Lecture on the impacts of climate change, and methods for monetary valuation, to postgraduate students of economics. Covers Chapter 5 of Climate Economics.
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth from increased greenhouse gas emissions. The key greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide released through burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation. As greenhouse gas levels increase in the atmosphere, they trap more heat and cause the planet to warm, leading to changes in climate patterns and severe environmental impacts such as rising sea levels, stronger storms and hurricanes, more frequent droughts and heat waves. To reduce global warming, individuals and governments need to lower carbon emissions by transitioning to renewable energy, driving and flying less, improving energy efficiency, and planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
This document discusses climate change and provides information about the difference between weather and climate. It explains that climate is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Greenhouse gases are essential to our climate by trapping heat in our atmosphere. However, human activity has increased greenhouse gas levels, resulting in global warming. Evidence of climate change comes from melting glaciers, tree rings, and changes in plant and animal ranges. The document suggests various ways individuals can reduce their carbon footprint through conserving energy use at home, in transportation, and reducing waste.
The document discusses several factors that influence the social cost of carbon, including equity, uncertainty, and discounting. It examines adding equity weights to value climate impacts differently across countries based on income levels. Graphs show how the social cost of carbon varies under different assumptions about equity, uncertainty, and rates of time preference and risk aversion. The conclusion discusses approaches to determine ethical values around intergenerational equity, inequality aversion, and risk.
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Heal...OECD Environment
Background presentation 2
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Health, by Anna Alberini, University of Maryland
The document discusses the economic impacts of climate change, including the problem, its sources and mechanisms, possible futures, and consequences. It also discusses solutions, focusing on increasing adaptive capacity through available technologies, resources, human and social capital, risk sharing, information management, and decision making. However, future vulnerability depends on uncertain development status and the complex relationship between development, exposure, and adaptive capacity. While adaptation assistance could help reduce impacts, development assistance has proven difficult and adaptive capacity is closely tied to development.
Economics of Climate Change april 2023 .pptDipti Nagar
The document discusses the economic impacts of climate change, identifying both winners and losers. Areas that could benefit include Canada, northeast US, and Russia due to warmer temperatures, while drought could negatively impact parts of the US, Africa, and Asia. Developed countries may be able to adapt more easily than developing nations. Agriculture, insurance, and health care are sectors that may be heavily impacted. Economists evaluate costs and benefits to recommend policies, but valuation challenges exist due to uncertainty and pricing issues. Individual actions like reducing energy and water use can help address climate change.
This document summarizes Richard Tol's analysis of economic impacts from climate change. It discusses methods used to estimate impacts, key uncertainties, and estimates the social cost of carbon. While some studies find large impacts from climate change, Tol's analysis suggests the overall welfare impact is relatively small and the problem is relatively easy to solve with a modest carbon tax. However, climate policy has also been used to pursue other goals like creating bureaucracies or rewarding political interests.
Presentation given during the OECD Expert workshop on Economic Modelling of Climate and Related Tipping Points by Michael T. Kiley, Federal Reserve Board
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth from increased greenhouse gas emissions. The key greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide released through burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation. As greenhouse gas levels increase in the atmosphere, they trap more heat and cause the planet to warm, leading to changes in climate patterns and severe environmental impacts such as rising sea levels, stronger storms and hurricanes, more frequent droughts and heat waves. To reduce global warming, individuals and governments need to lower carbon emissions by transitioning to renewable energy, driving and flying less, improving energy efficiency, and planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
This document discusses climate change and provides information about the difference between weather and climate. It explains that climate is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Greenhouse gases are essential to our climate by trapping heat in our atmosphere. However, human activity has increased greenhouse gas levels, resulting in global warming. Evidence of climate change comes from melting glaciers, tree rings, and changes in plant and animal ranges. The document suggests various ways individuals can reduce their carbon footprint through conserving energy use at home, in transportation, and reducing waste.
The document discusses several factors that influence the social cost of carbon, including equity, uncertainty, and discounting. It examines adding equity weights to value climate impacts differently across countries based on income levels. Graphs show how the social cost of carbon varies under different assumptions about equity, uncertainty, and rates of time preference and risk aversion. The conclusion discusses approaches to determine ethical values around intergenerational equity, inequality aversion, and risk.
