution‟ ev Ômsweav‡bi cÖ_g weK…wZÕ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ RvwZi
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 4
wcZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨vi ci †gRi
wRqvDi ingvb ÿgZvq Av‡mb| wZwb 1979 mv‡j
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi †ek wKQz ms‡kvab
Av‡bb hv e¨vcK weZ‡K©i Rb¥ †`q|
20. ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ msweav‡bi KZ bs Zdwm‡j
ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. PZz_© L. cÂg
M. lô N. mßg DËi N
e¨vL¨v : cÂ`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ১০ এতপ্রর, ১৯৭১
এয ভুতচফনকয ঳যওানযয চাতযওৃত স্঩াধীনতায মখালণা
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi mßg
Zdwm‡j ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
21. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖewZ©Z nq (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. 17 GwcÖj, 1971 L. 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1972
M. 7 gvP©, 1972 N. 26 gvP©, 1973 DËi L
e¨vL¨v :
o ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান প্রণ৞ননয উনেনে ১৯৭২ ঳ানরয ১১
চানু৞াতয তত্ওারীন যাে঩তত চাততয ত঩তা ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয
য঴ভান (১২ চানু৞াতয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর প্রধানভন্ত্রীয দাত৞ত্ব
গ্র঴নণয ঩ূফয ঩মযন্ত তততন যাে঩তত তঙনরন) ঱া঳নতাতন্ত্রও
আনদ঱/঳াংতফধাতনও আনদ঱ চাতয ওনযন।
o কণ঩তযলনদয প্রথভ অতধনফ঱ন ফন঳ ১০ এতপ্রর, ১৯৭২
঳ানর। কণ঩তযলনদয প্রথভ তস্ধওায তঙনরন ঱া঴ আব্দুর ঴াতভদ
এফং প্রথভ মি঩ুত তস্ধওায তঙনরন মভা঴াম্যদ উল্লা঴।
o ৪ ননবম্বয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধাননয ঔ঳ড়া
কণ঩তযলনদ কৃ঴ীত ঴৞। এচন্য ৪ ননবম্বয „঳ংতফধান তদফ঳‟
঩াতরত ঴৞।
o কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান ওামযওয ঴৞ ১৬ ই
তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর।
22. msweav‡bi ‡Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` miKvix Kg© Kwgkb (PSC)
MV‡bi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 137 bs Aby‡”Q`
L. 135 bs Aby‡”Q‡`
M. 138 bs Aby‡”Q‡`
N. 134 bs Aby‡”Q‡` DËi K
e¨vL¨v : msweav‡bi 137 bs Aby‡”Q‡` miKvix Kg©
Kwgkb (PSC) MV‡bi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| D³ Aby‡”Q‡`
ejv n‡q‡Q- Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvB‡bi Øviv GK ev
GKvwaK miKvwi Kg© Kwgkb cÖwZôvi weavb Kiv hv‡e|
GKRb mfvcwZ I AvB‡bi Øviv †h-iKg wba©vwiZ n‡e,
†m iKg Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K wb‡q cÖ‡Z¨K Kwgkb MwVZ
n‡eÕ|
23. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Qq `dv †ck Kiv n‡qwQj - (40Zg
wewmGm)
K. 1966 mv‡j L. 1967 mv‡j
M. 1968 mv‡j N. 1969 mv‡j DËi K
e¨vL¨v : ১৯৬৬ ঳ানরয ৫- ৬ মপব্রু৞াতয রান঴ানয মঘৌধুযী
মভা঴াম্যদ আরীয ফা঳বফনন অনুতিত তফনযাধী দরগুনরায
঳নম্যরনন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয য঴ভান
ঐতত঴াত঳ও „ঙ৞ দপা ওভয঳ূতঘ‟ ম঩঱ ওনযন। এত ফঙ্গাতর
চাততয ভুতিয ঳নদ (Charter of Independence) ফরা ঴৞।
২৩ ম঱ ভাঘয, ১৯৬৬ আনুিাতনওবানফ ৬ দপা দাতফ মখালণা
ওযা ঴৞।
24. e½eÜzmn AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi †gvU Avmvgx msL¨v
wQj KZ Rb? (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 34 Rb L. 35 Rb
M. 36 Rb N. 32 Rb DËi L
e¨vL¨v : ফাঙ্গাতর চাতী৞তাফাদ আনদারননয মপ্রো঩ন
যাচননততও মনতৃফৃনদয ঳঴নমাতকতা৞ মরেঃ ওভান্িায
মভা৞ানেনভয মনতৃনত্ব ঩ূফয- ফাংরানও তফতিন্ন ওনয যােী৞
েভতা দঔনরয প্রনঘষ্টা ঳ংক্রানন্তয অতবনমানক ফঙ্গফন্ধুনও
প্রধান আ঳াভী ওনয মভা ৩৫ চননয তফরুনে AvMiZjv lohš¿
ভাভরা দান৞য ওযা ঴৞|
25. AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª †Kvb ai‡bi ms¯’v?
K. A_©‣bwZK L. gvbevwaKvi
M. ag©xq N. †Ljvayjv DËi L
e¨vL¨v : AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª gvbevwaKvi wb‡q KvR
Kivi cvkvcvwk AvBbMZ mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
1966 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ G ms¯’vwUi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ 9
Rb|
26. Almond I Powel Pvc m„wóKvix ‡Mvôx‡K wef³
K‡i‡QbÑÑ
K. 3 fv‡M L. 4 fv‡M
M. 5 fv‡M N. 6 fv‡M DËi L
e¨vL¨v : AvjgÛ I cvI‡qj Pvc m„wóKvix †Mvôx‡K 4
(Pvi) fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb| h_v- K. ¯^Z:ùzZ© ¯^v_©‡Mvôx,
L. msMVb wfwËK ¯^v_©‡Mvôx, M. msMVbnxb ¯^v_©‡Mvôx
Ges N. cÖvwZôvwbK ¯^v_©‡Mvôx|
27. evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni ÑÑÑÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 146Zg m`m¨ L. 136Zg m`m¨
M. 126Zg m`m¨ N. 116Zg m`m¨ DËi L
e¨vL¨v : 26‡k Ryb, 1945 mv‡j 50wU †`k RwZmsN
mb‡` ¯^vÿi K‡i| GQvovI 15B A‡±vei, 1945 mv‡j
†cvj¨vÛ RvwZmsN mb‡` ¯^vÿi K‡i| †gvU 51wU †`k
wb‡q 24 †k A‡±vei, 1945 mv‡j Bqvëv m‡¤§j‡bi
gva¨‡g RvwZms‡Ni hvÎv Avi¤¢ nq| evsjv‡`k
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 5
RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ nq 17B †m‡Þ¤^i, 1974 mv‡j
136Zg †`k wn‡m‡e| RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ 193wU †`k|
`wÿY my`vb| †`kwU 9B RyjvB, 2011 mv‡j ¯^vaxb
nIqvi ci 14B RyjvB RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ wn‡m‡e AšÍfz©³
nq| RvwZms‡Ni ch©‡eÿK †`k f¨vwUKvb wmwU (Holy
See) Ges wdwjw¯Íb (Palestine) ch©‡eÿK wn‡m‡e
h_vµ‡g 1964 Ges 2012 mv‡j AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq|
28. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g RvZxq msm‡`i wbe©vPb nq
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. 7 †deªæqvwi, 1973
L. 7 Rvbyqvwi, 1973
M. 7 gvP©, 1973
N. 7 GwcÖj, 1973 DËi M
e¨vL¨v : ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 7
gvP©, 1973 mv‡j| GKv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb
AbywôZ nq 30 wW‡m¤^i, 2018 mv‡j|
29. Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
Pvjy Kiv nq (40Zg wewmGm)
K. 13 nvRvi 125wU
L. 13 nvRvi 130wU
M. 13 nvRvi 136wU
N. 13 nvRvi 146wU DËi M
e¨vL¨v : 2017 mv‡j RvZxq msm‡`i GK cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e©
ZrKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x †gvnv¤§` bvwmg e‡jb, Z…Yg~j chv©‡q
¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡c․u‡Q †`evi Rb¨ 13, 136wU KwgDwbwU
wK¬wbK ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30. Let there be light weL¨vZ QwewUi cwiPvjbv K‡ib-
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. AvgRv` †nv‡mb
L. Rwni ivqnvb
M. Lvb AvZvDi ingvb
N. †kL ‡bqvgZ Avjx DËi L
e¨vL¨v : ÔLet there be light‟ weL¨vZ QwewUi
cwiPvjK wQ‡jb Rwni ivqnvb| GB QwewU †kl n‡Z bv
n‡ZB gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nq| Zvui cÖ_g Pjw”P‡Îi bvg
KL‡bv Av‡mwb (1961)| GQvovI wZwb †mvbvi KvRj
(1962), Kvu‡Pi †`qvj (1963, wbMvi cyiæ¯‥vi cÖvß),
m½g (1964, mg¯Í cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g iw½b Qwe), evnvbv
(1965, Zvui wbwg©Z cÖ_g wm‡bgv‡¯‥vc Qwe), †eûjv
(1966), Av‡bvqvi (1967), Rxeb †_‡K †bqv
(1970, fvlv Av‡›`vjb wfwËK) cÖf…wZ Qwei cwiPvjbv
K‡ib|
01. wbe©vnx wefvM †_‡K wePvi wefvM c„_K Kivi welqwU
msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` D‡jøL i‡q‡Q?
K. Aby‡”Q` 24 L. Aby‡”Q` 21
M. Aby‡”Q` 22 N. Aby‡”Q` 23 DËi : M
e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱- এয ঳ংতফধাননয ২২ নং
অনুনিনদ তনফযা঴ী তফবাক ঴নত তফঘায তফবাক ঩ৃথওীওযনণয
ফযা঩ানয উনল্লঔ যন৞নঙ। ১রা ননবম্বয, ২০০৭ ঳ানর তফজ্ঞতিয
ভাধযনভ মপৌচদাতয ওামযতফতধ ওামযওয ওযা ঴৞। এয আনক
২০০৭ ঳ানরয ১১ চানু৞াতয কতিত তত্ত্বাফধা৞ও ঳যওায
তনফযা঴ী তফবাক মথনও তফঘায তফবাক ঩ৃথওীওযনণয রনেয
মপৌচদাতয ওামযতফতধ (঳ংন঱াধনী) অধযানদ঱ ২০০৭ চাতয
ওনয (২০০৯ ঳ানর আইনন ঩তযণত ঴৞)।
02. evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z (GDP) K…wl Lv‡Zi (dmj,
eb, cÖvwYm¤ú`, grm¨mn) Ae`vb KZ kZvsk?
K. 16 kZvsk L. 12 kZvsk
M. 18 kZvsk N. 14.79 kZvsk DËi : †bvU
e¨vL¨v : ২০১৭- ১৮ অথযফঙনযয ঳াভত৞ও ত঴঳াফ অনুমা৞ী
তচতিত঩নত অফদান ওৃতল ঔানতয অফদান ১৪. ১০
঱তাং঱। প্রনে প্রদত্ত উত্তয঳ভূন঴য ভনধয ঳ফনঘন৞ ওাঙাওাতঙ
উত্তয তঙর ১৪.৭৯ ঱তাং঱। তাই এ উত্তযত গ্র঴ণ ওযা মমনত
঩ানয। ম঳নেনে ঳তিও উত্তয (খ)। A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv
2019 Abymv‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb 13.60
kZvsk| wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb µgk Kg‡Q|
03. wkï g„Zz¨i nvi n«v‡m mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ MYcÖRvZš¿x
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv wK A¨vIqvW©
AR©b K‡i‡Qb?
K. Planet 50-50
L. এভতিতচ এযা঑৞ািয – ২০১০
M. RvwZmsN kvwšÍ cyi¯‥vi
N. m¤§vbm~PK W±‡iU wWMÖx
e¨vL¨v : gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿xi cyi¯‥vimg~n-
২০১৮ : বাযনতয ঩তিভফনঙ্গয আ঳ানন঳ানরয ‚ওাচী নচরুর
ই঳রাভ তফশ্বতফদযার৞‛ ২৬মভ, ২০১৮ ঳ানর তফন঱ল ঳ভাফতযন
উৎ঳নফ তফশ্বতফদযারন৞য ঩ে মথনও ফাংরানদন঱য ভাননী৞
প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও ‘তি- তর ’ তিতগ্র প্রদান ওযা ঴৞।
২০১৬ : তরঙ্গ ঳ভতা ঑ নাযীয েভতা৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য
চাতত঳ংনখয রৃত অযা঑৞ািয ম঩ন৞নঙন ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ
঴াত঳না। ঩ুযস্কাযগুনরা ঴র- „Planet 50-50 Champion‟ ঑
„Agent for Change Award‟। „Planet 50-50
Champion‟ ঩ুযস্কাযত মদ঑৞া ঴৞ UN Women এয ঩ে
মথনও। আয „Agent for Change Award‟ মদ৞ Global
Partnership Forum.
২০১৫ : „Champion of the Earth‟ চরফা৞ু ঩তযফতযনন
ছুাঁতও মভাওানফরা৞ চাতত঳ংখ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও
এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয।
39Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cÖkœ I mgvavb
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 6
২০১৫ : ITU (International Telecommunication
Union) Award. তিতচ ার ফাংরানদ঱ কিন ঑ তথয প্রমুতিয
উন্ন৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য চাতত঳ংখ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ
঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয।
২০১৫ : WIP (Women in Parliament) Global
Award. যাচনীততনত নাযী ঩ুরুনলয বফলভয ওভাননায মেনে
দতেণ ঑ দতেণ -঩ূফয এত঱৞া৞ মনতৃস্থানী৞ বুতভওা ঩ারননয চন্য
২৫ ভাঘয ইতথ঑ত঩৞ায যাচধানী আতে঳ আফাফা৞ এই ঩ুযস্কায মদ৞া
঴৞।
২০১৪ : ঱াতন্তফৃে ঩দও (Peace Tree Award)। নাযী ঑
ত঱রৄ ত঱ো উন্ন৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য “UNESCO ”ভাননী৞
প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয। এঙাড়া঑
ঔাদয উৎ঩াদন ঑ তথয প্রমুতি মেনে অবূত঩ূফয ঳াপনরযয চন্য
ম঳নেম্বয ,২০১৪঳ানর মুিযানেয ওননযর ইউতনবাত঳যত ভাননী৞
প্রধানভন্ত্রীম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঳ম্যাননা ঳াত যতপনও প্রদান ওনয।
২০১৩ : South South Award. ঔাদয তনযা঩ত্তা এফং
েুধা ঑ দাতযদ্র্য তফনভাঘনন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য চাতত঳ংনখয
“ইন্ াযন্যা঱নার অকযানাইনচ঱ন পয ঳াউথ ঳াউথ মওা অ঩ানয঱ন ”
ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয।
২০১৩ : চাতত঳ংখ ঔাদয ঑ ওৃতল ঳ংস্থা ( FAO) দতযদ্র্তা,
অ঩ুতষ্ট দূয ওযায মেনে উনল্লঔনমাকয অগ্রকতত অচযন ওযা৞ ১৬
চুন ,২০১৩ফাংরানদ঱নও„ Diploma Award‟ ঩দনও
বূতলত ওনয।
২০১২ : ঱াতন্ত ঑ কণতন্ত্র প্রততিা৞ বূতভওা যাঔায চন্য তে঩ুযা
মওন্দ্রী৞ তফশ্বতফদযার৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও ঳ম্যান঳ূঘও ‘তি
তর ’ তিতগ্র প্রদান ওযা ওনয।
২০১১ : ২৬ চানু৞াতয ইংরযানন্িয ঴াউ঳ অফ ওভনেয তস্ধওায
Jhon Bercwo MP ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রীনও কণতন্ত্র ঩ুনুরুোনয
দূযদ঱যী মনতৃত্ব, সু঱া঳ন, ভানফাতধওায যো, আঞ্চতরও ঱াতন্ত
঑ চরফা৞ু ঩তযফতযননয ঘযানরঞ্জ মভাওানফরা৞ ঳নঘতনতা ফৃতেনত
তায অনফদয অফদাননয চন্য Global Diversity Award
প্রদান ওনযন ।
২০১১ : South South Award . স্঩াস্থযঔানত তথয প্রমুতিয
ফযফ঴ানযয ভাধযনভ নাযী ঑ ত঱রৄ ভৃতুযয ঴ায ওভাননায মেনে তফন঱ল
অফদাননয চন্য International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) South South News, এফং চাতত঳ংনখয
আতিওা ঳ংক্রান্ত অথযননততও ওতভ঱ন মমৌথবানফ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী
ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও South South Award 2011 : Digital
Development Health এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয ।
২০১১ : স্঩ণয঩দও ( কণতন্ত্র সু঳ং঴তওযনণ প্রনঘষ্টা ঑ নাযীয
েভতা৞নন অফদান যাঔায চন্য) , িতপন তফশ্বতফদযার৞, িাে।
২০১০ : MDG (Millennium Development Goal)
Award : ত঱রৄ ভৃতুযয হ্রা঳ ঳ংক্রান্ত মকার- ৪ অচযননয
স্঩ীওৃততস্঩রূ঩ চাতত঳ংখ এই ঩ুযস্কায প্রদান ওনয।
২০১০ : ২৩ ননবম্বয ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও
আন্তচযাততও উন্ন৞নন অ঳াভান্য অফদাননয চন্য St. Petrsburg
University প্রধানভন্ত্রীনও ঳ম্যান঳ূঘও িটনয তিগ্রী প্রদান
ওনযন।
২০১০ : ১২ চানু৞াতয তফশ্বঔযাত „ইতদযা কান্ধী ঱াতন্ত ঩দও -
২০০৯‟ এ বূতলত ঴ন।
04. ÔRxeb †_‡K †bqvÕ Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK †K?
K. AvjgMxi L. Rwni ivqnvb
M. myfvl `Ë N. AvgRv` †nv‡mb DËi: L
e¨vL¨v : চীফন মথনও মন৞া (১৯৭০) চত঴য যা৞঴াননয বালা
আনদারন তবতত্তও ঘরতিে। ফাংরানদন঱য ইতত঴ান঳ এই
ঘরতিনে প্রথভ চাতী৞ ঳ঙ্গীত ফাচাননা ঴৞। চত঴য যা৞঴াননয
অন্যান্য ঘরতিে঳ভূন঴য নাভ- ওঔননা আন঳তন (১৯৬১,
প্রথভ ঘরতিে), ম঳ানায ওাচর (১৯৬২), ওাাঁনঘয মদ৞ার
(১৯৬৩, ঳ভস্ত ঩াতওস্তাননয প্রথভ যতঙ্গন ঘরতিে), ফা঴ানা
(১৯৬৫, তায প্রথভ তনতভযত ত঳ননভানস্কা঩ ঙতফ), মফর৆রা
(১৯৬৬), আননা৞াযা (১৯৬৭), Let there be light
(Bs‡iwR cÖvgvY¨wPÎ)।
05. gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq-
K. 10B GwcÖj, 1971
L. 14B GwcÖj, 1971
M. 17B GwcÖj, 1971
N. 12B GwcÖj, 1971 DËi : K
e¨vL¨v : ভুতিমুেনও কততভ৞ ঑ সু঳ং঴ত ওযা, বাযনত
আশ্র৞গ্র঴ণওাযী রে রে ফাগাতরয মদঔান঱ানা এফং ফত঴তফযনশ্ব
ফাঙ্গাতর চাততয বাফভূততযনও তুনর ধযায চন্য ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয
ভুতিমুে ঘরাওারীন ঳ভন৞ ‘প্রফা঳ী ঳যওায’
(Government-in-Exile) কিননয তঘন্তা- বাফনা ঘরনত
থানও। ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ১০ ই এতপ্রর ভুতচফনকয মথনও
চাতযওৃত স্঩াধীনতায মখালণা঩নেয ভাধযনভ কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী
ফাংরানদন঱য ১ভ ঳যওায কিন ওযা ঴৞। ১১ ই এতপ্রর,
তাচউতেন আ঴ভদ অর ইতন্ি৞া মযতি঑য ত঱তরগুতড় মওন্দ্রনও
‚স্঩াধীন ফাংরা মফতায মওন্দ্র‛ ত঴ন঳নফ উনল্লঔ ওনয ম঳ঔান
মথনও বালণ প্রদান ওনযন। এয পনর মফাভা ঴াভরা ঴৞। এই
঳যওায ঱঩থ গ্র঴ণ ওনয ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ১৭ ই এতপ্রর।
ফতযভান মভন঴য঩ুয মচরায বফদযনাথতরায বনফয ঩াড়া গ্রাভ
( ফতযভান নাভ ভুতচফনকয) । ভুতচফনকয নাভওযণ ওনযন
তাচউতেন আ঴ভদ। ভুতচফনকয ঳যওায কিন ওযা ঴ন৞তঙর
৫ ত যাচননততও ঳ংকিননয ভাধযনভ। h_v- K. AvIqvgx
jxM, L. b¨vc (fvmvbx), M. b¨vc (‡gvRvddi), N.
evsjv‡`k RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Ges O. evsjv‡`k KwgDwb÷
cvwU©|
06. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi b~¨bZg eqm KZ?
K. 25 eQi L. 20 eQi
M. 30 eQi N. 35 eQi DËi : K
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 7
e¨vL¨v : MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Abymv‡i wewfbœ
c‡` wbe©vP‡bi b~¨bZg eqm-
ivóªcwZ (35) cÖavbgš¿x (25) ¯úxKvi (25)
gš¿x, cÖwZgš¿x, Dcgš¿x I msm` m`m¨ (25 eQi)
07. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †gvU KZwU Zdwmj i‡q‡Q?
K. 8wU L. 5wU
M. 6wU N. 7wU DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱ ঳ংতফধানন তপত঳র
যন৞নঙ মভা ৭ত –
cÖ_g Zdwmj Ab¨vb¨ weavb m‡Ë¡I Kvh©Ki weavb
wØZxq Zdwmj ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb
Z…Zxq Zdwmj kc_ I †NvlYv
PZz_© Zdwmj µvšÍKvj I A¯’vqx weavbgvjv
cÂg Zdwmj 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvi
†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz
†kL gywReyi ingv‡ni †`Iqv fvlY|
lô Zdwmj 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© ga¨ivZ †k‡l
A_©vr 26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i RvwZi wcZv
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…©K cÖ`Ë
¯^vaxbZvi †Nvlbv|
mßg Zdwmj 10 GwcÖj, 1971 Gi gywRebMi
miKv‡ii RvwiK…Z ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv|
08. cjvwk hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj?
K. Ryb 24, 1757 L. Ryb 23, 1757
M. Ryb 25, 1757 N. Ryb 22, 1757 DËi : L
e¨vL¨v: ১৭৫৭ ঳ানরয ২৩ম঱ চুন ভুত঱যদাফানদয মতই঱ ভাইর
দূনয ঩রাত঱য প্রান্তনয ইস্ট ইতন্ি৞া মওাম্পাতন ঑ ত঳যানচয
ভনধয মুে ফানধ। নফানফয ঩নে তঙর ১৮,০০০ অশ্বানযা঴ী ঑
৫০,০০০ ঩দাততও ম঳না এফং অন্যতদনও ইংনযচ ঩নে তঙর
৮০০ ইংনযচ ম঳না ঑ ২,২০০ মদ঱ী৞ ম঳না। নফানফয ম঳না
঳ংঔযা ইংনযচ ঩নেয তুরনা৞ অননও মফত঱ ঴নর঑ এই মুনে
নফানফয রৃই ম঳না঩তত ভীযচাপয ঑ যা৞রৃরযব মুে আযম্ভ
ওনয দূনয ঳নয থানওন, তওন্তু নফানফয অন্য রৃই তফশ্বস্ত
ম঳না঩তত ভীযভদন ঑ মভা঴নরার মুে ঘাতরন৞ মান। নফানফয
চ৞ মঔন সুতনতিত, ম঳ই ঳ভ৞ ভীযভদন ইংনযচনদয মকারায
আখানত তন঴ত ঴ন। এই ঔফনয ত঳যাচ তফঘতরত ঴ন৞
ভীযচাপনযয ঱যণা঩ন্ন ঴ন ঑ তাাঁয ঩যাভ঱য প্রাথযনা ওনযন।
তফশ্বা঳খাতও ভীযচাপয ত঳যানচয ঳ংও ঩ূণয ঩তযতস্থততয
সুনমাক তনন৞ তঔতন মুে ফন্ধ ওযায ঩যাভ঱য মদন। ত঳যাচ মুে
ফন্ধ ওযায আনদ঱ তদনর তাাঁয ঩তন খন । নফাফ ফাত঴নী
ঙেবঙ্গ ঴৞ এফং ত঳যাচ মওাননাভনত প্রাণ তনন৞ ভুত঱যদাফানদ
তপনয আন঳ন। ক্লাইব মুেনেনেই ভীযচাপযনও নতুন নফাফ
ফনর অতবনতদত ওনযন এফং নচযানা মদন। ক্লাইনবয
঳া঴ানময ভীযচাপয ভুত঱যদাফানদয ত঳ং঴া঳নন ফ঳নর ত঳যাচ
ভুত঱যদাফাদ মঙনড় ঩াতরন৞ মান। ওন৞ওতদননয ভনধযই
যাচভ঴নরয ঩নথ ত঳যাচনও ফদী ওনয ভুত঱যদাফানদ তনন৞
আ঳া ঴৞ এফং ভীযচাপয ঩ুে ভীযননয আনদন঱ তাাঁনও ২যা
চুরাই, ১৭৫৭঳ানর তনভযভবানফ ঴তযা ওযা ঴৞।
09. gyw³hy‡×i mgq †b․ KgvÛ MwVZ nq KZ bs †m±i wb‡q?
K. 11 bs †m±i L. 8 bs †m±i
M. 9 bs †m±i N. 10 bs †m±i DËi : N
e¨vL¨v :
ভুতিমুনেয ঳ভ৞ মদ঱নও
১১ত ম঳টনয বাক
ওনযতঙনরন তাচউতেন
আ঴ভনদয তননদযন঱ এভ
এ তচ ঑঳ভানী।
১০ নং মনৌ ম঳টনয
তন৞তভত ম঳টয
ওভান্িায তঙর না।
ভুতিমুনেয ঳াফ- ম঳টয তঙর
৬৪ত ।
ভুতিমুনে ঳ফযাতধনা৞ও তঙনরন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয
য঴ভান।
10. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb wePvicwZ wb‡qvM †`b †K?
K. ivóªcwZ L. cÖavbgš¿x
M. ¯úxKvi N. RvZxq msm` DËi : K
e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱– এয ঳ংতফধাননয ৯৫
নং অনুনিদ অনু঳ানয যাে঩তত প্রধান তফঘায঩ততনও
তনন৞াক মদন।
11. e½f½ i` nq KZ mv‡j?
K. 1912 mv‡j L. 1908 mv‡j
M. 1909 mv‡j N. 1911 mv‡j DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : ফঙ্গবঙ্গ I e½f½ i`: ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৯ চুরাই
঳যওানযয ঘূড়ান্ত ত঳োন্ত মভাতানফও ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৬ই
অনটাফয ওামযওয ঴৞। বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ওাচযন।
ফঙ্গবনঙ্গয ভাধযনভ ফাংরা ২ত বানক তফবি ঴৞।
১৯১১ ঳ানর ফঙ্গবঙ্গ যদ ঴৞। ফঙ্গবঙ্গ যনদয ঳ভ৞ তব্঩ন ননয
যাচা তঙনরন ৫ভ চচয এফং বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ঴াতিযঞ্জ।
১৯১২ ঳ানর যাচধানী ওরওাতা ওযা ঴নর঑ ১৯১২ ঳ানর
তদল্লীনত ঴স্তান্তয ওযা ঴৞ ( ঩ূফয + ঩তিভ ফাংরা = মফঙ্গর
প্রনদ঱)।
12. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i cÖ¯ÍvweZ ev‡R‡Ui
evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ eivÏ KZ Av‡Q?
K. 173,0000 †KvwU UvKv
L. 170,000 †KvwU UvKv
M. 171,000 †KvwU UvKv
N. 172,000 †KvwU UvKv DËi : K
13. cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx ÿgZv Kvi nv‡Z?
K. ivóªcwZ L. gš¿x
M. mwPe N. cÖavbgš¿x DËi : N
e¨v¨L¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱- এয ঳ংতফধাননয ৫৫ (২)
নং অনুনিদ অনু঳ানয মাফতী৞ তনফযা঴ী েভতা প্রধানভন্ত্রীয
দ্বাযাই তন৞তন্ত্রত ঴নফ।
১
২
৩
৪
৫
৬
৭
৮
৯
১১
১০ নং মনৌ ম঳টয
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 8
14. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwci cÖ‡ÿwcZ
cÖe„w×i nvi KZ?
K. 8.00 kZvsk L. 7.28 kZvsk
M. 7.65 kZvsk N. 7.80 kZvsk DËi : N
15. cÖZvc Avw`Z¨ †K wQ‡jb?
K. ivRcyZ ivRv
L. evsjvi kvmK
M. †gvMj †mbvcwZ
N. evsjvi ev‡iv f~BTv‡`i GKRb DËi : N
e¨vL¨v: g~j eY©bvq we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewj
→ cÖvPxb evsjvi nwi‡Kj Rbc` AÂf~³ GjvKv- DËi: PÆMÖvg|
(38Zg wewmGm)
→ wb‡¤œi ‡gvNj m¤ªv‡Ui g‡a¨ †K cÖ_g AvZ¥Rxebx
wj‡LwQ‡jb? DËi: evei| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ HwZnvwmK Qq `dv †NvlYv Kiv nq 1966 mv‡ji- DËi:
‡deªæqvwi‡Z | (38Zg wewmGm)
→ gywRebMi miKv‡ii ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿x †K wQ‡jb? DËi:
G.GBP.Gg Kvgviæ¾vgvb| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ wK‡mi wfwˇZ c~e© evsjvq fvlv Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj? DËi:
ev½vjx RvZxqZvev`| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ 1954 mv‡ji c~e© evsjv cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b hy³ wQ‡jb
bv? DËi: beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ c~e© e½ I Avmvg cÖ‡`k MVbKv‡j e„wUk fvi‡Zi Mfb©i
†Rbv‡ij I fvBmiq wQ‡jb- DËi: jW© KvR©b| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯^vaxb beve †K? DËi: gywk©`Kzwj Lvb|
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wgKvq wbwg©Z Ôax‡i e‡n †gNbvÕ
Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vZv †K? DËi: AvjgMxi Kwei| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ 1954 mv‡ji c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b
hy³d«‡›Ui cÖZxK wQj- DËi: ‡b․Kv| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix cÖ_g Abvie gymwjg †`k
†KvbwU? DËi: gvj‡qwkqv/B‡›`v‡bwkqv (`y‡UvB GKB w`‡b)
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k gh©v`v Abymv‡i 3q exiZ¡m~PK †LZve- DËi: exi
weµg (37Zg wewmGm)
→ HwZnvwmK 6-`dv‡K wK‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq? DËi:
g¨vMbvKvUv©| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjvi ÒwQqvˇii gš^šÍiÓ Gi mgq Kvj: DËi:1770 wLª÷vã|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ ev½vwj RvwZi cÖavb Ask †Kvb g~j RvwZ‡Mvôxi AšÍfz©³?
