The manufacture of metal-mechanical parts is very important in the industrial field. Due to the increasing demand in the market, the company under study decided to develop the application of this method, to be able to know the production planning of its products. This study is limited to two products with the most demand currently product A and product. A time study with a 95 confidence interval was also performed to determine the average processing time for each product, as well as the limits of each product. The result of the present investigation was to know the planning of the production of the two products with the most demand González Torres Arturo | GarcÃa Araiza Oscar S | RamÃrez Castañeda Armando I | GarcÃa Parada Ricardo Y | GarcÃa González Juan M "Improvement in the process of Production Planning Applying the Simplex Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | 2nd International Congress of Engineering , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5820.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/5820/improvement-in-the-process-of-production-planning-applying-the-simplex-method/gonzález-torres-arturo
Why Operations Research?
Introduction
Origin of operations research
Definition of operations research
Characteristics of operations research
Role of operations research in decision-making
Methods of solving operations research problem
Phases in solving operations research problems
Typical problems in operations research
Scope of operations research
Why to study operations research
Unit I (8 Hrs)
Introduction to Linear Programming – Various definitions, Statements of basic
theorems and properties, Advantages Limitations and Application areas of Linear
Programming, Linear Programming -Graphical method, - graphical solution
methods of Linear Programming problems, The Simplex Method: -the Simplex
Algorithm, Phase II in simplex method, Primal and Dual Simplex Method, Big-M
Method
Unit II (8 Hrs)
Transportation Model and its variants: Definition of the Transportation Model
-Nontraditional Transportation Models-the Transportation Algorithm-the Assignment
Model– The Transshipment Model
Unit III (8 Hrs)
Network Models: Basic differences between CPM and PERT, Arrow Networks,
Time estimates, earliest completion time, Latest allowable occurrences time,
Forward Press Computation, Backward Press Computation, Representation in
tabular form, Critical Path, Probability of meeting the scheduled date of completion,
Various floats for activities, Critical Path updating projects, Operation time cost trade
off Curve project,
Selection of schedule based on :- Cost analysis, Crashing the network
Sequential model & related problems, processing n jobs through – 1 machine & 2
machines
Unit IV (8 Hrs)
Network Models: Scope of Network Applications – Network definitions, Goal
Programming Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm, Shortest Route
Problem, Maximal flow model, Minimum cost capacitated flow problem
Unit V (8 Hrs)
Decision Analysis: Decision - Making under certainty - Decision - Making under
Risk, Decision
under uncertainty.
Unit VI (8 Hrs)
Simulation Modeling: Monte Carlo Simulation, Generation of Random Numbers,
Method for
Gathering Statistical observations
The Solution of Maximal Flow Problems Using the Method Of Fuzzy Linear Progra...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Why Operations Research?
Introduction
Origin of operations research
Definition of operations research
Characteristics of operations research
Role of operations research in decision-making
Methods of solving operations research problem
Phases in solving operations research problems
Typical problems in operations research
Scope of operations research
Why to study operations research
Unit I (8 Hrs)
Introduction to Linear Programming – Various definitions, Statements of basic
theorems and properties, Advantages Limitations and Application areas of Linear
Programming, Linear Programming -Graphical method, - graphical solution
methods of Linear Programming problems, The Simplex Method: -the Simplex
Algorithm, Phase II in simplex method, Primal and Dual Simplex Method, Big-M
Method
Unit II (8 Hrs)
Transportation Model and its variants: Definition of the Transportation Model
-Nontraditional Transportation Models-the Transportation Algorithm-the Assignment
Model– The Transshipment Model
Unit III (8 Hrs)
Network Models: Basic differences between CPM and PERT, Arrow Networks,
Time estimates, earliest completion time, Latest allowable occurrences time,
Forward Press Computation, Backward Press Computation, Representation in
tabular form, Critical Path, Probability of meeting the scheduled date of completion,
Various floats for activities, Critical Path updating projects, Operation time cost trade
off Curve project,
Selection of schedule based on :- Cost analysis, Crashing the network
Sequential model & related problems, processing n jobs through – 1 machine & 2
machines
Unit IV (8 Hrs)
Network Models: Scope of Network Applications – Network definitions, Goal
Programming Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm, Shortest Route
Problem, Maximal flow model, Minimum cost capacitated flow problem
Unit V (8 Hrs)
Decision Analysis: Decision - Making under certainty - Decision - Making under
Risk, Decision
under uncertainty.