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Heal...OECD Environment
Background presentation 2
OECD Workshop on SocioEconomic Impact Assessment of Chemicals Management, Helsinki, 7 July 2016
Measuring the Economic Value of Chemicals on Ecological System and Human Health, by Anna Alberini, University of Maryland
The document discusses the economic impacts of climate change, including the problem, its sources and mechanisms, possible futures, and consequences. It also discusses solutions, focusing on increasing adaptive capacity through available technologies, resources, human and social capital, risk sharing, information management, and decision making. However, future vulnerability depends on uncertain development status and the complex relationship between development, exposure, and adaptive capacity. While adaptation assistance could help reduce impacts, development assistance has proven difficult and adaptive capacity is closely tied to development.
Economics of Climate Change april 2023 .pptDipti Nagar
The document discusses the economic impacts of climate change, identifying both winners and losers. Areas that could benefit include Canada, northeast US, and Russia due to warmer temperatures, while drought could negatively impact parts of the US, Africa, and Asia. Developed countries may be able to adapt more easily than developing nations. Agriculture, insurance, and health care are sectors that may be heavily impacted. Economists evaluate costs and benefits to recommend policies, but valuation challenges exist due to uncertainty and pricing issues. Individual actions like reducing energy and water use can help address climate change.
This document summarizes Richard Tol's analysis of economic impacts from climate change. It discusses methods used to estimate impacts, key uncertainties, and estimates the social cost of carbon. While some studies find large impacts from climate change, Tol's analysis suggests the overall welfare impact is relatively small and the problem is relatively easy to solve with a modest carbon tax. However, climate policy has also been used to pursue other goals like creating bureaucracies or rewarding political interests.
Presentation given during the OECD Expert workshop on Economic Modelling of Climate and Related Tipping Points by Michael T. Kiley, Federal Reserve Board
Climate risk to long term asset value | Iain Watt | Forum for the FutureForum for the Future
Climate change poses both physical and transitional risks to organizations. Direct physical risks include impacts on assets from changes in climate, while indirect risks involve disruptions to supply chains and markets from climate impacts. Organizations also face regulatory transitional risks from policies to reduce emissions, as well as risks from broader societal responses to climate change that can impact resources, costs, demographics, politics, business, and social norms. To ensure resilience, organizations need to consider not just direct climate impacts but also how climate changes might affect these various other factors over the lifespan of their developments.
SESSION 5_Rob Dellink_ Climate change- CIRCLE workshop Oct. 2014OECD Environment
This document discusses the economic impacts of climate change according to research from the OECD. It finds that under a business-as-usual scenario, global GDP could decrease by 3-4% by 2060 due to factors like sea level rise, health impacts, effects on agriculture and tourism. Adaptation policies and mitigation policies each have the potential to reduce damages according to preliminary analysis. The analysis aims to expand its coverage of impacts to include events like floods, heatwaves and water stress, and continue policy analysis to inform climate negotiations.
This document outlines the course details, learning outcomes, and assessment criteria for an Advanced Farm Business Management course, including lecture times, test dates, and topics that will be covered such as maintaining control of the farm business, risk management, capital investment, and linear production theory. It also provides details on different types of control for the farm business, including preliminary, concurrent, and analytic control, and how diagnostic analysis is used to evaluate enterprise efficiency.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
On the final stop for our virtual Global Summit Series, Withum’s International Team proudly presents Dr. Kevin Lyons, Supply Chain Management Department and Director, Public Private Community Partnerships of Rutgers Business School, on a deep dive into how climate change will affect culture and global supply chains.
He will be providing insight into how the global community can start to think about what we can do together to minimize the impacts of climate change on our culture and the supply chains that also connect us. From this presentation international and domestic companies can gain a better understanding on how these impacts may surface in their day-to-day operations as well as long term company profits.