DËi: Aw÷ªK (36Zg wewmGm)
→ me©`jxq †K›`ªxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq? DËi:
31 Rvbyqvwi 1952| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ 6 `dv `vwe †ck Kiv nq: DËi : 1966 mv‡j| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjvi me©cÖvPxb Rbc‡`i bvg wK? DËi: cyÛªy| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv (‡`k I fvlv) bv‡gi DrcwËi welqwU †Kvb MÖ‡š’
me©vwaK D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: AvBb-B-AvKeix| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ XvKvq jvjev‡Mi `yM© wbg©vY K‡ib - DËi: kv‡q¯Ív Lvb|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ e½eÜzi 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi mgqKv‡j c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b †h Av‡›`vjb PjwQj †mwU nj : DËi: c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ 26 gvP© 1971-Gi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv e½eÜz Rvix K‡ib- DËi:
Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ XvKvi Ô‡avjvB LvjÕ ‡K Lbb K‡ib? DËi: Bmjvg Lvb|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil` †Kvb Zvwi‡L Ab¨Zg
ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ ‡`q? DËi: 9 †g 1954| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ gyw³hy×Kvjxb †Kvb Zvwi‡L eyw×Rxex‡`i Ici e¨vcK
nZ¨vKvÛ msNwUZ nq? DËi: 14 wW‡m¤^i 1971| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k†K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vbKvix cÖ_g BD‡ivcxq ‡`k †KvbwU?
DËi: c~e© Rvg©vwb| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO- Gi `xÿv¸iæ †K wQ‡jb? DËi:
kxjf`ª | (35Zg wewmGm)
→ gnv¯’exi wkjf`ª †Kvb gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jb? DËi:
bvj›`v wenvi| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ jW© K¨vwbs fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g †Kvb e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡ib?
DËi: cywjk e¨e¯’v| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi
cÖ_g `vwe †K DÌvcb K‡ib? DËi: ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë| (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK †K wQ‡jb? DËi:
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ ÔMaking of a Nation BangladeshÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K?
DËi: byiæj Bmjvg| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ Ô`¨v eøvW †UwjMÖvgÕ (The Blood Telegram) MÖš’wUi
†jLK- DËi: M¨vwi ‡R e¨vm| (35Zg wewmGm)
wØZxq Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`
→ evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb- DËi:
µg n«vmgvb (38Zg wewmGm)
→ Ryg Pvl nq- DËi: LvMovQwo‡Z (38Zg wewmGm)
→ cÖavb exR Drcv`bKvix miKvwi cÖwZôvb- DËi:
BADC (37Zg wewmGm)
→ Avjyi GKwU RvZ- DËi: WvqgÛ (37Zg wewmGm)
35-38Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cÖkœ I mgvavb
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 9
→ evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q ‡ewk Drcvw`Z nq- DËi: ‡ev‡iv avb
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Uviwkqvwi cvnvomg~n†K KZ
fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- DËi: 2 fv‡M (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k †ivcv Avgb avb KvUv nq- DËi: AMÖnvqY-‡c․l
gv‡m (36Zg wewmGm)
→ my›`ieb-Gi KZ kZvsk evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgvi g‡a¨
c‡o‡Q? DËi: 62% (36Zg wewmGm)
→ ÔAwMœk^iÕ wK dm‡ji DbœZRvZ? DËi: Kjv (36Zg wewmGm)
→ ÔeY©vjxÕ Ges ÔïåÕ Kx? DËi: DbœZ Rv‡Zi f‚Æv (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ g¨vb‡MÖvf wK? DËi: DcK‚jxq eb (35Zg wewmGm)
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvwi,
RvwZ, †Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ welqvw`
→ PvKgv Rb‡Mvôxi †jvKmsL¨v me©vwaK- DËi: ivOvgvwU
†Rjvq| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq? DËi: 1974 mv‡j|
(38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k B‡KvbwgK wiwfD, 2016 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki
wkï g„Zy¨i nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i RxweZ R‡b¥) DËi: 30|
(38Zg wewmGm)
→ miKvwi wn‡me g‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Mo Avqy- DËi: 70.8 eQi|
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k Household
cÖwZ RbmsL¨v- DËi: 4.4 Rb| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡h wefv‡Mi ¯^vÿiZvi nvi me©vwaK- DËi: ewikvj wefvM|
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡h †Rjvq nvRs‡`i emevm †bB- DËi: gqgbwmsn I
‡b·KvYv ‡Rjvq nvRs‡`i emevm| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki bvix-cyiæl Gi
AbycvZ- DËi: 100 : 100.3| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq K‡e? DËi: 1974 mv‡j|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡Kvb DcRvwZ ev ÿz`ª b„-‡Mvôxi ag© Bmjvg? DËi: cvOb|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ Lvwmqv MÖvg¸‡jv wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? DËi: cywÄ| (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ wek^ RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b 2009 Abyhvqx RbmsL¨vi w`K ‡_‡K
we‡k^ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZZg? DËi: 7g| (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2014 Abyhvqx Mo ¯^vÿiZvi
nvi- DËi: 57.9%| (35Zg wewmGm)
PZz_© Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
→ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Mo g~j¨ùxwZ wQj- DËi:
5.92% (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq MYbvq †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K KÕwU Lv‡Z
fvM Kiv nq- DËi: 15 (38Zg wewmGm)
→ 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv †gqv‡` cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`‡ki Mo
cÖK…Z wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv- DËi: 7.40%
(38Zg wewmGm)
→ MDG Gi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ wK? DËi: ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨ `~i Kiv
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ ECNEC Gi ‡Pqvg¨vb ev mfvcwZ †K? DËi: cÖavbgš¿x
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Abyhvqx mßg cÂevwl©K
cwiKíbv †Kvb †gqv‡` n‡e? DËi: 2016-2020 (35Zg
wewmGm)
cÂg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨
→ evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK DËi: evsjv‡`k K…wl
e¨vsK (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k we`y¨r Drcv`‡b R¦vjvwb wn‡m‡e me©vwaK e¨eüZ
nq DËi: cÖvK…wZK M¨vm (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b me©vwaK cwigvY A‡_©i wewfbœ cY¨ Avg`vwb
K‡i- DËi: Pxb †_‡K (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi EPZ Gi msL¨v- DËi: 8wU (37Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb K‡i- DËi: Pxb (37Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs ïiæ K‡i- DËi: WvP-evsjv
e¨vsK (37Zg wewmGm)
→ U¨vwid Kwgkb ‡Kvb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b- DËi: evwYR¨
gš¿Yvjq (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k ‣Zwi RvnvR Ô‡÷jv †gwimÕ ißvwb n‡q‡Q- DËi:
‡Wbgv‡K© (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evM`v wPswo †Kvb `kK ‡_‡K ißvwb cY¨ wnmv‡e ¯’vb K‡i
†bq? DËi: Avwki `kK (35Zg wewmGm)
→ wek^ evRv‡i eø¨vK †e½j QvM‡ji Pvgov wK bv‡g cwiwPZ?
DËi: Kzwóqv †MÖW (35Zg wewmGm)
→ b¨vPvivj M¨vm dvwU©jvBRvi d¨v±wi wj: Gi Drcvw`Z mvi-
Gi bvg †KvbwU? DËi: BDwiqv Ges GGmwm (35Zg
wewmGm)
lô Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
→ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †Kvb avivq mKj
bvMwiK‡K AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? DËi:
aviv 27| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii g‡Z cÖavb wbe©vPb
Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qv‡Mi †gqv`Kvj- DËi: 5eQi| (38Zg
wewmGm)
→ AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv- DËi: RvZxq msm‡`i| (38Zg
wewmGm)
→ msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` miKvwi Kg© Kwgkb MV‡bi D‡jøL
Av‡Q? DËi: 137| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ RvZxq msm‡` ÔKvDw›UsÕ (mwVK: Kvw÷s) †fvUÕ Kx? DËi:
¯úxKv‡ii †fvU| (37Zg wewmGm)
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 10
→ ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v msweav‡bi KZZg ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g i` Kiv n‡q‡Q? DËi: 15Zg| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡Kvb ivóªxq Abyôv‡b RvZxq msMx‡Zi KZ PiY evRv‡bv nq?
DËi: cÖ_g 4wU| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm` Kq Kÿ wewkó? DËi: GK Kÿ|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k msweav‡b cÖkvmwbK UªvBey¨bvj welqwU †Kvb
Aby‡”Q‡` mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: 117| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ gvÎ GKwU msm`xq Avmb- DËi: ivOvgvwU †Rjvq| (37Zg
wewmGm)
mßg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‣bwZK e¨e¯’v
→ mgv‡R wkwÿZ †kªYxi †h Ask miKvi ev K‡c©v‡iU MÖæ‡c _v‡K
bv, wKš‘ mK‡ji Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi ÿgZv iv‡L- DËi:
mykxj mgvR| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ nevi b~¨bZg
eqm- DËi: 35 eQi| (38Zg wewmGm)
Aóg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi e¨e¯’v
→ ‡`‡ki †Kvb GjvKv‡ZB †fvUvi nbwb Ggb e¨w³ msm`
wbe©vP‡b- DËi: ‡Kvb µ‡gB cÖv_x© n‡Z cvi‡e bv| (38Zg
wewmGm)
→ ‡KvbwU ¯’vbxq miKvi bq - DËi: cjøx we`y¨r| (38Zg
wewmGm)
→ wb‡Pi †KvbwU bvMwi‡Ki `vwqZ¡? DËi: iv¯Ívq UªvwdK AvBb
†g‡b Pjv| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍPzw³ KZ mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ nq? DËi: 1997|
(38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb RvZxq msm‡` cÖavbgš¿xi cÖ‡kœvËi ce© Pvjy
nq? DËi: mßg| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ NILG Gi c~Y©iæc- DËi: National Institute of Local
Government. (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k BDwbqb cwil‡`i msL¨v KZ? DËi: 4550|
(35Zg wewmGm)
beg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b, wewkó e¨w³Z¡,
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb I ¯’vcbvmg~n, RvZxq cyi¯‥vi,
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Ljvayjvmn Pjw”PÎ, MYgva¨g-mswkøó
welqvw`
→ ‡U÷ wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ ‡K cÖ_g Wvej †mÂzwi
K‡ib? DËi: gykwdK| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g b¨v‡bv m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui bvg Kx? DËi: eª¨vK
A‡š^lv| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k Ges gvqvbgv‡ii g‡a¨ mgy`ªmxgv we‡iva †Kvb ms¯’vi
gva¨‡g wb®úwË nq? DËi: International Tribunal for
the Law of the Sea. (38Zg wewmGm)
→ wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`k †U÷ gh©v`v cvq- DËi: 2000 mv‡j|
(37Zg wewmGm)
→ 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i AwR©Z evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×i
nvi- DËi: 7.05%| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ eZ©gvb mg‡q evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii eo AR©b †KvbwU? DËi:
hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cZvKv K‡e M„nxZ nq? DËi: 17
Rvbyqvwi, 1972| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡k †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji msL¨v- DËi:
eZ©gv‡b ÑÑÑÑÑwU| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ 19 †g 2012 †Kvb evsjv‡`wk Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib? DËi:
wbkvZ gRyg`vi| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ weL¨vZ wPÎKg© ÔwZb Kb¨vÕ Gi wPÎKi †K? DËi: Kvgiæj
nvmvb| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ ÔRxebXzjxÕ wK? DËi: GKwU Pjw”P‡Îi bvg| (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ Awf‡l‡K †Kvb wµ‡KUvi cuvP DB‡KU
†c‡q‡Qb? DËi: ZvmwKb Avn‡g`| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡Kvb weL¨vZ g¨vMvwRb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K
ivRbxwZi Kwe (Poet of Politics) AvL¨v w`‡qwQj? DËi:
wbDR DBK&m| (35Zg wewmGm)
Ab¨vb¨
→ gvqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki KqwU †Rjvi mxgvšÍ i‡q‡Q?
DËi: 3wU| (38Zg wewmGm)
→ ‡ebv‡cvj ¯’je›`i msjMœ fviZxq ¯’je›`i- DËi:
‡c‡Uªv‡cvj| (37Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`k wmwfj mvwf©‡m K¨vWvi msL¨v- DËi: 27 | (37Zg
wewmGm)
→ fvi‡Zi KZwU ÔwQUgnjÕ evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgvq
AšÍfz©³ n‡q‡Q? DËi: 111wU| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb †KvbwU? DËi: 880
01‫׳‬ †_‡K
920
41‫׳‬ c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k| (36Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËi †Rjv KZwU? DËi: 19wU| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ ÔïfjsÕ SiYv †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? DËi: ivOvgvwU| (36Zg
wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki DòZg ¯’v‡bi bvg wK? DËi: jvjcyi, bv‡Uvi|
(36Zg wewmGm)
→ Ô‡mvqvP Ae †bv MÖvDÛÕ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? DËi: e‡½vcmvM‡i|
(35Zg wewmGm)
→ ÔAwjf UviUjÕ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb Øx‡c cvIqv hvq? DËi:
†m›UgvwU©b| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ cÖvwšÍK n«` ‡Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? DËi: ev›`ievb| (35Zg
wewmGm)
→ h‡kvi †Rjvq Aew¯’Z wej- DËi: fe`n| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ Mfxi mgy`ª e›`i wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ †mvbvw`qv Øx‡ci
AvqZb KZ? DËi: 9 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| (35Zg wewmGm)
→ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb AÂj‡K 360 AvDwjqvi †`k ejv nq?
DËi: wm‡jU| (35Zg wewmGm)
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 11
cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg mvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm; fvlv Av‡›`vjb; 1954
mv‡ji wbe©vPb; Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb 1966; MY Afz¨Ìvb 168-69; 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb; Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 1971; 7 gv‡P©i
HwZnvwmK fvlY; ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv; gywRebMi miKv‡ii MVb I Kvh©vewj; gyw³hy‡×i iY‡K․kj; gyw³hy‡× e„nr kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv;
cvK evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q|
Õ
cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‣bwZK BwZnvm
‡g․h© hy‡M evsjv
327-326 wLªóc~e©v‡ã wMÖK exi Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii fviZ
Avµg‡Yi mgq †_‡K cÖK…Z BwZnvm cvIqv hvq| wMÖK
†jLK‡`i K_vq evsjv‡`‡k ÔM½vwWiBÕ bv‡g GKwU kw³kvjx
RvwZi evm¯’vb wQj fvMxi_x I cÙvi ga¨eZx© A‡j| wMÖK
MÖš’KviMY M½vwWiB QvovI ÔcÖvwmAqÕ bv‡g Aci GK RvwZi
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Avµg‡Yi mgq evsjvi
ivRv gMavw` †`k Rq K‡i cvÄve ch©šÍ ivR¨ we¯Ívi
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb cvUwjcy‡Îi b›`eskxq †Kvb ivRv|
☼ P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© (wLª÷c~e© 324-300 Aã)
→ ‡g․h© esk cÖwZwôZ nq 321 wLªóc~e©v‡ã|
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii fviZ Z¨v‡Mi gvÎ `yB eQi ci 321
wLªóc~e©v‡ã ‡g․h© m¤ªvU P›`ª¸ß †g․h© fvi‡Zi GK wekvj
A‡ji Ici †g․h© es‡ki cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vcb K‡ib|
P›`ª¸ß ‡g․h© Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †mbvcwZ †mjyKvm‡K civwRZ
K‡ib| †mjyKvm wLªóc~e© 302 A‡ã wMÖK `~Z †gMvw¯’wbm‡K
wn‡m‡e P›`ª¸‡ßi ivR`iev‡i †cÖiY K‡ib| wMÖK cwieªvRK
†gMvw¯’wbm K‡qK eQi G ‡`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i †g․h© kvmb
m¤ú‡K© Zvui AwfÁZv ÔBwÛKvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ wjwce× K‡ib|
→ P›`ª¸ß †g․h©‡K ejv cÖvPxb evsjv †g․h© kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv
→ P›`ª¸ß †g․h©‡K ejv nq fvi‡Zi cÖ_g m¤ªvU|
→ ivRavbx- cvUvwjcyÎ| cÖavbgš¿x PvYK¨| PvYK¨ Gi
QÙbvg †K․Uj¨| †K․wUj¨ iwPZ MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔA_©kv¯¿Õ|
PvY‡K¨i Ab¨ Av‡iKwU bvg Ôweòz¸ßÕ|
→ fviZ PvYK¨ bxwZ‡Z P‡j|
→ ‡h ivRv kÎæi MwZwewa m¤ú‡K©
aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges ïay
Awf‡hvM K‡i †h Zvi wc‡V
QzwiKvNvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K
wmsnvmbPz¨Z Kiv DwPZ| (PvYK¨)
☼ m¤ªvU A‡kvK (wLª÷c~e© 269-232 Aã)
→ DËi evsjvq †g․h© kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq- m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki
(‡g․h© es‡ki Z…Zxq kvmK) ivRZ¡Kv‡j| AÂjwU
†g․h©‡`i GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ n‡qwQj| cÖvPxb cyЪbMi
wQj G cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx|
→ gnv¯’vbM‡o m¤ªvU A‡kv‡K GKwU wkjvwjwc cvIqv hvq|
→ Kw_Z Av‡Q, m¤ªvU A‡kvK Kwj½ hy‡× fqvenZv †`‡L
‡e․×ag© MÖnY K‡i| GRb¨ Zv‡K †e․× a‡g©i
Kb÷vbUvBb ejv nq|
¸ß hy‡M evsjv
→ ¸ß hyM‡K fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
nq| ¸ß‡`i mg‡q ivRZš¿ †Kgb wQj mvgšÍ wbf©i| ¸ß
ivRv‡`i Aax‡b eo †Kv‡bv A‡ji kvmK‡K ejv n‡Zv
gnvmvgšÍ| ‡g․h©‡`i g‡Zv G‡`‡k ¸c͇`i ivRavbx wQj-
gnv¯’vbM‡oi cyЪbMi|
→ ¸ß es‡ki cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv ejv nq cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß‡K|
Zvui gva¨‡g fvi‡Z ¸ß mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ nq 320
wLªóv‡ã|
☼ mgy`ª ¸ß (340-380 wLª÷vã)
→ ¸ß es‡ki ‡kÖô kvmK mgy`ª¸ß mgMÖ evsjv Rq K‡ib|
Zvu‡K cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ‡b‡cvwjqb ejv nq|
→ mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivRZ¡Kv‡j mgMÖ evsjv Rq Kiv n‡jI mgZU
wQj Ki` ivR¨|
☼ wØZxq P›`ª¸ß (380-415 wLª÷vã)
mgy`ª¸‡ßi g„Zz¨i ci cvUvwjcy‡Îi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb wØZxq
P›`ª¸ß| Zvui Dcvwa wQj Ôweµgvw`Z¨Õ| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi
kvmbvg‡j •PwbK Zx_©hvÎx dv-wn‡qb fviZe‡l© G‡mwQ‡jb|
wZwbB cÖ_g Pxbv cwieªvRK wn‡m‡e fviZe‡l© G‡mwQ‡jb|
Zvui fviZ md‡ii 7wU eB‡qi g‡a¨ Ô‡dv-Kz‡qv-wKsÕ
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
⸕ g‡b ivLyb : dvnv` (dvnv- dv- wn‡qb, `- wØZxq
P›`ª¸ß)|
`ya©l© cvnvwo ûb RvwZi cÂg kZ‡K evsjv Avµg‡Y ¸ß
kvm‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U|
¯^vaxb †M․o ivR¨, kkvsK I gvrm¨b¨vq
→ cieZ©x ¸ß esk : ¸ß mvgªv‡R¨i cZ‡bi ci lô kZ‡K
ÔcieZx© ¸ß eskÕ e‡j cwiwPZ ¸ß DËivwaKvix ivRvMY
DËi evsjv, cwðg evsjvi DËivsk I gM‡a ÿgZv
cÖ_g Aa¨vq⋰ ⋱evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewjt
cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg-mvgwqK Kv‡ji
BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 12
we¯Ívi K‡iwQ‡jb| lô kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q G
AÂjB Ô†M․o Rbc`Õ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
☼ kkv¼
→ mvgšÍivRv kkv¼ †M․o A‡j ÿgZv `Lj K‡i- 594
wLªóv‡ãi †Mvovi w`‡K|
→ kkv¼ cÖ_g ‡M․‡o ivR¨ ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb
cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g mve©‡f․g bicwZ|
→ kkv¼‡K gnvmvgšÍ ejv nq KviY ¸ß‡`i Aax‡b eo
A‡ji kvmK wQ‡jb| aviYv Kiv nq kkv¼ ¸ß ivRv
gnv‡mb¸‡ßi GKRb ÔgnvmvgšÍÕ Ges Zvui cyÎ A_ev
åvZz®úyÎ|
→ kkv‡¼i ivRavbxi bvg KY©myeY© (gywk©ev‡` Aew¯’Z)
→ kkv‡¼i †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv me©cÖ_g DËi fviZxq
ivRbxwZ‡Z wjß nevi ÿgZv I ej mÂvi K‡i| kkv¼
637 wLªóv‡ãi wKQz Av‡M g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| kkv‡¼i ag©
‣ke wQj|
☼ nl©ea©b :
→ ivR¨ea©‡bi g„Zz¨i ci wmsnvm‡b e‡mb nl©ea©b|
01. Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO Gi `xÿv¸iæ †K wQ‡jb?
(35Zg wewmGm)
K. AZxk `xc¼i L. gvûqvb
M. kxjf`ª N. †gMvw¯’wbm DËi : M
02. gnv¯’exi kxjf`ª †Kvb gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jb?
