This document discusses improving and promoting ethical behavior in business relations. It begins by introducing the objective of the study, which is to investigate the main reasons people indulge in unethical practices and how this affects corporate image and profitability. It then provides context on business ethics and conceptualizes common unethical behaviors such as abusive conduct, conflicts of interest, and dishonesty. The document categorizes causes of unethical behavior and discusses how companies can encourage ethical practices through codes of conduct, training programs, and anonymous reporting systems. Overall, the document analyzes factors that influence unethical behavior and how organizations can establish standards to improve ethics.
Functional areas of Ethics and Miscellaneous Ethical issues in BusinessVAIRAKUMAR R
This document discusses ethics in business. It defines ethics as customary conduct originating from the Greek word "ethos." Business ethics analyzes the moral qualities of commercial activities and provides guidelines for acceptable organizational behavior. The document outlines five functional areas of ethics in business: production, marketing/sales, human resource management, financial/accounting, and research/development. It lists examples of unethical practices in each area and concludes with miscellaneous ethical issues like bribery, insider trading, and unfair transactions.
This document discusses ethics in marketing and sales. It outlines key principles like trust, credibility, consumer rights and duties of marketers. Unethical marketing practices like misleading ads, unsafe claims and offending sensibilities are highlighted. Guidelines are provided around safety, transparency and not deceiving customers for marketers to follow.
This document discusses marketing ethics and the importance of ethical conduct in marketing. It addresses ethical issues that can arise in a company's marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. The nature of marketing ethics is influenced by individual factors, organizational culture and relationships, and work pressures. Companies can improve ethical conduct through codes of conduct, ethics officers, and anonymous reporting systems. Social responsibility and ethics are interrelated and practicing both can improve marketing performance and benefit companies through increased trust, satisfaction and profits.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It begins by defining ethics as determining right and wrong moral behavior. Marketing is defined as exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs at a profit. The document explains that behaving ethically builds trust and positive attitudes among customers. Marketing ethics judges actions as right or wrong. It applies moral principles to products, pricing, distribution, promotion, and advertising. Ethical issues are discussed within the four P's of marketing - product issues include safety and reliability, while pricing issues include price fixing. Distribution ethics involve sales pressures. Advertising ethics involve truthfulness and influencing children.
Business Ethic Chap 8: Ethics and MarketingShandy Aditya
Berdasarkan buku Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J., & Macdonald, C. (2014). Business Ethic Decision Making for Personal Integrity & Social Responsibility. United State of America: McGraw Hill Education.
kali ini kita akan membahas chapter 8: Ethics and Marketing
Video Presentation Link:
https://youtu.be/noKsyEBldF0
This document discusses the importance of business ethics. It states that business ethics help stop harmful business practices, protect consumer rights, and ensure the long term success and survival of businesses by maintaining customer trust and loyalty. Following business ethics also benefits employees, shareholders, suppliers and society by promoting fair treatment and healthy business-community relationships. Overall, the document argues that business ethics are essential in today's consumer-focused market to satisfy customers and comply with their growing expectations and awareness of their rights.
Group 1 presents information on ethics in sales management. It defines key terms like business ethics, sales management ethics, and boundary spanners. It discusses how customers can be vulnerable to salespeople due to ignorance, naivety, or powerlessness. Codes of ethics define acceptable behaviors for companies and occupations. Approaches to ethics include idealism, relativism, and consequentialism. An organization's ethical climate and emphasis on sales can influence employees' ethical decisions and behaviors. Laws aim to protect fair competition and consumers from unfair business practices. The goal of ethics in sales is for salespeople to prioritize ethical treatment of customers over short-term gains.
This document discusses marketing ethics and provides definitions and frameworks. It addresses factors that influence ethical decision making in marketing, including individual, organizational, and opportunity factors. Ethical issues related to the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion are explored. The roles of laws, regulatory authorities, and codes of conduct in governing ethical marketing practices are also summarized. Overall, the document outlines the importance of ethics in marketing and gaining consumer trust.
Functional areas of Ethics and Miscellaneous Ethical issues in BusinessVAIRAKUMAR R
This document discusses ethics in business. It defines ethics as customary conduct originating from the Greek word "ethos." Business ethics analyzes the moral qualities of commercial activities and provides guidelines for acceptable organizational behavior. The document outlines five functional areas of ethics in business: production, marketing/sales, human resource management, financial/accounting, and research/development. It lists examples of unethical practices in each area and concludes with miscellaneous ethical issues like bribery, insider trading, and unfair transactions.
This document discusses ethics in marketing and sales. It outlines key principles like trust, credibility, consumer rights and duties of marketers. Unethical marketing practices like misleading ads, unsafe claims and offending sensibilities are highlighted. Guidelines are provided around safety, transparency and not deceiving customers for marketers to follow.
This document discusses marketing ethics and the importance of ethical conduct in marketing. It addresses ethical issues that can arise in a company's marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. The nature of marketing ethics is influenced by individual factors, organizational culture and relationships, and work pressures. Companies can improve ethical conduct through codes of conduct, ethics officers, and anonymous reporting systems. Social responsibility and ethics are interrelated and practicing both can improve marketing performance and benefit companies through increased trust, satisfaction and profits.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It begins by defining ethics as determining right and wrong moral behavior. Marketing is defined as exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs at a profit. The document explains that behaving ethically builds trust and positive attitudes among customers. Marketing ethics judges actions as right or wrong. It applies moral principles to products, pricing, distribution, promotion, and advertising. Ethical issues are discussed within the four P's of marketing - product issues include safety and reliability, while pricing issues include price fixing. Distribution ethics involve sales pressures. Advertising ethics involve truthfulness and influencing children.
Business Ethic Chap 8: Ethics and MarketingShandy Aditya
Berdasarkan buku Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J., & Macdonald, C. (2014). Business Ethic Decision Making for Personal Integrity & Social Responsibility. United State of America: McGraw Hill Education.
kali ini kita akan membahas chapter 8: Ethics and Marketing
Video Presentation Link:
https://youtu.be/noKsyEBldF0
This document discusses the importance of business ethics. It states that business ethics help stop harmful business practices, protect consumer rights, and ensure the long term success and survival of businesses by maintaining customer trust and loyalty. Following business ethics also benefits employees, shareholders, suppliers and society by promoting fair treatment and healthy business-community relationships. Overall, the document argues that business ethics are essential in today's consumer-focused market to satisfy customers and comply with their growing expectations and awareness of their rights.