Unit VI (8 Hrs)
Simulation Modeling: Monte Carlo Simulation, Generation of Random Numbers,
Method for
Gathering Statistical observations
The Solution of Maximal Flow Problems Using the Method Of Fuzzy Linear Progra...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Product quality improved using triz a case study in increasing innovative opt...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Track 14. 9th International Workshop on Software Engineering for E-learning (ISELEAR’18)
Authors: Alicia García-Holgado and Francisco José García Peñalvo
https://youtu.be/e1etRHqIjCo
Introduction to Operations Research with basic concepts along with Models in Operation Research also addressed.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
This PPT covers Introduction of Operations research, Features, phases,Limitations of OR Travelling salesman problem, Assignment Problems, transportation Problems, Replacement Problems,EOQ,Inventory Control
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Track 14. 9th International Workshop on Software Engineering for E-learning (ISELEAR’18)
Authors: Alicia García-Holgado and Francisco José García Peñalvo
https://youtu.be/e1etRHqIjCo
Introduction to Operations Research with basic concepts along with Models in Operation Research also addressed.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
This PPT covers Introduction of Operations research, Features, phases,Limitations of OR Travelling salesman problem, Assignment Problems, transportation Problems, Replacement Problems,EOQ,Inventory Control
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
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Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
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“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
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This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Improvement in the process of Production Planning Applying the Simplex Method
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
2nd
International Congress of Engineering
Improvement in the
1
González Torres Arturo, 1
García Araiza Oscar S.,
2
García Parada Ricardo y
1
Tecnológico Nacional de México
Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac II
ABSTRACT
The manufacture of metal-mechanical parts is very
important in the industrial field. Due to the increasing
demand in the market, the company under study
decided to develop the application of this method, to
be able to know the production planning of its
products. This study is limited to two products with
the most demand currently: product A and product. A
time study with a 95% confidence interval was also
performed to determine the average processing time
for each product, as well as the limits of each product
The result of the present investigation was to know
the planning of the production of the two products
with the most demand.
Keywords: Simplex method, industrial company,
improvement
INTRODUCTION
The term Operations Research (IO) is first used in
1939 during World War II, specifically when the need
arises to investigate the tactical and strategic
operations of air defense, with the incorporation of a
new radar, in opportunity of the German attacks on
Britain. The accelerated advance of military
technology has led British military executives and
administrators to turn to scientists for support and
guidance in planning their defense. The success of a
small group of scientists who worked together with
the military executive in charge of operations on the
"line" led to a greater demand for their services and
the extension of the use of the methodology to USA,
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Congress of Engineering
he process of production planning
the simplex method
García Araiza Oscar S., 1
Ramírez Castañeda Armando I.,
García Parada Ricardo y, 2
García González Juan M.
Tecnológico Nacional de México
Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac II
2
Tecnológico Nacional de México
Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua II
mechanical parts is very
important in the industrial field. Due to the increasing
demand in the market, the company under study
decided to develop the application of this method, to
be able to know the production planning of its
ts. This study is limited to two products with
the most demand currently: product A and product. A
time study with a 95% confidence interval was also
performed to determine the average processing time
for each product, as well as the limits of each product.
The result of the present investigation was to know
the planning of the production of the two products
Simplex method, industrial company,
The term Operations Research (IO) is first used in
ring World War II, specifically when the need
arises to investigate the tactical and strategic
operations of air defense, with the incorporation of a
new radar, in opportunity of the German attacks on
Britain. The accelerated advance of military
has led British military executives and
administrators to turn to scientists for support and
guidance in planning their defense. The success of a
small group of scientists who worked together with
the military executive in charge of operations on the
e" led to a greater demand for their services and
use of the methodology to USA,
Canada and France between others (Universidad de la
República Oriental del Uruguay, 2016).
