In 2014 Virginia scientist Eric Betzig won a Nobel Prize for his research in microscope technology. Since receiving the award, Betzig has improved the technology so that cell functions, growth and even movements can now be seen in real time while minimizing the damage caused by prior methods. This allows the direct study of living nerve cells forming synapses in the brain, cells undergoing mitosis and internal cell functions like protein translation and mitochondrial movements. Your assignment is to write a Python program that graphically simulates viewing cellular organisms, as they might be observed using Betzig’s technology. These simulated cells will be shown in a graphics window (representing the field of view through Betzig’s microscope) and must be animated, exhibiting behaviors based on the “Project Specifications” below . The simulation will terminate based on user input (a mouse click) and will include two (2) types of cells, Crete and Laelaps , ( pronounced KREET and LEE - laps ). Crete cells should be represented in this simulation as three (3) small green circles with a radius of 8 pixels. These cells move nonlinearly in steps of 1-4 graphics window pixels. This makes their movement appear jerky and random. Crete cells cannot move outside the microscope slide, (the ‘ field ’), so they may bump along the borders or even wander out into the middle of the field at times. These cells have the ability to pass “through” each other. A single red circle with a radius of 16 pixels will represent a Laelaps cell in this simulation. Laelaps cells move across the field straight lines, appearing to ‘bounce’ off the field boundaries. Laelaps sometimes appear to pass through other cells, however this is an optical illusion as they are very thin and tend to slide over or under the other cells in the field of view. Project Specifications: ==================== Graphics Window 500 x 500 pixel window White background 0,0 (x,y) coordinate should be set to the lower left-hand corner Crete Cells Three (3) green filled circles with radius of 8 pixels Move in random increments between -4 and 4 pixels per step Movements are not in straight lines, but appear wander aimlessly Laelaps Cells One (1) red filled circle with a radius of 16 pixels Move more quickly than Crete cells and in straight lines The Laelaps cell should advance in either -10 or 10 pixels per step TODO #1: Initialize the simulation environment ======================================== Import any libraries needed for the simulation Display a welcome message in the Python Shell. Describe the program’s functionality Create the 500 x 500 graphics window named “ Field ” Set the Field window parameters as specified TODO #2: Create the Crete cells – makeCrete() ======================================== Write a function that creates three green circle objects (radius 8) and stores them in a list Each entry of the list represents one Crete cell The.

1. In 2014 Virginia scientist Eric Betzig won a Nobel Prize for his
research in microscope technology. Since receiving the award,
Betzig has improved the technology so that cell functions,
growth and even movements can now be seen in real time while
minimizing the damage caused by prior methods. This allows
the direct study of living nerve cells forming synapses in the
brain, cells undergoing mitosis and internal cell functions like
protein translation and mitochondrial movements.
Your assignment is to write a Python program that
graphically
simulates viewing cellular organisms, as they might be observed
using Betzig’s technology. These simulated cells will be shown
in a graphics window (representing the field of view through
Betzig’s microscope) and must be animated, exhibiting
behaviors based on the
“Project Specifications” below
. The simulation will terminate based on user input (a mouse
click) and will include two (2) types of cells,
Crete
and
Laelaps
, (
pronounced
KREET
and
LEE
-
laps
).
Crete
cells should be represented in this simulation as three (3) small
green circles with a radius of 8 pixels. These cells move
nonlinearly in steps of 1-4 graphics window pixels. This makes

2. their movement appear jerky and random.
Crete
cells cannot move outside the microscope slide, (the ‘
field
’), so they may bump along the borders or even wander out into
the middle of the field at times. These cells have the ability to
pass “through” each other.
A single red circle with a radius of 16 pixels will represent a
Laelaps
cell in this simulation.
Laelaps
cells move across the field straight lines, appearing to ‘bounce’
off the field boundaries.
Laelaps
sometimes appear to pass through other cells, however this is an
optical illusion as they are very thin and tend to slide over or
under the other cells in the field of view.
Project Specifications: ====================
Graphics Window
500 x 500 pixel window
White background
0,0 (x,y) coordinate should be set to the lower left-hand corner
Crete
Cells
Three (3) green filled circles with radius of 8 pixels
Move in random increments between -4 and 4 pixels per step
Movements are not in straight lines, but appear wander
aimlessly
Laelaps
Cells
One (1) red filled circle with a radius of 16 pixels
Move more quickly than Crete cells and in straight lines
The Laelaps cell should advance in either -10 or 10 pixels per
step
TODO #1: Initialize the simulation environment

3. ========================================
Import any libraries needed for the simulation
Display a welcome message in the Python Shell. Describe the
program’s functionality
Create the 500 x 500 graphics window named “
Field
”
Set the
Field
window parameters as specified
TODO #2: Create the
Crete
cells –
makeCrete()
========================================
Write a function that creates three green circle objects (radius
8) and stores them in a list
Each entry of the list represents one
Crete
cell
The starting (x, y) locations of the
Crete
cells will be random values between 50 – 450
The function should
return
the list of
Crete
cells
TODO #3: Create the
Laelaps
cell –
makeLaelaps()
===========================================
Write a function that creates a list containing a single entry; a
red filled circle (radius 16) representing the
Laelaps

4. cell
The starting (x, y) location of these cells should be random
values between 100–400
Add two randomly selected integers to the list. They should be
either -10 or 10
The function should
return
the
Laelaps
cell list
TODO #4: Define the
bounce()
function ==================================
Write a function that accepts two (2) integers as parameters
If the first integer is
either
less than 10 or greater than 490, the function should
return
the
inverse value of the 2
nd
integer, (ie: multiplying it by -1)
Otherwise, the function should
return
the 2
nd
integer unmodified
TODO #5: Define the
main()
function ==================================
Using the
makeCrete()
function, create a list of
Crete
cells

5. Draw the
Crete
cells in the
Field
graphics window
Using the
makeLaelaps()
function, create the
Laelaps
list
Draw the
Laelaps
cell in the
Field
window
Using a while loop, animate the cells in the
Field
window
o
Animate each
Crete
cell by moving it’s (x,y) position by a number of pixels
specified
by a randomly selected integer between -4 and 4
o
Animate the
Laelaps
cell by moving it’s (x,y) position by the number of pixels
specified in the integer values in it’s list (this will always be
either -10 or 10 pixels)
o
HINT
:
Use the

6. bounce
() function to make sure the change in a cell’s position doesn’t
move the cell outside the
Field
boundaries
o
End the while loop if a mouse click is detected in the
Field
graphics window
Close the Field graphics window
Print a message that the simulation has terminated
Extra Credit Challenges: 10 points each
only if
TODO #1 - 5 are complete
===============================================
================
CROSSING GUARD
:
Laelaps
cell ‘bounces’ off the
Crete
cells instead sliding past them
NO PASSING ZONE
:
Crete
cells bounce off each other instead of passing through