Group 1 presents information on ethics in sales management. It defines key terms like business ethics, sales management ethics, and boundary spanners. It discusses how customers can be vulnerable to salespeople due to ignorance, naivety, or powerlessness. Codes of ethics define acceptable behaviors for companies and occupations. Approaches to ethics include idealism, relativism, and consequentialism. An organization's ethical climate and emphasis on sales can influence employees' ethical decisions and behaviors. Laws aim to protect fair competition and consumers from unfair business practices. The goal of ethics in sales is for salespeople to prioritize ethical treatment of customers over short-term gains.
This document discusses marketing ethics and provides definitions and frameworks. It addresses factors that influence ethical decision making in marketing, including individual, organizational, and opportunity factors. Ethical issues related to the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion are explored. The roles of laws, regulatory authorities, and codes of conduct in governing ethical marketing practices are also summarized. Overall, the document outlines the importance of ethics in marketing and gaining consumer trust.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It defines ethics as determining right and wrong moral behavior, and marketing as exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs at a profit. Marketing ethics deals with the moral principles behind marketing practices. Ethics is important in marketing to build trust, create positive customer attitudes, and build a good company image. The document analyzes ethical issues in marketing using the four P's framework: products/packaging, pricing, placement/distribution, and promotion/advertising. It provides examples of unethical practices in each area and discusses the Nestle infant formula boycott case study.
It's an effort towards making financial terms easy for non finance background people , the ppt explains about the ehtical issues in finance and also about various scams . please share your thoughts with me on the same .
This document discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in marketing. It provides examples of common dilemmas such as how far stealth marketing can go, whether companies can sell customer information, when to recall a flawed product, and what is appropriate in comparison marketing. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics in marketing to build trust with customers and stakeholders. Unethical practices like making false claims or inappropriate advertising can damage a company's reputation. Overall, the key message is that marketing decisions should consider both legal and social factors to avoid dilemmas and prioritize honesty over profits alone.
This document discusses business ethics, providing examples of companies that have both followed and violated ethics. It outlines the advantages of ethical behavior, such as increased efficiency and customer loyalty. Examples are given of companies like Johnson & Johnson and Levi Strauss that maintained ethical standards. In contrast, companies like Union Carbide and Acme Hardware are discussed as examples of unethical behavior and its negative consequences, including legal issues and loss of market value.
The document discusses the social, ethical, and legal responsibilities of sales management and personnel. It covers their responsibilities to stakeholders like customers, communities, and employees. Managers must balance economic goals with legal and ethical standards. Ethical dilemmas can arise regarding issues like appropriate sales pressure, employee privacy and rights. Both managers and salespeople must treat customers fairly and avoid unethical practices like bribery, misrepresentation or price discrimination. Companies can promote ethical conduct through codes of ethics, oversight committees and encouraging transparency.
The document discusses management's social responsibilities and ethical guidelines. It outlines that social responsibility means making choices that benefit society as well as the organization. Organizations have responsibilities to various stakeholders and should act legally, ethically, and contribute to the community. Ethical behavior is influenced by an individual's moral development level and organizations should establish clear ethical policies and codes of conduct.
Unethical marketing practices have increased with corporate competition and advances in technology. While firms can promote their products, persuasion should be based on facts rather than deception. Examples of unethical practices against vulnerable groups include false claims, concealing negative information, disparaging competitors, inappropriate advertising, exploitation, and spam. Marketers should instead uphold ethical values like honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, and good citizenship.
Business ethics deals with establishing moral principles and values to guide business decisions and actions. It helps classify behaviors as good or bad, right or wrong, and fair or unfair. Organizations that support ethics initiatives show more productivity and employee retention than those that only focus on legal compliance. When a business operates ethically, it garners respect from within and outside the company. Employees are also more likely to stay at companies that promote ethical conduct. Consumers demonstrate loyalty to companies that exhibit strong corporate responsibility. The purpose of a business ethics code is to outline acceptable and unacceptable behaviors to regulate conduct where profit is the primary motive. Business ethics are important for companies' long-term survival and reputation.
Presentation on importance of business ethics for managersKirti Gupta
The document discusses the importance of ethics in business. It states that business activities should adhere to moral principles and values. Managers play a key role in setting the ethical tone for a company through their own behavior and by encouraging ethical conduct among employees. Studying business ethics helps students make better decisions and improves business reputation. Unethical behaviors that can occur include lying, falsifying records, misusing assets, and theft. To promote ethics, companies should develop codes of conduct, lead by example, foster open communication, provide ethics education to employees, and treat ethics as an ongoing process. Managers must commit the organization to high ethical standards and communicate expectations and consequences.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It covers several unethical practices in marketing like stereotyping, subliminal messaging, exploiting social paradigms, targeting vulnerable audiences, and post-purchase dissonance. It also discusses ethical issues in different aspects of the marketing mix like products, pricing, distribution, and promotions. Specific issues mentioned are consumer safety, deceptive advertising, bid rigging, predatory pricing, and pressuring vendors. Finally, it briefly discusses ethics in finance and mentions insider trading as an ethical violation.
The document discusses several ethical issues that can arise from markets and business practices, including inequality resulting from monopoly power, child labor, unsafe products, and unethical supply chain practices. It provides numerous examples of potential unethical behaviors in areas like marketing, products, employment, and bribery. Finally, it recommends that organizations establish ethical codes and conduct ethical audits to ensure their practices meet ethical standards.
Ethics impact in business, Ethical issues in capitalism and market
systems, Ethics and social responsibility, Ethics and marketing,
Ethics in finance, Ethics in human resource, Ethics in information
technology, Intellectual property rights, Designs, Patents, Trademarks
and copyrights.
The document discusses ethics in sales management and provides guidelines for ethical behavior. It covers (1) the responsibilities of organizations to stakeholders and the community, (2) influences on ethical behavior like personal values and corporate culture, (3) levels of moral development from principled to conventional to pre-conventional, (4) guidelines for ethical decision making, and (5) specific ethical considerations around dealings with salespeople, customers, and ensuring sales stay legal. The overall message is that ethics must be a priority set from the top of an organization and guide all business dealings and decisions.
ETHICS IN MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY SEMESTER 4 CBCSMAHUA MUKHERJEE
business ethics ; whistle blowing ; accounting and ethics ; ethics in HRM ; ethics in management ; marketing and ethics ; AMA code ; CRM ; social responsibility marketing ; calcutta university semester 4 business ethics ;
This document discusses the ethics of accounting, human resources management, marketing and sales, and production and operations. It covers key issues in each area, such as creative accounting and earnings management in accounting; discrimination, privacy, and health and safety in human resources; misleading advertising practices and marketing to children in marketing and sales; and producing defective or dangerous products and pollution in production and operations. Ethics are an important consideration for professionals across all business functions.