(35Zg wewmGm)
K. Avb›` wenvi L. †Mvwm‡cv wenvi
M. bvj›`v wenvi N. †mvgcyi wenvi DËi : M
e¨vL¨v : nl©ea©‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji Pxbv †e․× cwÐZ wnD‡qb mvO
630 wLªóv‡ã fviZ md‡i Av‡mb| wnD‡qb mvO bvj›`v
gnvwenv‡ii Aa¨ÿ kxjf‡`ªi Kv‡Q †e․× ag©kv¯¿ Aa¨qb
K‡ib| Gici wZwb ÔwmwÜÕ bv‡g GK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
wnD‡qb mvO ivRv kkv¼‡K †e․×ag© we‡Ølx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib| nl©ea©‡bi mfvi evbfÆ Ônl©PwiZÕ iPbv K‡ib|
wewfbœ †`k †_‡K Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMZ cwieªvRK
cwieªvR‡Ki bvg ‡`‡ki bvg ‡Kvb kvm‡Ki Avg‡j
dv-wn‡qb Pxb wØZxq P›`ª¸ß
gv-ûqvb Pxb wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn
wnD‡qb mvO Pxb nl©ea©b
‡gMvw¯’wbm wMÖm P›`ª¸ß †g․h©
Be‡b eZzZv gi‡°v gynv¤§` web ZzNjK (fviZ)
dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn (evsjv)
o kkv‡¼i g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi BwZnv‡m cÖvq 100 eQi
(mßg-Aóg kZK) a‡i GK `y‡h©vMc~Y© AÜKvigq hy‡Mi
m~Pbv nq| G mgqKvj‡K gvrm¨b¨vq ejv nq|
o gvrm¨b¨vq : evsjvi AivRKZvi mgqKvj‡K cvj
Zv¤ªkvm‡b AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôgvrm¨b¨vqÕ| cyKz‡i
eo gvQ †QvU gvQ‡K a‡i wM‡j †djvi g‡Zv wek„•Lj
cwiw¯’wZ‡K e‡j gvrm¨b¨vq| G AivRKZvi hyM P‡j
GKk eQie¨vcx| Aóg kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS G AivRKZvi
Aemvb N‡U cvj ivR‡Z¡i DÌv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q|
cvjesk (750-1161 wLªóvã)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© kvmK [Mvav giv- †Mvcvj (cÖwZôvZv), ag© cvj,
gnx cvj, ivg cvj]
→ evsjvq cÖ_g eskvbyµwgK kvmb ïiæ nq cvj es‡ki
gva¨‡g| cvjv ivRviv wQ‡jb †e․× ag©vj¤^x|
→ cvj ivRv‡`i mg‡q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i GKgvÎ cÖvPxb
wb`k©b ÔPh©vc`Õ iwPZ nq|
→ cvj ivRv‡`i wcZ…f~wg wQj e‡i›`ª|
☼ ‡Mvcvj (750-781)
→ gvrm¨b¨v‡qi AivRKZv‡K †`‡L evsjvi ivRc‡`
‡Mvcv‡ji kvmb mK‡j ‡g‡b †bq| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z
†Mvcvj 27 eQi kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvaywbK
M‡elKMY g‡b K‡ib, †Mvcvj 750 †_‡K 781 wLªóvã
ch©šÍ †`k kvmb K‡ib| cvj es‡ki cÖwZôvi ga¨ w`‡q
evsjv‡`‡k bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq|
‡Mvcv‡ji wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq cvj
es‡ki ivR‡Z¡i ïiæ nq| cvj es‡ki ivRvMY GKUvbv
ÔPvikÕ eQi G‡`k kvmb K‡ib|
☼ ag©cvj (781-821 wLª÷vã)
→ ‡Mvcv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- ag©cvj
(781-821 wLªóvã)| cvj ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB wQ‡jb
me©‡kÖô| evsjv I wenvie¨vcx Zvui kvmb cÖwZwôZ wQj|
→ bvMfÆ I ag©cv‡ji g‡a¨ hy× nq- bvMfÆ K‡b․R `Lj
Kivi Kvi‡Y|
03. cvnvocyi †e․× wenv‡ii wbg©vZv †K? (24Zg wewmGm
wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj)
K. ivgcvj L. ag©cvj
M. P›`ª¸ß †g․h© N. Avw`k~i DËi : L
04. cvnvocy‡ii †e․× wenviwU wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? (10g
wewmGm)
K. †mvgcyi wenvi L. ag©cvj wenvi
M. RMÏj wenvi N. kÖx wenvi DËi : K
→ e¨vL¨v : ag©cvj : ag©cvj wQ‡jb †e․× a‡g©i Abymvix|
cvj ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB m‡e©v”P mve©‡f․g Dcvwa
ci‡gk^i, cigfÆviK gnvivRvwaivR Dcvwa aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb| fvMjcy‡ii 24 gvBj c~‡e© wZwb GKwU †e․×
wenvi ev gV wbg©vY K‡ib| weµgkxj Zvui wØZxq bvg ev
Dcvwa Abymv‡i GwU Ôweµgkxj wenviÕ bv‡g L¨vZ wQj|
bIMvu †Rjvi cvnvocyi bvgK ¯’v‡bI ag©cvj GK wekvj
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 13
wenvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| GwU Ô†mvgcyi wenviÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| GB ¯’vcZ¨ RvwZms‡Ni BD‡b‡¯‥v KZ©„K
wek^mf¨Zvi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e (Iqvì© †nwi‡UR) ¯^xK…Z
n‡q‡Q| Zvivbv‡_i g‡Z, ag©cvj †e․×ag© wkÿvi Rb¨
50wU wkÿv‡K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb|
→ ag©cv‡ji cÖavbgš¿x bvg wQj- MM©| MM© wQ‡jb GKRb
eªvþY| Zvui eskaiMY A‡bKw`b a‡i cvj ivRv‡`i
wewfbœ c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb|
→ ag©cv‡ji cy‡Îi bvg- †`e cvj (821-861)| Zvi mg‡q
cvj mv¤ªvR¨ me‡P‡q †ewk we¯Ívi jvf K‡i‡Q|
→ ‡`ecv‡ji c„ô‡cvlKZvq bvj›`v wek¦we`¨vjq mgMÖ
Gwkqvq ‡e․× ms¯‥…wZi cÖavb cÖvY‡K›`ª n‡q D‡VwQj|
Rvfv, mygvÎv I gvj‡qi •k‡j›`ª es‡ki gnvivR
evjcy·`e‡K bvj›`vq GKwU gV cÖwZôvi AbygwZ `vb
K‡iwQ‡jb| G NUbv †_‡K `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi Øxccy‡Äi
mv‡‡_ evsjvi Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
‡`ecv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci `ye©j‡PZv kvmK cvj es‡ki
wmsnvm‡b e‡m, d‡j µ‡g cvj mv¤ªvR¨ cZbgyLx nq| G
aviv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K †`ecv‡ji cyÎ cÖ_g weMÖncvj †_‡K
wØZxq weMÖncvj ch©šÍ|
☼ gnxcvj I Ab¨vb¨
→ wØZxq weMÖncv‡ji cy‡Îi bvg- cÖ_g gnxcvj (AvbygvwbK
995-1043 wLªóvã)| Zvui Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨
KxwZ© n‡jv K‡g¦vR RvwZi weZvob Ges c~e©e½ AwaKvi
K‡i cvj mv¤ªvR¨ cybtcÖwZôv|
→ gnxcv‡ji ivRZ¡Kvj wQj- 50 eQi|
→ w`bvRcy‡ii gnxcvj `xwN I gywk©`vev‡`i gnxcv‡ji
mvMi`xwN wbg©vY K‡ib- gnxcvj|
→ cvj mv¤ªvR¨ eûL‡Ð wef³ n‡q hvq- Z…Zxq weMÖncv‡ji
mg‡q|
‣KeZ© we‡`ªvn
DËie‡½i e‡i›`ª A‡ji mvgšÍeM© wØZxq gnxcv‡ji
mg‡q cÖKv‡k¨ we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib| BwZnv‡m G we‡`ªvn
Ô‣KeZ© we‡`ªvnÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| ‣KeZ© we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv
wQ‡jb •KeZ© bvqK w`‡e¨vK ev w`e¨| wZwb wØZxq
gnxcvj‡K nZ¨v K‡i e‡i›`ª `Lj K‡i †bb Ges wbR
kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib|
☼ ivgcvj (1082-1124 wLª÷vã)
→ cvj es‡ki me©‡kl mdj kvmK wQ‡jb- ivgcvj| cÖvPxb
evsjvi Kwe mܨvKi b›`x iwPZ ÔivgPwiZÕ †_‡K
ivgcv‡ji RxebK_v Rvbv hvq|
→ ivgcvj ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib- gvj`‡ni KvQvKvwQ
ÔivgveZxÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b| cieZ©x cvj ivRv‡`i Avg‡j
ivgveZxB mv¤ªv‡R¨i ivRavbx wQj|
‡mb kvmbvg‡j evsjv (1061-1204 wLª÷vã)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© kvmKmg~n : mv‡nweej [mvgšÍ ‡mb (cÖ_g cyiæl),
†ngšÍ ‡mb (cÖwZôvZv), weRq †mb (‡kÖô ivRv), ejøvj
†mb, j²Y †mb (‡kl ivRv/‡kl wn›`y ivRv)]
→ ‡mb es‡ki ivRv‡`i Avw`wbevm- `wÿYv‡Z¨i KY©vUK|
→ ‡mb hy‡M hyeivR‡`i h‡_ó cÖfve wQj Ges †R¨ô
ivRKzgvi hyeivR n‡Zb| cvj es‡ki kvmbvg‡j ivwb‡K
ivRKxq gh©v`v †`Iqv nq|
→ KY©v‡U exiZ¡ cÖ`k©b K‡i †kl eq‡m ivp A‡j M½v
b`xi Zx‡i emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib- mvgšÍ †mb|
☼ ‡ngšÍ †mb
→ mvgšÍ †m‡bi cyÎ †ngšÍ †mb‡K †mb es‡ki cÖwZôvZv ejv
nq| Kvib mvgšÍ †mb ivR¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
→ aviYv Kiv nq ‡ngšÍ †mb cvj ivRv‡`i Aax‡b GKRb
mvgšÍ ivRv wQ‡jb|
→ ‣KeZ©¨ we‡`ªv‡ni mgq cvj es‡ki ivRv ivgcvj‡K
mvnvh¨ K‡ib ‡ngšÍ †mb|
☼ weRq †mb (1098-1160 wLª÷vã)
→ ‡ngšÍ †m‡bi g„Zy¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY
K‡ib weRq †mb (1098-1160 wLªóvã)| Zvui my`xN©
ivRZ¡Kv‡jB †mb es‡ki kvmb kw³kvjx wfwËi Dci
mycÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| wZwbB m¤¢eZ mvgvšÍ ivRv †_‡K
wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxbiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
→ GKv`k kZ‡K `wÿY ivp k~i es‡ki AwaKv‡i wQj| G
es‡ki ivRKb¨v wejvm‡`ex‡K wZwb we‡q K‡ib| weRq
†mb e‡i›`ª D×v‡i ivgcvj‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨
¯^vaxbZv ¯^xK…wZ cvb|
→ cvj es‡ki cZb N‡U weRq †m‡bi nv‡Z|
→ ûMjx †Rjvi w·eYx‡Z Aew¯’Z weRqcyi wQj weRq
†m‡bi cÖ_g ivRavbx| wØZxq ivRavbx ¯’vcb Kiv nq
eZ©gvb gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i| a‡g©i w`K †_‡K
weRq †mb wQ‡jb •ke|
cvj es‡ki mgvwß
cvj es‡ki ivgcv‡ji ci cieZ©x kvmKMY wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ
`ye©j| d‡j Zvu‡`i c‡ÿ cvj es‡ki nvj aiv m¤¢e wQj
bv| ivgcv‡ji ci Kzgvicvj (Avby. 1124-1129 wLªóvã),
Z…Zxq †Mvcvj (Avby. 1129-1143 wLªóvã) I g`bcvj
(Avby. 1143-1161 wLªóvã) G‡K G‡K cvj wmsnvm‡b
e‡mb| G mgq hy×-weMÖn †j‡MB _vKZ| Ae‡k‡l ev‡iv
kZ‡Ki wØZxq fv‡M weRq †mb cvj m¤ªv‡R¨i wejywß
NwU‡q evsjvq †mb es‡ki kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib|
☼ ejøvj †mb (1160-1178 wLª÷vã)
→ weRq †m‡bi ci wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib- Zvui cyÎ ejøvj
†mb | PvjyK¨ ivRKb¨v igv †`ex‡K we‡q K‡ib- ejøvj †mb|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 14
→ wZwb Ô`vbmvMiÕ I ÔA™¢zZmvMiÕ MÖ‡š’i †jLK|
ÔA™¢zZmvMiÕ MÖš’wU wZwb mgvß K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| GwU
mgvß K‡i Zvui cyÎ j²Y †mb|
→ ejøvj †mb wQ‡jb Zš¿ wn›`ya‡g©i c„ô‡cvlK| wZwb
ivgcv‡j ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib| ejøvj †m‡bi Avg‡j
eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖwZcwË e„w× cvq| d‡j †e․× ag© `ye©j
n‡q c‡o|
→ ejøvj †mb wn›`y mgvR‡K bZzb K‡i MVb Kivi Rb¨
Ô‡K․wjb¨ cÖ_vÕ cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| ejøvj †mb †kl Rxeb
AwZevwnZ K‡ib evbcÖ¯’ Aej¤^b K‡i| ejøvj †m‡bi
we‡kl Dcvwa wQj AwiivR wb:k¼ k¼i|
☼ j²Y †mb ( 1178-1204 wLªóvã)
→ ‡Wv¤§b cvj we‡`ªvnx nq 1196 wLª÷v‡ã| e„× eq‡m j²Y
†mb `ye©j n‡q co‡j M½vZx‡i wØZxq ivRavbx beØx‡c
emevm ïiæ K‡ib| d‡j Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq|
G my‡hv‡M my›`ieb GjvKvq †Wv¤§b cvj we‡`ªvnx n‡q GKwU
¯^vaxb ivR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib|
→ ‡mb es‡ki me©‡kl ivRv|
→ ‡Kvb HwZnvwmK jÿY †m‡bi `vbkxjZv I J`v‡h©i
f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb HwZnvwmK wgbnvR|
→ jÿY †m‡bi cÖavbgš¿x I agx©q cÖavb wQ‡jb njvqya|
→ jÿY †mb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib 1205/06 wLªóv‡ã|
☼ ‡mb es‡ki kvm‡bi Aemvb :
gymwjg ‡mbvcwZ eLwZqvi LjwR b`xqv AvµgY Ki‡j e„×
jÿY †mb †Kvb cÖwZ‡iva bv K‡i b`xc‡_ c~e©e‡½i ivRavbx
eZ©gvb gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡e
jÿY †m‡bi civR‡qi ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq †mb kvm‡bi Aemvb
N‡U|
wewfbœ ivR esk I cÖwZôvKvj
esk/iv‡R¨i bvg cÖwZôvKvj
¸ß cieZ©x esk lô kZK
LoM esk mßg kZK
‡`e esk Aóg kZK
KvwšÍ‡`‡ei ivR¨ beg kZK
P›`ª esk `kg kZK
eg© esk GKv`k kZK
ïi esk GKv`k kZK
‡mb esk Øv`k kZK
BLwZqvi LjwRi evsjv AvµgY ·qv`k kZ‡K
cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc`
evsjv bv‡gi GKwU ALÐ †`‡ki Rb¥ GKev‡i nqwb| Gi hvÎv
ïiæ nq Rbc`¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡q| DrKxY© wkjvwjwc I wewfbœ
mvwnZ¨MÖ‡š’ cÖvq 16wU Rbc‡`i K_v Rvbv hvq| Z‡e cÖwZwU
Rbc‡`i mxgv memgq GKB iKg _v‡Kwb| KL‡bv †Kv‡bv
Rbc‡`i mxgv ‡e‡o‡Q, Avevi KL‡bv K‡g‡Q|
☼ cÖvPxb cyЪ Rbc`
05. ফাংরায ঳ফয প্রাঘীন চন঩নদয নাভ ওী? A_ev, evsjvi
cÖvPxbZg RvqMv †KvbwU? (21Zg I 36Zg wewmGm)
K. cyÛª L. Zv¤ªwjß
M. †M․o N. nwi‡Kj DËi : K
06. weL¨vZ mvaK kvn myjZvb ejLxi gvRvi †Kv_vq? (10g
I 12Zg wewmGm)
K. gnv¯’vbM‡o L. kvnRv`cy‡i
M. †b·KvYvq N. ivgcv‡j DËi: K
07. gnv¯’vbMo †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z? (11Zg wewmGm)
K. Ki‡Zvqv L. M½v
M. eªþcyÎ N. gnvb›`v DËi : K
08. gnv¯’vbMo GK mgq evsjvi ivRavbx wQj, ZLb Gi bvg
wQj (12Zg wewmGm)
K. gnv¯’vb L. KY©myeY©
M. cyЪbMi N. ivgveZx DËi : M
09. evsjvi cÖvPxbZg bMi‡K›`ª †KvbwU? (24Zg wewmGm
wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj)
K. gqbvgwZ L. cvnvocyi
M. gnv¯’vbMo N. †mvbvi Mvu DËi : M
10. cÖvPxb cyЪea©b bMi †Kvb ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z? (13Zg I
25Zg wewmGm)
K. gqbvgwZ L. weµgcyi
M. gnv¯’vbMo N. cvnvocyi DËi: M
o e¨vL¨v : cyЪ bv‡g Rbc`wU M‡o Zz‡jwQj cyЪ RvwZ|
mxgvbv : iscyi, ivRkvnx, w`bvRcyi, e¸ov (kU©KvU-
isivw`e) wb‡q cyÛª Rbc`wU m„wó n‡qwQj| cyЪ
Rbc‡`i ivRavbxi bvg wQj cyЪbMi| cieZ©xKv‡j Gi
bvg nq gnv¯’vbMo| gnv¯’vbMo cÖvPxb cyЪbMixi
aŸsmve‡kl e‡j cwÐZiv g‡b K‡ib| cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi
wb`k©‡bi w`K w`‡q cyЪB wQj cÖvPxb mg„× Rbc`|
cv_‡ii PvKwZ‡Z †Lv`vB Kiv wjwc GLv‡b cvIqv hvq|
aviYv Kiv nq, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvß GwUB cÖvPxbZg
wkjvwjwc| •ew`K mvwn‡Z¨ I gnvfvi‡ZI cyЪ RvwZi
D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖvPxb
cyЪ ivR¨ ¯^vaxb mË¡v nvivq|
☼ cÖvPxb ‡MŠo Rbc`
→ 6ô kZ‡K c~e© evsjvi DËi As‡k †M․o ivR¨ e‡j
GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨i K_v Rvbv hvq|
→ mßg kZ‡K ‡M․oivR ejv n‡Zv- kkv¼‡K| G mgq
†M․‡oi ivRavbx wQj KY©myeY©| eZ©gvb gywk©`vev` †Rjvq
wQj Gi Ae¯’vb|
→ kkv‡¼i kvmbvg‡ji c‡i e½‡`k wZbwU Rbc‡` wef³
wQj| h_v- cyЪ, †M․o, e½|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 15
→ ivRv‡`i †M․‡ok¦i Dcvwai Rb¨ ‡M․o Rbc`wU cwiwPwZ
jvf K‡i|
→ evsjvq gymjgvb hy‡Mi ïiæ‡Z jÿYveZx‡K †M․o ejv
n‡Zv| me©‡kl †M․o ej‡Z †evSvq mgMÖ evsjv‡K| Z‡e
PvucvBbeveMÄ, gvj`n, gywk©`vev`, b`xqv wb‡q †M․o
MwVZ n‡qwQj e‡j A‡b‡K gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| (g‡b
ivLyb Pvcv gvgy b`x‡Z)
☼ cÖvPxb e½ Rbc`
11. eZ©gv‡b e„nËg XvKv †Rjv cÖvPxbKv‡j †Kvb Rbc‡`i
AšÍf©y&³ wQj? (24Zg wewmGm - evwZj)
K. mgZU L. cyЪ
M. e½ N. nwi‡Kj DËi: M
e¨vL¨v : mxgvbv : evsjv‡`‡ki c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K e½
Rbc` bv‡g GKwU Rbc` M‡o D‡VwQj| AšÍf©y³ : XvKv,
MvRxcyi, gqgbwmsn, dwi`cyi, Lyjbv, ewikvj, ev‡MinvU,
cUzqvLvjx| (g‡b ivLyb : DGM dwi` Lye evMcUz)|
→ Abygvb Kiv nq GLv‡b Ôe½Õ bv‡g GKwU RvwZ evm
KiZ| ZvB G Rbc`wU cwiwPZ nq Ôe½Õ bv‡g|
→ cÖvPxb wkjvwjwc‡Z e‡½i `yÕwU A‡ji bvg cvIqv hvq|
GKwU weµgcyi Ges Ab¨wU bve¨| eZ©gv‡b bve¨ e‡j
†Kvb RvqMvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| aviYv Kiv nq dwi`cyi,
ev‡KiMÄ I cUzqvLvjxi wbuPz Rjvf~wg G bve¨ A‡ji
AšÍf©y³ wQj|
→ e‡½i AvqZb msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o cvj I †mbeskxq
ivRv‡`i Avg‡j|
→ e½ Rbc` †_‡K evOvwj RvwZi DrcwË| M½v I
fvMxi_x gvSLv‡bi AÂj‡K ejv n‡Zv- e½
☼ cÖvPxb nwi‡Kj Rbc`
mvZ kZ‡Ki †jL‡Kiv nwi‡Kj bv‡gi Rbc‡`i eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| G Rbc‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj evsjvi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ| g‡b
Kiv nq AvaywbK wm‡jU †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ G Rbc` we¯Í…Z
wQj| ivRavbx : kÖxnÆ|
☼ cÖvPxb mgZU Rbc`
→ mxgvbv c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© evsjvq e‡½i cÖwZ‡ekx
Rbc` wn‡m‡e mgZ‡Ui Ae¯’vb| ‡KD †KD g‡b K‡ib
mgZU eZ©gvb Kzwgjøvi cÖvPxb bvg| M½v-fvMxi_xi c~e©
Zxi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †gNbvi †gvnbv ch©šÍ mgy`ªKzjeZx©
AÂj‡K ejv n‡Zv mgZU|
→ Kzwgjøv kni †_‡K eo KvgZvi (mgZ‡Ui ivRavbx)
`~iZ¡ KZ 12 gvBj| Kzwgjøvi gqbvgwZ‡Z kvjeb
wenvi Aew¯’Z| Ôeo KvgZvÕ 7g kZ‡K mgZ‡Ui
ivRavbx wQj|
→ wnD‡qb mvO-Gi weeiY Abymv‡i Kvgiƒ‡c mgZU bv‡g
Rbc` wQj|
☼ cÖvPxb e‡i›`ª Rbc`
12. ivRkvnxi DËivsk, e¸ovi cwðgvsk, iscyi I
w`bvRcy‡ii wKQz Ask wb‡q MwVZ (19Zg wewmGm)
K. cjj MwVZ mgf~wg L. e‡i›`ªf~wg
M. DËie½ N. gnv¯’vbMo DËi : L
e¨vL¨v : e‡i›`ª DËie‡½i GKwU cÖvPxb Rbc`| cy‡Ðªi GKwU
Ask Ry‡o e‡i›`ªi Ae¯’vb wQj| e¸ov, w`bvRcyi I ivRkvnx
†Rjvi A‡bK AÂj Ges m¤¢eZ cvebv †Rjv Ry‡o e‡i›`ª
AÂj we¯Í…Z wQj| G Rbc`wU M½v I Ki‡Zvqvi ga¨eZ©x
A‡j M‡o I‡V| Rbc`wUi Ab¨ Av‡iKwU bvg ev‡i›`ªx
Rbc`| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g hv`yNi ÔÔe‡i›`ª hv`yNiÕÕ
ivRkvnx‡Z cÖwZwôZ nq 1910 mv‡j|
☼ cÖvPxb Zv¤ªwjß Rbc`
→ nwi‡K‡ji `wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z wQj Zv¤ªwjß Rbc`|
→ mßg kZK †_‡K GwU `Ðfzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡Z _v‡K|
☼ cÖvPxb P›`ªØxc Rbc`
13. cÖvPxb ÔP›`ªØxcÕ Gi eZ©gvb bvg – (11Zg I 30Zg wewmGm)
K. gvjØxc L. m›Øxc
M. ewikvj N. nvwZqv DËi : M
e¨vL¨v : P›`ªØxc evsjvi Rbc`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ÿz`ª
Rbc` P›`ªØxc| ewikvj †Rjvi c~e© bvg P›`ªØxc| eZ©gvb
ewikvj †RjvB wQj P›`ªØx‡ci g~j f~-LÐ I cÖvY‡K›`ª| P›`ªØxc
AwaKvi K‡ib •Î‡jvK¨P›`ª| G cÖvPxb Rbc`wU ev‡jk^i I
†gNbvi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wQj|
evsjvi ga¨hyM
gymjgvb‡`i kvmbvg‡j evsjv
BLwZqvi DwÏb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwR
14. ফাংরা৞ ভু঳তরভ ঱া঳ন (আতধ঩তয তফস্তানযয) ঳ূঘনা ওনযন –
(24Zg evwZj wewmGm)
K. Avjx g`©vb LjRx
L. ZzNwij Lvb
M. mvgQzwÏb wd‡ivR DËi : N
N. BLwZqvi DwÏb †gvnv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjwR
15. ইঔতত৞ায উতেন মভা঴াম্যদ ফঔতত৞ায ঔরচী ফাংরা চ৞
ওনযন মওান ঳ানর? (30Zg wewmGm)
K. 1212 L. 1200
M. 1204 N. 1211 DËi : M
e¨vL¨v : †Zi kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z (1204 mv‡j) ZzwK© exi
BLwZqvi DwÏb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwR evsjvi DËi I
DËi cwðgvs‡k †mb kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q (b`xqv weRq)
gymjgvb kvm‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb RvwZ‡Z ZzwK©,
es‡k LjwR Ges e„wˇZ fvM¨v‡š^lx •mwbK|
→ eLwZqvi LjwR 1195 wLªóv‡ã RxweKvi A‡š^l‡Y
MRwb‡Z Av‡mb| †mLv‡b wZwb wknveDwÏb †Nvwii •mb¨
wefv‡M PvKwicÖv_x© n‡q e¨_© nb| Lv‡Uv, j¤^v nvZ I
KzrwmZ †Pnvivi Rb¨ eLwZqvi LjwR †mbva¨‡ÿi `„wó
AvKl©‡Y e¨_© nb|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 16
→ wenvi bv‡gi DrcwË : eLwZqvi LjwR evsjv Avµg‡Yi
c~‡e© GKevi `wÿY wenv‡i GK cªvPxi‡Niv `y‡M©i g‡Zv
¯’v‡b AvµgY K‡ib| cÖwZcÿ †Kvb evavB w`j bv| `yM©
R‡qi ci wZwb †`L‡jb †h, `y‡M©i Awaevmxiv mK‡jB
gwÐZ g¯ÍK Ges `yM©wU eBc‡Î fiv| wRÁvmv K‡i wZwb
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, wZwb GK †e․× wenvi Rq K‡i‡Qb|
GwU wQj I`›` wenvi ev I`šÍcyix wenvi| G mgq †_‡KB
gymjgv‡biv G ¯’v‡bi bvg w`j wenvi| AvR ch©šÍ Zv
wenvi bv‡g cwiwPZ|
→ wZwb GZ wÿcÖMwZ‡Z c_ AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb †h, gvÎ
17/18 Rb •mwbK Zvu‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Avi
g~j evwnbx cðv‡ZB wQj|
→ jÿY †mb wcQ‡bi `iRv w`‡q cvwj‡q mcwiev‡i Lvwj
cv‡q †Mvc‡b †b․Kv‡hv‡M c~e©e‡½i gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi
weµgcy‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| mgqUv wQj ga¨vý‡fv‡Ri
mgq Avi jÿY †mb wQ‡jb e„×| BLwZqvi DwÏb
eLwZqvi LjwR QÙ‡e‡k †c․uQvb Ges Ak^ we‡µZv g‡b
K‡i Zv‡K iv‡R¨ cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
→ eLwZqvi LjwR ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib jÿYveZx
(‡M․o)| jÿYveZxB gymjgvb Avg‡j jL‡b․wZ bv‡g
cwiwPZ nq|
→ ‡M․o ev jL‡b․wZ weR‡qi `yB eQi ci eLwZqvi LjwR
wZeŸZ Awfhv‡b (me©‡kl Awfhvb) †ei nb| G wZeŸZ
AwfhvbB wQj Zvui Rxe‡bi †kl mgi Awfhvb| wKš‘
Zvui G Awfhvb e¨_© n‡j wZwb †`e‡Kv‡U wd‡i Av‡mb|
‡mLv‡b Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j 1206 wLªóv‡ã wZwb g„Zz¨gy‡L
cwZZ nb| Abygvb Kiv nq Avwj g`©vb bv‡g GKRb
Avwgi Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj|
→ evsjvq gymjgvb kvm‡bi BwZnv‡m BLwZqvi DwÏb
gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwRi bvg we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY Zvui cÖ‡Póvi d‡jB G‡`‡k cÖ_g
gymjgvb‡`i kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq| G kvmb cÖvq mv‡o
cvuPk eQi (1204-1765 wLªóvã) ¯’vqx n‡qwQj|
evsjvq ZzwK© kvm‡bi BwZnvm
→ G kvmbvg‡j ch©vq wQj 1204 †_‡K 1338 wLªóvã
ch©šÍ| kvmK‡`i mK‡jB w`wjøi myjZvb‡`i Aax‡b
evsjvi kvmbKZ©v n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| gymwjg kvm‡bi G
hyM wQj we‡`ªvn-wek„•Ljvq c~Y©| ZvB HwZnvwmK
wRqvDwÏb evivbx evsjv‡`‡ki bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb
ÔeyjMvKcyiÕ| Gi A_© Ôwe‡`ªv‡ni bMixÕ|
→ eLwZqvi DwÏb LjwR g„Zz¨i ci Zvui mn‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨
ïiæ n‡q hvq ÿgZvi Ø›Ø| Zvui mn‡hv×v wZbRb LjwR
gvwj‡Ki bvg Rvbv hvq| Zvuiv n‡”Qb- gyn¤§` wkivb
LjwR, Avwj g`©vb LjwR Ges ûmvgDwÏb BIR LjwR|
→ 1212-1227 ch©šÍ 15 eQi evsjvi myjZvb wQ‡jb- BIR
LjwR| wZwb wØZxqevi ÿgZvq Av‡mb| Gi c~‡e© 1208
wLªóv‡ã †`e‡Kv‡Ui kvmbKZ©vi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib
ûmvgDwÏb BIR LjwR|
☼ myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR
→ LjwR gvwjK‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb- myjZvb
wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR| eLwZqvi LjwR KZ©„K
cÖwZwôZ evsjvi gymjgvb ivR¨‡K kw³kvjx I m~`„p
Ki‡Z wZwb m‡Pó n‡qwQ‡jb|
→ evsjvq gymjgvb kvmK‡`i g‡a¨ †b․evwnbxi †MvovcËb
K‡ib- myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR| GQvovI
ivRavbxi wbivcËvi Rb¨ wZwb wZb cv‡k Mfxi I cÖk¯Í
cwiLv wbg©vY K‡ib|
→ AveŸvmxq Lwjdv Avj-bvwm‡ii wbKU †_‡K ¯^xK…wZcÎ
jvf K‡iwQ‡jb- wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR|
→ wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR civwRZ nb jL‡b․wZ hy‡×|
w`wjøi myjZvb BjZyrwg‡ki cyÎ bvwmiDwÏb gvngy`
KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ hy‡× civwRZ nb| BIR LjwRi
civRq I cZ‡bi ci e½‡`k cy‡ivcywi w`wjøi myjZv‡bi
AwaKv‡i Av‡m| Gici bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` e½‡`‡ki
kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nb|
→ BIR LjwRi c„ô‡cvlKZvq †M․‡oi Rygv gmwR`
cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj|
BIR LjwRi g„Zz¨i ci †_‡K 1287 wLªóvã ch©šÍ lvU eQi
evsjv w`wjøi gymjgvb kvmK‡`i GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiMwYZ
nq| G mgq c‡b‡iv Rb kvmbKZ©v evsjv kvmb K‡ib|
Zvu‡`i `kRb wQ‡jb `vm| `vm‡`i ÔgvgjyKÕ ejv n‡Zv|
G Kvi‡Y lvU eQ‡ii evsjvi kvmb‡K A‡b‡K `vm kvmb
ev gvgjyK kvmb e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib|
→ gvgjyK kvmbvg‡ji c‡b‡iv Rb kvm‡Ki mK‡jB
wQ‡jb- ZzwK©|
→ gvgjyK ZzwK©‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb- ZzNwij| wZwb
‡mvbviMvuI-Gi wbKU bvi‡Kjøv bv‡g GK `yM© wbg©vY
K‡ib| mvaviY gvby‡li wbKU GwU ZzNwi‡ji †Kjøv bv‡g
cwiwPZ wQj|
→ ÔgywNmDwÏbÕ Dcvwa wb‡q evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib-
ZzNwij| d‡j w`wjøi myjZvb ejeb G we‡`ªv‡ni kvw¯Í
w`‡Z evsjv AvµgY K‡ib| 1281 wLªóv‡ã eje‡bi
nv‡Z civwRZ I wbnZ nb ZzNwij|
evsjvq ¯^vaxb myjZvwb kvm‡bi BwZnvm
w`wjøi myjZvbMY 1338-1538 wLªóvã ch©šÍ `yBk eQi
evsjv‡K Zvu‡`i AwaKv‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| cÖ_gw`‡K w`wjøi
myjZv‡bi †mbvevwnbx AvµgY Pvwj‡q‡Q| ‡Póv K‡i‡Q
evsjv‡K wb‡Ri AwaKv‡i Avbvi Rb¨| Ae‡k‡l mdj n‡Z bv
†c‡i nvj †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| ZvB, G mg‡q evsjvi myjZvbMY
¯^vaxbfv‡e Ges wbwð‡šÍ G‡`k kvmb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|
dLiæwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZvi m~Pbv n‡jI
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 17
Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki myjZvb‡`i nv‡Z evsjv cÖ_g w¯’wZkxjZv
jvf K‡i|
☼ dLiwæÏb gyeviK kvn (1338-1349)
16. myjZvwb Avg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx bvg wK? (29Zg
wewmGm)
K. †mvbviMvuI L. Rvnv½xibMi
M. XvKv N. †M․o DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb gymwjg mvjZvbv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv
dLiæÏxb gyeviK kvn (1338-1349)| Zvui ivRavbx wQj
HwZnvwmK †mvbviMvuI| 1352 wLªóv‡ã Bwjqvm kvn dKiæÏxb
gyeviK kvn‡K civwRZ K‡i †mvbviMvuI `Lj Ki‡Z mÿg
nb| d‡j cy‡iv evsjv Zvui KZ…©Z¡vaxb P‡j Av‡m| wZwb
cvÐzqvq ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib| Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki cÖ_g
ch©vq mgvß nq ivRv M‡Y‡ki DÌv‡b| cybivq gymwjg weR‡qi
gva¨‡g ivRv M‡Y‡ki cyÎ h`y Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges
evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| Zvui bZzb bvg nq RvjvjyÏxb
gynv¤§`| wZwb `y ch©v‡q 1415-1416 Ges 1418-1433 mvj
ch©šÍ evsjv kvmb K‡ib| wZwb 1418 mv‡j ivRavbx cvÐzqv
†_‡K †M․‡o ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| Gici myjZvwb kvm‡bi †kl
ch©šÍ (1538 mvj ch©šÍ) evsjvi ivRavbx _v‡K †M․‡o| ZvB
ejv hvq, myjZvwb Avg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx wQj †M․‡o|
17. Be‡b eZzZv Kvi kvmbvg‡j ‡mvbviMvuI Av‡mb? (25Zg
Zg wewmGm)
K. kvgmywÏb wd‡ivR kvn L. nvRx Bwjqvm kvn
M. ûmvBb kvn N. dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn
e¨vL¨v : mwVK DËi (N)| gi‡°vi ch©UK Be‡b eZzZv 1333
wLªóv‡ãi 12B †m‡Þ¤^i gynv¤§` web ZzNj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j
fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡ib| myjZv‡bi mv‡_ cwiPq NU‡j wZwb
GB cwieªvRK‡K KvwRi c‡` wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb dLiæwÏb
gyeviK kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j (1345-46 wLªóv‡ã) evsjvq
Av‡mb| evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi Zvui g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj wm‡j‡U wM‡q
nhiZ kvnRvjv‡ji m‡½ mvÿvr Kiv| wZwb `wÿY fviZ
†_‡K mgy`ªc‡_ PÆMÖvg Av‡mb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb wm‡jU
hvb| wm‡jU †_‡K wZwb b`x c‡_ †mvbviMvuI Av‡mb| wZwb
cÖ_g we‡`wk wn‡m‡e Ôev½vjvÕ kã e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb
evsjvi bvgKiY K‡ib Ô‡`vhLcyi Avh wbqvgZÕ ev
ÔAvkxe©v`cyó biKÕ ev abc~Y© biK| Zvui ÔwKZveyj †invjvÕ
bvgK MÖ‡š’ evsjvi Aciƒc eY©bv cvIqv hvq|
→ †mvbviMvu‡qi kvmbKZ©v evnivg Lv‡bi g„Zz¨ nq 1338
wLªóv‡ã| evnivg Lv‡bi g„Zz¨i ci Zvui eg©iÿK ÔdLivÕ
bv‡gi GK Kg©Pvix ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib Ges
ÔdLiæwÏb gyeviK kvnÕ bvg w`‡q †mvbviMvuI kvmb
K‡ib| Gfv‡eB m~Pbv nq evsjvi ¯^vaxb myjZvwb hy‡Mi|
→ dLiæwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j w`wjøi kvmK
wQ‡jb- gyn¤§`-web-ZzNjK| [gynv¤§` web ZzNjK w`wjø
†_‡K †`ewMwi‡Z ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| wZwb †mvbv I
iæcvi gy`ªvi cwie‡Z© cÖZxK Zv¤ªgy`ªv cÖPjb K‡ib|]
w`wjøi kvmbKZ©vMY †mvbviMvu‡qi dLiæwχbi ¯^vaxbZv‡K
mybR‡i †`‡Lbwb| ZvB, w`wjøi cÖwZwbwa jL‡b․wZi
kvmbKZ©v K`i Lvb I mvZMvu‡qi kvmbKZ©v B¾DwÏb
wgwjZfv‡e †mvbviMvu AvµgY K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvuiv mdj
n‡Z cv‡iwb| K`i Lvb dLiæwχbi •mb¨‡`i nv‡Z
civwRZ I wbnZ nb|
→ dLiæwχbi gy`ªvq †Lvw`Z ZvwiL †`‡L aviYv Kiv hvq,
wZwb 1338-1349 wLªóvã ch©šÍ †mvbviMvu‡qi ivRZ¡
K‡ib| GKRb ¯^vaxb myjZvb wn‡m‡e wZwb wbR bv‡g
gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb|
→ dLiæwÏb me©cÖ_g Rq K‡ib- PÆMÖvg| wZwb Pvu`cyi
†_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ GKwU iv¯Ív •Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb|
Bwjqvm kvnx esk (1342-1412 wLª÷vã)
Bwjqvm kvn → wmKv›`vi kvn → wMqvmDwÏb ÔAvRg kvnÕ
‡mvbviMvu‡q dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn hLb ¯^vaxb myjZvb ZLb
jL‡b․wZi wmsnvmb `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb ‡mLvbKvi †mbvcwZ
Avwj gyeviK| wmsnvm‡b e‡m wZwb ÔAvjvDwÏb Avwj kvnÕ
Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| jL‡b․wZ‡Z wZwbI ¯^vaxb ivR¨ M‡o
†Zv‡jb| c‡i ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib cvÐzqvq (wd‡ivRvev`)|
Avwj kvn ÿgZvq wQ‡jb 1342 wLªóvã ch©šÍ| Zvui `yafvB
wQ‡jb nvwR Bwjqvm| wZwb Avwj kvn‡K civwRZ I wbnZ
K‡i ÔkvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvnÕ bvg wb‡q evsjvq GKwU ivResk
cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB ivRes‡ki bvg Bwjqvm kvwn esk|
☼ kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn (1342-1358 wLª÷vã)
18. ‡Kvb kvm‡Ki mgq †_‡K mgMÖ evsjv fvlvfvlx AÂj
cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V Ôev½vjvnÕ bv‡g? (12Zg wewmGm)
K. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn L. kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn
M. AvKei N. Ckv Lvb DËi: L
e¨vL¨v : Bwjqvm kvn wd‡ivRvev‡`i wmsnvmb AwaKv‡ii
gva¨‡g DËi I DËi-cwðg evsjvi AwacwZ nb- 1342
wLªóv‡ã| 1338 mv‡j dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv
m~Pbv Ki‡jI cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv cÖwZôv K‡ib- Bwjqvm kvn
1352 wLªóv‡ã| w`wjøi kvmK wd‡ivR kvn kvmK Bwjqvm
kv‡ni mv‡_ mwÜ K‡i evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv †g‡b †bb| evsjvi
mKj A‡ji Awaevmx evOvwj e‡j cwiwPZ nq- Bwjqvm
kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j| Bwjqvm kvn Ôkvn-B evOvjvÕ I Ôkvn-B-
evOvwjqvbÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| hy‡M hy‡M evsjvi wewfbœ bvg :
e½ ঳ম্মা আওফনযয ঳বাওতফ আফুর পচনরয ফই ‘আইন-
ই- আওফযীনত’ প্রাঘীন নাভ ফঙ্গ ঳ম্পনওয চানা মা৞।
ev½vjvn ১৩৫২ ঳ানর সুরতান ইতর৞া঳ ঱া঴ ফনঙ্গয নাভওযণ
ওনযন ‘ফাঙ্গারা঴’।
RvbœvZvev` ১৫৩৮ ঳ানর ভুখর ঳ম্মা র৆ভা৞ুন ফাঙ্গারায নাভ মদন
‘চান্নাতাফাদ’।
my‡e evsjv ১৫৭৬ ঳ানর ভুখর ঳ম্মা আওফয চান্নাতাফানদয
নাভওযণ ওনযন ‘সুনফ ফাংরা’। সুনফ ঱নব্দয অথয প্রনদ঱।
অথযাৎ ঳ম্মা আওফয ফাংরানও প্রথভ প্রনদ঱তবতত্তও বাক
ওনযন।
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 18
‡e½j
†cÖwm‡WwÝ
রিয িারন঴ৌ঳ী ১৮৫৪ ঳ানর সুনফ ফাংরায নাভওযণ
ওনযন ‘‡e½j †cÖwm‡WwÝ’।
c~e© e½ রিয ওাচযননয আভনর ১৯০৫ ঳ানর ফঙ্গবঙ্গ ঴নর
ফনঙ্গয নাভ ঴৞ ‘঩ূফয ফঙ্গ’।
c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb
১৯৫৬ ঳ানর ঳াংতফধাতনওবানফ ঩ূফয ফনঙ্গয নাভ ‘঩ূফয
঩াতওস্তান’ ঴৞।
MYcÖRvZš¿x
evsjv‡`k
১৯৭২ ঳ানরয ১৬ তিন঳ম্বয ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান
ওামযওয ঴঑৞ায ভাধযনভ ঩ূফয ঩াতওস্তাননয নাভ ঴৞
‘কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱’।
☼ wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn (1393-1411 wLª÷vã)
19. ইযাননয ওতফ ঴াতপনচয ঳ানথ ঩োরা঩ ঴ন৞তঙর ফাংরায
মওান সুরতাননয? (24Zg evwZj wewmGm)
K. wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn L. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn
M. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn N. mvZ M¤^yR gmwR` DËi : K
o e¨vL¨v : wmKv›`vi kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b
e‡mb- wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn (1393-1411 wLªóvã)|
wZwb ÔAvRg kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ‡R․bcy‡ii
ivRv Lvb Rvnv‡bi mv‡_ †K eÜzZ¡ ¯’vcb K‡ib| wiqvR-
Dm-mvjvwZb MÖ‡š’ wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni b¨vqwePv‡ii
K_v D‡j&øL i‡q‡Q| cÖL¨vZ Kwe nvwd‡Ri mv‡_ Zvui
cÎvjvc n‡Zv| wZwb wQ‡jb Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki
me‡P‡q RbwcÖq myjZvb| ivRavbx wQj †mvbviMvuI|
wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖ_g evOvwj
gymjgvb Kwe kvn& gyn¤§` mMxi ÔBDmyd-Ry‡jLvÕ Kve¨
iPbv K‡ib| AvRg kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡jB weL¨vZ mywd
mvaK b~i KzZze-Dj-Avjg cvÐzqvq Av¯Ívbv M‡o †Zv‡jb|
wZwb wQ‡jb Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki †kl myjZvb| Zvui g„Zz¨i
ci †_‡KB G es‡ki cZb kyiæ nq|
ivRv M‡Yk I nvewm kvmb
wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui cyÎ mvBdzwÏb nvgRv
kvn wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| wZwb GK eQi kvmb Kivi ci 1412
wLªóv‡ã Zvui µxZ`vm wknve Dwχbi nv‡Z wbnZ nb| wknve
DwÏb myjZvb n‡q wb‡Ri bvg †`b Ôwknve DwÏb evqvwR`
kvnÕ| wKš‘ `yB eQ‡ii gv_vq 1414-15 wLªóv‡ã wZwbI
lohš¿Kvix‡`i nv‡Z wbnZ nb| G my‡hv‡M wn›`y AwfRvZ
ivRv M‡Yk evsjvi ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib|
→ ivRv M‡Yk wQ‡jb- AvRg kv‡ni GKRb D”Pc`¯’
AgvZ¨|
→ ivRv M‡Yk KZ©„K gymjgvb‡`i Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvi‡Y
`i‡ek †bZv b~i KzZze-Dj-Avjg ‡R․bcy‡ii myjZvg
Beªvwng kvwK© wbKU mvnv‡h¨i Av‡e`b K‡ib|
o M‡Yk `yBevi wmsnvm‡b e‡mwQ‡jb| cÖ_gevi K‡qK gvm
gvÎ ÿgZvq wQ‡jb|
o ivRv M‡Yk I Zvui eskaiiv ivRZ¡ K‡i cÖvq 30 eQi|
‡R․bcy‡ii myjZvg Beªvwng kvwK©i mnvqZvq gymwjgiv
Rqx n‡j ivRv M‡Yk‡K Bmjvg ag© Mªn‡Yi cÖ¯Íve †`qv
nq| ivRv M‡Yk Zvui cwie‡Z© cy‡Îi bvg cÖ¯Íve K‡ib|
M‡YkcyÎ h`y Bmjvg ag© MÖnY Ki‡j Zvui bZzb bvg nq
RvjvjyÏxb gynv¤§`| wZwb `y ch©v‡q 1415-1416 Ges
1418-1433 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv kvmb K‡ib| wZwb
ivRavbx cvÐzqv †_‡K †M․‡o ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib|
cieZ©x Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki kvmb
ivRv M‡Yk I Zvui eska‡ii wÎk eQ‡ii kvmbvemv‡bi
ci ‡M․‡oi wmsnvmb k~b¨ _vKvi †cÖÿvc‡U 1452 mv‡j
Bwjqvm kv‡ni GK eskai‡K †M․‡oi wmsnvm‡b emvb
AwfRvZe„›`| BwZnv‡m wZwb bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kvn
bv‡g cwiwPZ| Bwjqvm kv‡ni eskaiMY Gfv‡e cybivq
¯^vaxb ivRZ¡ ïiæ K‡ib| ZvB G hyM‡K ejv nq ÔcieZx©
Bwjqvm kvwn hyMÕ|
20. ev‡Minv‡U Lvb Rvnvb Avjxi cÖwZwôZ gmwR`wU KZ
M¤^yR wewkó? (19Zg wewmGm)
K. Avwk L. GKvwk
M. lvU N. †P․lwÆ DËi : L
21. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo ga¨hyMxq gmwR` †KvbwU?