Alvarado (2009) points out that in the beginning the
linear programming was known as Programming in a
Linear Structure. According to Anderson Sweeney
and Williams (2004), in 1948 Tjalling Koopmans told
Dantzig that the name was too long and that it was
convenient to change it, before which Dantzig agreed
and the name was replaced by Linear Programming,
which is even used nowadays. Taha (2004) in his
book points out that a major element of operations
research is mathematical modeling. Galicia (2013)
notes that operations research is a branch of
mathematics, focused on the study of mathematical
models, statistics and algorithms, with the aim of
helping the decision-making process. The first journal
published in the operational field was Operational
Research Quarterly, edited by the Operational
Research Society in 1950. The following was
Operatians Research, published in America by ORSA
(Jimenez, 2009).
A definition of this concept is proposed by Durán
(2006), this concept is the science of decision making.
Similarly, Duran (2006) points out that in this
discipline, professionals from the most diverse
branches: engineers, mathematicians, computers,
economists. All of them must learn a fundamental
technique: mathematical modeling. Prawda (2000)
points out that operations research is the application
of the scientific method to decision
November 2017 P - 1
Special Issue Publication
Scientific
lanning applying
Ramírez Castañeda Armando I.,
Tecnológico Nacional de México
Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua II
Canada and France between others (Universidad de la
República Oriental del Uruguay, 2016).
Alvarado (2009) points out that in the beginning the
r programming was known as Programming in a
Linear Structure. According to Anderson Sweeney
and Williams (2004), in 1948 Tjalling Koopmans told
Dantzig that the name was too long and that it was
convenient to change it, before which Dantzig agreed
name was replaced by Linear Programming,
which is even used nowadays. Taha (2004) in his
book points out that a major element of operations
research is mathematical modeling. Galicia (2013)
notes that operations research is a branch of
on the study of mathematical
models, statistics and algorithms, with the aim of
making process. The first journal
published in the operational field was Operational
Research Quarterly, edited by the Operational
0. The following was
Operatians Research, published in America by ORSA
A definition of this concept is proposed by Durán
(2006), this concept is the science of decision making.
Similarly, Duran (2006) points out that in this
rofessionals from the most diverse
branches: engineers, mathematicians, computers,
economists. All of them must learn a fundamental
technique: mathematical modeling. Prawda (2000)
points out that operations research is the application
hod to decision-making problems
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 2
that provides methods that can represent and solve by
mathematical models a real problem of a system,
finding and controlling the relations between the
components in order to evaluate the results associated
with the stated objectives and to establish the
necessary actions to modify the behavior patterns of
said components. Izar (1996) defines operations
research as a group of methods and techniques
applicable to solving operating problems of systems.
Illés and Terlaky (2002) point out that mathematical
optimization is one of the main branches of applied
mathematics. Since its discovery in the mid-twentieth
century, it is considered one of the most controversial
fields of mathematical research. Marchena, Ornelas,
and González (2007) point out that the purpose of
linear programming is to optimize (minimize or
maximize) a linear function of n variables subject to
linear constraints of equality or inequality, called the
objective function.
Awards
Jiménez (2009) points out that to know the main
practical works in Operative Research can consult the
Interfaces magazine published bimonthly INFORMS.
Continuing with the ideas of Jiménez (2009), the
awards given to important works of Operative
Research, either for their applied interest or for the
development of new theories, have been an important
stimulus when planning and directing concrete lines
of research. Some of these prizes have had an
important historical and have been more fashionable
in a few years than others. We can mention, among
others, the following prizes:
The Lanchester Prize, awarded annually by ORSA
(now that it has been integrated into INFORMS,
granted by this institute) for the best publication in
Operations Research in English language. It is
granted since 1954, and in 1994 it had a monetary
endowment of $ 5000.
Dantzig Award, awarded every three years by the
Mathematical Programming Society and the
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics for
the best original contribution to the field of
Mathematical Programming.
Fulkerson Award, awarded every three years by the
American Mathematical Society and the
Mathematical Programming Society for the most
brilliant research article in the field of Discrete
Mathematics.