Shelter from the Storm? Household-Level Impacts of, and Responses to, the 201...IFPRIMaSSP
As extreme weather events intensify due to climate change,
it becomes ever more critical to understand how vulnerable
households are to these events and the mechanisms
households can rely on to minimize losses effectively. This
paper analyzes the impacts of the floods that occurred
during the 2014/15 growing season in Malawi, using a
two-period panel data set. The results show that while yields
were dramatically lower for households severely affected
by the floods, drops in food consumption expenditures
and calories per capita were less dramatic. However, dietary
quality, as captured by the food consumption score, was
significantly lower for flood-affected households. Although
access to social safety nets increased food consumption outcomes,particularly for those in moderately-affected areas,
the proportion of households with access to certain safety
net programs was lower in 2015 compared with 2013.
The latter finding suggests that linking these programs
more closely to disaster relief efforts could substantially
improve welfare outcomes during and after a natural
disaster. Finally, risk-coping strategies, including financial
account ownership, access to off-farm income sources,
and adult children living away from home, were generally
ineffective in mitigating the negative impacts of the floods.
The CEO of the Agricultural Business Chamber, Dr John Purchase presented at COP 17 NBI Side Event. Theme: Agri-Food Chain - Vulnerability and Adaption.
Paul Wyrwoll from ANU presents the Risks and Options Assessment for Decision-Making (ROAD) process for decision makers to assess risks in water planning, developed by the Food Energy Environment Water (FE2W) Network.
This document discusses how systems thinking approaches can enhance water sustainability in the face of climate change. It provides two examples: 1) New York City conducted a study analyzing the impacts of climate change and population growth on its sewer and wastewater systems, which resulted in a city-wide adaptation plan. 2) A study of the Colorado River Basin assessed current and future water supply and demand under climate change scenarios to identify options to reduce gaps and ensure long-term sustainable resources for the region. Systems approaches allow stakeholders to identify interconnections within water systems and develop integrated solutions to enhance resilience and sustainability.
This document discusses the energy-water nexus and the need for integrated energy-water management (IEWM). It presents an energy-water network map showing the linkages between energy and water systems. It argues that effective IEWM requires understanding these linkages, quantifying risks to the network, prioritizing areas for action, utilizing existing tools, addressing knowledge gaps, and developing integrated institutional frameworks and decision-making processes to manage trade-offs and plan holistically across sectors. The document is a call for further discussion, case studies, and collaboration to advance IEWM.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Cost Benefit Analysis and Development Adaptation OptionsUNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
Pre conference workshop Economic Evaluations of Public Health Interventions
Amsterdam, EUPHA 2010
Public health economics was one of the themes of a pre conference at the 3rd European Public Health Conference in Amsterdam that took place from 10-13 November of 2010. Around 40 people participated at this pre conference. In four presentations the main topics in Public Health economics were introduced and illustrated. Economics is concerned with allocation of scarce resources in society over alternative uses. Some different types of evaluations were shown. The preference (utility) based health measure QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Years) was explained and discussed. In general methods for economic evaluations can be applied for evaluation of Public Health interventions. This was illustrated by a presentations on the economic impact of prevention strategies in tackling obesity. This study showed some good results in improving population health and decreasing health expenditure. However in many Public Health areas the effectiveness of public health interventions is still limited and should be assessed carefully concerning assumptions, costs calculated and models used.
More attention should be paid to inter-sectoral effects, equity considerations and a societal perspective in performing economic evaluations. Finally the involvement of relevant stakeholders is key to the success of Prevention.
The chair of this meeting concluded that Public Health and Economics could make a good couple. However for a longstanding relationship, we should put more effort in the evidence base of Public Health interventions. It is important that Public Health interventions demonstrate value for money!
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and strategies for adaptation and mitigation. It outlines how climate change will increase global food demand while reducing arable land. Adaptation strategies discussed include developing insurance programs, improving water efficiency, and trading water rights. Mitigation strategies addressed in agriculture include use of biogas and biofuels (though first generation biofuels have issues), and farm practices that reduce emissions like fertilizer management and no-till farming. The Paris Agreement's goals of limiting warming to 1.5C and increasing country commitments over time are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of basic macroeconomic relationships between income, consumption, and savings. It defines consumption and savings functions, and examines how consumption and savings are influenced by both income and non-income factors like wealth, expectations, interest rates, debt, and taxes. The relationships are illustrated using consumption and savings schedules, which can shift due to changes in determinants. Key concepts explained include average and marginal propensities to consume and save, and how movements along and shifts of the schedules occur.