Common business ethical issues in massage therapyManny Daleon
This document discusses common business ethical issues in massage therapy. It covers 20 topics including scope of practice, finances, fee structures, bartering, gift certificates, taxes, recordkeeping, marketing, and legal issues. The document is a training presentation that provides information and guidance on each of these topics to help massage therapists navigate various ethical challenges that can arise in business practices.
A conflict of interest arises when what is in a person's best interest is not in the best interest of another person or organization to which that individual owes loyalty.
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines ethics as a set of moral principles that should guide conduct, especially for managers and employees. It notes that ethics is normative, universal but can vary by society, and aims for perfection in human conduct. Business ethics concerns potentially controversial topics like governance, discrimination, and fiduciary duties. Upholding ethics builds customer loyalty, retains good employees, avoids legal issues, and creates a positive work environment. The document also discusses types of ethics like personal, professional, managerial, participatory, transactional, and recognition ethics. It explains how corporate social responsibility is intertwined with business ethics.
The document discusses marketing ethics and corporate social responsibility. It provides examples of ethical marketing practices by companies like ITC, Nirma, Himalaya, Parle and Procter & Gamble. These companies implement social and environmental initiatives. The document also discusses unethical practices of companies like Coca-Cola, Fair & Lovely, Cadbury, Nestle and PepsiCo related to misleading advertising, exploitation, environmental damage and unfair trade. It concludes that while companies have a responsibility to society, some prioritize profits over ethics.
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
This document discusses different approaches to business ethics and morality, including utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, and Buddhist compassion. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Utilitarianism is said to improperly allow sacrificing individuals for the greater good. Kantian deontology makes morality too logical rather than emotional. The author ultimately advocates an approach based on treating all individuals as inherently valuable and acting with compassion, recognizing that all people suffer and act out of needs, not malice.
Accenture is a global management consulting and outsourcing company with over 177,000 employees worldwide. The document discusses Accenture's business ethics and compliance program. It summarizes that Accenture takes business ethics, corporate governance, and transparency seriously. The program is designed to foster high ethical standards, prevent and address misconduct, and comply with legal standards. It also discusses Accenture's Code of Business Ethics and decision-making model to guide employees in ethical situations.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It defines ethics as determining right and wrong moral behavior, and marketing as exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs at a profit. Marketing ethics deals with the moral principles behind marketing practices. Ethics is important in marketing to build trust, create positive customer attitudes, and build a good company image. The document analyzes ethical issues in marketing using the four P's framework: products/packaging, pricing, placement/distribution, and promotion/advertising. It provides examples of unethical practices in each area and discusses the Nestle infant formula boycott case study.
It's an effort towards making financial terms easy for non finance background people , the ppt explains about the ehtical issues in finance and also about various scams . please share your thoughts with me on the same .
This document discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in marketing. It provides examples of common dilemmas such as how far stealth marketing can go, whether companies can sell customer information, when to recall a flawed product, and what is appropriate in comparison marketing. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics in marketing to build trust with customers and stakeholders. Unethical practices like making false claims or inappropriate advertising can damage a company's reputation. Overall, the key message is that marketing decisions should consider both legal and social factors to avoid dilemmas and prioritize honesty over profits alone.
This document discusses business ethics, providing examples of companies that have both followed and violated ethics. It outlines the advantages of ethical behavior, such as increased efficiency and customer loyalty. Examples are given of companies like Johnson & Johnson and Levi Strauss that maintained ethical standards. In contrast, companies like Union Carbide and Acme Hardware are discussed as examples of unethical behavior and its negative consequences, including legal issues and loss of market value.
The document discusses the social, ethical, and legal responsibilities of sales management and personnel. It covers their responsibilities to stakeholders like customers, communities, and employees. Managers must balance economic goals with legal and ethical standards. Ethical dilemmas can arise regarding issues like appropriate sales pressure, employee privacy and rights. Both managers and salespeople must treat customers fairly and avoid unethical practices like bribery, misrepresentation or price discrimination. Companies can promote ethical conduct through codes of ethics, oversight committees and encouraging transparency.
The document discusses management's social responsibilities and ethical guidelines. It outlines that social responsibility means making choices that benefit society as well as the organization. Organizations have responsibilities to various stakeholders and should act legally, ethically, and contribute to the community. Ethical behavior is influenced by an individual's moral development level and organizations should establish clear ethical policies and codes of conduct.
Unethical marketing practices have increased with corporate competition and advances in technology. While firms can promote their products, persuasion should be based on facts rather than deception. Examples of unethical practices against vulnerable groups include false claims, concealing negative information, disparaging competitors, inappropriate advertising, exploitation, and spam. Marketers should instead uphold ethical values like honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, and good citizenship.
Business ethics deals with establishing moral principles and values to guide business decisions and actions. It helps classify behaviors as good or bad, right or wrong, and fair or unfair. Organizations that support ethics initiatives show more productivity and employee retention than those that only focus on legal compliance. When a business operates ethically, it garners respect from within and outside the company. Employees are also more likely to stay at companies that promote ethical conduct. Consumers demonstrate loyalty to companies that exhibit strong corporate responsibility. The purpose of a business ethics code is to outline acceptable and unacceptable behaviors to regulate conduct where profit is the primary motive. Business ethics are important for companies' long-term survival and reputation.
Presentation on importance of business ethics for managersKirti Gupta
The document discusses the importance of ethics in business. It states that business activities should adhere to moral principles and values. Managers play a key role in setting the ethical tone for a company through their own behavior and by encouraging ethical conduct among employees. Studying business ethics helps students make better decisions and improves business reputation. Unethical behaviors that can occur include lying, falsifying records, misusing assets, and theft. To promote ethics, companies should develop codes of conduct, lead by example, foster open communication, provide ethics education to employees, and treat ethics as an ongoing process. Managers must commit the organization to high ethical standards and communicate expectations and consequences.
This document discusses ethics in marketing. It covers several unethical practices in marketing like stereotyping, subliminal messaging, exploiting social paradigms, targeting vulnerable audiences, and post-purchase dissonance. It also discusses ethical issues in different aspects of the marketing mix like products, pricing, distribution, and promotions. Specific issues mentioned are consumer safety, deceptive advertising, bid rigging, predatory pricing, and pressuring vendors. Finally, it briefly discusses ethics in finance and mentions insider trading as an ethical violation.
The document discusses several ethical issues that can arise from markets and business practices, including inequality resulting from monopoly power, child labor, unsafe products, and unethical supply chain practices. It provides numerous examples of potential unethical behaviors in areas like marketing, products, employment, and bribery. Finally, it recommends that organizations establish ethical codes and conduct ethical audits to ensure their practices meet ethical standards.