(24Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj)
K. Kzmy¤^v gmwR` L. eo †mvbv gmwR`
M. lvU M¤^yR gmwR` N. mvZ M¤^yR gmwR` DËi: M
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki ev‡MinvU †Rjvi `wÿY cwð‡g Aew¯’Z
GKwU ga¨hyMxq gmwR`| myjZvb bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni
(1435-59) Avg‡j Lvb Avj-AvRg DjyM LvbRvnvb
my›`ie‡bi †Kvj †Nu‡l Lwjdvev` ivR¨ M‡o †Zv‡jb|
LvbRvnvb •eVK Kivi Rb¨ GKwU `ievi M‡o †Zv‡jb, hv
c‡i lvU ¸¤^R gmwR` nq| gmwR`wU‡Z 81wU M¤^yR i‡q‡Q|
G‡Z ZzNjwK I †R․bcyix wbg©vY‣kjx my¯úó| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki
wZbwU wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi GKwUi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
ev‡MinvU kniwU‡KB wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi gh©v`v †`qv
n‡q‡Q| 1983 wLªóv‡ã UNESCO GB gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i|
(Z_¨m~Î parjatan.portal.gov.bd)
o 1459 wLªóv‡ã bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni g„Zz¨ei‡Yi ci
evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- iæKbDwÏb eieK kvn|
o ‡M․‡oi Ô`vwLj `iIqvRvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ weivU I my›`i
†ZviYwU wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb- eieK kvn|
1474 wLªóv‡ã eieK kvn ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| c‡i Zuvi
cyÎ mvgmywÏb Avey gyRvddi BDmyd kvn (1474-1481
wLªóvã) evsjvi myjZvb nb| BDmyd kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui
cyÎ wmKv›`vi kvn wmsnvm‡b e‡mb|
o Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki cwimgvwß N‡U- d‡Zn kvn wbnZ
n‡j evsjvi wmsnvm‡b Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki kvmbKv‡ji
cwimgvwß N‡U| evsjvq nvewm‡`i ivR‡Z¡i m~Pbv nq|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 19
nvewm kvmb (1487-1493)
→ evsjvq nvewm kvmb ¯’vqx n‡qwQj- gvÎ Qq eQi|
PviRb nvewm myjZv‡bi wZbRb‡KB nZ¨v Kiv nq|
→ nvewm †bZv myjZvb kvnRv`v ÔeieK kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q
cÖ_g evsjvi ÿgZvq e‡mb| wKš‘ K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨
nvewm †mbvcwZ gvwjK Avw›`‡ji nv‡Z wbnZ nb|
→ gvwjK Avw›`j ÔmvBdzwÏb wdiæR kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q
wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| GKgvÎ Zvui wZb eQ‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡ji
(1487-1490 wLªóvã) BwZnvm wKQzUv †M․iegq wQj|
→ nvewm kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U- kvgmywÏb gyRvddi kv‡ni
g„Zz¨i gva¨‡g|
‡nv‡mb kvwn esk (1493-1538)
☼ AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn (1493-1519 wLª÷vã)
02. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ib?
(40Zg wewmGm)
K. 1498 1516 wLª. L. 1498-1517 wLª.
M. 1498-1518 wLª. N. 1498-1519 wLª. DËi N
e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv
eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519
wLª.| Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493-1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ|
û‡mb kv‡ni mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq| wZwb Kvgiƒc
I KvgZv Rq K‡ib| Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI
Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui
AwaKv‡i Av‡m|
evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb kvn Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb
ivResk‡K DrLvZ K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjviv‡R¨i
AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³
K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi hyw³
Ackb ÔNÕ Gi gva¨‡gB †gjv‡bv m¤¢eci|
22. ‡M․‡oi ‡mvbv gmwR` Kvi Avg‡j wbwg©Z nq? (29Zg
wewmGm)
K. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn
L. †nv‡mb kvn
M. kv‡q¯Ív Lvu
N. Cmv Lvu DËi : L
e¨vL¨v : AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn : nvewm kvmb D‡”Q` K‡i †K
evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb •mq` †nv‡mb| myjZvb n‡q wZwb
ÔAvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡eB evsjvq
Ôû‡mb kvwn eskÕ bv‡g GK bZzb es‡ki kvmbce© ïiæ nq|
evsjvi ¯^vaxb myjZvb‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †M․iegq wQj- û‡mb
kvwn Avgj (1493-1538 wLªóvã)| wZwb ‡M․‡oi Ô‡QvU
†mvbv gmwR`Õ I ¸gwZØvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvui kvmbvgj‡K
e‡½i gymjgvb kvm‡bi BwZnv‡m Ô¯^Y©hyMÕ ejv nq| AvjvDwÏb
û‡mb kvn g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib- 1519 mv‡j| wZwb `xN© 26 eQi
(1493-1519) ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wZwb GKRb †Mvo mybœx
gymjgvb wQ‡jb| ivRavbx wQj GKWvjv|
→ ‡nv‡mb kvwn hy‡Mi †kÖô myjZvb wQ‡jb- myjZvb
AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn|
→ AvivKvwb‡`i PÆMÖvg ‡_‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib- AvjvDwÏb
û‡mb kvn|
→ AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j •eòe a‡g©i cÖeZ©K
kÖx‣PZb¨‡`‡ei Avwef©ve N‡U| mZ¨cx‡ii Avivabv
û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvg‡ji GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv|
mZ¨cx‡ii Avivabv wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤úªxwZ cÖwZôvi
†ÿ‡Î GKwU D¾¡j cÖ‡Póv|
→ û‡mb kv‡ni Avg‡ji D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kwe- iƒc †Mv¯^vgx,
mbvZb †Mv¯^vgx, gvjvai emy, weRq ¸ß, wecÖ`vm,
civMj Lvb I h‡kvivR Lvb| G mg‡q gvjvai emy
ÔkÖxg™¢Me`Õ I ÔcyivYÕ Ges ci‡gk^i ÔgnvfviZÕ evsjv
fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib|
bvwmiDwÏb Aveyj gyRvddi bymiZ kvn : AvjvDwÏb
û‡mb kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui †R¨ô cyÎ bymiZ kvn
ÔbvwmiDwÏb Aveyj gyRvddi bymiZ kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q evsjvi
wmsnvm‡b e‡mb|
→ bymiZ kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j fvi‡Z gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv
cvq| ev‡Minv‡Ui ÔwgVvcyKziÕ Zvui bv‡gi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z|
→ ‡M․‡oi weL¨vZ ÔK`g imyjÕ fe‡bi cÖ‡Kv‡ô bymiZ kvn
GKwU g wbgv©Y K‡ib| Zvui Dci nhiZ gynv¤§‡`i
(mv.) c`wPý msewjZ GKwU Kv‡jv KviæKvh© LwPZ gg©i
†ew` emv‡bv nq| †M․‡oi weL¨vZ Ôeo †mvbv gmwR`Õ ev
Ôev‡iv`yqvwi gmwR`Õ Zvui Avg‡ji KxwZ©|
→ bymiZ kv‡ni Av‡`‡k Kex›`ª ci‡gk^i gnvfvi‡Zi
wKq`sk evsjvq Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui kvmbvg‡jB
kÖxKi b›`x gnvfvi‡Zi e½vbyev` K‡iwQ‡jb|
cÖ_g gyNj m¤ªvU evei evsjv Awfhv‡b bymiZ kv‡ni mg‡q
•mb¨ cvVvb| bymiZ kvn cÖ_‡g eve‡ii mv‡_ wgÎZv ¯’vcb
K‡ib| c‡i hy× ïiæ n‡j mwÜ K‡i evsjvi wmsnvmb‡K
wbivc` iv‡Lb| 1531 wLªóv‡ã bymiZ kvn AvZZvqxi
nv‡Z wbnZ nb|
o `yBk eQ‡ii ¯^vaxb myjZvwb Avg‡ji mgvwß nq- 1538
wLªóv‡ã †ki kvn k~i †M․o `Lj Ki‡j|
AvdMvb kvmb
gyNj m¤ªvU evei I Zvui cyÎ ûgvqyb û‡mb kvwn hy‡Mi †kl
w`K †_‡KB †Póv KiwQ‡jb evsjv‡K gyNj AwaKv‡i wb‡q
Avm‡Z| wKš‘ AvdMvb‡`i Kvi‡Y gyNj‡`i G D‡Ïk¨
mdj nqwb|
☼ ‡kikvn
→ †kikvn 1537 wLªóv‡ã `yBevi evsjvi ivRavbx †M․o
AvµgY K‡ib| ZLb w`wjøi m¤ªvU ûgvqyb †ki Lv‡bi
wcQz avIqv K‡i evsjvi ivRavbx †M․o AvµgY K‡ib|
Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 20
†M․‡oi PgrKvi cÖvmv` I cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h© gy» n‡q
ûgvqyb Gi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔRvbœvZvev`Õ|
→ ‡ki Lv‡bi mv‡_ ûgvqyb civwRZ nb 1539 mv‡j|
m¤ªvU ûgvqyb †M․‡oi iƒ‡c gy» n‡q 6 gvm Av‡gv`-
dzwZ©‡Z Mv fvwm‡q †`b| G my‡hv‡M wb‡Ri kw³ evov‡Z
_v‡Kb †ki Lvb| w`wjø †_‡K Lei Av‡m ûgvqy‡bi mr
fvB wn›`vj wmsnvmb `Lj Kivi lohš¿ Ki‡Qb| G Lei
†c‡q ûgvqyb w`wjøi w`‡K hvÎv Ki‡j my‡hvM Kv‡R
jvMvb †ki Lvb| wZwb IuZ †c‡Z _v‡Kb e·v‡ii wbKU
†P․mv bvgK ¯’v‡b| ûgvqb †c․uQv‡j †ki Lvb Svuwc‡q
co‡j AcÖ¯‘Z ûgvqyb civwRZ nb (1539 wLªóv‡ã)
→ ‡ki kvn evsjv `Lj K‡ib 1540 wLªóv‡ã| †kikvn
†Nvovi Wv‡Ki cÖPjb K‡ib| MÖvÛ U¨vsK †ivW wbgv©Zv
†kikvn‡K ejv nq mo‡K AvRg| wZwb KeywjqZ I
cvÆv cÖ_vi cÖeZ©K| wZwb †mvbviMvuI n‡Z jv‡nvi ch©šÍ
iv¯Ív wbg©vY K‡ib|
→ gyNj m¤ªvU ûgvqyb‡K civwRZ K‡i †ki Lvb Dcvwa
†bb †ki kvn|
→ K‡b․‡Ri hy‡× n‡qwQj ûgvqy‡bi civRq| G hy‡×
civR‡qi gva¨‡g †ki kvn w`wjøi wmsnvmb AwaKvi
K‡ib| Gfv‡e `xN©w`b ci evsjv Avevi w`wjøi kvm‡b
P‡j Av‡m| †ki kvn k~i es‡ki e‡j G mg‡qi evsjvi
kvmb wQj k~i AvdMvb es‡ki kvmb|
→ cvwbc‡_i wØZxq hy× msNwUZ nq 1556 mv‡j| GB
hy‡× AvKe‡ii †mbvcwZ ‣eivg Lvb Avw`j kvn mywii
cÖavbgš¿x wngy‡K civwRZ K‡ib| G hy‡× wngy wbnZ n‡j
AvKei w`wjø AwaKvi K‡ib| cvwbc_ DËi-cwðg
fvi‡Zi nwiqvbv iv‡R¨ Aew¯’Z hgybv b`xi ZxieZ©x
GKwU kni|
cvwbc‡_i cª_g hy× cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq hy×
gyNj m¤ªvU evei 1526 mv‡j
msNwUZ GB hy‡×i gva¨‡g
fvi‡Z gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv
K‡ib| GB hy‡× Beªvwng
†jv`x civwRZ I wbnZ nb|
evei GB hy‡× fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡m cÖ_g Kvgvb e¨envi
K‡ib|
1761 mv‡ji GB hy×wU
Avng` kvn Ave`vwj I
gvivVv‡`i g‡a¨ msNwUZ
nq| 18 kZ‡Ki
me‡P‡q eo GB hy‡×
gvivVviv civwRZ nq|
o evsjvq †kl AvdMvb kvm‡Ki bvg `vD` Lvb Kiivwb
gyNj kvmb
(fviZe‡l©- 1526-1757 wLª. Ges evsjvq 1576-1757 wLªóvã)
gyNj m¤ªvU‡`i µg : m¤ªvU Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` evei →
m¤ªvU bvwmi DwÏb gyn¤§` ûgvqyb → m¤ªvU Rvjvj DwÏb
AvKei → m¤ªvU †mwjg b~i DwÏb gyn¤§` Rvnv½xi → m¤ªvU
kvnRvnvb Ii‡d Lyiig → m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re → m¤ªvU
gyn¤§` kvn → m¤ªvU wØZxq evnv`yi kvn (me©‡kl gyNj
m¤ªvU)
g‡b ivLyb †K․k‡j : evevi nBj AvRvi R¦i kvwij
AvIi½‡R‡ei kvwn evnv`ywi ‡`‡L| A_©vr evei, ûgvqyb,
AvKei, Rvnv½xi, kvnRvnvb, AvIi½‡Re, gynv¤§` kvn,
evnv`yi kvn|
23. মভাখর ঳ম্মা নদয ভানছ মও প্রথভ আমজীচীফনী তরনঔতঙনরন?
(38Zg wewmGm)
K. AvKei K. evei
M. kvnRvnvb N. ûgvqyb DËi : L
e¨vL¨v : evei – gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv m¤ªvU evei| wZwb
ZzhyK-B-evei ev eve‡ii Rxebx bv‡g AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z Zvui Rq
civR‡qi Mí wjwce× K‡ib| eZ©gvb iæk ZzwK©¯Ív‡bi AšÍM©Z
dviMvbvq eve‡ii Rb¥| wZwb wcZvi w`K †_‡K •Zgyi jO
Ges gv‡qi w`K †_‡K †Pw½m Lv‡bi eskai wQ‡jb| fvi‡Zi
DËi cÖ‡`‡ki A‡hva¨vq wZwb 1527 wLªóv‡ã Ôevewi gmwR`Õ
wbgv©Y K‡ib| 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i DMÖev`x wn›`y‡Mvôx
HwZnvwmK GB gmwR`wU †f‡½ †d‡j|
24. মওান ভুখর ঳ম্মা ফাংরায নাভ মদন চান্নাতাফাদ? (10g
wewmGm)
K. evei L. ûgvqyb
M. AvKei N. Rvnv½xi DËi : L
e¨vL¨v : ûgvqyb : †M․‡oi PgrKvi cÖvmv` I cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h©
gy» n‡q ûgvqyb Gi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔRvbœvZvev`Õ| m¤ªvU
ûgvqyb 1539 wLªóv‡ã †kikv‡ni mv‡_ †P․mv‡ii hy‡× civwRZ
nb Ges †Kv‡bvµ‡g cÖvY wb‡q w`wjø †c․uQvb| c‡ii eQi
(1540 mvj) †kikv‡ni weiæ‡× Avevi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv
K‡ib| wKš‘ K‡b․‡Ri wbKU wejMÖv‡gi G hy‡× civR‡qi
gva¨‡g †ki kv‡ni wbKU civwRZ nb| weRqx †ki kvn w`wjøi
wmsnvmb AwaKvi K‡ib| Gfv‡e `xN©w`b ci evsjv Avevi
w`wjøi kvm‡b P‡j Av‡m| †ki kvn k~i es‡ki e‡j G mg‡qi
evsjvi kvmb wQj k~i AvdMvb es‡ki kvmb| cvim¨ m¤ªv‡Ui
mnvqZvq ûgvqyb 1555 mv‡j cybivq w`wjø `Lj K‡ib|
1556 mv‡j w`wjøi A`~‡i Zvui wbwg©Z `xb cvbvn cvVvMv‡ii
wmuwo †_‡K c‡o wM‡q Zvui g„Zz¨ nq|
25. ‡K evsjv mb MYbv ïiæ K‡ib? (10g, 26Zg I 31Zg
wewmGm)
K. j²Y †mb L. Bwjqvm kvn
M. weRq †mb N. AvKei DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv m¤ªvU evei 1526 mv‡ji
12B GwcÖj cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy‡× m¤ªvU evei Beªvwng †jv`x‡K
civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| Z‡e
m¤ªvU AvKei KZ©„K 1576 mv‡j evsjv weR‡qi gva¨‡g
evsjvq gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i AvwacZ¨ ¯’vwcZ nq| fvi‡Z Bmjvgx
kvmbvg‡j wnRix cwÄKv Abymv‡i mKj KvRKg© n‡Zv|
AvKei cÖPwjZ wnRix Pv›`ª el©cwÄKv‡K †m․icwÄKvq
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| m¤ªvU AvKei Bivb †_‡K AvMZ
wewkó weÁvbx I ‡R¨vwZwe©` Igi dZzjøvn wkivRx‡K wnRix
Pv›`ª el©cwćZ iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Igi
dZzjøvn wkivRxi mycvwi‡k AvKei 992 wnRix (1584
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )
Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )

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Inception digest(bangladesh affairs )

  • 1. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 1 Uwc‡Ki bvg KZZg wewmGm? 35 36 37 38 40 Aa¨vq GK : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewj cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg-mvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ 3 6 2 2 4 fvlv Av‡›`vjb 1 2 - 1 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb - - 1 1 Qq-`dv Av‡›`vjb 1966 - 1 1 1 1 MY-Afz¨Ìvb 1968-69 - - - - 1 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb - - - - Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 1971 - 1 - - 7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY, ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv, gywRebMi miKv‡ii MVb I Kvh©vewj, gyw³hy‡×i iY‡K․kj, gyw³hy‡× e„nr kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv, cvK evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q 4 3 3 1 1 Aa¨vq `yB : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`- km¨ Drcv`b Ges Gi eûgyLxKiY, Lv`¨ Drcv`b I e¨e¯’vcbv 2 3 3 2 3 Aa¨vq wZb evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v I Av`gïgvwi 2 1 4 2 1 ‡Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ - 2 1 1 1 Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ Dbœqb cwiKíbv †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx 1 2 - 1 1 RvZxq Avq-e¨q - - - 1 1 ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP - - - 1 1 `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb - - - - Aa¨vq cvuP : evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨ wkí Drcv`b 2 - 1 1 1 cY¨ Avg`vwb I ißvwbKiY 1 - 2 1 2 Mv‡g©›Um wkí I Gi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbv, •e‡`wkK †jb-‡`b, A_© †cÖiY - - 1 - 1 e¨vsK I exgv e¨e¯’vcbv - - 1 1 Aa¨vq Qq : evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb : cÖ¯Ívebv I •ewkó¨, †g․wjK AwaKvimn ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmg~n, msweav‡bi ms‡kvabmg~n 2 3 2 3 4 Aa¨vq mvZ : evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‣bwZK e¨e¯’v ivR‣bwZK `jmg~‡ni MVb, f~wgKv I Kvh©µg - - - - ÿgZvmxb I we‡ivax `‡ji cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK©vw` - - - 1 01. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ib? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1498 1516 wLª. L. 1498-1517 wLª. M. 1498-1518 wLª. N. 1498-1519 wLª. DËi N e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519 wLª.| Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493- 1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ| û‡mb kv‡ni mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv Rq K‡ib| Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui AwaKv‡i Av‡m| evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb kvn Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb ivResk‡K DrLvZ K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjviv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³ K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi evsjv‡`k welqvewj bZzb wm‡jev‡mi Av‡jv‡K wcÖwjwgbvwi cixÿvi cÖkœ we‡kølY 01. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ib? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1498 1516 wLª. L. 1498-1517 wLª. M. 1498-1518 wLª. N. 1498-1519 wLª. DËi N e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519 wLª.| Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493- 1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ| û‡mb kv‡ni mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv Rq K‡ib| Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui AwaKv‡i Av‡m| evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb kvn Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb ivResk‡K DrLvZ K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjviv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³ K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi hyw³ Ackb ÔNÕ Gi gva¨‡gB †gjv‡bv m¤¢eci| 40Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cÖkœ I mgvavb
  • 2. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 2 mykxj mgvR I Pvc m„„wóKvix †Mvôxmg~n Ges G‡`i f~wgKv - - - 1 1 Aa¨vq AvU : evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi e¨e¯’v AvBb, kvmb I wePvi wefvMmg~n - - 1 1 1 AvBb cÖYqb, bxwZ wba©viY - - - 1 1 RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv, cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm I ms¯‥vi 1 - 1 2 Aa¨vq bq evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b 2 2 1 2 2 wewkó e¨w³Z¡ 1 - - - ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb I ¯’vcbvmg~n - - - - RvZxq cyi¯‥vi evsjv‡`‡ki †Ljvayjvmn Pjw”PÎ, MYgva¨g-mswkøó welqvw` 3 - 1 1 1 Ab¨vb¨ 5 5 2 1 03. BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb †K? (40Zg wewmGm) K. cZ©yMxRiv L. Bs‡iRiv M. Ij›`vRiv N. divmxiv DËi K e¨vL¨v : 1498 mv‡j BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi Rjc_ me©cÖ_g Avwe®‥vi K‡ib cZz©wMR bvMwiK fv‡¯‥v- `v-Mvgv| fv‡¯‥v `v Mvgvi GB Avwe®‥vi ‣ewk^K mv¤ªvR¨ev‡`i BwZnv‡m AwZ Zvrch©¨c~Y© wQj KviY Gi gva¨‡gB cZ©ywMR‡`i fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k `xN©Kvjxb Dcwb‡ek ¯’vc‡bi c_ myMg n‡qwQj| Zviv 1516 mv‡j evsjvq Av‡m| evsjvq Ij›`vRiv Av‡m 1630 mv‡j, Bs‡iRiv 1658 mv‡j Ges divwmiv 1674 mv‡j me©‡kl evsjvq Av‡m| 04. 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq RvwZms‡N †Kvb †`k evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ †f‡Uv cÖ`vb K‡iwQj? (40Zg wewmGm) K. hy³ivR¨ L. d«vÝ DËi N M. hy³ivóª N. †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb e¨v¨L¨v : চাতত঳ংখ নাযওী৞ ঴তযামজ্ঞ, মভৌতরও ভানফাতধওায রঙ্ঘননয তফরুনে মওান ওামযওয ফযফস্থা গ্র঴ণ ওযনত ঩ানযতন। প্রওৃত঩নে „মবন া‟ েভতা ঳ম্পন্ন ঩াাঁঘত ফৃ঴ৎ ঱তিধয যানেয ফাইনয চাতত঳ংনখয তনচস্঩ উনদযানক মবন া মদ঑৞ায েভতা তঙর ঳ীতভত। তনফ মুে তফযততয চন্য চাতত঳ংনখ ৩ ফায প্রস্তাফ উত্থাত঩ত ঴৞। মথা : ও. ৪ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১ (USA প্রস্তাফ মদ৞) ঔ. ৫ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১ (Av‡R©w›Ubvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wbivcËv cwil‡`i 8wU †`k) ক. ১৩ তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭১ (USA প্রস্তাফ মদ৞) তওন্তু USSR ৩ ফাযই মবন া (অথয আতভ ভাতন না) মদ঑৞ায ওাযনণ মুেতফযতত ঴৞তন। 05. e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK 7-B gv‡P©i fvlY ‡Kvb Zdwm‡j AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm) K. PZz_© Zdwmj L. cÂg Zdwmj M. lô Zdwmj N. mßg Zdwmj DËi L e¨vL¨v : 15Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ৭ ভাঘয তাতযনঔ ঢাওায ময঳নওা঳য ভ৞দানন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয য঴ভাননয মদ঑৞া বালণ cÂg Zdwm‡j mshy³ Kiv nq| 06. e½f½Kv‡j fvi‡Zi fvBmiq †K wQj? (40Zg wewmGm) K. jW© KvR©b L. jW© Iqv‡fj M. jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub N. jW© wjbwj_‡Mv DËi K e¨vL¨v : ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৯ চুরাই ঳যওানযয ঘূড়ান্ত ত঳োন্ত মভাতানফও ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৬ই অনটাফয ওামযওয ঴৞। বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ওাচযন। 07. evsjv‡`‡k ‡Kvb ebf~wg kvj e„‡ÿi Rb¨ weL¨vZ? (40Zg wewmGm) K. wm‡j‡Ui ebf~wg L. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ebf~wg M. fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg N. Lyjbv, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjxi ebf~wg DËi M e¨vL¨v : fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg kvj e„‡ÿi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| G e‡bi cÖavb e„ÿ kvj ev MRvix| G A‡ji ebf~wg‡K cÎ cZbkxj e„‡ÿi ebf~wg ejv nq| 08. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ †Kvb †Rjvq? (40Zg wewmGm) K. dwi`cyi L. iscyi M. Rvgvjcyi N. †kicyi DËi K e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ nq dwi`cyi †Rjvq| 02. cÖvPxb evsjv †gŠh© kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv †K? (40Zg wewmGm) K. A‡kvK †g․h© L. P›`ª¸ß †g․h© M. mgy`ª¸ß N. †KvbwUB bq DËi L e¨vL¨v : ‡g․h© kvm‡bi m¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb P›`ª¸ß †g․h©¨| wZwb 322 wLªóc~e©vã n‡Z 298 wLªóc~e©v‡ã †¯^”Qv Aem‡i †bqv ch©šÍ ivRZ¡ K‡ib| P›`ª¸ß Zvui ivR‡Z¡i †kl ch©šÍ Zvwgj I Kwj½ AÂj e¨wZ‡i‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk ¯’vb AwaKvi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| c~‡e© evsjv †_‡K cwð‡g AvdMvwb¯Ívb I †ejywP¯Ívb, Dˇi Kvk¥xi †_‡K `wÿ‡Y `vwÿYvZ¨ gvjf~wg ch©šÍ Zvi kvmb cÖwZwôZ wQj| Z‡e DËi evsjvq mv¤ªvR¨ ¯’vcb K‡i m¤ªvU A‡kvK|