The impact of Brexit on climate and energy policyRichard Tol
The UK has decided to leave the EU but maintain its climate targets. However, three central planks of UK climate policy, emission permit trade, interconnection, and nuclear power, depend on the EU. This paper discusses the implications of Brexit for climate policy.
Climate risk to long term asset value | Iain Watt | Forum for the FutureForum for the Future
Climate change poses both physical and transitional risks to organizations. Direct physical risks include impacts on assets from changes in climate, while indirect risks involve disruptions to supply chains and markets from climate impacts. Organizations also face regulatory transitional risks from policies to reduce emissions, as well as risks from broader societal responses to climate change that can impact resources, costs, demographics, politics, business, and social norms. To ensure resilience, organizations need to consider not just direct climate impacts but also how climate changes might affect these various other factors over the lifespan of their developments.
SESSION 5_Rob Dellink_ Climate change- CIRCLE workshop Oct. 2014OECD Environment
This document discusses the economic impacts of climate change according to research from the OECD. It finds that under a business-as-usual scenario, global GDP could decrease by 3-4% by 2060 due to factors like sea level rise, health impacts, effects on agriculture and tourism. Adaptation policies and mitigation policies each have the potential to reduce damages according to preliminary analysis. The analysis aims to expand its coverage of impacts to include events like floods, heatwaves and water stress, and continue policy analysis to inform climate negotiations.
This document outlines the course details, learning outcomes, and assessment criteria for an Advanced Farm Business Management course, including lecture times, test dates, and topics that will be covered such as maintaining control of the farm business, risk management, capital investment, and linear production theory. It also provides details on different types of control for the farm business, including preliminary, concurrent, and analytic control, and how diagnostic analysis is used to evaluate enterprise efficiency.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
On the final stop for our virtual Global Summit Series, Withum’s International Team proudly presents Dr. Kevin Lyons, Supply Chain Management Department and Director, Public Private Community Partnerships of Rutgers Business School, on a deep dive into how climate change will affect culture and global supply chains.
He will be providing insight into how the global community can start to think about what we can do together to minimize the impacts of climate change on our culture and the supply chains that also connect us. From this presentation international and domestic companies can gain a better understanding on how these impacts may surface in their day-to-day operations as well as long term company profits.
Shelter from the Storm? Household-Level Impacts of, and Responses to, the 201...IFPRIMaSSP
As extreme weather events intensify due to climate change,
it becomes ever more critical to understand how vulnerable
households are to these events and the mechanisms
households can rely on to minimize losses effectively. This
paper analyzes the impacts of the floods that occurred
during the 2014/15 growing season in Malawi, using a
two-period panel data set. The results show that while yields
were dramatically lower for households severely affected
by the floods, drops in food consumption expenditures
and calories per capita were less dramatic. However, dietary
quality, as captured by the food consumption score, was
significantly lower for flood-affected households. Although
access to social safety nets increased food consumption outcomes,particularly for those in moderately-affected areas,
the proportion of households with access to certain safety
net programs was lower in 2015 compared with 2013.
The latter finding suggests that linking these programs
more closely to disaster relief efforts could substantially
improve welfare outcomes during and after a natural
disaster. Finally, risk-coping strategies, including financial
account ownership, access to off-farm income sources,
and adult children living away from home, were generally
ineffective in mitigating the negative impacts of the floods.
The CEO of the Agricultural Business Chamber, Dr John Purchase presented at COP 17 NBI Side Event. Theme: Agri-Food Chain - Vulnerability and Adaption.
Paul Wyrwoll from ANU presents the Risks and Options Assessment for Decision-Making (ROAD) process for decision makers to assess risks in water planning, developed by the Food Energy Environment Water (FE2W) Network.