Ethics impact in business, Ethical issues in capitalism and market
systems, Ethics and social responsibility, Ethics and marketing,
Ethics in finance, Ethics in human resource, Ethics in information
technology, Intellectual property rights, Designs, Patents, Trademarks
and copyrights.
The document discusses ethics in sales management and provides guidelines for ethical behavior. It covers (1) the responsibilities of organizations to stakeholders and the community, (2) influences on ethical behavior like personal values and corporate culture, (3) levels of moral development from principled to conventional to pre-conventional, (4) guidelines for ethical decision making, and (5) specific ethical considerations around dealings with salespeople, customers, and ensuring sales stay legal. The overall message is that ethics must be a priority set from the top of an organization and guide all business dealings and decisions.
ETHICS IN MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY SEMESTER 4 CBCSMAHUA MUKHERJEE
business ethics ; whistle blowing ; accounting and ethics ; ethics in HRM ; ethics in management ; marketing and ethics ; AMA code ; CRM ; social responsibility marketing ; calcutta university semester 4 business ethics ;
This document discusses the ethics of accounting, human resources management, marketing and sales, and production and operations. It covers key issues in each area, such as creative accounting and earnings management in accounting; discrimination, privacy, and health and safety in human resources; misleading advertising practices and marketing to children in marketing and sales; and producing defective or dangerous products and pollution in production and operations. Ethics are an important consideration for professionals across all business functions.
Common business ethical issues in massage therapyManny Daleon
This document discusses common business ethical issues in massage therapy. It covers 20 topics including scope of practice, finances, fee structures, bartering, gift certificates, taxes, recordkeeping, marketing, and legal issues. The document is a training presentation that provides information and guidance on each of these topics to help massage therapists navigate various ethical challenges that can arise in business practices.
A conflict of interest arises when what is in a person's best interest is not in the best interest of another person or organization to which that individual owes loyalty.
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines ethics as a set of moral principles that should guide conduct, especially for managers and employees. It notes that ethics is normative, universal but can vary by society, and aims for perfection in human conduct. Business ethics concerns potentially controversial topics like governance, discrimination, and fiduciary duties. Upholding ethics builds customer loyalty, retains good employees, avoids legal issues, and creates a positive work environment. The document also discusses types of ethics like personal, professional, managerial, participatory, transactional, and recognition ethics. It explains how corporate social responsibility is intertwined with business ethics.
The document discusses marketing ethics and corporate social responsibility. It provides examples of ethical marketing practices by companies like ITC, Nirma, Himalaya, Parle and Procter & Gamble. These companies implement social and environmental initiatives. The document also discusses unethical practices of companies like Coca-Cola, Fair & Lovely, Cadbury, Nestle and PepsiCo related to misleading advertising, exploitation, environmental damage and unfair trade. It concludes that while companies have a responsibility to society, some prioritize profits over ethics.
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
This document discusses different approaches to business ethics and morality, including utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, and Buddhist compassion. It analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Utilitarianism is said to improperly allow sacrificing individuals for the greater good. Kantian deontology makes morality too logical rather than emotional. The author ultimately advocates an approach based on treating all individuals as inherently valuable and acting with compassion, recognizing that all people suffer and act out of needs, not malice.
Accenture is a global management consulting and outsourcing company with over 177,000 employees worldwide. The document discusses Accenture's business ethics and compliance program. It summarizes that Accenture takes business ethics, corporate governance, and transparency seriously. The program is designed to foster high ethical standards, prevent and address misconduct, and comply with legal standards. It also discusses Accenture's Code of Business Ethics and decision-making model to guide employees in ethical situations.
This document analyzes the ethical dilemma faced by Raj, an employee for a small company. Raj must choose a supplier for a commodity order. One supplier offers Raj tickets to a cricket match to influence his decision. Accepting the tickets could compromise Raj's reputation for fairness and cost the company money if a better supplier is passed over. However, it would make Raj's son happy. The document examines this dilemma from Kantian and utilitarian ethical perspectives to determine the right course of action.
The document provides information about Bharat Forge Limited, an Indian manufacturing company. It discusses the company's registered name, mission and vision statement, year of establishment, promoters, current turnover, growth statistics, major product lines, brands, location of operations, number of employees, and future plans. The document contains details about Bharat Forge's open die forging and closed die forging product lines.
The document analyzes the Enron scandal and identifies key learnings. It discusses how Enron executives prioritized short-term financial gains over ethical behavior, harming stakeholders. Their actions revealed lapses in integrity that destroyed the company. Some key lessons from Enron are that companies should provide real value through goods/services, arrogance from executives should raise red flags, and executives paid too much can feel above rules and cut ethical corners to retain wealth. The scandal showed the need for updated regulations to govern new economy companies.
Business ethics and corporate governanceLiza Khanam
Business ethics focuses on applying moral principles to business situations and decisions. While businesses aim to make profits, they also have responsibilities to shareholders, employees, customers, and society. Unethical practices harm stakeholders and include misleading advertising, profiteering, adulterating products, and not fulfilling social responsibilities. Corporate governance is meant to ensure companies are run ethically and treat all stakeholders fairly, not just maximizing shareholder profits at the expense of others. Ethics and values need to come from within an organization's culture and leadership.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the impact of business ethics on Nigerian financial institutions. It provides an overview of ethics and corporate image. It discusses ethical leadership and the characteristics of an ethical leader. It also reviews cross-cultural differences within business environments and how perceptions of ethics can vary between cultures. The document aims to explore unethical practices within the Nigerian financial sector and their effects on these institutions.
1) The document discusses ethics in business decision-making and defines ethics as "the rules and standards applied by individuals when making decisions in their business environment." It argues that conducting business ethically is critical for long-term organizational sustainability.
2) It notes that while regulation is important, it is not sufficient on its own to ensure ethical behavior as businesses can find ways around it. Fostering an ethical culture and providing a decision-making process that considers stakeholders is important.
3) The document identifies three key performance indicators of sustainable and ethical businesses: return on capital employed, leadership trust, and corporate reputation. It argues that performing well on all three will lead to long-term success.
Are CEO's an Unmanaged Risk to the Organisation's they Steer?David Mallard
Are leaders, and the cultures they spawn, an unmanaged risk to the enterprises they steer? Research shows not
only the costs of failure to pay attention to business ethics
costs but the financial benefits of a focus on business ethics. Board reliance on good compliance policies
can only signal intent. The Board’s critical role in building organisational integrity involves four key activities.
