Shekhawati region is rich with biodiversity which attract the researchers, scientist and biologist. The fauna and flora found in the study area has highly desertic adaptations and are not evenly and densely spread on the land of study area. The study conducted recently when data of Nilgai observed. The region has 120 species of migratory and resident birds of the desert. The chief floral elements in the region are Prosopis cineraria Khejri , Azardirachta indica Neem , Ficus religiosa Pepal , Dalbergia sisso Seesam , Acacia nilotica Desi Babul , Salvadora persica Mitha Jal , Albizzia lebbek Sares , Prosopis juliflora Vilayti Babul . The leaves of desert plants are often reduced to spines and thorns to minimize water loss by evaporation. Shekhawati region located in north eastern of Rajasthan and cover only 8 area of the state. Climatic condition of the area is both extreme – very hot summer and very cool winters. The region lies in semiarid zone with low floral diversity due to scantly and irregular rainfall. Wind velocity in the region is quite high during the summer and sand storms are common feature of the area. Sand dunes are dominant in the entire region especially in northwestern part. The region is part of Indian Thar Desert exhibit little mammalian diversity. During last three decades numbers of large mammals has been drastically decreased in the Shekhawati region due to inference of people in natural habitats of mammals for their beneficiary activities. The mammalian diversity of Shekhawati region is represented by 40 species of mammals belonging to 20 families and 31 genera. The region covers 9 mammalian diversity of India and 58.8. of Thar. Naveen Kumar | Dr. J. B. Khan "Impact of Phytochemical Values on the Floral Biodiversity of Shekhawati - A Part of Indian Thar Desert" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60136.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/60136/impact-of-phytochemical-values-on-the-floral-biodiversity-of-shekhawati--a-part-of-indian-thar-desert/naveen-kumar
Exploration and inventorying of weeds in wheat CROP OF THE DISTRIC T MALAKAN...Shujaul Mulk Khan
District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer 2014. Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was 120 and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names of each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of 132 weeds plant species belonging to 110 genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Emex spinosa (Polygonaceae) and Circium arvense (Asteraceae) are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region.
First floristic exploration of the distric torghar khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistanShujaul Mulk Khan
District Tor Ghar lies on the western most edge of the Himalayas Range of Mountains. Plant scientists have explored most parts of Pakistan but still certain regions including Tor Ghar are un-explored. Thus it is imperative to introduce region in floristic terms for the first time. The study was initiated to not only provide first inventory of vascular plants but also to evaluate floristic diversity of the region. The research area was extensively visited during flowering and fruiting seasons of plants during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names were recorded for each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimens were deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. Results of this study were arranged according to Benthum & Hooker (1862-1883) system of classification. This first exploration revealed a total of 331 vascular plant species belonging to 246 genera and 101 families. These include 12 species of Pteridophytes, 6 gymnosperms and 313 Angiosperms. The dicotyledons were represented by 79 families, 197 genera and 267 species, while monocotyledons by 14 families, 38 genera and 46 species. Families Asteraceae and Leguminosae were the richest families with 25 & 24 species followed by Poaceae (21 species), Lamiaceae (17 species) and Rosaceae (14 species). Families Ranunculaceae and Brasicaceae were represented by 10 species and Euphorbiaceae had 9 species. Moraceae, Apiaceae and Polygonaceae each had 8 species. Remaining families either included 7 or less than 7 species. It is believed that this very first check list of vascular plants of Tor Ghar District is a comprehensive picture of floristic diversity and will serve as a base line for future studies. This exploration is a part of an ongoing project in which we will explore plant communities and ecological as well as anthropogenic gradients of the regional flora in near future.
Alterations Among Few of Varhadi Flora and Fauna Against Ever-Changing, Unpre...IJREST
ABSTRACT
Alterations in the rainfall pattern, temperature and other weather conditions etc; are witnessed in the Varhad region, that has been accelerated during last 2-3 decades resulting into a dramatic paradigm shift in its climate. This has affected the cropping pattern and its adaptability, resulted into extinction of the few animal species, weather vulnerability and reform in microbial communities. As its consequence, there have been several losses in the few of local crop varieties, fauna and flora. The possible reasons for such unawareness about the climatic change in this particular region have been suggested. Overall, in this free lance commentary, few visual experiences and recordable observations of Varhadi flora and fauna against changing regional climate have been discussed.