This document discusses how systems thinking approaches can enhance water sustainability in the face of climate change. It provides two examples: 1) New York City conducted a study analyzing the impacts of climate change and population growth on its sewer and wastewater systems, which resulted in a city-wide adaptation plan. 2) A study of the Colorado River Basin assessed current and future water supply and demand under climate change scenarios to identify options to reduce gaps and ensure long-term sustainable resources for the region. Systems approaches allow stakeholders to identify interconnections within water systems and develop integrated solutions to enhance resilience and sustainability.
This document discusses the energy-water nexus and the need for integrated energy-water management (IEWM). It presents an energy-water network map showing the linkages between energy and water systems. It argues that effective IEWM requires understanding these linkages, quantifying risks to the network, prioritizing areas for action, utilizing existing tools, addressing knowledge gaps, and developing integrated institutional frameworks and decision-making processes to manage trade-offs and plan holistically across sectors. The document is a call for further discussion, case studies, and collaboration to advance IEWM.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Cost Benefit Analysis and Development Adaptation OptionsUNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
Pre conference workshop Economic Evaluations of Public Health Interventions
Amsterdam, EUPHA 2010
Public health economics was one of the themes of a pre conference at the 3rd European Public Health Conference in Amsterdam that took place from 10-13 November of 2010. Around 40 people participated at this pre conference. In four presentations the main topics in Public Health economics were introduced and illustrated. Economics is concerned with allocation of scarce resources in society over alternative uses. Some different types of evaluations were shown. The preference (utility) based health measure QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Years) was explained and discussed. In general methods for economic evaluations can be applied for evaluation of Public Health interventions. This was illustrated by a presentations on the economic impact of prevention strategies in tackling obesity. This study showed some good results in improving population health and decreasing health expenditure. However in many Public Health areas the effectiveness of public health interventions is still limited and should be assessed carefully concerning assumptions, costs calculated and models used.
More attention should be paid to inter-sectoral effects, equity considerations and a societal perspective in performing economic evaluations. Finally the involvement of relevant stakeholders is key to the success of Prevention.
The chair of this meeting concluded that Public Health and Economics could make a good couple. However for a longstanding relationship, we should put more effort in the evidence base of Public Health interventions. It is important that Public Health interventions demonstrate value for money!
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and strategies for adaptation and mitigation. It outlines how climate change will increase global food demand while reducing arable land. Adaptation strategies discussed include developing insurance programs, improving water efficiency, and trading water rights. Mitigation strategies addressed in agriculture include use of biogas and biofuels (though first generation biofuels have issues), and farm practices that reduce emissions like fertilizer management and no-till farming. The Paris Agreement's goals of limiting warming to 1.5C and increasing country commitments over time are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of basic macroeconomic relationships between income, consumption, and savings. It defines consumption and savings functions, and examines how consumption and savings are influenced by both income and non-income factors like wealth, expectations, interest rates, debt, and taxes. The relationships are illustrated using consumption and savings schedules, which can shift due to changes in determinants. Key concepts explained include average and marginal propensities to consume and save, and how movements along and shifts of the schedules occur.
The impact of Brexit on climate and energy policyRichard Tol
The UK has decided to leave the EU but maintain its climate targets. However, three central planks of UK climate policy, emission permit trade, interconnection, and nuclear power, depend on the EU. This paper discusses the implications of Brexit for climate policy.
This document discusses optimal emission reduction strategies to address climate change. It recommends:
1) Implementing a little emission reduction in the early time period, followed by more substantial reductions later.
2) The emission reductions may not be enough to fully stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations, depending on the assumptions.
3) Considering the perspectives of multiple countries would decrease the optimal level of global emission reductions compared to a single decision-maker scenario.
There is a risk of blackouts in the UK in December or January due to issues with the electricity grid. The grid relies on a delicate balance of supply and demand being met continuously. Environmental policies that promote intermittent wind energy and the closure of coal plants, combined with regulatory uncertainty and a lack of long-term planning, have exacerbated risks. While there is no evidence of price gouging by generators, investment has been deterred by unstable regulation. The document argues politicians need to prioritize reliable, affordable, and clean energy and empower a strong independent regulator to develop stable policies.