Impact of Accounting Ethics on the Practice of Accounting Profession In Nigeria.IOSR Journals
This study is an empirical investigation of the impact of ethical values on the practice of accounting
profession in Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, research questions were raised, hypotheses were
formulated, and a review of related literature was made. The main objective of this study is to examine if
accounting ethics have much impact on the practice of accounting profession in Nigeria, the factors that make
the accountants breach accounting rules and if ethical codes of conduct address all the issues that border on
ethical practices. The study employed a synthesis of descriptive and survey research methods. The major
instrument used for generating the primary data was the questionnaire, which was designed in five-response
option of likert-scale. Two hundred and fifty (250) questionnaires were administered, two hundred and nineteen
(219) questionnaires were completed and returned. The data generated for this study were analysed through
mean scores while the stated hypotheses were statistically tested with z-test. Our findings revealed that there are
other major influence which accountants believe have impact on their professional conducts like policies and
rules of companies where accountants work, religion were found not to have major influence in the professional
conduct of accountants. The legal system and societal value systems also inter-played in the accountants’
professional conduct. It was recommended among others that the accountant in practice needs to pay attention
to good ethical conduct and there is the need to adhere strictly to the ethical code of conduct.
The document discusses business ethics and social responsibility, outlining how organizations can shape ethical behavior through codes of conduct, training, and leadership. It also describes the responsibilities of businesses to various stakeholders like customers, employees, investors, and the general public in areas like product safety, the environment, and equal opportunity. Managing ethics and social responsibility appropriately helps businesses balance profits with societal well-being.
This document discusses ethics in international business. It begins by defining business ethics and outlining some common ethical issues that arise in international business, such as differing employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and the obligations of multinational corporations. The document then examines these issues in more depth and provides examples. It also discusses ethical dilemmas, the roots of unethical behavior such as personal ethics, decision-making processes, organizational culture, performance expectations, leadership, and societal culture. Finally, it outlines processes and models for ethical decision-making.
This document discusses the importance of ethics in business. It notes that business ethics helps establish acceptable standards beyond legal compliance and helps corporations gain trust. Ethics provide moral guidance for daily decisions and actions. Unethical behavior can occur for reasons like a lack of codes of ethics, fear of reprisal, peer pressure, and slipping into worse conduct over time. The document also discusses ethics in relation to different business functions like accounting, human resources, sales and marketing, and production. It outlines the relationship between business ethics and development, noting that ethical companies have better reputations and profits. Responsibilities to stakeholders like employees, customers, and society are also reviewed. The document concludes with sections on ethics relating to environmental protection and consumer protection.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the impact of workplace ethics on employee and organizational productivity in India. It begins by defining ethics, morals, and values. It then discusses the importance of ethical behavior and employment relations for organizational development and productivity.
The paper reviews literature on the topics of ethics and employee commitment. It presents the objectives and conceptual framework of the study, which used a survey method to collect data from 100 employees across sectors in India.
The results found relationships between ethical standards like integrity, work attitude, commitment, teamwork, and discipline with organizational productivity. Commitment had the strongest relationship. However, integrity and discipline were found to have negative impacts. The paper concludes that observing workplace ethics through
The entrepreneurship, in today’s globalized economy, is linked with autonomy, venturing into new business, development of new products, pro-activeness, taking risks, innovation, strategic renewal, self-renewal, and competitive aggressiveness (Zahra and Garvis 1998). In this age of rapid developments in technology and the emerging global markets, the IT company has been able to utilize and develop its resources. The principles of corporate entrepreneurship are followed by prospering through the absorption of the pressures. It is a well known doctrine that the company’s performance is positively impacted by the involvement of corporate entrepreneurship (Wiklund 2009). The implication of this is by practicing entrepreneurship, the organizations would be successful in increasing the results that can be leading to the increase in GDP.
This document presents a framework for developing ethical business through cooperation among owners, managers, and accountants from an Islamic perspective. It discusses how a lack of ethics can hinder business and the roles that owners, managers, and accountants play. Owners evaluate information from managers and accountants to make decisions, managers implement, and accountants provide financial information and alternatives. The framework aims to guide these parties to work together ethically for the benefit of all stakeholders.
This chapter discusses business ethics, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. It defines key terms like business ethics, code of ethics, social responsibility, and sustainability. It explains why ethics is important in business and discusses strategies for ensuring ethical practices like establishing a code of ethics and whistleblowing policies. The chapter also discusses sustainability reporting and ways for businesses to protect the environment, such as pursuing ISO 14000/14001 certification. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the importance of businesses operating ethically and sustainably to protect stakeholders, the environment, and their own reputations.
CM 1010, Professional Communication 1 Course Learning.docxShiraPrater50
CM 1010, Professional Communication 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit IV
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Identify legal and ethical considerations in a global work environment.
2.1 Explain a code of conduct—its intentions and expectations.
2.2 Describe legal and ethical implications within a code of conduct.
7. Develop communication techniques that enhance employment opportunities.
7.1 Explain employee communication requirements for knowledge of harassment, discrimination,
and other infractions.
Reading Assignment
In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below:
Sczesny, S., Formanowicz, M., & Moser, F. (2016). Can gender-fair language reduce gender stereotyping
and discrimination? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-11. Retrieved from
http://go.galegroup.com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&u=oran9510
8&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA442088246&asid=1ec0b283aace2f9b6b9c768871fa6e64
Unit Lesson
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Communication video.
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UNIT IV STUDY GUIDE
Ethics and Legal Considerations
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https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-76252792_1
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CM 1010, Professional Communication 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
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Suggested Reading
In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below:
This article provides a look at how discrimination can occur.
Beck, C. (2016, February 2). Former Yahoo worker alleges anti-male discrimination. Christian Science
Monitor. Retrieved from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=a9h&AN=112704049&site=ehost-live&scope=site
The following webpage goes over several guidelines for creating a code of conduct and provides useful
examples.
HR Council for the Nonprofit Sector. (n.d.). Po ...
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Improving and promoting ethical behavior in business relations
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.13, 2013
225
Improving and Promoting Ethical Behavior In Business Relations
PROF JOHNNY ELUKA1
, BENJAMIN IBE CHUKWU, PhD, FIIA, MIRDI2
1
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA,
ENUGU CAMPUS, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
PHONE: +2347060803201; e-mail: jceluka @hotmail.com
2
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT, FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, ENUGU CAMPUS, NIGERIA
PHONE: +2348035444135; e-mail: benjaminichukwu @ yahoo.com
Abstract
Guided by utilitarian theory of ethics and one objective the study investigated the effect of unethical conduct on
performance of some selected business organization in southern Nigeria. The study adopted survey research
design. Data were collected through secondary source and these were complemented by interview conducted
among some employees and other stake holders of the organization of study. Among others, the findings
revealed that inordinate ambition and greed are the root causes of unethical practices among people in various
organizations. It was concluded that unethical practices apart from affecting organizational profitability equally
affect organizational corporate image, It was recommended that business and practitioners should from time to
time organize seminars and workshops with a view to educating the workers and other stakeholders about the
negative effect of unethical business practices. Government should enact laws aimed at punishing people that
indulge in unethical business practices.