Key words: Climate change, Varhad, weather vulnerability
Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradeshijtsrd
In the present study many plants were found to have the medicinal values and are being used to cure various ailments by the local people. The pharmaceutical industries also use this medicinal wealth in several ayurvedic preparations. The survey revealed that herb species like Boervaavia Boerhavia diffusa, Cyperus rotundus, Pendalium Pedalium murex, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somnifera are being employed in more than 50 pharmaceutical preparations. The maximum number of medicinal herbs were represented by family Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae followed by family Solanaceae and Fabaceae. In the survey of medicinal herbs enumeration, botanical name, family, local name and information about the medicinal use of plant species by the local people and pharmaceutical industries have been provided so that possibility of their cultivation may be explored for sustained supply of the authentic drug material. There are seasonal changing beds and borders are trees with medicinal properties that provide shade to delicate plants. Spring brings exuberance and the full bloom of Barlerias, summer the flowering of the Hibiscus, the monsoon Ocimum and Costus and winter a profusion of Andrographis, Bacopa, Calendula, Aloe, and Tylophora. Cerulean butterfly, bird sightings are those of the hoopoe, the green bee eater, and doves. Dr. Shyam Govind Singh "Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51836/biodiversity-of-medicinal-plants-at-river-bank-of-yamuna-agra-uttar-pradesh/dr-shyam-govind-singh
A preliminary checklist of avifauna in Hullathi Section of Ranebennur Blackbu...Open Access Research Paper
The Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary is located in Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The sanctuary is declared on 17-6-1974 as per Government of Karnataka Notification No.AFD-58-PWL-74 with an area of 119 Sq.km (30,464 acres). This sanctuary mainly concerned with the conservation of Black bucks and Great Indian Bustard. Due to habitat loss GIB are not sighting since from 1998 and the sanctuary inhabits a wide variety of fauna and flora. The entire survey was comprehensively carried out by walking along the fixed paths for documentation of avifauna. Depending on the movement and occurrence, birds were classified as resident, resident migratory, local migratory, winter migratory and summer migratory depending on the frequency of sightings, birds were classified as: common, uncommon, rare and fairly common. The present study aims to estimate the avifaunal diversity in Hullathi section 0f Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary. The study revealed the occurrence of 104 species of birds in Hullathi section respectively. Among them Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were listed in the near threatened category (IUCN, 2012). The result also showed that the agriculture land, wetland area and surrounding vegetation are favorable environmental conditions suitable for the migratory, resident as well as the threatened species of birds. These are protected under the provisions of schedule IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of study area as an important feeding, staging and wintering ground for birds.
Biodiversity and Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Traditionally used in Jhunjhu...IJLT EMAS
The main objectives of the proposed study are as follow:
1. To know prevailing plant diversity of study area and
classify the plants species into their respective
families.
2. To Study the medicinal properties of native plants
traditionally used by local people, To collect
information related to ethno medicinal aspects form
local, tribal communities and experts of Ayurved.
3. To know about the genesis of the herbal treatment
like, mode of treatment; preparation of drug; doses
and extraction of drug.
4. To study the Impact of human being on native plants.
5. To observe the eco-climatic condition of the study
area.
6. Analyses of the physico-chemical properties of soil.
Exploration and inventorying of weeds in wheat CROP OF THE DISTRIC T MALAKAN...Shujaul Mulk Khan
District Malakand lies on the northern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The landscape represents both plain and hilly regions. Various kinds of crops are grown among which wheat is cultivated on large scale. In order to explore weed species diversity in the region, a phytosociological survey was conducted in the summer 2014. Such study was required as there has been no such record of weeds diversity of the region. Different fields were selected at various localities of the district. The total number of fields selected was 120 and in each field 10, 1x1m 2 quadrats were laid. A questionnaire was also circulated to investigate about the farming practices and most dangerous species of weeds having greater effect on production and post harvest losses of wheat. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names of each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimen was deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. This study not only provided first inventory of weed plants but it also helped point out most dangerous species related to wheat yield losses. Results of this study revealed a total of 132 weeds plant species belonging to 110 genera and 42 families. Most of the species investigated were Angiosperms. Family Asteraceae was the richest family related to species diversity with 18 species and 17 genera. It is followed by Poaceae having 16 species and 16 genera. Next in succession are family Brasicaceae with 10 genera and 16 species and family Boraginaceae with 5 genera and 7 species. Other families like Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Umbilliferae have 6,6,4,5,4 and 3 species and 6,3,4,3,3 and 3 genera respectively. Species like Silybum marianum (Asteraceae), Emex spinosa (Polygonaceae) and Circium arvense (Asteraceae) are considered to be the most threatening species during the time of harvesting the crop. Further study along this line is the basic part of the on-going project which will provide a base line for the development of agricultural crops in the region.
First floristic exploration of the distric torghar khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistanShujaul Mulk Khan
District Tor Ghar lies on the western most edge of the Himalayas Range of Mountains. Plant scientists have explored most parts of Pakistan but still certain regions including Tor Ghar are un-explored. Thus it is imperative to introduce region in floristic terms for the first time. The study was initiated to not only provide first inventory of vascular plants but also to evaluate floristic diversity of the region. The research area was extensively visited during flowering and fruiting seasons of plants during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Plants were collected from various localities, voucher numbers were given to specimens and other relevant data pertaining to locality i.e., habitat, habit, family, scientific and local names were recorded for each species. Mounted copy of each voucher specimens were deposited to the Herbarium of Hazara University Mansehra. Results of this study were arranged according to Benthum & Hooker (1862-1883) system of classification. This first exploration revealed a total of 331 vascular plant species belonging to 246 genera and 101 families. These include 12 species of Pteridophytes, 6 gymnosperms and 313 Angiosperms. The dicotyledons were represented by 79 families, 197 genera and 267 species, while monocotyledons by 14 families, 38 genera and 46 species. Families Asteraceae and Leguminosae were the richest families with 25 & 24 species followed by Poaceae (21 species), Lamiaceae (17 species) and Rosaceae (14 species). Families Ranunculaceae and Brasicaceae were represented by 10 species and Euphorbiaceae had 9 species. Moraceae, Apiaceae and Polygonaceae each had 8 species. Remaining families either included 7 or less than 7 species. It is believed that this very first check list of vascular plants of Tor Ghar District is a comprehensive picture of floristic diversity and will serve as a base line for future studies. This exploration is a part of an ongoing project in which we will explore plant communities and ecological as well as anthropogenic gradients of the regional flora in near future.