  • 3. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 3 09. evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY- (40Zg wewmGm) K. 2 †KvwU 40 jÿ GKi L. 2 †KvwU 50 jÿ GKi M. 2 †KvwU 25 jÿ GKi N. 2 †KvwU 21 jÿ GKi DËi e¨vL¨v : weweGm cÖKvwkZ K…wl cwimsL¨vb el©MÖš’ 2017 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 2 †KvwU 11 jÿ †n±i| K…wl ïgvwi 2008 Gi Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY 1 †KvwU 90 jÿ 97 nvRvi 544 GKi| 10. evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡iv DcRvwZ †Kvb †Rjvq evm K‡i? (40Zg wewmGm) K. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg L. wm‡jU M. gqgbwmsn N. Uv½vBj DËi M e¨vL¨v : Mv‡iv DcRvwZiv emevm K‡i gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj, †kicyi I †b·KvYv ‡Rjvq| Z‡e gqgbwmsn †Rjvi Mv‡iv cvnvo GjvKvq gvw›` bv‡g cwiwPZ GB ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôxi g~j NvuwU| ZvB ï× DËi gqgbwmsn| 11. 2018 mv‡j cvi K¨vwcUv wRwWwc (bwgbvj) KZ? (40Zg wewmGm) K. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi L. $ 1751 gvwK©b Wjvi M. $ 1752 gvwK©b Wjvi N. $ 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi DËi e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2018 Abymv‡i, gv_vwcQz wRwWwc 1,677 gvwK©b Wjvi Ges Per Capita GNI 1,752 gvwK©b Wjvi| weweG‡mi Z_¨ †gvZv‡eK, gv_vwcQz GNI n‡jv 1,751 gvwK©b Wjvi| 12. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ nq KZ mv‡j? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1972 L. 1973 M. 1974 N. 1975 DËi M e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq 1974 mv‡j Ges 5g Av`gkygvwi nq 2011 mv‡j| lô Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ n‡e 2021 mv‡j| 13. ÔInclusive Development Index’ Gi wfwˇZ `wÿY Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZ? K. cÖ_g ¯’vb L. wØZxq ¯’vb M. Z…Zxq ¯’vb N. PZz_© ¯’vb DËi L e¨vL¨v : ÔInclusive Development Index‟ Gi wfwˇZ `wÿY Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb wØZxq Ges we‡k^ 34Zg| Gwkqvi †`kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ kx‡l© i‡q‡Q †bcvj (22Zg)| 14. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvbx Avq KZ? K. 40 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi L. 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi M. 42 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi N. 43 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi DËi L e¨vL¨v : 2017-2018 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvwb Avq AwR©Z nq 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| evwYR¨ gš¿x †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` Av. d. g. evnvDwÏb bvwm‡gi GK wjwLZ e³‡e¨i Rev‡e G Z_¨ Rvbvb| 15. Alliance ‡h †`kwfwËK Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi msMVbÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm) DËi L K. hy³iv‡R¨i L. hy³iv‡óªi M. KvbvWvi N. BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi e¨vL¨v : DËi Av‡gwiKvi †µZv‡`i †RvU A¨vjv‡qÝ di evsjv‡`k IqvK©vi †mdwU ev ÔAllianceÕ hy³ivóªwfwËK Mv‡g©›Um eª¨vÛ¸‡jvi msMVb| 2013 mv‡j ivbv cøvRv a‡mi NUbvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki •Zwi †cvkvK Lv‡Zi wbivc` Kg© cwi‡ek •Zwii j‡ÿ¨ GB ÔA¨vjv‡qÝÕ MwVZ nq| 16. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 29.66% L. 30.66% M. 32.66% N. 33.66%^ DËi N e¨vL¨v : A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2018 Abyhvqx, wRwWwc‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb 33.71% hv ÔNÕ Ack‡bi KvQvKvwQ| 17. 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i ißvwb cÖ‡Yv`bv ivLv n‡q‡QÑÑ K. mv‡o 4 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv L. mv‡o 5 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv M. mv‡o 3 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv N. mv‡o 6 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv DËi K e¨vL¨v : 2018-19 A_© eQ‡i ißvwb e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ Av‡Mi †P‡q 500 †KvwU UvKv e„w× K‡i 4,500 †KvwU UvKv ißvwb cÖ‡Yv`bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 18. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g f¨vU Pvjy nqÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1991 mv‡j L. 1973 mv‡j M. 1986 mv‡j N. 1996 mv‡j DËi K e¨vL¨v : 1991 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki (Value Added Tax) ev g~mK (VAT) Pvjy nq| evsjv‡`‡k g~mK-Gi nvi 15 kZvsk| GB Drm †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki m‡ev©”P Avq nq| 19. msweav‡bi †Kvb ms‡kvab‡K ÔFirst distortion of constitution’ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq? (40Zg wewmGm) K. cÂg ms‡kvab L. PZz_© ms‡kvab DËi K M. Z…Zxq ms‡kvab N. wØZxq ms‡kvab e¨vL¨v : cÂg ms‡kvab‡K ÔFirst distortion of constitution‟ ev Ômsweav‡bi cÖ_g weK…wZÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ RvwZi
  • 4. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 4 wcZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨vi ci †gRi wRqvDi ingvb ÿgZvq Av‡mb| wZwb 1979 mv‡j MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi †ek wKQz ms‡kvab Av‡bb hv e¨vcK weZ‡K©i Rb¥ †`q| 20. ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ msweav‡bi KZ bs Zdwm‡j ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm) K. PZz_© L. cÂg M. lô N. mßg DËi N e¨vL¨v : cÂ`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ১০ এতপ্রর, ১৯৭১ এয ভুতচফনকয ঳যওানযয চাতযওৃত স্঩াধীনতায মখালণা ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi mßg Zdwm‡j ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 21. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖewZ©Z nq (40Zg wewmGm) K. 17 GwcÖj, 1971 L. 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1972 M. 7 gvP©, 1972 N. 26 gvP©, 1973 DËi L e¨vL¨v : o ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান প্রণ৞ননয উনেনে ১৯৭২ ঳ানরয ১১ চানু৞াতয তত্ওারীন যাে঩তত চাততয ত঩তা ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয য঴ভান (১২ চানু৞াতয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর প্রধানভন্ত্রীয দাত৞ত্ব গ্র঴নণয ঩ূফয ঩মযন্ত তততন যাে঩তত তঙনরন) ঱া঳নতাতন্ত্রও আনদ঱/঳াংতফধাতনও আনদ঱ চাতয ওনযন। o কণ঩তযলনদয প্রথভ অতধনফ঱ন ফন঳ ১০ এতপ্রর, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর। কণ঩তযলনদয প্রথভ তস্ধওায তঙনরন ঱া঴ আব্দুর ঴াতভদ এফং প্রথভ মি঩ুত তস্ধওায তঙনরন মভা঴াম্যদ উল্লা঴। o ৪ ননবম্বয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধাননয ঔ঳ড়া কণ঩তযলনদ কৃ঴ীত ঴৞। এচন্য ৪ ননবম্বয „঳ংতফধান তদফ঳‟ ঩াতরত ঴৞। o কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান ওামযওয ঴৞ ১৬ ই তিন঳ম্বয, ১৯৭২ ঳ানর। 22. msweav‡bi ‡Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` miKvix Kg© Kwgkb (PSC) MV‡bi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 137 bs Aby‡”Q` L. 135 bs Aby‡”Q‡` M. 138 bs Aby‡”Q‡` N. 134 bs Aby‡”Q‡` DËi K e¨vL¨v : msweav‡bi 137 bs Aby‡”Q‡` miKvix Kg© Kwgkb (PSC) MV‡bi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| D³ Aby‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q- Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvB‡bi Øviv GK ev GKvwaK miKvwi Kg© Kwgkb cÖwZôvi weavb Kiv hv‡e| GKRb mfvcwZ I AvB‡bi Øviv †h-iKg wba©vwiZ n‡e, †m iKg Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K wb‡q cÖ‡Z¨K Kwgkb MwVZ n‡eÕ| 23. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Qq `dv †ck Kiv n‡qwQj - (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1966 mv‡j L. 1967 mv‡j M. 1968 mv‡j N. 1969 mv‡j DËi K e¨vL¨v : ১৯৬৬ ঳ানরয ৫- ৬ মপব্রু৞াতয রান঴ানয মঘৌধুযী মভা঴াম্যদ আরীয ফা঳বফনন অনুতিত তফনযাধী দরগুনরায ঳নম্যরনন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয য঴ভান ঐতত঴াত঳ও „ঙ৞ দপা ওভয঳ূতঘ‟ ম঩঱ ওনযন। এত ফঙ্গাতর চাততয ভুতিয ঳নদ (Charter of Independence) ফরা ঴৞। ২৩ ম঱ ভাঘয, ১৯৬৬ আনুিাতনওবানফ ৬ দপা দাতফ মখালণা ওযা ঴৞। 24. e½eÜzmn AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi †gvU Avmvgx msL¨v wQj KZ Rb? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 34 Rb L. 35 Rb M. 36 Rb N. 32 Rb DËi L e¨vL¨v : ফাঙ্গাতর চাতী৞তাফাদ আনদারননয মপ্রো঩ন যাচননততও মনতৃফৃনদয ঳঴নমাতকতা৞ মরেঃ ওভান্িায মভা৞ানেনভয মনতৃনত্ব ঩ূফয- ফাংরানও তফতিন্ন ওনয যােী৞ েভতা দঔনরয প্রনঘষ্টা ঳ংক্রানন্তয অতবনমানক ফঙ্গফন্ধুনও প্রধান আ঳াভী ওনয মভা ৩৫ চননয তফরুনে AvMiZjv lohš¿ ভাভরা দান৞য ওযা ঴৞| 25. AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª †Kvb ai‡bi ms¯’v? K. A_©‣bwZK L. gvbevwaKvi M. ag©xq N. †Ljvayjv DËi L e¨vL¨v : AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª gvbevwaKvi wb‡q KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk AvBbMZ mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| 1966 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ G ms¯’vwUi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ 9 Rb| 26. Almond I Powel Pvc m„wóKvix ‡Mvôx‡K wef³ K‡i‡QbÑÑ K. 3 fv‡M L. 4 fv‡M M. 5 fv‡M N. 6 fv‡M DËi L e¨vL¨v : AvjgÛ I cvI‡qj Pvc m„wóKvix †Mvôx‡K 4 (Pvi) fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb| h_v- K. ¯^Z:ùzZ© ¯^v_©‡Mvôx, L. msMVb wfwËK ¯^v_©‡Mvôx, M. msMVbnxb ¯^v_©‡Mvôx Ges N. cÖvwZôvwbK ¯^v_©‡Mvôx| 27. evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni ÑÑÑÑÑ (40Zg wewmGm) K. 146Zg m`m¨ L. 136Zg m`m¨ M. 126Zg m`m¨ N. 116Zg m`m¨ DËi L e¨vL¨v : 26‡k Ryb, 1945 mv‡j 50wU †`k RwZmsN mb‡` ¯^vÿi K‡i| GQvovI 15B A‡±vei, 1945 mv‡j †cvj¨vÛ RvwZmsN mb‡` ¯^vÿi K‡i| †gvU 51wU †`k wb‡q 24 †k A‡±vei, 1945 mv‡j Bqvëv m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g RvwZms‡Ni hvÎv Avi¤¢ nq| evsjv‡`k
  • 5. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 5 RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ nq 17B †m‡Þ¤^i, 1974 mv‡j 136Zg †`k wn‡m‡e| RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ 193wU †`k| `wÿY my`vb| †`kwU 9B RyjvB, 2011 mv‡j ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci 14B RyjvB RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ wn‡m‡e AšÍfz©³ nq| RvwZms‡Ni ch©‡eÿK †`k f¨vwUKvb wmwU (Holy See) Ges wdwjw¯Íb (Palestine) ch©‡eÿK wn‡m‡e h_vµ‡g 1964 Ges 2012 mv‡j AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq| 28. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g RvZxq msm‡`i wbe©vPb nq (40Zg wewmGm) K. 7 †deªæqvwi, 1973 L. 7 Rvbyqvwi, 1973 M. 7 gvP©, 1973 N. 7 GwcÖj, 1973 DËi M e¨vL¨v : ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 7 gvP©, 1973 mv‡j| GKv`k RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 30 wW‡m¤^i, 2018 mv‡j| 29. Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy Kiv nq (40Zg wewmGm) K. 13 nvRvi 125wU L. 13 nvRvi 130wU M. 13 nvRvi 136wU N. 13 nvRvi 146wU DËi M e¨vL¨v : 2017 mv‡j RvZxq msm‡`i GK cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© ZrKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x †gvnv¤§` bvwmg e‡jb, Z…Yg~j chv©‡q ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‡c․u‡Q †`evi Rb¨ 13, 136wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 30. Let there be light weL¨vZ QwewUi cwiPvjbv K‡ib- (40Zg wewmGm) K. AvgRv` †nv‡mb L. Rwni ivqnvb M. Lvb AvZvDi ingvb N. †kL ‡bqvgZ Avjx DËi L e¨vL¨v : ÔLet there be light‟ weL¨vZ QwewUi cwiPvjK wQ‡jb Rwni ivqnvb| GB QwewU †kl n‡Z bv n‡ZB gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nq| Zvui cÖ_g Pjw”P‡Îi bvg KL‡bv Av‡mwb (1961)| GQvovI wZwb †mvbvi KvRj (1962), Kvu‡Pi †`qvj (1963, wbMvi cyiæ¯‥vi cÖvß), m½g (1964, mg¯Í cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g iw½b Qwe), evnvbv (1965, Zvui wbwg©Z cÖ_g wm‡bgv‡¯‥vc Qwe), †eûjv (1966), Av‡bvqvi (1967), Rxeb †_‡K †bqv (1970, fvlv Av‡›`vjb wfwËK) cÖf…wZ Qwei cwiPvjbv K‡ib| 01. wbe©vnx wefvM †_‡K wePvi wefvM c„_K Kivi welqwU msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` D‡jøL i‡q‡Q? K. Aby‡”Q` 24 L. Aby‡”Q` 21 M. Aby‡”Q` 22 N. Aby‡”Q` 23 DËi : M e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱- এয ঳ংতফধাননয ২২ নং অনুনিনদ তনফযা঴ী তফবাক ঴নত তফঘায তফবাক ঩ৃথওীওযনণয ফযা঩ানয উনল্লঔ যন৞নঙ। ১রা ননবম্বয, ২০০৭ ঳ানর তফজ্ঞতিয ভাধযনভ মপৌচদাতয ওামযতফতধ ওামযওয ওযা ঴৞। এয আনক ২০০৭ ঳ানরয ১১ চানু৞াতয কতিত তত্ত্বাফধা৞ও ঳যওায তনফযা঴ী তফবাক মথনও তফঘায তফবাক ঩ৃথওীওযনণয রনেয মপৌচদাতয ওামযতফতধ (঳ংন঱াধনী) অধযানদ঱ ২০০৭ চাতয ওনয (২০০৯ ঳ানর আইনন ঩তযণত ঴৞)। 02. evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z (GDP) K…wl Lv‡Zi (dmj, eb, cÖvwYm¤ú`, grm¨mn) Ae`vb KZ kZvsk? K. 16 kZvsk L. 12 kZvsk M. 18 kZvsk N. 14.79 kZvsk DËi : †bvU e¨vL¨v : ২০১৭- ১৮ অথযফঙনযয ঳াভত৞ও ত঴঳াফ অনুমা৞ী তচতিত঩নত অফদান ওৃতল ঔানতয অফদান ১৪. ১০ ঱তাং঱। প্রনে প্রদত্ত উত্তয঳ভূন঴য ভনধয ঳ফনঘন৞ ওাঙাওাতঙ উত্তয তঙর ১৪.৭৯ ঱তাং঱। তাই এ উত্তযত গ্র঴ণ ওযা মমনত ঩ানয। ম঳নেনে ঳তিও উত্তয (খ)। A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abymv‡i wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb 13.60 kZvsk| wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb µgk Kg‡Q| 03. wkï g„Zz¨i nvi n«v‡m mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv wK A¨vIqvW© AR©b K‡i‡Qb? K. Planet 50-50 L. এভতিতচ এযা঑৞ািয – ২০১০ M. RvwZmsN kvwšÍ cyi¯‥vi N. m¤§vbm~PK W±‡iU wWMÖx e¨vL¨v : gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿xi cyi¯‥vimg~n- ২০১৮ : বাযনতয ঩তিভফনঙ্গয আ঳ানন঳ানরয ‚ওাচী নচরুর ই঳রাভ তফশ্বতফদযার৞‛ ২৬মভ, ২০১৮ ঳ানর তফন঱ল ঳ভাফতযন উৎ঳নফ তফশ্বতফদযারন৞য ঩ে মথনও ফাংরানদন঱য ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও ‘তি- তর ’ তিতগ্র প্রদান ওযা ঴৞। ২০১৬ : তরঙ্গ ঳ভতা ঑ নাযীয েভতা৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য চাতত঳ংনখয রৃত অযা঑৞ািয ম঩ন৞নঙন ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳না। ঩ুযস্কাযগুনরা ঴র- „Planet 50-50 Champion‟ ঑ „Agent for Change Award‟। „Planet 50-50 Champion‟ ঩ুযস্কাযত মদ঑৞া ঴৞ UN Women এয ঩ে মথনও। আয „Agent for Change Award‟ মদ৞ Global Partnership Forum. ২০১৫ : „Champion of the Earth‟ চরফা৞ু ঩তযফতযনন ছুাঁতও মভাওানফরা৞ চাতত঳ংখ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয। 39Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cÖkœ I mgvavb
  • 6. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 6 ২০১৫ : ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Award. তিতচ ার ফাংরানদ঱ কিন ঑ তথয প্রমুতিয উন্ন৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য চাতত঳ংখ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয। ২০১৫ : WIP (Women in Parliament) Global Award. যাচনীততনত নাযী ঩ুরুনলয বফলভয ওভাননায মেনে দতেণ ঑ দতেণ -঩ূফয এত঱৞া৞ মনতৃস্থানী৞ বুতভওা ঩ারননয চন্য ২৫ ভাঘয ইতথ঑ত঩৞ায যাচধানী আতে঳ আফাফা৞ এই ঩ুযস্কায মদ৞া ঴৞। ২০১৪ : ঱াতন্তফৃে ঩দও (Peace Tree Award)। নাযী ঑ ত঱রৄ ত঱ো উন্ন৞নন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য “UNESCO ”ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয। এঙাড়া঑ ঔাদয উৎ঩াদন ঑ তথয প্রমুতি মেনে অবূত঩ূফয ঳াপনরযয চন্য ম঳নেম্বয ,২০১৪঳ানর মুিযানেয ওননযর ইউতনবাত঳যত ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রীম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঳ম্যাননা ঳াত যতপনও প্রদান ওনয। ২০১৩ : South South Award. ঔাদয তনযা঩ত্তা এফং েুধা ঑ দাতযদ্র্য তফনভাঘনন তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য চাতত঳ংনখয “ইন্ াযন্যা঱নার অকযানাইনচ঱ন পয ঳াউথ ঳াউথ মওা অ঩ানয঱ন ” ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয। ২০১৩ : চাতত঳ংখ ঔাদয ঑ ওৃতল ঳ংস্থা ( FAO) দতযদ্র্তা, অ঩ুতষ্ট দূয ওযায মেনে উনল্লঔনমাকয অগ্রকতত অচযন ওযা৞ ১৬ চুন ,২০১৩ফাংরানদ঱নও„ Diploma Award‟ ঩দনও বূতলত ওনয। ২০১২ : ঱াতন্ত ঑ কণতন্ত্র প্রততিা৞ বূতভওা যাঔায চন্য তে঩ুযা মওন্দ্রী৞ তফশ্বতফদযার৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও ঳ম্যান঳ূঘও ‘তি তর ’ তিতগ্র প্রদান ওযা ওনয। ২০১১ : ২৬ চানু৞াতয ইংরযানন্িয ঴াউ঳ অফ ওভনেয তস্ধওায Jhon Bercwo MP ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রীনও কণতন্ত্র ঩ুনুরুোনয দূযদ঱যী মনতৃত্ব, সু঱া঳ন, ভানফাতধওায যো, আঞ্চতরও ঱াতন্ত ঑ চরফা৞ু ঩তযফতযননয ঘযানরঞ্জ মভাওানফরা৞ ঳নঘতনতা ফৃতেনত তায অনফদয অফদাননয চন্য Global Diversity Award প্রদান ওনযন । ২০১১ : South South Award . স্঩াস্থযঔানত তথয প্রমুতিয ফযফ঴ানযয ভাধযনভ নাযী ঑ ত঱রৄ ভৃতুযয ঴ায ওভাননায মেনে তফন঱ল অফদাননয চন্য International Telecommunication Union (ITU) South South News, এফং চাতত঳ংনখয আতিওা ঳ংক্রান্ত অথযননততও ওতভ঱ন মমৌথবানফ ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও South South Award 2011 : Digital Development Health এই ঩ুযস্কানয বূতলত ওনয । ২০১১ : স্঩ণয঩দও ( কণতন্ত্র সু঳ং঴তওযনণ প্রনঘষ্টা ঑ নাযীয েভতা৞নন অফদান যাঔায চন্য) , িতপন তফশ্বতফদযার৞, িাে। ২০১০ : MDG (Millennium Development Goal) Award : ত঱রৄ ভৃতুযয হ্রা঳ ঳ংক্রান্ত মকার- ৪ অচযননয স্঩ীওৃততস্঩রূ঩ চাতত঳ংখ এই ঩ুযস্কায প্রদান ওনয। ২০১০ : ২৩ ননবম্বয ভাননী৞ প্রধানভন্ত্রী ম঱ঔ ঴াত঳নানও আন্তচযাততও উন্ন৞নন অ঳াভান্য অফদাননয চন্য St. Petrsburg University প্রধানভন্ত্রীনও ঳ম্যান঳ূঘও িটনয তিগ্রী প্রদান ওনযন। ২০১০ : ১২ চানু৞াতয তফশ্বঔযাত „ইতদযা কান্ধী ঱াতন্ত ঩দও - ২০০৯‟ এ বূতলত ঴ন। 04. ÔRxeb †_‡K †bqvÕ Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK †K? K. AvjgMxi L. Rwni ivqnvb M. myfvl `Ë N. AvgRv` †nv‡mb DËi: L e¨vL¨v : চীফন মথনও মন৞া (১৯৭০) চত঴য যা৞঴াননয বালা আনদারন তবতত্তও ঘরতিে। ফাংরানদন঱য ইতত঴ান঳ এই ঘরতিনে প্রথভ চাতী৞ ঳ঙ্গীত ফাচাননা ঴৞। চত঴য যা৞঴াননয অন্যান্য ঘরতিে঳ভূন঴য নাভ- ওঔননা আন঳তন (১৯৬১, প্রথভ ঘরতিে), ম঳ানায ওাচর (১৯৬২), ওাাঁনঘয মদ৞ার (১৯৬৩, ঳ভস্ত ঩াতওস্তাননয প্রথভ যতঙ্গন ঘরতিে), ফা঴ানা (১৯৬৫, তায প্রথভ তনতভযত ত঳ননভানস্কা঩ ঙতফ), মফর৆রা (১৯৬৬), আননা৞াযা (১৯৬৭), Let there be light (Bs‡iwR cÖvgvY¨wPÎ)। 05. gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq- K. 10B GwcÖj, 1971 L. 14B GwcÖj, 1971 M. 17B GwcÖj, 1971 N. 12B GwcÖj, 1971 DËi : K e¨vL¨v : ভুতিমুেনও কততভ৞ ঑ সু঳ং঴ত ওযা, বাযনত আশ্র৞গ্র঴ণওাযী রে রে ফাগাতরয মদঔান঱ানা এফং ফত঴তফযনশ্ব ফাঙ্গাতর চাততয বাফভূততযনও তুনর ধযায চন্য ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ভুতিমুে ঘরাওারীন ঳ভন৞ ‘প্রফা঳ী ঳যওায’ (Government-in-Exile) কিননয তঘন্তা- বাফনা ঘরনত থানও। ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ১০ ই এতপ্রর ভুতচফনকয মথনও চাতযওৃত স্঩াধীনতায মখালণা঩নেয ভাধযনভ কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদন঱য ১ভ ঳যওায কিন ওযা ঴৞। ১১ ই এতপ্রর, তাচউতেন আ঴ভদ অর ইতন্ি৞া মযতি঑য ত঱তরগুতড় মওন্দ্রনও ‚স্঩াধীন ফাংরা মফতায মওন্দ্র‛ ত঴ন঳নফ উনল্লঔ ওনয ম঳ঔান মথনও বালণ প্রদান ওনযন। এয পনর মফাভা ঴াভরা ঴৞। এই ঳যওায ঱঩থ গ্র঴ণ ওনয ১৯৭১ ঳ানরয ১৭ ই এতপ্রর। ফতযভান মভন঴য঩ুয মচরায বফদযনাথতরায বনফয ঩াড়া গ্রাভ ( ফতযভান নাভ ভুতচফনকয) । ভুতচফনকয নাভওযণ ওনযন তাচউতেন আ঴ভদ। ভুতচফনকয ঳যওায কিন ওযা ঴ন৞তঙর ৫ ত যাচননততও ঳ংকিননয ভাধযনভ। h_v- K. AvIqvgx jxM, L. b¨vc (fvmvbx), M. b¨vc (‡gvRvddi), N. evsjv‡`k RvZxq Ks‡MÖm Ges O. evsjv‡`k KwgDwb÷ cvwU©| 06. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi b~¨bZg eqm KZ? K. 25 eQi L. 20 eQi M. 30 eQi N. 35 eQi DËi : K
  • 7. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 7 e¨vL¨v : MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Abymv‡i wewfbœ c‡` wbe©vP‡bi b~¨bZg eqm- ivóªcwZ (35) cÖavbgš¿x (25) ¯úxKvi (25) gš¿x, cÖwZgš¿x, Dcgš¿x I msm` m`m¨ (25 eQi) 07. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †gvU KZwU Zdwmj i‡q‡Q? K. 8wU L. 5wU M. 6wU N. 7wU DËi : N e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱ ঳ংতফধানন তপত঳র যন৞নঙ মভা ৭ত – cÖ_g Zdwmj Ab¨vb¨ weavb m‡Ë¡I Kvh©Ki weavb wØZxq Zdwmj ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb Z…Zxq Zdwmj kc_ I †NvlYv PZz_© Zdwmj µvšÍKvj I A¯’vqx weavbgvjv cÂg Zdwmj 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡ni †`Iqv fvlY| lô Zdwmj 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© ga¨ivZ †k‡l A_©vr 26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…©K cÖ`Ë ¯^vaxbZvi †Nvlbv| mßg Zdwmj 10 GwcÖj, 1971 Gi gywRebMi miKv‡ii RvwiK…Z ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv| 08. cjvwk hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj? K. Ryb 24, 1757 L. Ryb 23, 1757 M. Ryb 25, 1757 N. Ryb 22, 1757 DËi : L e¨vL¨v: ১৭৫৭ ঳ানরয ২৩ম঱ চুন ভুত঱যদাফানদয মতই঱ ভাইর দূনয ঩রাত঱য প্রান্তনয ইস্ট ইতন্ি৞া মওাম্পাতন ঑ ত঳যানচয ভনধয মুে ফানধ। নফানফয ঩নে তঙর ১৮,০০০ অশ্বানযা঴ী ঑ ৫০,০০০ ঩দাততও ম঳না এফং অন্যতদনও ইংনযচ ঩নে তঙর ৮০০ ইংনযচ ম঳না ঑ ২,২০০ মদ঱ী৞ ম঳না। নফানফয ম঳না ঳ংঔযা ইংনযচ ঩নেয তুরনা৞ অননও মফত঱ ঴নর঑ এই মুনে নফানফয রৃই ম঳না঩তত ভীযচাপয ঑ যা৞রৃরযব মুে আযম্ভ ওনয দূনয ঳নয থানওন, তওন্তু নফানফয অন্য রৃই তফশ্বস্ত ম঳না঩তত ভীযভদন ঑ মভা঴নরার মুে ঘাতরন৞ মান। নফানফয চ৞ মঔন সুতনতিত, ম঳ই ঳ভ৞ ভীযভদন ইংনযচনদয মকারায আখানত তন঴ত ঴ন। এই ঔফনয ত঳যাচ তফঘতরত ঴ন৞ ভীযচাপনযয ঱যণা঩ন্ন ঴ন ঑ তাাঁয ঩যাভ঱য প্রাথযনা ওনযন। তফশ্বা঳খাতও ভীযচাপয ত঳যানচয ঳ংও ঩ূণয ঩তযতস্থততয সুনমাক তনন৞ তঔতন মুে ফন্ধ ওযায ঩যাভ঱য মদন। ত঳যাচ মুে ফন্ধ ওযায আনদ঱ তদনর তাাঁয ঩তন খন । নফাফ ফাত঴নী ঙেবঙ্গ ঴৞ এফং ত঳যাচ মওাননাভনত প্রাণ তনন৞ ভুত঱যদাফানদ তপনয আন঳ন। ক্লাইব মুেনেনেই ভীযচাপযনও নতুন নফাফ ফনর অতবনতদত ওনযন এফং নচযানা মদন। ক্লাইনবয ঳া঴ানময ভীযচাপয ভুত঱যদাফানদয ত঳ং঴া঳নন ফ঳নর ত঳যাচ ভুত঱যদাফাদ মঙনড় ঩াতরন৞ মান। ওন৞ওতদননয ভনধযই যাচভ঴নরয ঩নথ ত঳যাচনও ফদী ওনয ভুত঱যদাফানদ তনন৞ আ঳া ঴৞ এফং ভীযচাপয ঩ুে ভীযননয আনদন঱ তাাঁনও ২যা চুরাই, ১৭৫৭঳ানর তনভযভবানফ ঴তযা ওযা ঴৞। 09. gyw³hy‡×i mgq †b․ KgvÛ MwVZ nq KZ bs †m±i wb‡q? K. 11 bs †m±i L. 8 bs †m±i M. 9 bs †m±i N. 10 bs †m±i DËi : N e¨vL¨v : ভুতিমুনেয ঳ভ৞ মদ঱নও ১১ত ম঳টনয বাক ওনযতঙনরন তাচউতেন আ঴ভনদয তননদযন঱ এভ এ তচ ঑঳ভানী। ১০ নং মনৌ ম঳টনয তন৞তভত ম঳টয ওভান্িায তঙর না। ভুতিমুনেয ঳াফ- ম঳টয তঙর ৬৪ত । ভুতিমুনে ঳ফযাতধনা৞ও তঙনরন চাততয ত঩তা ফঙ্গফন্ধু ম঱ঔ ভুতচফুয য঴ভান। 10. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb wePvicwZ wb‡qvM †`b †K? K. ivóªcwZ L. cÖavbgš¿x M. ¯úxKvi N. RvZxq msm` DËi : K e¨vL¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱– এয ঳ংতফধাননয ৯৫ নং অনুনিদ অনু঳ানয যাে঩তত প্রধান তফঘায঩ততনও তনন৞াক মদন। 11. e½f½ i` nq KZ mv‡j? K. 1912 mv‡j L. 1908 mv‡j M. 1909 mv‡j N. 1911 mv‡j DËi : N e¨vL¨v : ফঙ্গবঙ্গ I e½f½ i`: ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৯ চুরাই ঳যওানযয ঘূড়ান্ত ত঳োন্ত মভাতানফও ১৯০৫ ঳ানরয ১৬ই অনটাফয ওামযওয ঴৞। বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ওাচযন। ফঙ্গবনঙ্গয ভাধযনভ ফাংরা ২ত বানক তফবি ঴৞। ১৯১১ ঳ানর ফঙ্গবঙ্গ যদ ঴৞। ফঙ্গবঙ্গ যনদয ঳ভ৞ তব্঩ন ননয যাচা তঙনরন ৫ভ চচয এফং বাই঳য৞ তঙনরন রিয ঴াতিযঞ্জ। ১৯১২ ঳ানর যাচধানী ওরওাতা ওযা ঴নর঑ ১৯১২ ঳ানর তদল্লীনত ঴স্তান্তয ওযা ঴৞ ( ঩ূফয + ঩তিভ ফাংরা = মফঙ্গর প্রনদ঱)। 12. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i cÖ¯ÍvweZ ev‡R‡Ui evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ eivÏ KZ Av‡Q? K. 173,0000 †KvwU UvKv L. 170,000 †KvwU UvKv M. 171,000 †KvwU UvKv N. 172,000 †KvwU UvKv DËi : K 13. cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx ÿgZv Kvi nv‡Z? K. ivóªcwZ L. gš¿x M. mwPe N. cÖavbgš¿x DËi : N e¨v¨L¨v : কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱- এয ঳ংতফধাননয ৫৫ (২) নং অনুনিদ অনু঳ানয মাফতী৞ তনফযা঴ী েভতা প্রধানভন্ত্রীয দ্বাযাই তন৞তন্ত্রত ঴নফ। ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ ১১ ১০ নং মনৌ ম঳টয