Keywords: Ethics, Utilitarian Theory, Corporate Image, Inordinate Ambition, Profitability
1. Introduction
Dishonesty is an ugly word. It is both retributive and retroactive. Dispensers need to be pitied rather than
censured, because their future is in their hands.
The conduct of business is with respect to Nigerian organizations shrouded in numerous unethical practices.
Several cases evidencing this assertion are found in many organizations like banks, manufacturing companies,
service oriented organizations, etc. Several cases of bank failures experienced in Nigeria in early 2000s were
caused by unethical practices exhibited by employees, management and other stakeholders. Equally, companies
like Nigercem, Niger Steel, AVOP, Oghe cashew industry, Ikenga Hotels, Presidential Hotel Enugu, etc, all
failed because of unethical practices in private sector organizations in Nigeria, unethical practices are
exhibited by the operators. For instance, some dubious traders in Ogbette market Enugu cheat their customers by
using faulty scales in measuring rice, beans and other consumable food items. With respect to banks, there were
cases where some bank employees collaborate with some of the directors to embezzle customers’ money
entrusted in their care.
In government ministries and parastatals, there are cases of misconduct in employee selection, motivation,
training, promotion, and transfer, and even in the administration of other fringe benefits. In fact, case of
unethical practices in both private and public sector organization in Nigeria are too numerous to mention.
Based on these ugly incidents, this study is set to investigate the main reason people indulge in unethical
practices in the conduct of their businesses so as to ascertain the effect on corporate profitability and on the
image of the organization.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The conduct of business in many Nigerian organizations is inundated with a lot of unethical practices. These
unethical practices include cheating, lying, using faulty scales for measurement, deceiving the customers/clients,
etc. On the short run, the effect of this conduct is quick profit which is ephemeral. On the long run, however, the
effect on the organization include bad reputation, loss of customer loyalty, and low profit generation. Besides, it
may trigger off high employee turnover essentially because some of the employees may lose confidence in the
management and decide to leave the organization.
In addition, foreign investors may be unwilling to invest in the country. The net effect of this ugly act is low
economic growth and development. Based on the above scenario, therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the
effect of unethical practices in selected business organizations in Nigeria.
2. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.13, 2013
226
1.3 Objective of the Study
The broad objective of the study is to ascertain the cardinal reason that propel people to exhibit unethical
practices in the conduct of their business so as to determine its effect on corporate image and profitability of
the organization.
2. Conceptual Framework
By definition, ethics is the study of morality. Ethics are beliefs about what is right and wrong, or good and bad.
An individual’s personal values and morals and the social context in which it occurs determine whether a
particular behavior is seen as being ethical or unethical. In other words, ethical behavior is behavior that
conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what is right and good. Anything otherwise is unethical
behavior. Business ethics is a term often used to refer to ethical or unethical behavior by a manager or employee
of an organization (Ebert and Griffin, 2003).
Because ethics are based on both individual beliefs and social concepts, they vary from person to person, from
situation to situation, and from culture to culture. Social standards, for example, tend to be broad enough to
support certain differences in belief. Without violating the general standards of the culture, therefore, individuals
may develop personal codes of ethics that reflect a fairly wide range of attitudes and beliefs. Thus, what
constitutes ethical and unethical behavior is determined partly by the individual and partly by culture.
2.1 Company Practices in Ethics
Organizations try to promote ethical behavior and discourage unethical behavior in various ways. As unethical
and even illegal activities by both managers and employees plague more and more companies, many firms have
taken additional steps to encourage ethical behavior in the workplace. Many, for example, establish codes of
conduct and develop clear ethical positions on how the firm and its employees will conduct their business.
Indeed, the single most effective step that a company can take is to demonstrate top management support. For
instance, when United Technologies, a Connecticut-based industrial conglomerate, published its 21-page code of
ethics it also named a Vice President for business practices,
(www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9906/22/ethics.ent.idg,2011.
In addition to demonstrating an attitude of honesty and openness, firms can also take specific and concrete steps
to formalize their commitment to ethical business practices. Two of the most formal approaches to formalizing
commitment are:
a) Adopting written codes, and
b) Instituting ethics programs.
Adopting Written Programs: Many companies, for example Johnson & Johnson, Texas
Instruments.(www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/ethics),..McDonald’s(www.macspotlight.org/company/publicatjon
s), Starbucks (www.starbucks.com) and Dell Computers (www.dell.com), have adopted written codes of ethics
that formally acknowledge their intent to do business in an ethical manner. The number of such companies has
risen dramatically in the last three decades, and today virtually all major corporations have written codes of
ethics.
Instituting Ethics Programs: Instances abound that show that ethical responses can be learned through
experience but can business ethics be taught, either in the workplace or in school? Not surprisingly, business
schools have become important players in the debate about ethics education. Most analysts agree that even
though business schools must address the issue of ethics in the workplace, companies must take the chief
responsibility for educating employees. In fact, more and more firms are doing so.
As a matter of fact, both ExxonMobil (www.exxonmobil.com/overview/) and Boeing
(www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aobutus/ethics) have major ethics programs. Managers must be made to go
through periodic ethics training to remind them of the importance of ethical decision-making and to update them
on the most current laws and regulations that might be particularly relevant to their firms. Others, like Texas
Instruments, have ethical “hot lines” — numbers that an employee can call, either to discuss the ethics of a
particular problem or situation, or to report unethical behavior or activities by others. Of course, no code,
guideline, or training program can truly substitute for the quality of an individual’s personal judgment about
what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior in a particular situation. Such devices may prescribe what
people should do, but they often fail to help people understand and live with the consequences of their choices.