Alterations Among Few of Varhadi Flora and Fauna Against Ever-Changing, Unpre...IJREST
ABSTRACT
Alterations in the rainfall pattern, temperature and other weather conditions etc; are witnessed in the Varhad region, that has been accelerated during last 2-3 decades resulting into a dramatic paradigm shift in its climate. This has affected the cropping pattern and its adaptability, resulted into extinction of the few animal species, weather vulnerability and reform in microbial communities. As its consequence, there have been several losses in the few of local crop varieties, fauna and flora. The possible reasons for such unawareness about the climatic change in this particular region have been suggested. Overall, in this free lance commentary, few visual experiences and recordable observations of Varhadi flora and fauna against changing regional climate have been discussed.
Key words: Climate change, Varhad, weather vulnerability
Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradeshijtsrd
In the present study many plants were found to have the medicinal values and are being used to cure various ailments by the local people. The pharmaceutical industries also use this medicinal wealth in several ayurvedic preparations. The survey revealed that herb species like Boervaavia Boerhavia diffusa, Cyperus rotundus, Pendalium Pedalium murex, Tribulus terrestris and Withania somnifera are being employed in more than 50 pharmaceutical preparations. The maximum number of medicinal herbs were represented by family Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae followed by family Solanaceae and Fabaceae. In the survey of medicinal herbs enumeration, botanical name, family, local name and information about the medicinal use of plant species by the local people and pharmaceutical industries have been provided so that possibility of their cultivation may be explored for sustained supply of the authentic drug material. There are seasonal changing beds and borders are trees with medicinal properties that provide shade to delicate plants. Spring brings exuberance and the full bloom of Barlerias, summer the flowering of the Hibiscus, the monsoon Ocimum and Costus and winter a profusion of Andrographis, Bacopa, Calendula, Aloe, and Tylophora. Cerulean butterfly, bird sightings are those of the hoopoe, the green bee eater, and doves. Dr. Shyam Govind Singh "Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants at River Bank of Yamuna, Agra, Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/51836/biodiversity-of-medicinal-plants-at-river-bank-of-yamuna-agra-uttar-pradesh/dr-shyam-govind-singh
A preliminary checklist of avifauna in Hullathi Section of Ranebennur Blackbu...Open Access Research Paper
The Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary is located in Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The sanctuary is declared on 17-6-1974 as per Government of Karnataka Notification No.AFD-58-PWL-74 with an area of 119 Sq.km (30,464 acres). This sanctuary mainly concerned with the conservation of Black bucks and Great Indian Bustard. Due to habitat loss GIB are not sighting since from 1998 and the sanctuary inhabits a wide variety of fauna and flora. The entire survey was comprehensively carried out by walking along the fixed paths for documentation of avifauna. Depending on the movement and occurrence, birds were classified as resident, resident migratory, local migratory, winter migratory and summer migratory depending on the frequency of sightings, birds were classified as: common, uncommon, rare and fairly common. The present study aims to estimate the avifaunal diversity in Hullathi section 0f Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary. The study revealed the occurrence of 104 species of birds in Hullathi section respectively. Among them Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were listed in the near threatened category (IUCN, 2012). The result also showed that the agriculture land, wetland area and surrounding vegetation are favorable environmental conditions suitable for the migratory, resident as well as the threatened species of birds. These are protected under the provisions of schedule IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of study area as an important feeding, staging and wintering ground for birds.
Biodiversity and Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Traditionally used in Jhunjhu...IJLT EMAS
The main objectives of the proposed study are as follow:
1. To know prevailing plant diversity of study area and
classify the plants species into their respective
families.
2. To Study the medicinal properties of native plants
traditionally used by local people, To collect
information related to ethno medicinal aspects form
local, tribal communities and experts of Ayurved.
3. To know about the genesis of the herbal treatment
like, mode of treatment; preparation of drug; doses
and extraction of drug.
4. To study the Impact of human being on native plants.
5. To observe the eco-climatic condition of the study
area.
6. Analyses of the physico-chemical properties of soil.
ABSTRACT Sakoli taluka lies in the basin of Chulbandh river and covered with dense forest and comprises agricultural fields and it is less highlighted for butterflies so the main aim of this study to show how these fields serve butterflies and prepare a checklist of that butterflies which use these fields in their various activities. Total 69 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 47 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family was dominant and consisting 25 species (36.24%); Lycaenidae 19 species (27.53%); Pieridae 13 species (18.84%); Hesperiidae 8 species (11.59%) and only 4 species (5.80%) recorded from family Papilionidae respectively. Maximum species richness reported from Monsoon and post- Monsoon season.
Key-words: Agricultural field, Species, River Seasonal diversity, Butterfly fauna
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Environmental determinants of plant associations and evaluation of the conser...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Hindu Kush is the largest mountain range of Central Asia that forms part of a vast alpine zone that stretches across the Eurasia from east towards the South Asia. We studied vegetation structure and the role of edaphic and topographic factors on distribution and formation of plant associations with specific emphais on Parrotiopsis species of the Districts Dir regions in the Hindu Kush Mountains. We also assessed the conservation status of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, an endemic species of the western Himalayan floristic province. We hypothesized that edaphic and climatic factors were responsible for the formation of different plant associations each with distinct indicators. A combination of transect and quadrat based methods were used for sampling. We used two way cluster analysis (TWCA), cluster analysis (CA), indicator species analysis, detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to analyze and elaborate the vegetation pattern and formation. We used Google Earth Path software (V 1.4.6) for the calculation of extant of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) for evaluation of conservation status of P. jacquemontiana. A total of 142 plant species were reported belonging to 62 families. CA and TWCA clustered four plant associations within altitudinal range of 1556–2313 m. Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana should be designated as endangered species under ‘EN A2acd; B1B2 bc (i, ii, iii) of IUCN red list categories and criteria in the region. We found that high phosphorous and potassium concentration, elevation, aspect, slope, lower pH, electrical conductivity and soil texture were significant environmental variables that play an important role in the determination of vegetation structure, formation of plant associations and its indicators in the region. This information will be useful for conservation and management practices for endemic and rare plant taxa, and evaluation of vegetation structure.
Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, C...YogeshIJTSRD
The present study is on floristic investigation and soil analysis of Thirtharampura reserve forest, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. It is the dry deciduous type of forest contains a rich diversity of angiosperms, here we found a total of 126 taxa of 99 genera under the 41 families from this forest. Fabaceae 15 genera and 24 species was the dominant family followed by the Rubiaceae 8 genera, 9 species , Asteraceae 7 genera, 7 species , Rutaceae 5 genera, 5 species , Malvaceae 4 genera, 5 species and Moraceae 2 genera, 6 species with the medicinal, timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible plant species. The forest is majorly covered by tree species with 60 come after shrubs 21 , herbs 10 , and climbers 9 . Some important medicinal plant species like Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azadirachta indica, croton bonplandianus, Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, Emblica Officinalis, were often these medicinal plants used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, etc. by the native peoples. The forest soil contains low content of nitrogen along with sulphur and copper but it has high content of Iron and Manganese nutrients. The forest was disturbed by firing, mining activities, and human activities. Only the tree species were withstanding against the firing activity, herbaceous species were lost along with new sprouting species due to firing activity in the forest. The Fabaceae species were more survive in this forest, because of nitrogen fixing capacity in their root system. Yatheesharadhya B | Meena H. R | Sushma G. C | Poornima M. C | Shashank A. S "Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/41221/floristic-investigation-and-soil-analysis-of-thirtharampura-reserve-forest-chikkanayakanahalli-karnataka-india/yatheesharadhya-b
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
ABSTRACT- Uttrakhand has tremendous potential for medicinal plants cultivation and in becoming one of the
important options for sustainable livelihood in the Doon valley as well as all hilly regions. Doon-valley, Uttrakhand can
take advantages of increasing demand and low availability of medicinal and aromatic plants resources in the other parts
of the country and start to grow highly valuable medicinal plants in high altitude areas. Medicinal and aromatic plants can
play an important role in the subsistence livelihood enhancement rural people, especially women through an
environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these natural products.
Key-words- Endangered plants, Medicinal flora, Indigenous use, Medicinal and aromatic plants
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...Shujaul Mulk Khan
This study quantified the effect of environmental variables on plant species composition in the Peochar Valley, located in the Hindu Raj mountains of the Hindu Kush. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. Quadrat sizes were 10 × 10 m, 2 × 5 m, and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively, determined using the minimal area method. Twenty-seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on slopes with various aspects. Density, cover, and frequency were recorded for all species in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature, and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley hosts 120 species. Presence/absence data for these species were analyzed with cluster and 2-way cluster techniques to elaborate species composition in the study area; this resulted in 4 plant communities. Species abundance and environmental data matrices were developed to evaluate the ecological gradient of vegetation through canonical correspondence analysis. Of the environmental variables, elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, soil depth, and rock type showed a significant effect on species composition and diversity. We also identified the dominant and rare plant species in each plant community based on their low importance value indexes. Conservation measures are recommended for all flora of this valley and for rare species in particular.
About 63 species belonging to 29 genera of pteridophytes have till date have been reported from Rajasthan dating from kings Sketch of flora of Rajputana 1878 79 . But an exhaustive survey of all pteridophytic localities during different seasons of the year during the past decade 1975 85 has revealed the occurrence of many species belonging different genera. Thus, Athyrium hohenockerianum, Asplenium lanulatum, Cheilanthes belangeri, Botrychium lanuginosum, Dryopteris parasitica, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Pteris cretica and Athyrium parasnathense are seen. This may be regarded as a clear indication that these taxa have recently been lost eradicated from Rajasthan due to one factor or the other. It has also been regularly observed that the population densities of many of the present day. Rajasthan pteridophytes have been decreasing at an alarming rate specially in respect to such restricted taxa as Asplenium pumilum var. hymenophylloides, Selaginella rajasthanensis, Isoetes reticulata, I. rajasthanensis and Marsilea aegyptiaca. Similarly, populations of some ferns growing at Mt. Abu like Ophioglossum gramineum, Araiostegia pseudocystopteris, Pteris vittata, Dryopteris cochleata and Nephrolepis cordifolia are also becoming thin and localised and reported as seriously rare taxa of Mt. Abu. Seriousness and severity of the threat to pteridophytic flora of this region is emphasized specially because of the scantier floristic resources of the state. Adiantum recurvatum D.Don Fras. -Jenk is a new record to the pteridophytic flora of Rajasthan. Shri Praveen Kumar Chandel "Pteridophytic Flora of Rajasthan: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49487.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/49487/pteridophytic-flora-of-rajasthan-a-review/shri-praveen-kumar-chandel
ABSTRACT- The diversity, floristic composition of medicinal plants in the two block of Rajouri was studied. A total of
25 plant species belong to 23 families were recorded Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Amerenthaceae, Polygoneaceae,
Fabaceae, Apocynaceae the all were diverse families. The present studied documented to ethanobotanical information of
25 plant species belong to 23 families were collected and identified by their vernacular and scientific name. In which 10
species ware harb, 9 were sharb, and 9 were tree out of 25 species flower of 5 plants species, roots of 4 plants species,
Leaf of 9 plants species ,Fruits of 5 plants species, seed of 3 plants species,stem and bark of 3 plant species,tuber and
aerial portion of 2 plant species respectively. The gujjar and bukkerwal tribes used all 25 species of plants to treat various
diseases.