  • 8. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 8 14. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwci cÖ‡ÿwcZ cÖe„w×i nvi KZ? K. 8.00 kZvsk L. 7.28 kZvsk M. 7.65 kZvsk N. 7.80 kZvsk DËi : N 15. cÖZvc Avw`Z¨ †K wQ‡jb? K. ivRcyZ ivRv L. evsjvi kvmK M. †gvMj †mbvcwZ N. evsjvi ev‡iv f~BTv‡`i GKRb DËi : N e¨vL¨v: g~j eY©bvq we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewj → cÖvPxb evsjvi nwi‡Kj Rbc` AÂf~³ GjvKv- DËi: PÆMÖvg| (38Zg wewmGm) → wb‡¤œi ‡gvNj m¤ªv‡Ui g‡a¨ †K cÖ_g AvZ¥Rxebx wj‡LwQ‡jb? DËi: evei| (38Zg wewmGm) → HwZnvwmK Qq `dv †NvlYv Kiv nq 1966 mv‡ji- DËi: ‡deªæqvwi‡Z | (38Zg wewmGm) → gywRebMi miKv‡ii ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿x †K wQ‡jb? DËi: G.GBP.Gg Kvgviæ¾vgvb| (38Zg wewmGm) → wK‡mi wfwˇZ c~e© evsjvq fvlv Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj? DËi: ev½vjx RvZxqZvev`| (38Zg wewmGm) → 1954 mv‡ji c~e© evsjv cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b hy³ wQ‡jb bv? DËi: beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn| (38Zg wewmGm) → c~e© e½ I Avmvg cÖ‡`k MVbKv‡j e„wUk fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I fvBmiq wQ‡jb- DËi: jW© KvR©b| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯^vaxb beve †K? DËi: gywk©`Kzwj Lvb| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf‚wgKvq wbwg©Z Ôax‡i e‡n †gNbvÕ Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vZv †K? DËi: AvjgMxi Kwei| (37Zg wewmGm) → 1954 mv‡ji c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui cÖZxK wQj- DËi: ‡b․Kv| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix cÖ_g Abvie gymwjg †`k †KvbwU? DËi: gvj‡qwkqv/B‡›`v‡bwkqv (`y‡UvB GKB w`‡b) (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k gh©v`v Abymv‡i 3q exiZ¡m~PK †LZve- DËi: exi weµg (37Zg wewmGm) → HwZnvwmK 6-`dv‡K wK‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq? DËi: g¨vMbvKvUv©| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjvi ÒwQqvˇii gš^šÍiÓ Gi mgq Kvj: DËi:1770 wLª÷vã| (36Zg wewmGm) → ev½vwj RvwZi cÖavb Ask †Kvb g~j RvwZ‡Mvôxi AšÍfz©³? DËi: Aw÷ªK (36Zg wewmGm) → me©`jxq †K›`ªxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq? DËi: 31 Rvbyqvwi 1952| (36Zg wewmGm) → 6 `dv `vwe †ck Kiv nq: DËi : 1966 mv‡j| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjvi me©cÖvPxb Rbc‡`i bvg wK? DËi: cyÛªy| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv (‡`k I fvlv) bv‡gi DrcwËi welqwU †Kvb MÖ‡š’ me©vwaK D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: AvBb-B-AvKeix| (36Zg wewmGm) → XvKvq jvjev‡Mi `yM© wbg©vY K‡ib - DËi: kv‡q¯Ív Lvb| (36Zg wewmGm) → e½eÜzi 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi mgqKv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h Av‡›`vjb PjwQj †mwU nj : DËi: c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb| (36Zg wewmGm) → 26 gvP© 1971-Gi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv e½eÜz Rvix K‡ib- DËi: Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g| (36Zg wewmGm) → XvKvi Ô‡avjvB LvjÕ ‡K Lbb K‡ib? DËi: Bmjvg Lvb| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil` †Kvb Zvwi‡L Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ ‡`q? DËi: 9 †g 1954| (36Zg wewmGm) → gyw³hy×Kvjxb †Kvb Zvwi‡L eyw×Rxex‡`i Ici e¨vcK nZ¨vKvÛ msNwUZ nq? DËi: 14 wW‡m¤^i 1971| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k†K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vbKvix cÖ_g BD‡ivcxq ‡`k †KvbwU? DËi: c~e© Rvg©vwb| (35Zg wewmGm) → Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO- Gi `xÿv¸iæ †K wQ‡jb? DËi: kxjf`ª | (35Zg wewmGm) → gnv¯’exi wkjf`ª †Kvb gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jb? DËi: bvj›`v wenvi| (35Zg wewmGm) → jW© K¨vwbs fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g †Kvb e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡ib? DËi: cywjk e¨e¯’v| (35Zg wewmGm) → cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ_g `vwe †K DÌvcb K‡ib? DËi: ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë| (35Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK †K wQ‡jb? DËi: e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| (35Zg wewmGm) → ÔMaking of a Nation BangladeshÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? DËi: byiæj Bmjvg| (35Zg wewmGm) → Ô`¨v eøvW †UwjMÖvgÕ (The Blood Telegram) MÖš’wUi †jLK- DËi: M¨vwi ‡R e¨vm| (35Zg wewmGm) wØZxq Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú` → evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb- DËi: µg n«vmgvb (38Zg wewmGm) → Ryg Pvl nq- DËi: LvMovQwo‡Z (38Zg wewmGm) → cÖavb exR Drcv`bKvix miKvwi cÖwZôvb- DËi: BADC (37Zg wewmGm) → Avjyi GKwU RvZ- DËi: WvqgÛ (37Zg wewmGm) 35-38Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi cÖkœ I mgvavb
  • 9. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 9 → evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q ‡ewk Drcvw`Z nq- DËi: ‡ev‡iv avb (37Zg wewmGm) → Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Uviwkqvwi cvnvomg~n†K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- DËi: 2 fv‡M (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k †ivcv Avgb avb KvUv nq- DËi: AMÖnvqY-‡c․l gv‡m (36Zg wewmGm) → my›`ieb-Gi KZ kZvsk evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgvi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q? DËi: 62% (36Zg wewmGm) → ÔAwMœk^iÕ wK dm‡ji DbœZRvZ? DËi: Kjv (36Zg wewmGm) → ÔeY©vjxÕ Ges ÔïåÕ Kx? DËi: DbœZ Rv‡Zi f‚Æv (35Zg wewmGm) → g¨vb‡MÖvf wK? DËi: DcK‚jxq eb (35Zg wewmGm) Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvwi, RvwZ, †Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ welqvw` → PvKgv Rb‡Mvôxi †jvKmsL¨v me©vwaK- DËi: ivOvgvwU †Rjvq| (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq? DËi: 1974 mv‡j| (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k B‡KvbwgK wiwfD, 2016 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wkï g„Zy¨i nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i RxweZ R‡b¥) DËi: 30| (38Zg wewmGm) → miKvwi wn‡me g‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Mo Avqy- DËi: 70.8 eQi| (37Zg wewmGm) → 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k Household cÖwZ RbmsL¨v- DËi: 4.4 Rb| (37Zg wewmGm) → ‡h wefv‡Mi ¯^vÿiZvi nvi me©vwaK- DËi: ewikvj wefvM| (37Zg wewmGm) → ‡h †Rjvq nvRs‡`i emevm †bB- DËi: gqgbwmsn I ‡b·KvYv ‡Rjvq nvRs‡`i emevm| (37Zg wewmGm) → 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki bvix-cyiæl Gi AbycvZ- DËi: 100 : 100.3| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq K‡e? DËi: 1974 mv‡j| (36Zg wewmGm) → ‡Kvb DcRvwZ ev ÿz`ª b„-‡Mvôxi ag© Bmjvg? DËi: cvOb| (36Zg wewmGm) → Lvwmqv MÖvg¸‡jv wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? DËi: cywÄ| (35Zg wewmGm) → wek^ RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b 2009 Abyhvqx RbmsL¨vi w`K ‡_‡K we‡k^ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZZg? DËi: 7g| (35Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mgxÿv 2014 Abyhvqx Mo ¯^vÿiZvi nvi- DËi: 57.9%| (35Zg wewmGm) PZz_© Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ → 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Mo g~j¨ùxwZ wQj- DËi: 5.92% (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq MYbvq †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K KÕwU Lv‡Z fvM Kiv nq- DËi: 15 (38Zg wewmGm) → 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv †gqv‡` cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`‡ki Mo cÖK…Z wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv- DËi: 7.40% (38Zg wewmGm) → MDG Gi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ wK? DËi: ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨ `~i Kiv (36Zg wewmGm) → ECNEC Gi ‡Pqvg¨vb ev mfvcwZ †K? DËi: cÖavbgš¿x (36Zg wewmGm) → cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Abyhvqx mßg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv †Kvb †gqv‡` n‡e? DËi: 2016-2020 (35Zg wewmGm) cÂg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨ → evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK DËi: evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k we`y¨r Drcv`‡b R¦vjvwb wn‡m‡e me©vwaK e¨eüZ nq DËi: cÖvK…wZK M¨vm (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b me©vwaK cwigvY A‡_©i wewfbœ cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i- DËi: Pxb †_‡K (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi EPZ Gi msL¨v- DËi: 8wU (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb K‡i- DËi: Pxb (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs ïiæ K‡i- DËi: WvP-evsjv e¨vsK (37Zg wewmGm) → U¨vwid Kwgkb ‡Kvb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b- DËi: evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k ‣Zwi RvnvR Ô‡÷jv †gwimÕ ißvwb n‡q‡Q- DËi: ‡Wbgv‡K© (37Zg wewmGm) → evM`v wPswo †Kvb `kK ‡_‡K ißvwb cY¨ wnmv‡e ¯’vb K‡i †bq? DËi: Avwki `kK (35Zg wewmGm) → wek^ evRv‡i eø¨vK †e½j QvM‡ji Pvgov wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? DËi: Kzwóqv †MÖW (35Zg wewmGm) → b¨vPvivj M¨vm dvwU©jvBRvi d¨v±wi wj: Gi Drcvw`Z mvi- Gi bvg †KvbwU? DËi: BDwiqv Ges GGmwm (35Zg wewmGm) lô Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb → MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †Kvb avivq mKj bvMwiK‡K AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? DËi: aviv 27| (38Zg wewmGm) → MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii g‡Z cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qv‡Mi †gqv`Kvj- DËi: 5eQi| (38Zg wewmGm) → AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv- DËi: RvZxq msm‡`i| (38Zg wewmGm) → msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` miKvwi Kg© Kwgkb MV‡bi D‡jøL Av‡Q? DËi: 137| (37Zg wewmGm) → RvZxq msm‡` ÔKvDw›UsÕ (mwVK: Kvw÷s) †fvUÕ Kx? DËi: ¯úxKv‡ii †fvU| (37Zg wewmGm)
  • 10. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 10 → ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v msweav‡bi KZZg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g i` Kiv n‡q‡Q? DËi: 15Zg| (36Zg wewmGm) → ‡Kvb ivóªxq Abyôv‡b RvZxq msMx‡Zi KZ PiY evRv‡bv nq? DËi: cÖ_g 4wU| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm` Kq Kÿ wewkó? DËi: GK Kÿ| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k msweav‡b cÖkvmwbK UªvBey¨bvj welqwU †Kvb Aby‡”Q‡` mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: 117| (35Zg wewmGm) → gvÎ GKwU msm`xq Avmb- DËi: ivOvgvwU †Rjvq| (37Zg wewmGm) mßg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‣bwZK e¨e¯’v → mgv‡R wkwÿZ †kªYxi †h Ask miKvi ev K‡c©v‡iU MÖæ‡c _v‡K bv, wKš‘ mK‡ji Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi ÿgZv iv‡L- DËi: mykxj mgvR| (38Zg wewmGm) → MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ nevi b~¨bZg eqm- DËi: 35 eQi| (38Zg wewmGm) Aóg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi e¨e¯’v → ‡`‡ki †Kvb GjvKv‡ZB †fvUvi nbwb Ggb e¨w³ msm` wbe©vP‡b- DËi: ‡Kvb µ‡gB cÖv_x© n‡Z cvi‡e bv| (38Zg wewmGm) → ‡KvbwU ¯’vbxq miKvi bq - DËi: cjøx we`y¨r| (38Zg wewmGm) → wb‡Pi †KvbwU bvMwi‡Ki `vwqZ¡? DËi: iv¯Ívq UªvwdK AvBb †g‡b Pjv| (38Zg wewmGm) → cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍPzw³ KZ mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ nq? DËi: 1997| (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb RvZxq msm‡` cÖavbgš¿xi cÖ‡kœvËi ce© Pvjy nq? DËi: mßg| (37Zg wewmGm) → NILG Gi c~Y©iæc- DËi: National Institute of Local Government. (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k BDwbqb cwil‡`i msL¨v KZ? DËi: 4550| (35Zg wewmGm) beg Aa¨vq : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b, wewkó e¨w³Z¡, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb I ¯’vcbvmg~n, RvZxq cyi¯‥vi, evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Ljvayjvmn Pjw”PÎ, MYgva¨g-mswkøó welqvw` → ‡U÷ wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ ‡K cÖ_g Wvej †mÂzwi K‡ib? DËi: gykwdK| (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g b¨v‡bv m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui bvg Kx? DËi: eª¨vK A‡š^lv| (38Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k Ges gvqvbgv‡ii g‡a¨ mgy`ªmxgv we‡iva †Kvb ms¯’vi gva¨‡g wb®úwË nq? DËi: International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. (38Zg wewmGm) → wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`k †U÷ gh©v`v cvq- DËi: 2000 mv‡j| (37Zg wewmGm) → 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i AwR©Z evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×i nvi- DËi: 7.05%| (37Zg wewmGm) → eZ©gvb mg‡q evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii eo AR©b †KvbwU? DËi: hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cZvKv K‡e M„nxZ nq? DËi: 17 Rvbyqvwi, 1972| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡k †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji msL¨v- DËi: eZ©gv‡b ÑÑÑÑÑwU| (35Zg wewmGm) → 19 †g 2012 †Kvb evsjv‡`wk Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib? DËi: wbkvZ gRyg`vi| (35Zg wewmGm) → weL¨vZ wPÎKg© ÔwZb Kb¨vÕ Gi wPÎKi †K? DËi: Kvgiæj nvmvb| (35Zg wewmGm) → ÔRxebXzjxÕ wK? DËi: GKwU Pjw”P‡Îi bvg| (35Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ Awf‡l‡K †Kvb wµ‡KUvi cuvP DB‡KU †c‡q‡Qb? DËi: ZvmwKb Avn‡g`| (35Zg wewmGm) → ‡Kvb weL¨vZ g¨vMvwRb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ivRbxwZi Kwe (Poet of Politics) AvL¨v w`‡qwQj? DËi: wbDR DBK&m| (35Zg wewmGm) Ab¨vb¨ → gvqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki KqwU †Rjvi mxgvšÍ i‡q‡Q? DËi: 3wU| (38Zg wewmGm) → ‡ebv‡cvj ¯’je›`i msjMœ fviZxq ¯’je›`i- DËi: ‡c‡Uªv‡cvj| (37Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`k wmwfj mvwf©‡m K¨vWvi msL¨v- DËi: 27 | (37Zg wewmGm) → fvi‡Zi KZwU ÔwQUgnjÕ evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgvq AšÍfz©³ n‡q‡Q? DËi: 111wU| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb †KvbwU? DËi: 880 01‫׳‬ †_‡K 920 41‫׳‬ c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËi †Rjv KZwU? DËi: 19wU| (36Zg wewmGm) → ÔïfjsÕ SiYv †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? DËi: ivOvgvwU| (36Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki DòZg ¯’v‡bi bvg wK? DËi: jvjcyi, bv‡Uvi| (36Zg wewmGm) → Ô‡mvqvP Ae †bv MÖvDÛÕ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? DËi: e‡½vcmvM‡i| (35Zg wewmGm) → ÔAwjf UviUjÕ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb Øx‡c cvIqv hvq? DËi: †m›UgvwU©b| (35Zg wewmGm) → cÖvwšÍK n«` ‡Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z? DËi: ev›`ievb| (35Zg wewmGm) → h‡kvi †Rjvq Aew¯’Z wej- DËi: fe`n| (35Zg wewmGm) → Mfxi mgy`ª e›`i wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ †mvbvw`qv Øx‡ci AvqZb KZ? DËi: 9 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| (35Zg wewmGm) → evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb AÂj‡K 360 AvDwjqvi †`k ejv nq? DËi: wm‡jU| (35Zg wewmGm)
  • 11. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 11 cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg mvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm; fvlv Av‡›`vjb; 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb; Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb 1966; MY Afz¨Ìvb 168-69; 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb; Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 1971; 7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY; ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv; gywRebMi miKv‡ii MVb I Kvh©vewj; gyw³hy‡×i iY‡K․kj; gyw³hy‡× e„nr kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv; cvK evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q| Õ cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‣bwZK BwZnvm ‡g․h© hy‡M evsjv 327-326 wLªóc~e©v‡ã wMÖK exi Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii fviZ Avµg‡Yi mgq †_‡K cÖK…Z BwZnvm cvIqv hvq| wMÖK †jLK‡`i K_vq evsjv‡`‡k ÔM½vwWiBÕ bv‡g GKwU kw³kvjx RvwZi evm¯’vb wQj fvMxi_x I cÙvi ga¨eZx© A‡j| wMÖK MÖš’KviMY M½vwWiB QvovI ÔcÖvwmAqÕ bv‡g Aci GK RvwZi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Avµg‡Yi mgq evsjvi ivRv gMavw` †`k Rq K‡i cvÄve ch©šÍ ivR¨ we¯Ívi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb cvUwjcy‡Îi b›`eskxq †Kvb ivRv| ☼ P›`ª¸ß †gŠh© (wLª÷c~e© 324-300 Aã) → ‡g․h© esk cÖwZwôZ nq 321 wLªóc~e©v‡ã| Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii fviZ Z¨v‡Mi gvÎ `yB eQi ci 321 wLªóc~e©v‡ã ‡g․h© m¤ªvU P›`ª¸ß †g․h© fvi‡Zi GK wekvj A‡ji Ici †g․h© es‡ki cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vcb K‡ib| P›`ª¸ß ‡g․h© Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †mbvcwZ †mjyKvm‡K civwRZ K‡ib| †mjyKvm wLªóc~e© 302 A‡ã wMÖK `~Z †gMvw¯’wbm‡K wn‡m‡e P›`ª¸‡ßi ivR`iev‡i †cÖiY K‡ib| wMÖK cwieªvRK †gMvw¯’wbm K‡qK eQi G ‡`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i †g․h© kvmb m¤ú‡K© Zvui AwfÁZv ÔBwÛKvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ wjwce× K‡ib| → P›`ª¸ß †g․h©‡K ejv cÖvPxb evsjv †g․h© kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv → P›`ª¸ß †g․h©‡K ejv nq fvi‡Zi cÖ_g m¤ªvU| → ivRavbx- cvUvwjcyÎ| cÖavbgš¿x PvYK¨| PvYK¨ Gi QÙbvg †K․Uj¨| †K․wUj¨ iwPZ MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔA_©kv¯¿Õ| PvY‡K¨i Ab¨ Av‡iKwU bvg Ôweòz¸ßÕ| → fviZ PvYK¨ bxwZ‡Z P‡j| → ‡h ivRv kÎæi MwZwewa m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges ïay Awf‡hvM K‡i †h Zvi wc‡V QzwiKvNvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z Kiv DwPZ| (PvYK¨) ☼ m¤ªvU A‡kvK (wLª÷c~e© 269-232 Aã) → DËi evsjvq †g․h© kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq- m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki (‡g․h© es‡ki Z…Zxq kvmK) ivRZ¡Kv‡j| AÂjwU †g․h©‡`i GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ n‡qwQj| cÖvPxb cyЪbMi wQj G cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx| → gnv¯’vbM‡o m¤ªvU A‡kv‡K GKwU wkjvwjwc cvIqv hvq| → Kw_Z Av‡Q, m¤ªvU A‡kvK Kwj½ hy‡× fqvenZv †`‡L ‡e․×ag© MÖnY K‡i| GRb¨ Zv‡K †e․× a‡g©i Kb÷vbUvBb ejv nq| ¸ß hy‡M evsjv → ¸ß hyM‡K fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| ¸ß‡`i mg‡q ivRZš¿ †Kgb wQj mvgšÍ wbf©i| ¸ß ivRv‡`i Aax‡b eo †Kv‡bv A‡ji kvmK‡K ejv n‡Zv gnvmvgšÍ| ‡g․h©‡`i g‡Zv G‡`‡k ¸c͇`i ivRavbx wQj- gnv¯’vbM‡oi cyЪbMi| → ¸ß es‡ki cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv ejv nq cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß‡K| Zvui gva¨‡g fvi‡Z ¸ß mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ nq 320 wLªóv‡ã| ☼ mgy`ª ¸ß (340-380 wLª÷vã) → ¸ß es‡ki ‡kÖô kvmK mgy`ª¸ß mgMÖ evsjv Rq K‡ib| Zvu‡K cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi ‡b‡cvwjqb ejv nq| → mgy`ª¸‡ßi ivRZ¡Kv‡j mgMÖ evsjv Rq Kiv n‡jI mgZU wQj Ki` ivR¨| ☼ wØZxq P›`ª¸ß (380-415 wLª÷vã) mgy`ª¸‡ßi g„Zz¨i ci cvUvwjcy‡Îi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb wØZxq P›`ª¸ß| Zvui Dcvwa wQj Ôweµgvw`Z¨Õ| wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi kvmbvg‡j •PwbK Zx_©hvÎx dv-wn‡qb fviZe‡l© G‡mwQ‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g Pxbv cwieªvRK wn‡m‡e fviZe‡l© G‡mwQ‡jb| Zvui fviZ md‡ii 7wU eB‡qi g‡a¨ Ô‡dv-Kz‡qv-wKsÕ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| ⸕ g‡b ivLyb : dvnv` (dvnv- dv- wn‡qb, `- wØZxq P›`ª¸ß)| `ya©l© cvnvwo ûb RvwZi cÂg kZ‡K evsjv Avµg‡Y ¸ß kvm‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U| ¯^vaxb †M․o ivR¨, kkvsK I gvrm¨b¨vq → cieZ©x ¸ß esk : ¸ß mvgªv‡R¨i cZ‡bi ci lô kZ‡K ÔcieZx© ¸ß eskÕ e‡j cwiwPZ ¸ß DËivwaKvix ivRvMY DËi evsjv, cwðg evsjvi DËivsk I gM‡a ÿgZv cÖ_g Aa¨vq⋰ ⋱evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewjt cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg-mvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‥…wZ