Making ethical choices may lead to very unpleasant outcomes — firing, rejection by colleagues, and the
forfeiture of monetary gain, to name a few. Thus, managers must be prepared to confront their own conscience
and weigh the options available when making difficult ethical decision (Dill, 2002)
3. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.13, 2013
227
2.2 The Importance of Ethical Issues in Business
Our ability to recognize ethical issues is the most important step in understanding business ethics. An ethical
issue is an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person to choose from among several
actions that may be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical. In business, such a choice often involves
weighing monetary profit against what a person considers appropriate conduct. The best way to judge the ethics
of a decision is to look at a situation from a customer’s or competitor’s viewpoint: Should a car manufacturer
make unsubstantiated claims about how many miles per gallons the car can go on the highway/city? Should a
graduate student agree to plagiarize in his dissertation even if it would make his presentation look very
academic? Should a pharmaceutical salesperson omit facts about a drug’s side effects in his presentation to
customers? Such questions require the decision maker to evaluate the ethics of his or her choice.
Many business issues may seem straightforward and easy to resolve on the surface, but are, in reality, very
complex. A person often needs several years of experience in business to understand what is acceptable or
ethical. For example, if you are a salesperson, when does offering a gift — such as a Christmas basket — to a
customer become a bribe, rather than just a sales practice? Clearly, there are no easy answers to such a question.
Ethics is also related to the culture in which a business operates. In the United States, for example, it would be
inappropriate for a business person to bring an elaborate wrapped gift to a prospective client on their first
meeting — the gift could be viewed as a bribe. In Japan, however, it is considered impolite not to bring a gift.
Experience with the culture in which a business operates is critical to understanding which is ethical or unethical
(http://www.ethics.org,2008
2.3 Categorizing Causes of Unethical Behavior
One of the principal causes of unethical behavior in organizations is overly aggressive financial or business
objectives. Many of these issues relate to decisions and concerns that managers have to deal with daily. We will
look at and categorize five of them thus:
a. Abusive and Intimidating Behavior
b. Conflict of Interest
c.Fairness and Honesty
d. Communications, and
e.Business Associations
We shall briefly discuss the categories.
a) Abusive and Intimidating Behavior
This is the second most common ethical problem for employees. These concepts can mean anything from
physical threats, false accusations, being annoying, profanity, insults, yelling, harshness, ignoring someone, to
unreasonableness; and the meaning of these words can differ by person. Abusive behavior can be placed on a
continuum from a minor distraction to a disruption of the workplace, and it is often difficult to assess and
manage because of diversity in culture and lifestyle. For instance, if you are using words that are normal in your
language but others consider profanity, will it amount to insulting, abusing or disrespecting them?
b) Conflict of Interest
This is the most common ethical issue identified by employees, and it exists when a person must choose whether
to advance his or her own personal interest or those of others. For instance, a manager in a corporation is
supposed to ensure that the company is profitable so that its stockholders receive a return on their investment. In
other words, the manager has a responsibility to investors. If he instead makes decisions that give him more
power or money, but do not help the company, then she has a conflict of interest — she is acting to benefit
himself at the expense of his company and is not fulfilling his responsibilities as an employee. To avoid conflict
of interest, employees must be able to separate their personal financial interests from their business deals.
As mentioned earlier, it is considered improper to give or accept bribes — payments, gifts, or special favors
intended to influence the outcome of a decision. A bribe is a conflict of interest because it benefits an individual
at the expense of an organization or society. Companies that do business overseas should be aware that bribes are
a significant ethical issue and are, in fact, illegal in many countries. For example, three former executives of
Korea went to jail in Seoul after being convicted of using bribes to win orders for computer parts.
http://online.wsj.com,2004). While bribery is an increasing issue in many countries, it is more prevalent in some
countries than in others. Although illegal in Nigeria, it is overwhelmingly the normal practice in virtual all
organization, private and public.
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c) Fairness and Honesty
These are at the heart of business ethics, and relate to the general values of decision makers. At a minimum,
business persons are expected to follow all applicable laws and regulations. But beyond obeying the law, they
are expected not to harm customers, employees, clients, or competitors knowingly through deception,
misrepresentation, coercion or discrimination. Honesty and fairness can relate on how the employees use the
resources of the organization. More than two-thirds of employees have taken office supplies from work to use
for matters unrelated to their jobs. Employees should be aware of policies on taking items and recognize how
these decisions relate to ethical behavior.
One aspect of fairness relates to competition. Although numerous laws have been passed to foster competition
and monopolistic practices illegal, companies sometimes gain control over markets by using questionable
practices that harm competition. Bullying can also occur between companies that are intense competitors.
Another aspect of fairness relates to disclosure of potential harm caused by product use. Mitsubishi Motors, a
well-known Japanese automaker, faced criminal charges and negative publicity after executives admitted that the
company had systematically covered up customer complaints about tens of thousands of defective automobiles
over a 20-year period. They allegedly made the cover-up in order to avoid expensive and embarrassing product
recalls, (Kageyama, 2000).
Dishonesty is not found only in business, however. A survey of nearly 25,000 high schools students revealed that
62 percent of the students admitted to cheating on an exam at least once; 35 percent confessed to copying
documents from the Internet, 27 percent admitted to shoplifting, and 23 percent owned up to cheating in order to
win in sports, (Josephson, 2004). lf today’s students are tomorrow’s leaders, there is likely to be a correlation
between acceptable behavior today and tomorrow.
d) Communication
This is another area in which ethical concerns may arise. False and misleading advertising, as well as deceptive
personal-selling tactics, anger consumers and can lead to failure of a business. Truthfulness about product safety
and quality are also important to consumers.
Also, some companies fail to provide enough information for consumers about differences or similarities
between products. For example, driven by high prices for medicines, many consumers are turning to Canadian,
Mexican and overseas Internet sources for drugs to treat a variety of illnesses and conditions. However, research
suggests that a significant percentage of these imported pharmaceuticals may not actually contain the labeled
drug, and the counterfeit
drugs could even be harmful to those who take them, (Harris and Davey, 2004).
e) Business Relationships
The behavior of business persons toward customers, suppliers, and others in their workplace may also generate
ethical concerns. Ethical behavior within a business involves keeping
company secrets, meeting obligations and responsibilities, and avoiding undue pressures that may force others
to act unethically.
Managers, in particular, because of the authority of their position, have the opportunity to influence employees’
actions. For example, a manager might influence employees to use pirated computer software to save costs. The
use of illegal software puts the employee and the company at legal risk, but the employee may feel pressured to
do so by their superior’s authority. The National Business Ethics Survey found that employees who feel pressure
to compromise ethical standards view top and middle managers as the greatest source of such pressure.