Orchard-Hays Award, awarded every three years
by the Mathematical Programming Society for
excellence in Computational Mathematical
Programming.
Simplex Method
Since George B. Dantzig developed the simplex
method in 1947, linear programming has been widely
used in military, industrial, governmental and urban
planning, among others (Bazaraa and Javis, 1996).
The Simplex Method is a basic mathematical tool in
decision making, but it requires understanding each of
its steps and the constancy of practicing them.
Minimizing costs or maximizing profits will depend
on the needs of each company or subject, the paths to
take them are infinite, but when it comes to more than
two variables, the really optimum path is right at this
moment in your hands (Valencia, 2015) . Morales
(2012) points out that the operation of this method is
as follows, we are looking for feasible solutions at the
extreme points of the solution space until the
objective function can not be further improved. The
simplex method has been widely used for the
unambiguous optimization of different analytical
procedures; particularly in cases where there is an
interdependence of the variables to be optimized.
Compared to other optimization methods based on
experimental designs or response surfaces, the
simplex method generally allows the optimum to be
reached in a simpler and faster way (Rodríguez, Díaz,
Amanda, Ahumada and Guerrero, 2013).
Ariza (S / A) points out that the simplex method is a
mathematical tool that solves planning and scheduling
problems; that is, it solves the question about how
much to produce according to the operational capacity
and market studies. Also, this method uses the Linear
Programming model, through the solution of a matrix,
using the method of elimination of Gauss Jordan.
Instituto Internacional de Investigación de Tecnología
Educativa S.C. (2009) points out that the standard or
canonical form of the linear programming model is
composed of an objective function and a set of
constraints. In general, the standard form of the linear
programming model can be expressed as:
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 3
nnMax XCXCXCZ ...2211
Subject to:
And its matrix form is given by the expression:
CXZMax
Subject to:
0
X
BAX
Where:
C = It is the matrix of costs or utilities, formed by the
coefficients of the objective function.
A = is the matrix of coefficients of the system formed
by the constraints.
B = is the column matrix of independent terms of the
constraint system.
X = is the column matrix of the variables X1, X2, X3,
..., Xn of the constraint system.
Romero, Muñoz, and Romero (2006) point out that
Industrial Engineering as a discipline dedicated to the
design, innovation, improvement, installation and
administration of integrated systems of human
resources, materials, equipment and technologies,
organized for efficient and manufacturing and
services. Acevedo and Linares (2012) point out that
Industrial Engineering has been boosted since the
industrial revolution, its importance grows by its
efficient contribution to efficiency and business
productivity that leads to new levels, the
competitiveness of industrial sectors in the countries.
Guédez (2011) points out that linear programming
(PL) is part of mathematical programming and is an
optimization technique to deal with problems of
allocation of scarce resources between competing
activities, dealing exclusively with objective functions
and linear constraints.
Schwarz (2014) points out that, within the
professional career of industrial engineering, an area
of research is the research of operations. The lines of
investigation that emerge from there are:
Optimization of operations and processes
Route and transport scheduling
Location of Facilities
Process simulation
Solutions with Artificial Intelligence techniques
Kowalski, Enríquez, Santelices, and Mercedes (2015)
In engineering careers, and in the case of Industrial
Engineering, algorithms occupy an important place,
particularly in the discipline Operative Research.
Applications of the simplex method
This method or procedure has countless applications
in linear programming, but also use in mathematics
and geometry. Among the most common applications
of the simplex method are (Martínez, 2012):
It is a technique used to give numerical solutions
to problems of linear programming.
It is commonly applied to find an optimal solution
to problems of maximization and minimization.
It is useful for solving large and complex
problems.
Variables commonly used in linear programming
have been developed from the simplex method.
This method has been extremely useful for the
development of software that facilitates the
calculation process. An example of this is the
WIN QSB®
This model is used for the correct interpretation of
decision models based on mathematical
descriptions in order to help in decision making in
situations of uncertainty.
0...,
...
.
.
.
...
...