  • 12. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 12 we¯Ívi K‡iwQ‡jb| lô kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q G AÂjB Ô†M․o Rbc`Õ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| ☼ kkv¼ → mvgšÍivRv kkv¼ †M․o A‡j ÿgZv `Lj K‡i- 594 wLªóv‡ãi †Mvovi w`‡K| → kkv¼ cÖ_g ‡M․‡o ivR¨ ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g mve©‡f․g bicwZ| → kkv¼‡K gnvmvgšÍ ejv nq KviY ¸ß‡`i Aax‡b eo A‡ji kvmK wQ‡jb| aviYv Kiv nq kkv¼ ¸ß ivRv gnv‡mb¸‡ßi GKRb ÔgnvmvgšÍÕ Ges Zvui cyÎ A_ev åvZz®úyÎ| → kkv‡¼i ivRavbxi bvg KY©myeY© (gywk©ev‡` Aew¯’Z) → kkv‡¼i †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv me©cÖ_g DËi fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z wjß nevi ÿgZv I ej mÂvi K‡i| kkv¼ 637 wLªóv‡ãi wKQz Av‡M g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| kkv‡¼i ag© ‣ke wQj| ☼ nl©ea©b : → ivR¨ea©‡bi g„Zz¨i ci wmsnvm‡b e‡mb nl©ea©b| 01. Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO Gi `xÿv¸iæ †K wQ‡jb? (35Zg wewmGm) K. AZxk `xc¼i L. gvûqvb M. kxjf`ª N. †gMvw¯’wbm DËi : M 02. gnv¯’exi kxjf`ª †Kvb gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jb? (35Zg wewmGm) K. Avb›` wenvi L. †Mvwm‡cv wenvi M. bvj›`v wenvi N. †mvgcyi wenvi DËi : M e¨vL¨v : nl©ea©‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡ji Pxbv †e․× cwÐZ wnD‡qb mvO 630 wLªóv‡ã fviZ md‡i Av‡mb| wnD‡qb mvO bvj›`v gnvwenv‡ii Aa¨ÿ kxjf‡`ªi Kv‡Q †e․× ag©kv¯¿ Aa¨qb K‡ib| Gici wZwb ÔwmwÜÕ bv‡g GK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wnD‡qb mvO ivRv kkv¼‡K †e․×ag© we‡Ølx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| nl©ea©‡bi mfvi evbfÆ Ônl©PwiZÕ iPbv K‡ib| wewfbœ †`k †_‡K Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMZ cwieªvRK cwieªvR‡Ki bvg ‡`‡ki bvg ‡Kvb kvm‡Ki Avg‡j dv-wn‡qb Pxb wØZxq P›`ª¸ß gv-ûqvb Pxb wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn wnD‡qb mvO Pxb nl©ea©b ‡gMvw¯’wbm wMÖm P›`ª¸ß †g․h© Be‡b eZzZv gi‡°v gynv¤§` web ZzNjK (fviZ) dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn (evsjv) o kkv‡¼i g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi BwZnv‡m cÖvq 100 eQi (mßg-Aóg kZK) a‡i GK `y‡h©vMc~Y© AÜKvigq hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq| G mgqKvj‡K gvrm¨b¨vq ejv nq| o gvrm¨b¨vq : evsjvi AivRKZvi mgqKvj‡K cvj Zv¤ªkvm‡b AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôgvrm¨b¨vqÕ| cyKz‡i eo gvQ †QvU gvQ‡K a‡i wM‡j †djvi g‡Zv wek„•Lj cwiw¯’wZ‡K e‡j gvrm¨b¨vq| G AivRKZvi hyM P‡j GKk eQie¨vcx| Aóg kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS G AivRKZvi Aemvb N‡U cvj ivR‡Z¡i DÌv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| cvjesk (750-1161 wLªóvã) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kvmK [Mvav giv- †Mvcvj (cÖwZôvZv), ag© cvj, gnx cvj, ivg cvj] → evsjvq cÖ_g eskvbyµwgK kvmb ïiæ nq cvj es‡ki gva¨‡g| cvjv ivRviv wQ‡jb †e․× ag©vj¤^x| → cvj ivRv‡`i mg‡q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i GKgvÎ cÖvPxb wb`k©b ÔPh©vc`Õ iwPZ nq| → cvj ivRv‡`i wcZ…f~wg wQj e‡i›`ª| ☼ ‡Mvcvj (750-781) → gvrm¨b¨v‡qi AivRKZv‡K †`‡L evsjvi ivRc‡` ‡Mvcv‡ji kvmb mK‡j ‡g‡b †bq| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z †Mvcvj 27 eQi kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvaywbK M‡elKMY g‡b K‡ib, †Mvcvj 750 †_‡K 781 wLªóvã ch©šÍ †`k kvmb K‡ib| cvj es‡ki cÖwZôvi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq| ‡Mvcv‡ji wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq cvj es‡ki ivR‡Z¡i ïiæ nq| cvj es‡ki ivRvMY GKUvbv ÔPvikÕ eQi G‡`k kvmb K‡ib| ☼ ag©cvj (781-821 wLª÷vã) → ‡Mvcv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- ag©cvj (781-821 wLªóvã)| cvj ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB wQ‡jb me©‡kÖô| evsjv I wenvie¨vcx Zvui kvmb cÖwZwôZ wQj| → bvMfÆ I ag©cv‡ji g‡a¨ hy× nq- bvMfÆ K‡b․R `Lj Kivi Kvi‡Y| 03. cvnvocyi †e․× wenv‡ii wbg©vZv †K? (24Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj) K. ivgcvj L. ag©cvj M. P›`ª¸ß †g․h© N. Avw`k~i DËi : L 04. cvnvocy‡ii †e․× wenviwU wK bv‡g cwiwPZ? (10g wewmGm) K. †mvgcyi wenvi L. ag©cvj wenvi M. RMÏj wenvi N. kÖx wenvi DËi : K → e¨vL¨v : ag©cvj : ag©cvj wQ‡jb †e․× a‡g©i Abymvix| cvj ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB m‡e©v”P mve©‡f․g Dcvwa ci‡gk^i, cigfÆviK gnvivRvwaivR Dcvwa aviY K‡iwQ‡jb| fvMjcy‡ii 24 gvBj c~‡e© wZwb GKwU †e․× wenvi ev gV wbg©vY K‡ib| weµgkxj Zvui wØZxq bvg ev Dcvwa Abymv‡i GwU Ôweµgkxj wenviÕ bv‡g L¨vZ wQj| bIMvu †Rjvi cvnvocyi bvgK ¯’v‡bI ag©cvj GK wekvj
  • 13. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 13 wenvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| GwU Ô†mvgcyi wenviÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB ¯’vcZ¨ RvwZms‡Ni BD‡b‡¯‥v KZ©„K wek^mf¨Zvi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e (Iqvì© †nwi‡UR) ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| Zvivbv‡_i g‡Z, ag©cvj †e․×ag© wkÿvi Rb¨ 50wU wkÿv‡K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| → ag©cv‡ji cÖavbgš¿x bvg wQj- MM©| MM© wQ‡jb GKRb eªvþY| Zvui eskaiMY A‡bKw`b a‡i cvj ivRv‡`i wewfbœ c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb| → ag©cv‡ji cy‡Îi bvg- †`e cvj (821-861)| Zvi mg‡q cvj mv¤ªvR¨ me‡P‡q †ewk we¯Ívi jvf K‡i‡Q| → ‡`ecv‡ji c„ô‡cvlKZvq bvj›`v wek¦we`¨vjq mgMÖ Gwkqvq ‡e․× ms¯‥…wZi cÖavb cÖvY‡K›`ª n‡q D‡VwQj| Rvfv, mygvÎv I gvj‡qi •k‡j›`ª es‡ki gnvivR evjcy·`e‡K bvj›`vq GKwU gV cÖwZôvi AbygwZ `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| G NUbv †_‡K `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi Øxccy‡Äi mv‡‡_ evsjvi Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| ‡`ecv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci `ye©j‡PZv kvmK cvj es‡ki wmsnvm‡b e‡m, d‡j µ‡g cvj mv¤ªvR¨ cZbgyLx nq| G aviv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K †`ecv‡ji cyÎ cÖ_g weMÖncvj †_‡K wØZxq weMÖncvj ch©šÍ| ☼ gnxcvj I Ab¨vb¨ → wØZxq weMÖncv‡ji cy‡Îi bvg- cÖ_g gnxcvj (AvbygvwbK 995-1043 wLªóvã)| Zvui Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KxwZ© n‡jv K‡g¦vR RvwZi weZvob Ges c~e©e½ AwaKvi K‡i cvj mv¤ªvR¨ cybtcÖwZôv| → gnxcv‡ji ivRZ¡Kvj wQj- 50 eQi| → w`bvRcy‡ii gnxcvj `xwN I gywk©`vev‡`i gnxcv‡ji mvMi`xwN wbg©vY K‡ib- gnxcvj| → cvj mv¤ªvR¨ eûL‡Ð wef³ n‡q hvq- Z…Zxq weMÖncv‡ji mg‡q| ‣KeZ© we‡`ªvn DËie‡½i e‡i›`ª A‡ji mvgšÍeM© wØZxq gnxcv‡ji mg‡q cÖKv‡k¨ we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib| BwZnv‡m G we‡`ªvn Ô‣KeZ© we‡`ªvnÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| ‣KeZ© we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv wQ‡jb •KeZ© bvqK w`‡e¨vK ev w`e¨| wZwb wØZxq gnxcvj‡K nZ¨v K‡i e‡i›`ª `Lj K‡i †bb Ges wbR kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib| ☼ ivgcvj (1082-1124 wLª÷vã) → cvj es‡ki me©‡kl mdj kvmK wQ‡jb- ivgcvj| cÖvPxb evsjvi Kwe mܨvKi b›`x iwPZ ÔivgPwiZÕ †_‡K ivgcv‡ji RxebK_v Rvbv hvq| → ivgcvj ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib- gvj`‡ni KvQvKvwQ ÔivgveZxÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b| cieZ©x cvj ivRv‡`i Avg‡j ivgveZxB mv¤ªv‡R¨i ivRavbx wQj| ‡mb kvmbvg‡j evsjv (1061-1204 wLª÷vã) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kvmKmg~n : mv‡nweej [mvgšÍ ‡mb (cÖ_g cyiæl), †ngšÍ ‡mb (cÖwZôvZv), weRq †mb (‡kÖô ivRv), ejøvj †mb, j²Y †mb (‡kl ivRv/‡kl wn›`y ivRv)] → ‡mb es‡ki ivRv‡`i Avw`wbevm- `wÿYv‡Z¨i KY©vUK| → ‡mb hy‡M hyeivR‡`i h‡_ó cÖfve wQj Ges †R¨ô ivRKzgvi hyeivR n‡Zb| cvj es‡ki kvmbvg‡j ivwb‡K ivRKxq gh©v`v †`Iqv nq| → KY©v‡U exiZ¡ cÖ`k©b K‡i †kl eq‡m ivp A‡j M½v b`xi Zx‡i emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib- mvgšÍ †mb| ☼ ‡ngšÍ †mb → mvgšÍ †m‡bi cyÎ †ngšÍ †mb‡K †mb es‡ki cÖwZôvZv ejv nq| Kvib mvgšÍ †mb ivR¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| → aviYv Kiv nq ‡ngšÍ †mb cvj ivRv‡`i Aax‡b GKRb mvgšÍ ivRv wQ‡jb| → ‣KeZ©¨ we‡`ªv‡ni mgq cvj es‡ki ivRv ivgcvj‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib ‡ngšÍ †mb| ☼ weRq †mb (1098-1160 wLª÷vã) → ‡ngšÍ †m‡bi g„Zy¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib weRq †mb (1098-1160 wLªóvã)| Zvui my`xN© ivRZ¡Kv‡jB †mb es‡ki kvmb kw³kvjx wfwËi Dci mycÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| wZwbB m¤¢eZ mvgvšÍ ivRv †_‡K wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxbiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb| → GKv`k kZ‡K `wÿY ivp k~i es‡ki AwaKv‡i wQj| G es‡ki ivRKb¨v wejvm‡`ex‡K wZwb we‡q K‡ib| weRq †mb e‡i›`ª D×v‡i ivgcvj‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv ¯^xK…wZ cvb| → cvj es‡ki cZb N‡U weRq †m‡bi nv‡Z| → ûMjx †Rjvi w·eYx‡Z Aew¯’Z weRqcyi wQj weRq †m‡bi cÖ_g ivRavbx| wØZxq ivRavbx ¯’vcb Kiv nq eZ©gvb gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i| a‡g©i w`K †_‡K weRq †mb wQ‡jb •ke| cvj es‡ki mgvwß cvj es‡ki ivgcv‡ji ci cieZ©x kvmKMY wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ `ye©j| d‡j Zvu‡`i c‡ÿ cvj es‡ki nvj aiv m¤¢e wQj bv| ivgcv‡ji ci Kzgvicvj (Avby. 1124-1129 wLªóvã), Z…Zxq †Mvcvj (Avby. 1129-1143 wLªóvã) I g`bcvj (Avby. 1143-1161 wLªóvã) G‡K G‡K cvj wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| G mgq hy×-weMÖn †j‡MB _vKZ| Ae‡k‡l ev‡iv kZ‡Ki wØZxq fv‡M weRq †mb cvj m¤ªv‡R¨i wejywß NwU‡q evsjvq †mb es‡ki kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib| ☼ ejøvj †mb (1160-1178 wLª÷vã) → weRq †m‡bi ci wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib- Zvui cyÎ ejøvj †mb | PvjyK¨ ivRKb¨v igv †`ex‡K we‡q K‡ib- ejøvj †mb|
  • 14. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 14 → wZwb Ô`vbmvMiÕ I ÔA™¢zZmvMiÕ MÖ‡š’i †jLK| ÔA™¢zZmvMiÕ MÖš’wU wZwb mgvß K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| GwU mgvß K‡i Zvui cyÎ j²Y †mb| → ejøvj †mb wQ‡jb Zš¿ wn›`ya‡g©i c„ô‡cvlK| wZwb ivgcv‡j ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib| ejøvj †m‡bi Avg‡j eªvþY¨ a‡g©i cÖwZcwË e„w× cvq| d‡j †e․× ag© `ye©j n‡q c‡o| → ejøvj †mb wn›`y mgvR‡K bZzb K‡i MVb Kivi Rb¨ Ô‡K․wjb¨ cÖ_vÕ cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| ejøvj †mb †kl Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡ib evbcÖ¯’ Aej¤^b K‡i| ejøvj †m‡bi we‡kl Dcvwa wQj AwiivR wb:k¼ k¼i| ☼ j²Y †mb ( 1178-1204 wLªóvã) → ‡Wv¤§b cvj we‡`ªvnx nq 1196 wLª÷v‡ã| e„× eq‡m j²Y †mb `ye©j n‡q co‡j M½vZx‡i wØZxq ivRavbx beØx‡c emevm ïiæ K‡ib| d‡j Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq| G my‡hv‡M my›`ieb GjvKvq †Wv¤§b cvj we‡`ªvnx n‡q GKwU ¯^vaxb ivR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| → ‡mb es‡ki me©‡kl ivRv| → ‡Kvb HwZnvwmK jÿY †m‡bi `vbkxjZv I J`v‡h©i f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb HwZnvwmK wgbnvR| → jÿY †m‡bi cÖavbgš¿x I agx©q cÖavb wQ‡jb njvqya| → jÿY †mb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib 1205/06 wLªóv‡ã| ☼ ‡mb es‡ki kvm‡bi Aemvb : gymwjg ‡mbvcwZ eLwZqvi LjwR b`xqv AvµgY Ki‡j e„× jÿY †mb †Kvb cÖwZ‡iva bv K‡i b`xc‡_ c~e©e‡½i ivRavbx eZ©gvb gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡e jÿY †m‡bi civR‡qi ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq †mb kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U| wewfbœ ivR esk I cÖwZôvKvj esk/iv‡R¨i bvg cÖwZôvKvj ¸ß cieZ©x esk lô kZK LoM esk mßg kZK ‡`e esk Aóg kZK KvwšÍ‡`‡ei ivR¨ beg kZK P›`ª esk `kg kZK eg© esk GKv`k kZK ïi esk GKv`k kZK ‡mb esk Øv`k kZK BLwZqvi LjwRi evsjv AvµgY ·qv`k kZ‡K cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` evsjv bv‡gi GKwU ALÐ †`‡ki Rb¥ GKev‡i nqwb| Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq Rbc`¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡q| DrKxY© wkjvwjwc I wewfbœ mvwnZ¨MÖ‡š’ cÖvq 16wU Rbc‡`i K_v Rvbv hvq| Z‡e cÖwZwU Rbc‡`i mxgv memgq GKB iKg _v‡Kwb| KL‡bv †Kv‡bv Rbc‡`i mxgv ‡e‡o‡Q, Avevi KL‡bv K‡g‡Q| ☼ cÖvPxb cyЪ Rbc` 05. ফাংরায ঳ফয প্রাঘীন চন঩নদয নাভ ওী? A_ev, evsjvi cÖvPxbZg RvqMv †KvbwU? (21Zg I 36Zg wewmGm) K. cyÛª L. Zv¤ªwjß M. †M․o N. nwi‡Kj DËi : K 06. weL¨vZ mvaK kvn myjZvb ejLxi gvRvi †Kv_vq? (10g I 12Zg wewmGm) K. gnv¯’vbM‡o L. kvnRv`cy‡i M. †b·KvYvq N. ivgcv‡j DËi: K 07. gnv¯’vbMo †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z? (11Zg wewmGm) K. Ki‡Zvqv L. M½v M. eªþcyÎ N. gnvb›`v DËi : K 08. gnv¯’vbMo GK mgq evsjvi ivRavbx wQj, ZLb Gi bvg wQj (12Zg wewmGm) K. gnv¯’vb L. KY©myeY© M. cyЪbMi N. ivgveZx DËi : M 09. evsjvi cÖvPxbZg bMi‡K›`ª †KvbwU? (24Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj) K. gqbvgwZ L. cvnvocyi M. gnv¯’vbMo N. †mvbvi Mvu DËi : M 10. cÖvPxb cyЪea©b bMi †Kvb ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z? (13Zg I 25Zg wewmGm) K. gqbvgwZ L. weµgcyi M. gnv¯’vbMo N. cvnvocyi DËi: M o e¨vL¨v : cyЪ bv‡g Rbc`wU M‡o Zz‡jwQj cyЪ RvwZ| mxgvbv : iscyi, ivRkvnx, w`bvRcyi, e¸ov (kU©KvU- isivw`e) wb‡q cyÛª Rbc`wU m„wó n‡qwQj| cyЪ Rbc‡`i ivRavbxi bvg wQj cyЪbMi| cieZ©xKv‡j Gi bvg nq gnv¯’vbMo| gnv¯’vbMo cÖvPxb cyЪbMixi aŸsmve‡kl e‡j cwÐZiv g‡b K‡ib| cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi wb`k©‡bi w`K w`‡q cyЪB wQj cÖvPxb mg„× Rbc`| cv_‡ii PvKwZ‡Z †Lv`vB Kiv wjwc GLv‡b cvIqv hvq| aviYv Kiv nq, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvß GwUB cÖvPxbZg wkjvwjwc| •ew`K mvwn‡Z¨ I gnvfvi‡ZI cyЪ RvwZi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖvPxb cyЪ ivR¨ ¯^vaxb mË¡v nvivq| ☼ cÖvPxb ‡MŠo Rbc` → 6ô kZ‡K c~e© evsjvi DËi As‡k †M․o ivR¨ e‡j GKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨i K_v Rvbv hvq| → mßg kZ‡K ‡M․oivR ejv n‡Zv- kkv¼‡K| G mgq †M․‡oi ivRavbx wQj KY©myeY©| eZ©gvb gywk©`vev` †Rjvq wQj Gi Ae¯’vb| → kkv‡¼i kvmbvg‡ji c‡i e½‡`k wZbwU Rbc‡` wef³ wQj| h_v- cyЪ, †M․o, e½|
  • 15. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 15 → ivRv‡`i †M․‡ok¦i Dcvwai Rb¨ ‡M․o Rbc`wU cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| → evsjvq gymjgvb hy‡Mi ïiæ‡Z jÿYveZx‡K †M․o ejv n‡Zv| me©‡kl †M․o ej‡Z †evSvq mgMÖ evsjv‡K| Z‡e PvucvBbeveMÄ, gvj`n, gywk©`vev`, b`xqv wb‡q †M․o MwVZ n‡qwQj e‡j A‡b‡K gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| (g‡b ivLyb Pvcv gvgy b`x‡Z) ☼ cÖvPxb e½ Rbc` 11. eZ©gv‡b e„nËg XvKv †Rjv cÖvPxbKv‡j †Kvb Rbc‡`i AšÍf©y&³ wQj? (24Zg wewmGm - evwZj) K. mgZU L. cyЪ M. e½ N. nwi‡Kj DËi: M e¨vL¨v : mxgvbv : evsjv‡`‡ki c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K e½ Rbc` bv‡g GKwU Rbc` M‡o D‡VwQj| AšÍf©y³ : XvKv, MvRxcyi, gqgbwmsn, dwi`cyi, Lyjbv, ewikvj, ev‡MinvU, cUzqvLvjx| (g‡b ivLyb : DGM dwi` Lye evMcUz)| → Abygvb Kiv nq GLv‡b Ôe½Õ bv‡g GKwU RvwZ evm KiZ| ZvB G Rbc`wU cwiwPZ nq Ôe½Õ bv‡g| → cÖvPxb wkjvwjwc‡Z e‡½i `yÕwU A‡ji bvg cvIqv hvq| GKwU weµgcyi Ges Ab¨wU bve¨| eZ©gv‡b bve¨ e‡j †Kvb RvqMvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| aviYv Kiv nq dwi`cyi, ev‡KiMÄ I cUzqvLvjxi wbuPz Rjvf~wg G bve¨ A‡ji AšÍf©y³ wQj| → e‡½i AvqZb msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o cvj I †mbeskxq ivRv‡`i Avg‡j| → e½ Rbc` †_‡K evOvwj RvwZi DrcwË| M½v I fvMxi_x gvSLv‡bi AÂj‡K ejv n‡Zv- e½ ☼ cÖvPxb nwi‡Kj Rbc` mvZ kZ‡Ki †jL‡Kiv nwi‡Kj bv‡gi Rbc‡`i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| G Rbc‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj evsjvi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ| g‡b Kiv nq AvaywbK wm‡jU †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ G Rbc` we¯Í…Z wQj| ivRavbx : kÖxnÆ| ☼ cÖvPxb mgZU Rbc` → mxgvbv c~e© I `wÿY-c~e© evsjvq e‡½i cÖwZ‡ekx Rbc` wn‡m‡e mgZ‡Ui Ae¯’vb| ‡KD †KD g‡b K‡ib mgZU eZ©gvb Kzwgjøvi cÖvPxb bvg| M½v-fvMxi_xi c~e© Zxi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †gNbvi †gvnbv ch©šÍ mgy`ªKzjeZx© AÂj‡K ejv n‡Zv mgZU| → Kzwgjøv kni †_‡K eo KvgZvi (mgZ‡Ui ivRavbx) `~iZ¡ KZ 12 gvBj| Kzwgjøvi gqbvgwZ‡Z kvjeb wenvi Aew¯’Z| Ôeo KvgZvÕ 7g kZ‡K mgZ‡Ui ivRavbx wQj| → wnD‡qb mvO-Gi weeiY Abymv‡i Kvgiƒ‡c mgZU bv‡g Rbc` wQj| ☼ cÖvPxb e‡i›`ª Rbc` 12. ivRkvnxi DËivsk, e¸ovi cwðgvsk, iscyi I w`bvRcy‡ii wKQz Ask wb‡q MwVZ (19Zg wewmGm) K. cjj MwVZ mgf~wg L. e‡i›`ªf~wg M. DËie½ N. gnv¯’vbMo DËi : L e¨vL¨v : e‡i›`ª DËie‡½i GKwU cÖvPxb Rbc`| cy‡Ðªi GKwU Ask Ry‡o e‡i›`ªi Ae¯’vb wQj| e¸ov, w`bvRcyi I ivRkvnx †Rjvi A‡bK AÂj Ges m¤¢eZ cvebv †Rjv Ry‡o e‡i›`ª AÂj we¯Í…Z wQj| G Rbc`wU M½v I Ki‡Zvqvi ga¨eZ©x A‡j M‡o I‡V| Rbc`wUi Ab¨ Av‡iKwU bvg ev‡i›`ªx Rbc`| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g hv`yNi ÔÔe‡i›`ª hv`yNiÕÕ ivRkvnx‡Z cÖwZwôZ nq 1910 mv‡j| ☼ cÖvPxb Zv¤ªwjß Rbc` → nwi‡K‡ji `wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z wQj Zv¤ªwjß Rbc`| → mßg kZK †_‡K GwU `Ðfzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡Z _v‡K| ☼ cÖvPxb P›`ªØxc Rbc` 13. cÖvPxb ÔP›`ªØxcÕ Gi eZ©gvb bvg – (11Zg I 30Zg wewmGm) K. gvjØxc L. m›Øxc M. ewikvj N. nvwZqv DËi : M e¨vL¨v : P›`ªØxc evsjvi Rbc`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ÿz`ª Rbc` P›`ªØxc| ewikvj †Rjvi c~e© bvg P›`ªØxc| eZ©gvb ewikvj †RjvB wQj P›`ªØx‡ci g~j f~-LÐ I cÖvY‡K›`ª| P›`ªØxc AwaKvi K‡ib •Î‡jvK¨P›`ª| G cÖvPxb Rbc`wU ev‡jk^i I †gNbvi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wQj| evsjvi ga¨hyM gymjgvb‡`i kvmbvg‡j evsjv BLwZqvi DwÏb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwR 14. ফাংরা৞ ভু঳তরভ ঱া঳ন (আতধ঩তয তফস্তানযয) ঳ূঘনা ওনযন – (24Zg evwZj wewmGm) K. Avjx g`©vb LjRx L. ZzNwij Lvb M. mvgQzwÏb wd‡ivR DËi : N N. BLwZqvi DwÏb †gvnv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjwR 15. ইঔতত৞ায উতেন মভা঴াম্যদ ফঔতত৞ায ঔরচী ফাংরা চ৞ ওনযন মওান ঳ানর? (30Zg wewmGm) K. 1212 L. 1200 M. 1204 N. 1211 DËi : M e¨vL¨v : †Zi kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z (1204 mv‡j) ZzwK© exi BLwZqvi DwÏb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwR evsjvi DËi I DËi cwðgvs‡k †mb kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q (b`xqv weRq) gymjgvb kvm‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb RvwZ‡Z ZzwK©, es‡k LjwR Ges e„wˇZ fvM¨v‡š^lx •mwbK| → eLwZqvi LjwR 1195 wLªóv‡ã RxweKvi A‡š^l‡Y MRwb‡Z Av‡mb| †mLv‡b wZwb wknveDwÏb †Nvwii •mb¨ wefv‡M PvKwicÖv_x© n‡q e¨_© nb| Lv‡Uv, j¤^v nvZ I KzrwmZ †Pnvivi Rb¨ eLwZqvi LjwR †mbva¨‡ÿi `„wó AvKl©‡Y e¨_© nb|
  • 16. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 16 → wenvi bv‡gi DrcwË : eLwZqvi LjwR evsjv Avµg‡Yi c~‡e© GKevi `wÿY wenv‡i GK cªvPxi‡Niv `y‡M©i g‡Zv ¯’v‡b AvµgY K‡ib| cÖwZcÿ †Kvb evavB w`j bv| `yM© R‡qi ci wZwb †`L‡jb †h, `y‡M©i Awaevmxiv mK‡jB gwÐZ g¯ÍK Ges `yM©wU eBc‡Î fiv| wRÁvmv K‡i wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h, wZwb GK †e․× wenvi Rq K‡i‡Qb| GwU wQj I`›` wenvi ev I`šÍcyix wenvi| G mgq †_‡KB gymjgv‡biv G ¯’v‡bi bvg w`j wenvi| AvR ch©šÍ Zv wenvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| → wZwb GZ wÿcÖMwZ‡Z c_ AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb †h, gvÎ 17/18 Rb •mwbK Zvu‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Avi g~j evwnbx cðv‡ZB wQj| → jÿY †mb wcQ‡bi `iRv w`‡q cvwj‡q mcwiev‡i Lvwj cv‡q †Mvc‡b †b․Kv‡hv‡M c~e©e‡½i gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| mgqUv wQj ga¨vý‡fv‡Ri mgq Avi jÿY †mb wQ‡jb e„×| BLwZqvi DwÏb eLwZqvi LjwR QÙ‡e‡k †c․uQvb Ges Ak^ we‡µZv g‡b K‡i Zv‡K iv‡R¨ cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| → eLwZqvi LjwR ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib jÿYveZx (‡M․o)| jÿYveZxB gymjgvb Avg‡j jL‡b․wZ bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| → ‡M․o ev jL‡b․wZ weR‡qi `yB eQi ci eLwZqvi LjwR wZeŸZ Awfhv‡b (me©‡kl Awfhvb) †ei nb| G wZeŸZ AwfhvbB wQj Zvui Rxe‡bi †kl mgi Awfhvb| wKš‘ Zvui G Awfhvb e¨_© n‡j wZwb †`e‡Kv‡U wd‡i Av‡mb| ‡mLv‡b Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j 1206 wLªóv‡ã wZwb g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb| Abygvb Kiv nq Avwj g`©vb bv‡g GKRb Avwgi Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj| → evsjvq gymjgvb kvm‡bi BwZnv‡m BLwZqvi DwÏb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjwRi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY Zvui cÖ‡Póvi d‡jB G‡`‡k cÖ_g gymjgvb‡`i kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq| G kvmb cÖvq mv‡o cvuPk eQi (1204-1765 wLªóvã) ¯’vqx n‡qwQj| evsjvq ZzwK© kvm‡bi BwZnvm → G kvmbvg‡j ch©vq wQj 1204 †_‡K 1338 wLªóvã ch©šÍ| kvmK‡`i mK‡jB w`wjøi myjZvb‡`i Aax‡b evsjvi kvmbKZ©v n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| gymwjg kvm‡bi G hyM wQj we‡`ªvn-wek„•Ljvq c~Y©| ZvB HwZnvwmK wRqvDwÏb evivbx evsjv‡`‡ki bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb ÔeyjMvKcyiÕ| Gi A_© Ôwe‡`ªv‡ni bMixÕ| → eLwZqvi DwÏb LjwR g„Zz¨i ci Zvui mn‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨ ïiæ n‡q hvq ÿgZvi Ø›Ø| Zvui mn‡hv×v wZbRb LjwR gvwj‡Ki bvg Rvbv hvq| Zvuiv n‡”Qb- gyn¤§` wkivb LjwR, Avwj g`©vb LjwR Ges ûmvgDwÏb BIR LjwR| → 1212-1227 ch©šÍ 15 eQi evsjvi myjZvb wQ‡jb- BIR LjwR| wZwb wØZxqevi ÿgZvq Av‡mb| Gi c~‡e© 1208 wLªóv‡ã †`e‡Kv‡Ui kvmbKZ©vi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib ûmvgDwÏb BIR LjwR| ☼ myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR → LjwR gvwjK‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb- myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR| eLwZqvi LjwR KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ evsjvi gymjgvb ivR¨‡K kw³kvjx I m~`„p Ki‡Z wZwb m‡Pó n‡qwQ‡jb| → evsjvq gymjgvb kvmK‡`i g‡a¨ †b․evwnbxi †MvovcËb K‡ib- myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR| GQvovI ivRavbxi wbivcËvi Rb¨ wZwb wZb cv‡k Mfxi I cÖk¯Í cwiLv wbg©vY K‡ib| → AveŸvmxq Lwjdv Avj-bvwm‡ii wbKU †_‡K ¯^xK…wZcÎ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb- wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR| → wMqvmDwÏb BIR LjwR civwRZ nb jL‡b․wZ hy‡×| w`wjøi myjZvb BjZyrwg‡ki cyÎ bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ hy‡× civwRZ nb| BIR LjwRi civRq I cZ‡bi ci e½‡`k cy‡ivcywi w`wjøi myjZv‡bi AwaKv‡i Av‡m| Gici bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` e½‡`‡ki kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nb| → BIR LjwRi c„ô‡cvlKZvq †M․‡oi Rygv gmwR` cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| BIR LjwRi g„Zz¨i ci †_‡K 1287 wLªóvã ch©šÍ lvU eQi evsjv w`wjøi gymjgvb kvmK‡`i GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiMwYZ nq| G mgq c‡b‡iv Rb kvmbKZ©v evsjv kvmb K‡ib| Zvu‡`i `kRb wQ‡jb `vm| `vm‡`i ÔgvgjyKÕ ejv n‡Zv| G Kvi‡Y lvU eQ‡ii evsjvi kvmb‡K A‡b‡K `vm kvmb ev gvgjyK kvmb e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| → gvgjyK kvmbvg‡ji c‡b‡iv Rb kvm‡Ki mK‡jB wQ‡jb- ZzwK©| → gvgjyK ZzwK©‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb- ZzNwij| wZwb ‡mvbviMvuI-Gi wbKU bvi‡Kjøv bv‡g GK `yM© wbg©vY K‡ib| mvaviY gvby‡li wbKU GwU ZzNwi‡ji †Kjøv bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| → ÔgywNmDwÏbÕ Dcvwa wb‡q evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib- ZzNwij| d‡j w`wjøi myjZvb ejeb G we‡`ªv‡ni kvw¯Í w`‡Z evsjv AvµgY K‡ib| 1281 wLªóv‡ã eje‡bi nv‡Z civwRZ I wbnZ nb ZzNwij| evsjvq ¯^vaxb myjZvwb kvm‡bi BwZnvm w`wjøi myjZvbMY 1338-1538 wLªóvã ch©šÍ `yBk eQi evsjv‡K Zvu‡`i AwaKv‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| cÖ_gw`‡K w`wjøi myjZv‡bi †mbvevwnbx AvµgY Pvwj‡q‡Q| ‡Póv K‡i‡Q evsjv‡K wb‡Ri AwaKv‡i Avbvi Rb¨| Ae‡k‡l mdj n‡Z bv †c‡i nvj †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| ZvB, G mg‡q evsjvi myjZvbMY ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ges wbwð‡šÍ G‡`k kvmb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| dLiæwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZvi m~Pbv n‡jI