2.4 Advancing Ethical Behavior
Codes of ethics, policies on ethics, and ethics training programs advance ethical behavior because the prescribe
which activities are acceptable and which are not, and they limit the opportunity for misconduct by providing
punishments for violations of rules and standards. According to the National Business Ethics Survey (NBES),
employees in organizations that have written standards of conduct, ethics training, ethics offices or hotlines, and
systems for anonymous reporting of misconduct are more likely to report misconduct when they observe it. The
survey also found that such programs are associated with higher employee perceptions that they will be held
accountable for ethical infractions, (http://www.ethics.org, 2008). The enforcement of such codes and policies
through rewards and punishments increases the acceptance of ethical standards by employees.
One of the most important components of an ethics program is a means through which employees can report
observed misconduct anonymously. The NBES found that although employees are increasingly reporting illegal
and unethical activities they observe in the workplace, 54 of surveyed employees indicated they are unwilling to
report misconduct because they fear that no corrective action will be taken, or that their report will not remain
confidential. His lack of anonymous reporting mechanisms may encourage whistle blowing, which occurs when
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an employee exposes an employer’s wrongdoing to outsiders, such as the media or government regulatory
agencies.
2.5 Empirical Review
Research on ethics studies focus on behavior that exceed minimum standards of morality, such as charitable
giving, or whistle-blowing, which occurs when employees expose illegal and/or unethical actions by their
employer. Other studies focus in behaviors that fall below minimum standards of morality, such as lying and
cheating (Trevino, Weaver and Reynolds, 2006). Regardless of the area of focus, unethical acts are of concern to
us, and are so common in organizations. For example, recent surveys suggest that 76 percent of employees have
observed illegal or unethical conduct on the job within the past 12 months (Covey, 2006).
Acceptability of behavior in business is determined by customers, competitors, government regulators, interest
groups, and the public, as well as each individual’s personal moral principles and values. ENRON, one of the
largest ethical disasters in the 21st century, is an example. Two former ENRON Chief Executive Officers, Ken
Lay and Jeff Skilling were found guilty on the counts of conspiring to hide the company’s financial condition.
The fall of the company took many layers of management pushing the envelope and a great deal of complacency
on the part of employees who saw wrongdoing and ignored it. ENRON is not alone. Most unethical activities
within organizations are supported by an organizational culture that encourages employees to bend the rules
(Farrell, 2066).
The most basic ethical concerns have been codified by laws and regulations that encourage businesses to
conform to society’s standard, values and attitudes. For instance, after accounting scandals at a number of
well-known firms in the early 2000s shook public confidence in the integrity of Corporate America, the
reputation of nearly all U.S. companies suffered, regardless of their association with the scandal (Alsop, 2004).
To help restore confidence in corporations and markets, congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which
criminalized securities fraud and stiffened penalties for corporate fraud. It was passed to strengthen the public
perceptions and beliefs that ethical standards and the level of trust in business needed to be raised.
It is worthy to state that ethical issues are not limited to for-profit organizations alone. In government and public
service, several politicians and high-ranking officials have been forced to resign in disgrace over ethical
indiscretions. A good example would be the New York governor, Eliot Spitzer, who had a reputation for fighting
crime. He stumbled into an ethical mess of his own making. The New York governor appeared in a federal
complaint charging others with managing an international prostitution ring. Spitzer was named as a client of the
crime ring, having hired a prostitute in Washington, D.C. for $4,300 (Cohen and Efrati, 2008). Spitzer resigned
as governor of New York, his career destroyed by his misconduct. Even sports can be subject to ethical lapses.
At many universities, for example coaches and athletic administrators have been put on administrative leave
after allegations of improper recruiting practices came to light, (http://sportillustrated.com. 2004). Thus, whether
made in science, politics, sports, or business, most decisions are judged as right or wrong, ethical or unethical.
Negative judgments can affect an organizations’ ability to build relationships with customers and suppliers,
attract investor, and retain employees (Ferrell, Fraedrichs and Ferrels, 2005).
2.6 Theoretical Framework
This study is in anchored on utilitarian ethical theory which is founded on the ability to predict the
consequences of an action to a utilitarian, the choice that yields the greatest benefits to the most people is the
choice that is ethically correct. On benefit of this ethical theory is that the utilitarian can compare similar
predicted solutions and use a point system to determine which choice is more beneficial for more people.
This point system providers a logical and rational argument for each decision and allows a person to use it on a
case-by-case context (Ridley, 1998;Penslar, 1995).
3. Methodology
The research design adopted for this study is survey research design. This is essentially because the population is
large and as such survey design is deemed appropriate for the study. Data were collected mainly from secondary
source and these were complement by the opinions and views of some selected workers of various organizations
of study.
The model of the study is theory-driven model. The data were adjudged valid and reliable because of the
sub-terrain reason that is anchored on the sources. The organizations of study are selected banks and some
selected manufacturing films in Southern Nigeria
4. Findings
The findings of the study revealed that inordinate ambition is the cardinal reason why many people engage in
unethical practices in the conduct of their business.
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In addition to inordinate ambition, greed is another variable that was found to be responsible for unethical
practices among Nigerian business practitioners.
5 Conclusion
The conclusion of the study is rooted on the biblical saying that, ‘…whatever a man sow, he will reap (Gal. 6:7).
This is essentially because it is discovered that all business organizations whose activities and conduct are not
carried out in an ethical manner may make little progress at the beginning but later often crash.
Ethical scandals have become almost commonplace in today’s world. Ranging from business and sports to
politics and the entertainment industry, these scandals have rocked stakeholder confidence and called into
question the moral integrity of our society. Let us quickly add that most women and men today conduct
themselves and their affairs in accordance with high ethical standards. Therefore, as we conclude our discussion
on the several emerging ethical issues in organizations, it is important to remember that one cannot judge
everyone by the misbehavior, transgressions and dishonesty of a few. For every unethical senior manager, of
course, there are many highly ethical ones.
The current trend is to move away from legally-based ethical initiatives in organizations to cultural- or
integrity-based initiatives that make ethics a part of core organizational values. Organizations recognize that
effective business ethics programs are good for business performance. Firms that develop higher levels of trust
function more efficiently and effectively and avoid damaged company reputations and product images.
Organizational ethics initiatives have been supportive of many positive and diverse organizational objectives,
such as
profitability, hiring, employee satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Conversely, lack of
organizational ethics initiatives and the absence of workplace values such as honesty, trust and integrity can have
a negative impact on organizational objectives and employee retention.
5. Recommendations
Based on the findings, the following recommendations are made:-
1. Business owners and practitioners should from time to time conduct seminars and workshops to the
workers and all the stakeholders of their organizations. The seminars and workshops will be designed in
a such a way as to emphasize the negative effect of unethical conduct and practices in organizations.
2. Government should enact law that is centered on punishing any person or group of persons who engage
in unethical practices in the conduct of their businesses.
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