2
2211
22222121
11212111
n
mnmnmm
nn
nn
xxx
bxaxaxa
bxaxaxa
bxaxaxa
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 4
Importance
Establishing a production schedule for a period of
weeks or months turns out to be a difficult and
important task in most production plants. The
operations manager must consider many factors:
labor, inventory and storage costs, space constraints,
demand, etc. Generally, most plants produce more
than one good, making the previous task even more
complicated (Faulin, S / A). Corominas (2010) notes
that operations management gives tools to solve the
planning problem raised. In particular, aggregate
planning is a typical case of the research area.
Aggregate planning is an instrument to forecast, in the
medium term, the activities of the area of operations.
It is clear that the results of aggregate planning have a
large impact on the planning and coordination of
resources throughout the organization, there is a
tendency to include in the aggregate planning
decisions of other functional areas of the company,
such as personnel, accounting and finance ,
procurement or marketing.
Geovanah (2017) points out that the simplex process
is a powerful, sophisticated approach to innovation. It
is suitable for projects and organizations of almost
any scale. This process is an eight-stage cycle. At the
end of the eight stages, you have to start again to find
and solve another problem, thus helping to ensure
continuous improvement.
Success stories
IOSA Operations Research S.A. (2016) in its page
presents different achievements that the companies
have had when implementing the simplex method. For
example, the following examples stand out:
CHILEXPRESS. Project: Models of optimization
and simulation of Courier routes nationwide in
Chile.
Agricultural Society DROKASA S.A Project:
Optimized planning of the asparagus harvest -
master planning model for opening and closing
fields.
Minera Yanacocha S.A. Newmont Gold Company
- Peruvian Branch. Project: Development of
Mathematical Models Oriented to Long-Term
Planning.
Union of Peruvian Breweries Backus and
Johnston S.A.A. Project: Development of
Mathematical Models for the Planning of Supply
of Malta to Plants (Decision Support System -
SSD).
PHP SIMPLEX®
PHPSimplex® is an online tool for solving linear
programming problems. Its use is free and free. To
access it simply click on the icon on the left, or on
"PHPSimplex" in the top menu (PHPSimplex, 2017).
PHPSimplex® is able to solve problems using the
Simplex method, the Two Phases method, and the
Graphical method, and has no limitations on the
number of decision variables or problem constraints
(PHPSimplex, 2017).
Winqsb®
The initial version of the software Winqsb® called at
that time QSB, was created in 1985 by Yin-Long
Chang professor of the Georgia Institute of
Technology (Henríquez and Hernández, 2010). Lugay
(2014) points out that Winqsb® software, which is the
intellectual property of Dr. Yih-Long Chang, consists
of a series of individual modules or applications that
help in the investigation of operations, work study,
planning and control of the production, project
evaluation, quality systems, simulation, statistics, etc.,
and there are a total of 19 modules, one for each type
of problem.
General objective
Improve the production planning process by applying
the simplex method.
Specific objectives
Understand the contextualization of the topic.
Know the existing models to evaluate the quality
of an industrial process.
Calculate the representative sample using 90%
reliability and 10% error.
Apply the simplex method for the planning of an
industrial process.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 5
Analyze the results obtained from the analysis of
the simplex method for the planning of an
industrial process.
Evaluate the results obtained from the analysis of
the simplex method for the planning of an
industrial process.
Justification
The understanding of the Simplex Method is
important because it allows solving problems of linear
programming, which is one of the most important
techniques for formulating and solving various
decision-oriented problems in the different areas of
Engineering. Many companies are unaware that
mathematical techniques exist that help to solve their
own processes in a practical and easy way. The
research is justified by the importance that the
application will have in a production process, which
will serve to have knowledge of its production
planning.
Investigation methodology
The steps that were followed to develop the project
are presented in figure 1.