Key-words- Ethnomedicinal plants, Traditional knowledge Gujjar-Bakerwaltribes, Rajouri
The present study was conducted in altitudinal variable hight and soil pH growing vegetation of Doon valley that the soil type found in Mussoorie is generally medium loamy but its composition, moisture, and pH generally varied from place to place. Higher silt in Mussoorie was due to higher precipitation in the form of winter snow above 1800 m. Soil temperature in Mussoorie ranged from 40C - 160C, while that of Sahastradhara and sudhowala was 15 - 190C. Soil organic matter content tended to be higher in high altitude and increased with increasing altitude. In this study, our finding observed that Soil temperature in Mussoorie ranged from 40C -160C, while that of Sahastradhara was 15 - 190C, Sudhowala 15 - 250C. Soil organic matter content tended to be higher in increase high altitudinal gradient. As per altitudinal variation and soil pH in this region dominant family of angiosperms in Garhwal Himalaya are Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Polygonaceae, Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Sexifragaceae, Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae, Apocynaceae, Rutaceae, and Rosaceae.
Key-words: Altitude, Altitudinal Factors Angiosperms, Phytodiversity, Species analysis, Vegetation Pattern, Edaphic
Significance of Floral Diversity of Ethnobotanical Importance in Indian Thar ...ijtsrd
The Thar Desert lies between 24° to 28° N latitude and 68° to 71° E longitude occupying an area of about 35126km2. Physically the desert stretches over the eastern districts of the Sindh Province. The Sindh province occupies the southeast of Pakistan, limited on the east by the Indian border of Rajasthan, in the south by Ran of Kutch and the Arabian Sea, in the west by the arid rocky mountains of Baluchistan and in the north by the irrigated plains of Punjab. About 60 of the area of Sindh Province is arid some 88,000 km2 . The arid zone of the Sindh province can further be divided into Kohistan, on the western side and Thar on the eastern side of the Indus Valley. Thar is traditionally subdivided into the Nara Thar region in the north and Parkar Thar in the south. The extreme south of the Thar Desert is the broad sandy salt marsh Rann of Kutch, whereas the western border runs along the eastern side of Nara Canal. Its entire eastern boundary is Rajasthan, India. The Thar bio region supports a fascinating and resilient vegetation, that is rooted as much in the harsh terrain as in its culture and everyday traditions. We look at the sub regions in this seemingly uniform landscape, and its wide variety of hardy desert trees, shrubs and grasses that survive and thrive in the arid climatic conditions. The prevalent flora has strong cultural and sociological connections with the communities living in the region, and this is reflected in the daily rituals, dress, religious beliefs and folklore. Mukesh Kumar Meena | Dr. J. B. Khan "Significance of Floral Diversity of Ethnobotanical Importance in Indian Thar Desert" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49504.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/49504/significance-of-floral-diversity-of-ethnobotanical-importance-in-indian-thar-desert/mukesh-kumar-meena
ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON THE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE NARAN VALLEY IN THE ...Shujaul Mulk Khan
People derive many essential goods from plant resources, including food, medicines and fodder. However, the link between biodiversity and ecosystem services and their role in the support of human well-being is often poorly understood. Mountain ecosystems support a high biological diversity including rare and endangered plant species. They also provide a home to some 12% of the world's human population, who use their traditional ecological knowledge to utilise local natural resources. The Himalayas are the world's youngest and largest mountain range that supports a high plant biodiversity and hence provides many ecosystem services. Due to remote location, harsh climate, rough terrain and topography, many areas in the Himalayas have been still poorly known for their vegetation ecosystem services. The people in the Naran Valley, in the western Himalayas, depend upon local plant resources for a range of services and goods, from grazing for livestock to use of medicinal plants. During this study abundance and uses of each species were computed using computational ecology; principal components analysis (PCA) and response curves (RC) using CANOCO. The analyses showed an increasing trend of grazing, but with a decrease in fodder availability, with altitude increase in the valley. The assessment of such ecosystem services may assist in developing conservation strategies, especially for endangered mountain ecosystems.
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop
Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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ABSTRACT Sakoli taluka lies in the basin of Chulbandh river and covered with dense forest and comprises agricultural fields and it is less highlighted for butterflies so the main aim of this study to show how these fields serve butterflies and prepare a checklist of that butterflies which use these fields in their various activities. Total 69 species of butterflies were recorded belonging to 47 genera and 5 families. Nymphalidae family was dominant and consisting 25 species (36.24%); Lycaenidae 19 species (27.53%); Pieridae 13 species (18.84%); Hesperiidae 8 species (11.59%) and only 4 species (5.80%) recorded from family Papilionidae respectively. Maximum species richness reported from Monsoon and post- Monsoon season.
Key-words: Agricultural field, Species, River Seasonal diversity, Butterfly fauna
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All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Environmental determinants of plant associations and evaluation of the conser...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Hindu Kush is the largest mountain range of Central Asia that forms part of a vast alpine zone that stretches across the Eurasia from east towards the South Asia. We studied vegetation structure and the role of edaphic and topographic factors on distribution and formation of plant associations with specific emphais on Parrotiopsis species of the Districts Dir regions in the Hindu Kush Mountains. We also assessed the conservation status of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, an endemic species of the western Himalayan floristic province. We hypothesized that edaphic and climatic factors were responsible for the formation of different plant associations each with distinct indicators. A combination of transect and quadrat based methods were used for sampling. We used two way cluster analysis (TWCA), cluster analysis (CA), indicator species analysis, detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to analyze and elaborate the vegetation pattern and formation. We used Google Earth Path software (V 1.4.6) for the calculation of extant of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) for evaluation of conservation status of P. jacquemontiana. A total of 142 plant species were reported belonging to 62 families. CA and TWCA clustered four plant associations within altitudinal range of 1556–2313 m. Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana should be designated as endangered species under ‘EN A2acd; B1B2 bc (i, ii, iii) of IUCN red list categories and criteria in the region. We found that high phosphorous and potassium concentration, elevation, aspect, slope, lower pH, electrical conductivity and soil texture were significant environmental variables that play an important role in the determination of vegetation structure, formation of plant associations and its indicators in the region. This information will be useful for conservation and management practices for endemic and rare plant taxa, and evaluation of vegetation structure.
Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, C...YogeshIJTSRD
The present study is on floristic investigation and soil analysis of Thirtharampura reserve forest, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. It is the dry deciduous type of forest contains a rich diversity of angiosperms, here we found a total of 126 taxa of 99 genera under the 41 families from this forest. Fabaceae 15 genera and 24 species was the dominant family followed by the Rubiaceae 8 genera, 9 species , Asteraceae 7 genera, 7 species , Rutaceae 5 genera, 5 species , Malvaceae 4 genera, 5 species and Moraceae 2 genera, 6 species with the medicinal, timber yielding, ornamental and wild edible plant species. The forest is majorly covered by tree species with 60 come after shrubs 21 , herbs 10 , and climbers 9 . Some important medicinal plant species like Erythroxylummonogynum, Hemidesmus indicus, Rhinacanthusnasutus, Azadirachta indica, croton bonplandianus, Diosporusmontana, Echinopsechinatus, Emblica Officinalis, were often these medicinal plants used for the treatment of pain, wounds, cuts, and fractures, etc. by the native peoples. The forest soil contains low content of nitrogen along with sulphur and copper but it has high content of Iron and Manganese nutrients. The forest was disturbed by firing, mining activities, and human activities. Only the tree species were withstanding against the firing activity, herbaceous species were lost along with new sprouting species due to firing activity in the forest. The Fabaceae species were more survive in this forest, because of nitrogen fixing capacity in their root system. Yatheesharadhya B | Meena H. R | Sushma G. C | Poornima M. C | Shashank A. S "Floristic Investigation and Soil Analysis of Thirtharampura Reserve Forest, Chikkanayakanahalli, Karnataka, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/botany/41221/floristic-investigation-and-soil-analysis-of-thirtharampura-reserve-forest-chikkanayakanahalli-karnataka-india/yatheesharadhya-b
Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradeshijtsrd
The present study reveals that horticultural crops i.e. mango, guava, banana, pineapple, etc. in remote agency area of Andhra Pradesh state, productivity of horticulture helps to reduce an extensive deforestation. The qualitative data collected from 45 key informants both sexes belonging to tribal population of the Kurnool, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. For data collection, observation and interview methods employed. Appalanaidu Pappala "Productivity of Horticulture in Remote Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20253.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/20253/productivity-of-horticulture-in-remote-tribal-areas-of-andhra-pradesh/appalanaidu-pappala
ABSTRACT- Uttrakhand has tremendous potential for medicinal plants cultivation and in becoming one of the
important options for sustainable livelihood in the Doon valley as well as all hilly regions. Doon-valley, Uttrakhand can
take advantages of increasing demand and low availability of medicinal and aromatic plants resources in the other parts
of the country and start to grow highly valuable medicinal plants in high altitude areas. Medicinal and aromatic plants can
play an important role in the subsistence livelihood enhancement rural people, especially women through an
environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these natural products.
Key-words- Endangered plants, Medicinal flora, Indigenous use, Medicinal and aromatic plants
Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...Shujaul Mulk Khan
This study quantified the effect of environmental variables on plant species composition in the Peochar Valley, located in the Hindu Raj mountains of the Hindu Kush. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. Quadrat sizes were 10 × 10 m, 2 × 5 m, and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively, determined using the minimal area method. Twenty-seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on slopes with various aspects. Density, cover, and frequency were recorded for all species in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature, and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley hosts 120 species. Presence/absence data for these species were analyzed with cluster and 2-way cluster techniques to elaborate species composition in the study area; this resulted in 4 plant communities. Species abundance and environmental data matrices were developed to evaluate the ecological gradient of vegetation through canonical correspondence analysis. Of the environmental variables, elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, soil depth, and rock type showed a significant effect on species composition and diversity. We also identified the dominant and rare plant species in each plant community based on their low importance value indexes. Conservation measures are recommended for all flora of this valley and for rare species in particular.
