brain development begins a few weeks after conception and is thought to be complete by early adulthood. The basic structure of the brain is laid down primarily during the prenatal period and early childhood, and the formation and refinement of neural networks continues over the long term. The brains’ many functions do not develop at the same time nor do their developmental patterns follow the same time frame. Although basic sensation and perception systems are fully developed by the time children reach kindergarten age, other systems such as those involved in memory, decision making, and emotion continue to develop well into childhood. The foundations of many of these abilities, however, are constructed during the early years.

1. *
By Gulzar Hasan

2. *
*To create awareness among teachers about brain
development and their role in supporting the holistic and
optimal development of a child.

3. *
*To educate teachers their roles in holistic and optimal
development of a child from childhood to human
development.

4. *
*understand the role of the brain in human
development.
*to know exquisite structural and functional
development of the brain.
*understand factors that affect the progress of
development.

5. *
*Ask Participants to form a circle. You will need
a ball. Start by telling name and two
sentences about like and dislike. Then throw a
ball to any participant she / he will introduce
herself.

6. *
*• An organ of soft nervous tissue contained in
the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the
coordinating center of sensation and
intellectual and nervous activity.
*• The brain is the center of the system. The
brain is located in the head, protected by
the skull and close to the primary
sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
balance, taste, and smell.
*• The brain controls the other organ systems of
the body
*• The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of
the nervous system, and the seat of
consciousness.
*• The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the
understanding.

7. *

8. *
*Frontal Lobe (concentration, emotional control motor
projection, problem solving, thinking and personality
building)
*Temporal Lobe (smell, hearing, balance, emotion,
language)
*Occipital Lobe (receives and process visual formation)
*Parietal Lobe (sensory projection, touch, speech, visual
abilities)

9. *
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UukcdU25
8A
Video

10. *
Brain Development Page 1.3.B
Daniel Keating (3:36)
Video: BD1_Keating1

11. *
*Did you find the building a house metaphor
useful?
*According to Dr. Keating, what are the
implications of a strong foundation for later
development?
*Does a solid foundation predetermine a strong
healthy development throughout life?

12. *
uncovers some of the answers to questions we have
about the brain. The human brain - a complex three
pound organ - is at the centre of human development.
*
Genes set the parameters for the basic structures of
the developing brain. Experiences and genes
interact to establish neural circuits and shape the
brain’s architecture.

13. *
Brain Development Page 1
Fiona Stanley (3:18)
Video: BD1_Stanley1

14. *
Brain Development Page 1
Fraser Mustard (1:22)
Video: BD1_Mustard1

15. *
*Why do Fiona Stanley and Fraser Mustard think
it is important for those working with young
children and their families to know about early
brain development?

16. *
*Brain development begins soon after conception and
continues after birth. The building blocks - brain cells known
as neurons - and the basic structures of the brain are formed
before birth.
*Billions of neurons, all with the same genetic coding, make
trillions of connections with each other to build the neural
pathways of the human brain and nervous system. Some of
the neural pathways are built before birth but most are
constructed after birth.

17. *
Week 1 – 9
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=4l9GE_eaMSs
Week 10 – 14
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=sivegxcp2Bk
Week 15 – 21
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=VsjcqkOjp0U
Week 28 – 37
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=BIzb-IqF4i8

18. *
1. Make your own Brain Cap
*In this activity you will learn where in the brain specific
information is processed to produce different behaviors.
2. Pin the function on the Brain
* To introduce the idea that different parts of your brain help
you do different things and to assess student comprehension of
functions of various brain regions.
3. Make a Neuron
* Create a model of a neuron by using clay or play dough.
4. Message Transmission
* Let's make a chain of neurons...have everyone stand up and
form a line. Each person in the line is a neuron.

19. Stress
Positive
Stress
Tolerable
Stress
Toxic
Stress

20. *
*Brain circuits are especially vulnerable as they are
developing during early childhood. Toxic stress can disrupt
the development of these circuits. This can cause an
individual to develop a low threshold for stress, thereby
becoming overly reactive to adverse experiences
throughout life.
*High levels of stress hormones, including cortisol, can
suppress the body’s immune response. This can leave an
individual vulnerable to a variety of infections and
chronic health problems.
*Sustained high levels of cortisol can damage the
hippocampus, an area of the brain responsible for
learning and memory. These cognitive deficits can
continue into adulthood.

21. *
Glucose: A child's brain depends on glucose
for fuel. Something as simple as skipping
breakfast can cause enough of a deficiency
in blood sugar (glucose) to impair cognitive
abilities.
Iron: It carries oxygen in the blood and
helps transport that oxygen into the cells
where it is used.
B vitamins: The B vitamins act to help
unlock the energy in glucose. A deficiency in
B vitamins can interfere with learning by
causing personality changes including
aggressiveness, hostility and depression.

22. *Vitamin A: This nutrient is needed for proper
development of the nervous system in the
growing fetus. There is also growing evidence
that it is needed for optimum brain function
during life.
Zinc: Zinc is an integral part of the communication
structure between nerve cells. Therefore it is
important to proper brain function and deficiencies in
zinc appear to be linked to cognitive impairment.

23. * Nutrition Video
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ikn9v_XY
A8

24. *
*Brain plays important role in human
development.
*Learnt structure and functions of brain.
*How brain develops in early years.
*Factors that affect development of the brain.