Figure 1. Example of project activities
For the Delimitation stage of the problem, a work
sample was performed. The industrial process of two
products was taken into account. The formula used
was the one proposed by Dr. Bolaños (2012), which is
used for finite or known populations. The formula is
as follows:
2
2
**
i
qpZ
n
Where:
n: sample size
Z: value corresponding to the gauss distribution, for
research Z = 90%, which is equivalent to 1,645.
p: expected prevalence of the parameter to be
evaluated, if not known (p = 0.5), which makes the
sample size larger.
q: 1 - p (if p = 70%, q = 30%)
i: error expected to be committed if it is 10%, i = 0.10
The development of the formula is as follows:
Delimitación
del problema
Modelación
del
problema
Resolución
del modelo
Análisis de
los
resultados
Toma de
decisión
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 6
6865.67
01.0
65.67
)10.0(
)5.0(*)5.0(*)645.1(
2
2
n
The study indicated that for the investigation of the
production process, using 90% of reliability and 10%
of allowed error, 68 observations or time takings will
be needed for the investigation.
Once we know how many observations will be made,
we took the time it takes each of the 3 processes with
the 2 pieces (product A and product B) and these were
the results obtained:
Milling: part A takes 6.71 minutes and part B
takes 8.71 minutes
Production time is 480 minutes.
Turning: part A takes 8.71 minutes and part B
takes 10.71 minutes. Its production time is 480
minutes.
Finishing finish: part A takes 11.71 minutes and
part B takes 13.71 minutes.
Its production time is 480 minutes.
Part A is known to earn $ 100 and part B earns $
125.
For the phase of modeling, and taking the variables
that lead to the process, the mathematical model was
then formulated. The mathematical model was as
follows:
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑧: 100𝑥 + 125𝑥
6.71𝑥 + 8.71𝑥 ≤ 480
8.71𝑥 + 10.71𝑥 ≤ 480
11.71𝑥 + 13.71𝑥 ≤ 480
𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0
Where part A will be the variable x1 and part B will
be x2. The mathematical model remained with two
variables and three restrictions, due to the processes
by which the two products pass.
For the resolution phase of the model, the PHP
SIMPLEX® tool was used, because it is a free and
easy-to-use software for solving operations research
problems. Figure 2 shows the main screen and the
entry of the two variables and three restrictions.
Figure 2. SIMPLEX® PHP main screen
Then Figure 3 shows the entry of the variables into
the PHP SIMPLEX® program.
Figure 3. Example of input variables in PHP
SIMPLEX®
The program helps to see how the problem is solved
either directly or only the last result. For space saving,
the last table of the final result is shown in figure 4.
Figure 4. Final solution in PHP SIMPLEX®
The results of the problem are: Production of piece A
equal to 0, production for piece B 35.01 products and
maximum gain is $ 4376.36.
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 7
The results obtained by the PHP SIMPLEX®
program, compared to the WIN QSB® software, is
also a program that helps solving operations research
problems. Figure 5 shows the entry of the variables
into the WIN QSB® program.
Figure 5. Example of problem entry in WIN QSB®
Once the data is entered, the problem solving step is taken, Figure 6 shows the results of the WIN QSB®
program.
Figure 6. Example of final resolution in WIN QSB®
The results of the problem are: Production of piece A
equal to 0, production for piece B 35.01 products and
maximum gain is $ 4376.36. As you can see the
results do not vary, the two softwares are reliable for
the use of operations research problems.
For the reality check stage, the results were compared
with the original process and it was observed that
there was no difference in the behavior of the
variables. Finally, the mathematical model was
implemented with the original process, and until now
the process behaves as expected.
Analysis of results
The two programs used to solve the problem gave the
following results.
Production of part A equal to 0
Production for part B 35.01 products
Maximum profit is $ 4376.36.
The two results were similar, so you can be sure that
the result is reliable and the two softwares are
recommended for solving these types of problems.
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Special Issue of 2nd
International Congress of Engineering
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Special Issue Publication | November 2017 P - 8
Conclusión
In the field of Industrial Engineering, you have many
tools to analyze and solve and evaluate a problem.
The main purpose of an industrial engineer is to be
able to apply the tools to understand his procedure,
unfortunately many times, mathematics are taught
with a theoretical approach, but the practical approach
is neglected.
This project emerged from a classroom and was
brought to reality in an industrial process. The
simplex method tool was analyzed and applied using
ICTs in specialized software, which aided the
understanding and resolution of the research.
The applied Simplex method of pertinent form, allows
to analyze, to solve and to evaluate a problem
integrated by different variables. Improvement in the
production planning process was achieved by
applying the simplex method.
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