  • 17. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 17 Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki myjZvb‡`i nv‡Z evsjv cÖ_g w¯’wZkxjZv jvf K‡i| ☼ dLiwæÏb gyeviK kvn (1338-1349) 16. myjZvwb Avg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx bvg wK? (29Zg wewmGm) K. †mvbviMvuI L. Rvnv½xibMi M. XvKv N. †M․o DËi : N e¨vL¨v : evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb gymwjg mvjZvbv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv dLiæÏxb gyeviK kvn (1338-1349)| Zvui ivRavbx wQj HwZnvwmK †mvbviMvuI| 1352 wLªóv‡ã Bwjqvm kvn dKiæÏxb gyeviK kvn‡K civwRZ K‡i †mvbviMvuI `Lj Ki‡Z mÿg nb| d‡j cy‡iv evsjv Zvui KZ…©Z¡vaxb P‡j Av‡m| wZwb cvÐzqvq ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib| Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki cÖ_g ch©vq mgvß nq ivRv M‡Y‡ki DÌv‡b| cybivq gymwjg weR‡qi gva¨‡g ivRv M‡Y‡ki cyÎ h`y Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| Zvui bZzb bvg nq RvjvjyÏxb gynv¤§`| wZwb `y ch©v‡q 1415-1416 Ges 1418-1433 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv kvmb K‡ib| wZwb 1418 mv‡j ivRavbx cvÐzqv †_‡K †M․‡o ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| Gici myjZvwb kvm‡bi †kl ch©šÍ (1538 mvj ch©šÍ) evsjvi ivRavbx _v‡K †M․‡o| ZvB ejv hvq, myjZvwb Avg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx wQj †M․‡o| 17. Be‡b eZzZv Kvi kvmbvg‡j ‡mvbviMvuI Av‡mb? (25Zg Zg wewmGm) K. kvgmywÏb wd‡ivR kvn L. nvRx Bwjqvm kvn M. ûmvBb kvn N. dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn e¨vL¨v : mwVK DËi (N)| gi‡°vi ch©UK Be‡b eZzZv 1333 wLªóv‡ãi 12B †m‡Þ¤^i gynv¤§` web ZzNj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡ib| myjZv‡bi mv‡_ cwiPq NU‡j wZwb GB cwieªvRK‡K KvwRi c‡` wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb dLiæwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j (1345-46 wLªóv‡ã) evsjvq Av‡mb| evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi Zvui g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj wm‡j‡U wM‡q nhiZ kvnRvjv‡ji m‡½ mvÿvr Kiv| wZwb `wÿY fviZ †_‡K mgy`ªc‡_ PÆMÖvg Av‡mb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb wm‡jU hvb| wm‡jU †_‡K wZwb b`x c‡_ †mvbviMvuI Av‡mb| wZwb cÖ_g we‡`wk wn‡m‡e Ôev½vjvÕ kã e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb evsjvi bvgKiY K‡ib Ô‡`vhLcyi Avh wbqvgZÕ ev ÔAvkxe©v`cyó biKÕ ev abc~Y© biK| Zvui ÔwKZveyj †invjvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ evsjvi Aciƒc eY©bv cvIqv hvq| → †mvbviMvu‡qi kvmbKZ©v evnivg Lv‡bi g„Zz¨ nq 1338 wLªóv‡ã| evnivg Lv‡bi g„Zz¨i ci Zvui eg©iÿK ÔdLivÕ bv‡gi GK Kg©Pvix ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib Ges ÔdLiæwÏb gyeviK kvnÕ bvg w`‡q †mvbviMvuI kvmb K‡ib| Gfv‡eB m~Pbv nq evsjvi ¯^vaxb myjZvwb hy‡Mi| → dLiæwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j w`wjøi kvmK wQ‡jb- gyn¤§`-web-ZzNjK| [gynv¤§` web ZzNjK w`wjø †_‡K †`ewMwi‡Z ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| wZwb †mvbv I iæcvi gy`ªvi cwie‡Z© cÖZxK Zv¤ªgy`ªv cÖPjb K‡ib|] w`wjøi kvmbKZ©vMY †mvbviMvu‡qi dLiæwχbi ¯^vaxbZv‡K mybR‡i †`‡Lbwb| ZvB, w`wjøi cÖwZwbwa jL‡b․wZi kvmbKZ©v K`i Lvb I mvZMvu‡qi kvmbKZ©v B¾DwÏb wgwjZfv‡e †mvbviMvu AvµgY K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvuiv mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb| K`i Lvb dLiæwχbi •mb¨‡`i nv‡Z civwRZ I wbnZ nb| → dLiæwχbi gy`ªvq †Lvw`Z ZvwiL †`‡L aviYv Kiv hvq, wZwb 1338-1349 wLªóvã ch©šÍ †mvbviMvu‡qi ivRZ¡ K‡ib| GKRb ¯^vaxb myjZvb wn‡m‡e wZwb wbR bv‡g gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb| → dLiæwÏb me©cÖ_g Rq K‡ib- PÆMÖvg| wZwb Pvu`cyi †_‡K PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ GKwU iv¯Ív •Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Bwjqvm kvnx esk (1342-1412 wLª÷vã) Bwjqvm kvn → wmKv›`vi kvn → wMqvmDwÏb ÔAvRg kvnÕ ‡mvbviMvu‡q dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn hLb ¯^vaxb myjZvb ZLb jL‡b․wZi wmsnvmb `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb ‡mLvbKvi †mbvcwZ Avwj gyeviK| wmsnvm‡b e‡m wZwb ÔAvjvDwÏb Avwj kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| jL‡b․wZ‡Z wZwbI ¯^vaxb ivR¨ M‡o †Zv‡jb| c‡i ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib cvÐzqvq (wd‡ivRvev`)| Avwj kvn ÿgZvq wQ‡jb 1342 wLªóvã ch©šÍ| Zvui `yafvB wQ‡jb nvwR Bwjqvm| wZwb Avwj kvn‡K civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i ÔkvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvnÕ bvg wb‡q evsjvq GKwU ivResk cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB ivRes‡ki bvg Bwjqvm kvwn esk| ☼ kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn (1342-1358 wLª÷vã) 18. ‡Kvb kvm‡Ki mgq †_‡K mgMÖ evsjv fvlvfvlx AÂj cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V Ôev½vjvnÕ bv‡g? (12Zg wewmGm) K. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn L. kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn M. AvKei N. Ckv Lvb DËi: L e¨vL¨v : Bwjqvm kvn wd‡ivRvev‡`i wmsnvmb AwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g DËi I DËi-cwðg evsjvi AwacwZ nb- 1342 wLªóv‡ã| 1338 mv‡j dLiæwÏb gyeviK kvn evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv m~Pbv Ki‡jI cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv cÖwZôv K‡ib- Bwjqvm kvn 1352 wLªóv‡ã| w`wjøi kvmK wd‡ivR kvn kvmK Bwjqvm kv‡ni mv‡_ mwÜ K‡i evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv †g‡b †bb| evsjvi mKj A‡ji Awaevmx evOvwj e‡j cwiwPZ nq- Bwjqvm kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j| Bwjqvm kvn Ôkvn-B evOvjvÕ I Ôkvn-B- evOvwjqvbÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| hy‡M hy‡M evsjvi wewfbœ bvg : e½ ঳ম্মা আওফনযয ঳বাওতফ আফুর পচনরয ফই ‘আইন- ই- আওফযীনত’ প্রাঘীন নাভ ফঙ্গ ঳ম্পনওয চানা মা৞। ev½vjvn ১৩৫২ ঳ানর সুরতান ইতর৞া঳ ঱া঴ ফনঙ্গয নাভওযণ ওনযন ‘ফাঙ্গারা঴’। RvbœvZvev` ১৫৩৮ ঳ানর ভুখর ঳ম্মা র৆ভা৞ুন ফাঙ্গারায নাভ মদন ‘চান্নাতাফাদ’। my‡e evsjv ১৫৭৬ ঳ানর ভুখর ঳ম্মা আওফয চান্নাতাফানদয নাভওযণ ওনযন ‘সুনফ ফাংরা’। সুনফ ঱নব্দয অথয প্রনদ঱। অথযাৎ ঳ম্মা আওফয ফাংরানও প্রথভ প্রনদ঱তবতত্তও বাক ওনযন।
  • 18. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 18 ‡e½j †cÖwm‡WwÝ রিয িারন঴ৌ঳ী ১৮৫৪ ঳ানর সুনফ ফাংরায নাভওযণ ওনযন ‘‡e½j †cÖwm‡WwÝ’। c~e© e½ রিয ওাচযননয আভনর ১৯০৫ ঳ানর ফঙ্গবঙ্গ ঴নর ফনঙ্গয নাভ ঴৞ ‘঩ূফয ফঙ্গ’। c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ১৯৫৬ ঳ানর ঳াংতফধাতনওবানফ ঩ূফয ফনঙ্গয নাভ ‘঩ূফয ঩াতওস্তান’ ঴৞। MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k ১৯৭২ ঳ানরয ১৬ তিন঳ম্বয ফাংরানদন঱য ঳ংতফধান ওামযওয ঴঑৞ায ভাধযনভ ঩ূফয ঩াতওস্তাননয নাভ ঴৞ ‘কণপ্রচাতন্ত্রী ফাংরানদ঱’। ☼ wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn (1393-1411 wLª÷vã) 19. ইযাননয ওতফ ঴াতপনচয ঳ানথ ঩োরা঩ ঴ন৞তঙর ফাংরায মওান সুরতাননয? (24Zg evwZj wewmGm) K. wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn L. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn M. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn N. mvZ M¤^yR gmwR` DËi : K o e¨vL¨v : wmKv›`vi kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn (1393-1411 wLªóvã)| wZwb ÔAvRg kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ‡R․bcy‡ii ivRv Lvb Rvnv‡bi mv‡_ †K eÜzZ¡ ¯’vcb K‡ib| wiqvR- Dm-mvjvwZb MÖ‡š’ wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni b¨vqwePv‡ii K_v D‡j&øL i‡q‡Q| cÖL¨vZ Kwe nvwd‡Ri mv‡_ Zvui cÎvjvc n‡Zv| wZwb wQ‡jb Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki me‡P‡q RbwcÖq myjZvb| ivRavbx wQj †mvbviMvuI| wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖ_g evOvwj gymjgvb Kwe kvn& gyn¤§` mMxi ÔBDmyd-Ry‡jLvÕ Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib| AvRg kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡jB weL¨vZ mywd mvaK b~i KzZze-Dj-Avjg cvÐzqvq Av¯Ívbv M‡o †Zv‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki †kl myjZvb| Zvui g„Zz¨i ci †_‡KB G es‡ki cZb kyiæ nq| ivRv M‡Yk I nvewm kvmb wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui cyÎ mvBdzwÏb nvgRv kvn wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| wZwb GK eQi kvmb Kivi ci 1412 wLªóv‡ã Zvui µxZ`vm wknve Dwχbi nv‡Z wbnZ nb| wknve DwÏb myjZvb n‡q wb‡Ri bvg †`b Ôwknve DwÏb evqvwR` kvnÕ| wKš‘ `yB eQ‡ii gv_vq 1414-15 wLªóv‡ã wZwbI lohš¿Kvix‡`i nv‡Z wbnZ nb| G my‡hv‡M wn›`y AwfRvZ ivRv M‡Yk evsjvi ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib| → ivRv M‡Yk wQ‡jb- AvRg kv‡ni GKRb D”Pc`¯’ AgvZ¨| → ivRv M‡Yk KZ©„K gymjgvb‡`i Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvi‡Y `i‡ek †bZv b~i KzZze-Dj-Avjg ‡R․bcy‡ii myjZvg Beªvwng kvwK© wbKU mvnv‡h¨i Av‡e`b K‡ib| o M‡Yk `yBevi wmsnvm‡b e‡mwQ‡jb| cÖ_gevi K‡qK gvm gvÎ ÿgZvq wQ‡jb| o ivRv M‡Yk I Zvui eskaiiv ivRZ¡ K‡i cÖvq 30 eQi| ‡R․bcy‡ii myjZvg Beªvwng kvwK©i mnvqZvq gymwjgiv Rqx n‡j ivRv M‡Yk‡K Bmjvg ag© Mªn‡Yi cÖ¯Íve †`qv nq| ivRv M‡Yk Zvui cwie‡Z© cy‡Îi bvg cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| M‡YkcyÎ h`y Bmjvg ag© MÖnY Ki‡j Zvui bZzb bvg nq RvjvjyÏxb gynv¤§`| wZwb `y ch©v‡q 1415-1416 Ges 1418-1433 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv kvmb K‡ib| wZwb ivRavbx cvÐzqv †_‡K †M․‡o ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| cieZ©x Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki kvmb ivRv M‡Yk I Zvui eska‡ii wÎk eQ‡ii kvmbvemv‡bi ci ‡M․‡oi wmsnvmb k~b¨ _vKvi †cÖÿvc‡U 1452 mv‡j Bwjqvm kv‡ni GK eskai‡K †M․‡oi wmsnvm‡b emvb AwfRvZe„›`| BwZnv‡m wZwb bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kvn bv‡g cwiwPZ| Bwjqvm kv‡ni eskaiMY Gfv‡e cybivq ¯^vaxb ivRZ¡ ïiæ K‡ib| ZvB G hyM‡K ejv nq ÔcieZx© Bwjqvm kvwn hyMÕ| 20. ev‡Minv‡U Lvb Rvnvb Avjxi cÖwZwôZ gmwR`wU KZ M¤^yR wewkó? (19Zg wewmGm) K. Avwk L. GKvwk M. lvU N. †P․lwÆ DËi : L 21. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo ga¨hyMxq gmwR` †KvbwU? (24Zg wewmGm wcÖwjwgbvwi- evwZj) K. Kzmy¤^v gmwR` L. eo †mvbv gmwR` M. lvU M¤^yR gmwR` N. mvZ M¤^yR gmwR` DËi: M e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki ev‡MinvU †Rjvi `wÿY cwð‡g Aew¯’Z GKwU ga¨hyMxq gmwR`| myjZvb bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni (1435-59) Avg‡j Lvb Avj-AvRg DjyM LvbRvnvb my›`ie‡bi †Kvj †Nu‡l Lwjdvev` ivR¨ M‡o †Zv‡jb| LvbRvnvb •eVK Kivi Rb¨ GKwU `ievi M‡o †Zv‡jb, hv c‡i lvU ¸¤^R gmwR` nq| gmwR`wU‡Z 81wU M¤^yR i‡q‡Q| G‡Z ZzNjwK I †R․bcyix wbg©vY‣kjx my¯úó| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki wZbwU wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi GKwUi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| ev‡MinvU kniwU‡KB wek^ HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi gh©v`v †`qv n‡q‡Q| 1983 wLªóv‡ã UNESCO GB gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i| (Z_¨m~Î parjatan.portal.gov.bd) o 1459 wLªóv‡ã bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni g„Zz¨ei‡Yi ci evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb- iæKbDwÏb eieK kvn| o ‡M․‡oi Ô`vwLj `iIqvRvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ weivU I my›`i †ZviYwU wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb- eieK kvn| 1474 wLªóv‡ã eieK kvn ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| c‡i Zuvi cyÎ mvgmywÏb Avey gyRvddi BDmyd kvn (1474-1481 wLªóvã) evsjvi myjZvb nb| BDmyd kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui cyÎ wmKv›`vi kvn wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| o Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki cwimgvwß N‡U- d‡Zn kvn wbnZ n‡j evsjvi wmsnvm‡b Bwjqvm kvwn es‡ki kvmbKv‡ji cwimgvwß N‡U| evsjvq nvewm‡`i ivR‡Z¡i m~Pbv nq|
  • 19. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 19 nvewm kvmb (1487-1493) → evsjvq nvewm kvmb ¯’vqx n‡qwQj- gvÎ Qq eQi| PviRb nvewm myjZv‡bi wZbRb‡KB nZ¨v Kiv nq| → nvewm †bZv myjZvb kvnRv`v ÔeieK kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q cÖ_g evsjvi ÿgZvq e‡mb| wKš‘ K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨ nvewm †mbvcwZ gvwjK Avw›`‡ji nv‡Z wbnZ nb| → gvwjK Avw›`j ÔmvBdzwÏb wdiæR kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| GKgvÎ Zvui wZb eQ‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡ji (1487-1490 wLªóvã) BwZnvm wKQzUv †M․iegq wQj| → nvewm kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U- kvgmywÏb gyRvddi kv‡ni g„Zz¨i gva¨‡g| ‡nv‡mb kvwn esk (1493-1538) ☼ AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn (1493-1519 wLª÷vã) 02. AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn KLb e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡ib? (40Zg wewmGm) K. 1498 1516 wLª. L. 1498-1517 wLª. M. 1498-1518 wLª. N. 1498-1519 wLª. DËi N e¨vL¨v : beg-`kg †kÖwYi evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek^mf¨Zv eBwUi Z_¨g‡Z, û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvgj wQj 1493-1519 wLª.| Avi û‡mb kvnx Avgj wQj 1493-1538 wLóvã ch©šÍ| û‡mb kv‡ni mgq evsjvi ivR¨mxgv e„w× cvq| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv Rq K‡ib| Dwol¨v I wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i wKQz AskI Zvui KivqË wQj| DËi I `wÿY wenv‡ii wKQz AskI Zvui AwaKv‡i Av‡m| evsjvwcwWqvi Z_¨vbymv‡i, û‡mb kvn Kvgiƒ‡ci †Lb ivResk‡K DrLvZ K‡i Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjviv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib| wZwb Kvgiƒc I KvgZv‡K evsjvi AšÍfy©³ K‡ib 1498 mv‡j| ZvB cÖ‡kœi Ôe„nËi evsjvÕ kvm‡bi hyw³ Ackb ÔNÕ Gi gva¨‡gB †gjv‡bv m¤¢eci| 22. ‡M․‡oi ‡mvbv gmwR` Kvi Avg‡j wbwg©Z nq? (29Zg wewmGm) K. dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn L. †nv‡mb kvn M. kv‡q¯Ív Lvu N. Cmv Lvu DËi : L e¨vL¨v : AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn : nvewm kvmb D‡”Q` K‡i †K evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb •mq` †nv‡mb| myjZvb n‡q wZwb ÔAvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡eB evsjvq Ôû‡mb kvwn eskÕ bv‡g GK bZzb es‡ki kvmbce© ïiæ nq| evsjvi ¯^vaxb myjZvb‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †M․iegq wQj- û‡mb kvwn Avgj (1493-1538 wLªóvã)| wZwb ‡M․‡oi Ô‡QvU †mvbv gmwR`Õ I ¸gwZØvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvui kvmbvgj‡K e‡½i gymjgvb kvm‡bi BwZnv‡m Ô¯^Y©hyMÕ ejv nq| AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib- 1519 mv‡j| wZwb `xN© 26 eQi (1493-1519) ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wZwb GKRb †Mvo mybœx gymjgvb wQ‡jb| ivRavbx wQj GKWvjv| → ‡nv‡mb kvwn hy‡Mi †kÖô myjZvb wQ‡jb- myjZvb AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn| → AvivKvwb‡`i PÆMÖvg ‡_‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib- AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kvn| → AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j •eòe a‡g©i cÖeZ©K kÖx‣PZb¨‡`‡ei Avwef©ve N‡U| mZ¨cx‡ii Avivabv û‡mb kv‡ni kvmbvg‡ji GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv| mZ¨cx‡ii Avivabv wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤úªxwZ cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î GKwU D¾¡j cÖ‡Póv| → û‡mb kv‡ni Avg‡ji D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kwe- iƒc †Mv¯^vgx, mbvZb †Mv¯^vgx, gvjvai emy, weRq ¸ß, wecÖ`vm, civMj Lvb I h‡kvivR Lvb| G mg‡q gvjvai emy ÔkÖxg™¢Me`Õ I ÔcyivYÕ Ges ci‡gk^i ÔgnvfviZÕ evsjv fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib| bvwmiDwÏb Aveyj gyRvddi bymiZ kvn : AvjvDwÏb û‡mb kv‡ni g„Zz¨i ci Zvui †R¨ô cyÎ bymiZ kvn ÔbvwmiDwÏb Aveyj gyRvddi bymiZ kvnÕ Dcvwa wb‡q evsjvi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| → bymiZ kv‡ni kvmbvg‡j fvi‡Z gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv cvq| ev‡Minv‡Ui ÔwgVvcyKziÕ Zvui bv‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| → ‡M․‡oi weL¨vZ ÔK`g imyjÕ fe‡bi cÖ‡Kv‡ô bymiZ kvn GKwU g wbgv©Y K‡ib| Zvui Dci nhiZ gynv¤§‡`i (mv.) c`wPý msewjZ GKwU Kv‡jv KviæKvh© LwPZ gg©i †ew` emv‡bv nq| †M․‡oi weL¨vZ Ôeo †mvbv gmwR`Õ ev Ôev‡iv`yqvwi gmwR`Õ Zvui Avg‡ji KxwZ©| → bymiZ kv‡ni Av‡`‡k Kex›`ª ci‡gk^i gnvfvi‡Zi wKq`sk evsjvq Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui kvmbvg‡jB kÖxKi b›`x gnvfvi‡Zi e½vbyev` K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_g gyNj m¤ªvU evei evsjv Awfhv‡b bymiZ kv‡ni mg‡q •mb¨ cvVvb| bymiZ kvn cÖ_‡g eve‡ii mv‡_ wgÎZv ¯’vcb K‡ib| c‡i hy× ïiæ n‡j mwÜ K‡i evsjvi wmsnvmb‡K wbivc` iv‡Lb| 1531 wLªóv‡ã bymiZ kvn AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ nb| o `yBk eQ‡ii ¯^vaxb myjZvwb Avg‡ji mgvwß nq- 1538 wLªóv‡ã †ki kvn k~i †M․o `Lj Ki‡j| AvdMvb kvmb gyNj m¤ªvU evei I Zvui cyÎ ûgvqyb û‡mb kvwn hy‡Mi †kl w`K †_‡KB †Póv KiwQ‡jb evsjv‡K gyNj AwaKv‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z| wKš‘ AvdMvb‡`i Kvi‡Y gyNj‡`i G D‡Ïk¨ mdj nqwb| ☼ ‡kikvn → †kikvn 1537 wLªóv‡ã `yBevi evsjvi ivRavbx †M․o AvµgY K‡ib| ZLb w`wjøi m¤ªvU ûgvqyb †ki Lv‡bi wcQz avIqv K‡i evsjvi ivRavbx †M․o AvµgY K‡ib|
  • 20. Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ (evsjv‡`k welqvewj) 20 †M․‡oi PgrKvi cÖvmv` I cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h© gy» n‡q ûgvqyb Gi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔRvbœvZvev`Õ| → ‡ki Lv‡bi mv‡_ ûgvqyb civwRZ nb 1539 mv‡j| m¤ªvU ûgvqyb †M․‡oi iƒ‡c gy» n‡q 6 gvm Av‡gv`- dzwZ©‡Z Mv fvwm‡q †`b| G my‡hv‡M wb‡Ri kw³ evov‡Z _v‡Kb †ki Lvb| w`wjø †_‡K Lei Av‡m ûgvqy‡bi mr fvB wn›`vj wmsnvmb `Lj Kivi lohš¿ Ki‡Qb| G Lei †c‡q ûgvqyb w`wjøi w`‡K hvÎv Ki‡j my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMvb †ki Lvb| wZwb IuZ †c‡Z _v‡Kb e·v‡ii wbKU †P․mv bvgK ¯’v‡b| ûgvqb †c․uQv‡j †ki Lvb Svuwc‡q co‡j AcÖ¯‘Z ûgvqyb civwRZ nb (1539 wLªóv‡ã) → ‡ki kvn evsjv `Lj K‡ib 1540 wLªóv‡ã| †kikvn †Nvovi Wv‡Ki cÖPjb K‡ib| MÖvÛ U¨vsK †ivW wbgv©Zv †kikvn‡K ejv nq mo‡K AvRg| wZwb KeywjqZ I cvÆv cÖ_vi cÖeZ©K| wZwb †mvbviMvuI n‡Z jv‡nvi ch©šÍ iv¯Ív wbg©vY K‡ib| → gyNj m¤ªvU ûgvqyb‡K civwRZ K‡i †ki Lvb Dcvwa †bb †ki kvn| → K‡b․‡Ri hy‡× n‡qwQj ûgvqy‡bi civRq| G hy‡× civR‡qi gva¨‡g †ki kvn w`wjøi wmsnvmb AwaKvi K‡ib| Gfv‡e `xN©w`b ci evsjv Avevi w`wjøi kvm‡b P‡j Av‡m| †ki kvn k~i es‡ki e‡j G mg‡qi evsjvi kvmb wQj k~i AvdMvb es‡ki kvmb| → cvwbc‡_i wØZxq hy× msNwUZ nq 1556 mv‡j| GB hy‡× AvKe‡ii †mbvcwZ ‣eivg Lvb Avw`j kvn mywii cÖavbgš¿x wngy‡K civwRZ K‡ib| G hy‡× wngy wbnZ n‡j AvKei w`wjø AwaKvi K‡ib| cvwbc_ DËi-cwðg fvi‡Zi nwiqvbv iv‡R¨ Aew¯’Z hgybv b`xi ZxieZ©x GKwU kni| cvwbc‡_i cª_g hy× cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq hy× gyNj m¤ªvU evei 1526 mv‡j msNwUZ GB hy‡×i gva¨‡g fvi‡Z gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB hy‡× Beªvwng †jv`x civwRZ I wbnZ nb| evei GB hy‡× fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g Kvgvb e¨envi K‡ib| 1761 mv‡ji GB hy×wU Avng` kvn Ave`vwj I gvivVv‡`i g‡a¨ msNwUZ nq| 18 kZ‡Ki me‡P‡q eo GB hy‡× gvivVviv civwRZ nq| o evsjvq †kl AvdMvb kvm‡Ki bvg `vD` Lvb Kiivwb gyNj kvmb (fviZe‡l©- 1526-1757 wLª. Ges evsjvq 1576-1757 wLªóvã) gyNj m¤ªvU‡`i µg : m¤ªvU Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` evei → m¤ªvU bvwmi DwÏb gyn¤§` ûgvqyb → m¤ªvU Rvjvj DwÏb AvKei → m¤ªvU †mwjg b~i DwÏb gyn¤§` Rvnv½xi → m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Ii‡d Lyiig → m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re → m¤ªvU gyn¤§` kvn → m¤ªvU wØZxq evnv`yi kvn (me©‡kl gyNj m¤ªvU) g‡b ivLyb †K․k‡j : evevi nBj AvRvi R¦i kvwij AvIi½‡R‡ei kvwn evnv`ywi ‡`‡L| A_©vr evei, ûgvqyb, AvKei, Rvnv½xi, kvnRvnvb, AvIi½‡Re, gynv¤§` kvn, evnv`yi kvn| 23. মভাখর ঳ম্মা নদয ভানছ মও প্রথভ আমজীচীফনী তরনঔতঙনরন? (38Zg wewmGm) K. AvKei K. evei M. kvnRvnvb N. ûgvqyb DËi : L e¨vL¨v : evei – gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv m¤ªvU evei| wZwb ZzhyK-B-evei ev eve‡ii Rxebx bv‡g AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z Zvui Rq civR‡qi Mí wjwce× K‡ib| eZ©gvb iæk ZzwK©¯Ív‡bi AšÍM©Z dviMvbvq eve‡ii Rb¥| wZwb wcZvi w`K †_‡K •Zgyi jO Ges gv‡qi w`K †_‡K †Pw½m Lv‡bi eskai wQ‡jb| fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki A‡hva¨vq wZwb 1527 wLªóv‡ã Ôevewi gmwR`Õ wbgv©Y K‡ib| 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i DMÖev`x wn›`y‡Mvôx HwZnvwmK GB gmwR`wU †f‡½ †d‡j| 24. মওান ভুখর ঳ম্মা ফাংরায নাভ মদন চান্নাতাফাদ? (10g wewmGm) K. evei L. ûgvqyb M. AvKei N. Rvnv½xi DËi : L e¨vL¨v : ûgvqyb : †M․‡oi PgrKvi cÖvmv` I cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h© gy» n‡q ûgvqyb Gi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔRvbœvZvev`Õ| m¤ªvU ûgvqyb 1539 wLªóv‡ã †kikv‡ni mv‡_ †P․mv‡ii hy‡× civwRZ nb Ges †Kv‡bvµ‡g cÖvY wb‡q w`wjø †c․uQvb| c‡ii eQi (1540 mvj) †kikv‡ni weiæ‡× Avevi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wKš‘ K‡b․‡Ri wbKU wejMÖv‡gi G hy‡× civR‡qi gva¨‡g †ki kv‡ni wbKU civwRZ nb| weRqx †ki kvn w`wjøi wmsnvmb AwaKvi K‡ib| Gfv‡e `xN©w`b ci evsjv Avevi w`wjøi kvm‡b P‡j Av‡m| †ki kvn k~i es‡ki e‡j G mg‡qi evsjvi kvmb wQj k~i AvdMvb es‡ki kvmb| cvim¨ m¤ªv‡Ui mnvqZvq ûgvqyb 1555 mv‡j cybivq w`wjø `Lj K‡ib| 1556 mv‡j w`wjøi A`~‡i Zvui wbwg©Z `xb cvbvn cvVvMv‡ii wmuwo †_‡K c‡o wM‡q Zvui g„Zz¨ nq| 25. ‡K evsjv mb MYbv ïiæ K‡ib? (10g, 26Zg I 31Zg wewmGm) K. j²Y †mb L. Bwjqvm kvn M. weRq †mb N. AvKei DËi : N e¨vL¨v : gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv m¤ªvU evei 1526 mv‡ji 12B GwcÖj cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy‡× m¤ªvU evei Beªvwng †jv`x‡K civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| Z‡e m¤ªvU AvKei KZ©„K 1576 mv‡j evsjv weR‡qi gva¨‡g evsjvq gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i AvwacZ¨ ¯’vwcZ nq| fvi‡Z Bmjvgx kvmbvg‡j wnRix cwÄKv Abymv‡i mKj KvRKg© n‡Zv| AvKei cÖPwjZ wnRix Pv›`ª el©cwÄKv‡K †m․icwÄKvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| m¤ªvU AvKei Bivb †_‡K AvMZ wewkó weÁvbx I ‡R¨vwZwe©` Igi dZzjøvn wkivRx‡K wnRix Pv›`ª el©cwćZ iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Igi dZzjøvn wkivRxi mycvwi‡k AvKei 992 wnRix (1584