Lecture on greenhouse gas emission scenarios and technical options for emission reduction to postgraduate students of economics. Covers Chapter 2 of Climate Economics textbook.
The Road from Paris - Whither Climate Policy?Richard Tol
1) The document discusses the history and current state of international climate policy over the past 25 years.
2) It analyzes the climate policies of various countries and regions, finding that policies have largely rewarded political allies with subsidies rather than reducing emissions.
3) Going forward, the document argues that international negotiations on binding emissions targets have failed and countries are instead focusing on their own pledged targets through a pledge-and-review system.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Impacts and valuation
1. Impacts and Valuation
• The problem
– Sources
– Mechanisms
– Possible futures
– Consequences
• The solution
2. Impacts of Climate
• Changing temperatures, precipitation and
atmospheric composition affect plants and
animals, both in managed and in unmanaged
systems
3.
4.
5.
6. Impacts of Climate
• Changing temperatures, precipitation and
atmospheric composition affect plants and
animals, both in managed and in unmanaged
systems
• The specialised are likely to loose, as are
the marginalised
• Climate change affects water (for drinking,
irrigation, cooling), droughts and floods
7.
8. Impacts of Climate
• Changing temperatures, precipitation and
atmospheric composition affect plants and
animals, both in managed and in unmanaged
systems
• The specialised are likely to loose, as are
the marginalised
• Climate change affects water (for drinking,
irrigation, cooling), droughts and floods
• Climate change affects energy production
and consumption; tourism; construction;
transport; labour productivity and so on
9. Impacts of Climate -2
• Climate change also affects human health,
through heat stress (cardiovascular,
respiratory), cold stress (cardiovascular),
vector-borne diseases (malaria, dengue
fever, schistosomiasis), other infectuous
diseases (cholera), water and food quantity
and quality, air pollution, and extreme
weather events
• Sea level rise leads to land loss and higher
costs for coastal protection, wetland loss,
saltwater intrusion
12. Year
GlobalmeanwarmingoC
I Risks to Unique and Threatened Systems
II Risks from Extreme Climate Events
III Distribution of Impacts
IV Aggregate Impacts
V Risks from Future Large-Scale DiscontinuitiesSource: IPCC 2001
13. Impacts of Climate
• Climate change has many different
impacts, with different effects for
different countries, sectors, times
• If one wants to get insights, high level
indicators need to be used
• If one wants to compare the impacts of
climate change to the impacts of emission
reduction, include the impacts in the
national accounts, or determine how much
compensation should be paid, money is the
appropriate indicator
14. Monetary Valuation
• The aim is to express a welfare loss in an
equivalent income loss
– Revealed preferences
• Travel cost
• Hedonic pricing
– Stated preferences
• Contingent valuation
• Contingent choice
• Each method has its drawbacks, but stated
preferences suffer from a range of biases,
including unfamiliarity and manipulation
15. WTP v WTAC
• Willingness to pay, or equivalent variation,
is the maximum amount you would be willing
to pay to secure a price fall
• Willingness to accept compensation, or
compensating variation, is the minimum
amount you would be willing to accept to
forego a price fall
• Willig (1976) showed that
• This is because of the income effect
• He also showed that
• This is because of substitution
• Result carries over to quantities
EV CS CV
EV CS CV
17. WTP and WTAC -2
• Willingness to pay and willingness to accept
compensation are different, because
– the budget constraint is different
– voluntary and involuntary risks are
different
– people attach value to the status quo
18. Benefit transfer
• Valuation is difficult and expensive
• Therefore, estimated values are
extrapolated (benefit transfer) from one
place to the next and from one case to the
next
• As values are highly context-specific, this
introduces all sorts of uncertainties, which
are not well-understood
19.
20. Area Error (%)
Sport fishing 5-40
5-15
Water quality improvements 4-34
1-75
Water-based recreation -
1-475
Water quality improvements 25-45
18-41
Saltwater fishing 1-34
-
White water rafting 24-56
6-228
Biodiversity on agricultural land 27-36
22-44