About 63 species belonging to 29 genera of pteridophytes have till date have been reported from Rajasthan dating from kings Sketch of flora of Rajputana 1878 79 . But an exhaustive survey of all pteridophytic localities during different seasons of the year during the past decade 1975 85 has revealed the occurrence of many species belonging different genera. Thus, Athyrium hohenockerianum, Asplenium lanulatum, Cheilanthes belangeri, Botrychium lanuginosum, Dryopteris parasitica, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Pteris cretica and Athyrium parasnathense are seen. This may be regarded as a clear indication that these taxa have recently been lost eradicated from Rajasthan due to one factor or the other. It has also been regularly observed that the population densities of many of the present day. Rajasthan pteridophytes have been decreasing at an alarming rate specially in respect to such restricted taxa as Asplenium pumilum var. hymenophylloides, Selaginella rajasthanensis, Isoetes reticulata, I. rajasthanensis and Marsilea aegyptiaca. Similarly, populations of some ferns growing at Mt. Abu like Ophioglossum gramineum, Araiostegia pseudocystopteris, Pteris vittata, Dryopteris cochleata and Nephrolepis cordifolia are also becoming thin and localised and reported as seriously rare taxa of Mt. Abu. Seriousness and severity of the threat to pteridophytic flora of this region is emphasized specially because of the scantier floristic resources of the state. Adiantum recurvatum D.Don Fras. -Jenk is a new record to the pteridophytic flora of Rajasthan. Shri Praveen Kumar Chandel "Pteridophytic Flora of Rajasthan: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49487.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/49487/pteridophytic-flora-of-rajasthan-a-review/shri-praveen-kumar-chandel
ABSTRACT- The diversity, floristic composition of medicinal plants in the two block of Rajouri was studied. A total of
25 plant species belong to 23 families were recorded Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Amerenthaceae, Polygoneaceae,
Fabaceae, Apocynaceae the all were diverse families. The present studied documented to ethanobotanical information of
25 plant species belong to 23 families were collected and identified by their vernacular and scientific name. In which 10
species ware harb, 9 were sharb, and 9 were tree out of 25 species flower of 5 plants species, roots of 4 plants species,
Leaf of 9 plants species ,Fruits of 5 plants species, seed of 3 plants species,stem and bark of 3 plant species,tuber and
aerial portion of 2 plant species respectively. The gujjar and bukkerwal tribes used all 25 species of plants to treat various
diseases.
Key-words- Ethnomedicinal plants, Traditional knowledge Gujjar-Bakerwaltribes, Rajouri
The present study was conducted in altitudinal variable hight and soil pH growing vegetation of Doon valley that the soil type found in Mussoorie is generally medium loamy but its composition, moisture, and pH generally varied from place to place. Higher silt in Mussoorie was due to higher precipitation in the form of winter snow above 1800 m. Soil temperature in Mussoorie ranged from 40C - 160C, while that of Sahastradhara and sudhowala was 15 - 190C. Soil organic matter content tended to be higher in high altitude and increased with increasing altitude. In this study, our finding observed that Soil temperature in Mussoorie ranged from 40C -160C, while that of Sahastradhara was 15 - 190C, Sudhowala 15 - 250C. Soil organic matter content tended to be higher in increase high altitudinal gradient. As per altitudinal variation and soil pH in this region dominant family of angiosperms in Garhwal Himalaya are Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Polygonaceae, Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Sexifragaceae, Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae, Apocynaceae, Rutaceae, and Rosaceae.
Key-words: Altitude, Altitudinal Factors Angiosperms, Phytodiversity, Species analysis, Vegetation Pattern, Edaphic
Significance of Floral Diversity of Ethnobotanical Importance in Indian Thar ...ijtsrd
The Thar Desert lies between 24° to 28° N latitude and 68° to 71° E longitude occupying an area of about 35126km2. Physically the desert stretches over the eastern districts of the Sindh Province. The Sindh province occupies the southeast of Pakistan, limited on the east by the Indian border of Rajasthan, in the south by Ran of Kutch and the Arabian Sea, in the west by the arid rocky mountains of Baluchistan and in the north by the irrigated plains of Punjab. About 60 of the area of Sindh Province is arid some 88,000 km2 . The arid zone of the Sindh province can further be divided into Kohistan, on the western side and Thar on the eastern side of the Indus Valley. Thar is traditionally subdivided into the Nara Thar region in the north and Parkar Thar in the south. The extreme south of the Thar Desert is the broad sandy salt marsh Rann of Kutch, whereas the western border runs along the eastern side of Nara Canal. Its entire eastern boundary is Rajasthan, India. The Thar bio region supports a fascinating and resilient vegetation, that is rooted as much in the harsh terrain as in its culture and everyday traditions. We look at the sub regions in this seemingly uniform landscape, and its wide variety of hardy desert trees, shrubs and grasses that survive and thrive in the arid climatic conditions. The prevalent flora has strong cultural and sociological connections with the communities living in the region, and this is reflected in the daily rituals, dress, religious beliefs and folklore. Mukesh Kumar Meena | Dr. J. B. Khan "Significance of Floral Diversity of Ethnobotanical Importance in Indian Thar Desert" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49504.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/49504/significance-of-floral-diversity-of-ethnobotanical-importance-in-indian-thar-desert/mukesh-kumar-meena
ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON THE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE NARAN VALLEY IN THE ...Shujaul Mulk Khan
People derive many essential goods from plant resources, including food, medicines and fodder. However, the link between biodiversity and ecosystem services and their role in the support of human well-being is often poorly understood. Mountain ecosystems support a high biological diversity including rare and endangered plant species. They also provide a home to some 12% of the world's human population, who use their traditional ecological knowledge to utilise local natural resources. The Himalayas are the world's youngest and largest mountain range that supports a high plant biodiversity and hence provides many ecosystem services. Due to remote location, harsh climate, rough terrain and topography, many areas in the Himalayas have been still poorly known for their vegetation ecosystem services. The people in the Naran Valley, in the western Himalayas, depend upon local plant resources for a range of services and goods, from grazing for livestock to use of medicinal plants. During this study abundance and uses of each species were computed using computational ecology; principal components analysis (PCA) and response curves (RC) using CANOCO. The analyses showed an increasing trend of grazing, but with a decrease in fodder availability, with altitude increase in the valley. The assessment of such ecosystem services may assist in developing conservation strategies, especially for endangered mountain ecosystems.
INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...Shujaul Mulk Khan
Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop
Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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diversity. Changing floral composition will definitely
affect the faunal composition of the region. Many
mesic species of small mammals are expanding their
distribution towards the the Thar. Millet and sorghum
are the most important grain staples grown in the
Upper East and Upper West regions, and maize,
millet, and sorghum are important staples in the
Northern Region (Dietz et al., 2004; Gyasi et al.,
2008). Yam is an important food crop in the Northern
and Upper. West regions (EPA, 2008). Of these
crops, millet is the least risky with regard to
climateinduced fluctuations in yield followed closely
by sorghum and maize, making all of them important
for food security. Rice and cotton have much wider
variation in productivity year to year. Some farmers
also grow vegetables in gardens and irrigated plots
during the dry season. Northern Ghana is the most
important part of the country for livestock production,
giving it an advantage over the south in this regard.
Cattle, goats, sheep, chicken, guinea fowl, and pigs
are the main animals raised (Dietz et al. 2004,
Hesselburg and Yarro 2006). For some agriculturally-
dependent communities in the Upper East and Upper
West regions, household food security relies more on
livestock than on farming (Dietz et al., 2004;
Hesselburg and Yarro, 2006; Van der Geest, 2004).
The area under research work was studied by
following botanists and time to time viz; first of all
the Sekhawati region was touched from vegetational
study point of view by Mulay and Ratnam (1950),
Bikaner and pilani neighbourhood areas by joshi
(1956 and 1958), vegetation of chirawa by Nair
(1956), again Nair and Joshi for Pilani and
neighbourhood areas (1957), vegetation of harsh nath
in aravalli's hills was studied by Nair and Nathawat
(1957), vegetation of Jhunjhunu, Manderella and
neighbourhood by Nair (1961), vegetation of ajit
sagar dam by Nair and Kanodia (1959); Nair,
Kandodia and Thomas (1961) studied the vegetation
of Khetri town and neghbourhood areas and
vegetation of Lohargal and it's neighbourhood areas
of Sikar district by Nair and Malhotra (1961). After
the work of Nair and Malhotra (1961), i.e. four
decades ago. the area was again left for any sort of
further research work in the field of applied Botany.
A significant, very authentic taxonomic work was
contributed in the field of botany by Bhandari with
the publcation of a book Flora of the Indian desert
(1990). From the field of applied phytogeography
point of view. Charan gave a valuable contribution
with a publication of a book on Plant Geography
(1992). Bhattacharjee (2000) gave a very valuable
autheontic contribution through the publication of a
book on Handbook of Medicinal Plants in which he
presented the medicinal plants of Indian Sub-
continental back ground with their coloured
photographs also and Sharma (2007) gave a very
valuable autheontic contribution through the
publication of a book on Medical Plant Geography.
Study Area
Fatehpur is a charming town situated in the Sikar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is a part of the
culturally rich Shekhawati region and is conveniently located on National Highway 52, halfway between Jaipur
and Bikaner. The town is well-known for its grand havelis (large mansions) that feature intricate frescoes,
serving as significant architectural structures of the Shekhawati region). The Fatehpur Beed forest block,
covering an area of about 3796.2 hectares, provides a beautiful natural backdrop to the town. Ramgarh
Shekhawati, another town in the Sikar district, is also a part of this region and is located at 23.92° North and
73.95° East, with an average elevation of 306 meters (396 feet).
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Phytochemical Analysis
Division of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute Durgapura,Jaipur-302018
No/Chem/20122/ Dated: 05- 12- 2022
Soil Analysis Report (August- Rainy Season-2020)
S. N. Name of sample Ec(dS/m) pH
O. C. (%)
L <.0.5%
M- .5 to .75
H > .75
N(Kg/ha)
L <280
M 280-560
H > 560
P2O5
(Kg/ha)
L <23
M-23-56
H > 56
WHC
(%)
Alkalinity
1. Site I Fatehpur (Surface) 0.43 8.93 0.21 122 22.59 26.64 Alkali
2. Site I Fatehpur (Depth) 0.63 8.45 0.24 168 31.26 31.50 Saline
3. Site II Fatehpur (Surface) 0.71 8.11 0.11 58 18.36 26.76 Saline
4. Site II Fatehpur (Depth) 0.98 8.86 0.13 61 15.43 36.80 Alkali
5. Site III Fatehpur (Surface) 0.42 8.45 0.36 176 36.24 31.26 Saline
6. Site III Fatehpur (Depth) 0.40 8.42 0.10 77 18.38 26.65 Saline
7. Site III Fatehpur (Surface) 0.47 8.62 0.15 95 22.56 22.63 Alkali
8. Site III Fatehpur (Depth) 0.71 8.38 0.27 136 23.98 28.56 Saline
Floral Biodiversity
Acacia senegal
Aerva persica (3)
Boerhavia diffusa
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
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Calotropis procera
Capparis decidua
Datura stramonium
Ephedra foliate on Acacia senegal
Pedalium murex
Prosopis cineraria
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Salvadora persica
Solanum indicum
Solanum surattense
Tephrosia pupuria
Ziziphus mauritiana
DISCUSSION
The Shekhawati region of Indian Thar desert, located
in the ′ 02° to 29′24°north-east part of Rajasthan lies
in between 27 E longitude at a height of about′ 5° to
76′4°N latitude and 73 320 meters from sea level. The
region covers an area of 27,529.44 sq km and
connects with the boundaries of Hanumangarh district
in north, Hissar in north-east, Bhiwani, Rohtak and
Mahendragarh districts of Haryana in south-east,
Jaipur and Nagaur in south and with Bikaner district
in west. Not much work has been carried out on
survey of existing mammalian species in Shekhawati
region of Thar desert. Though, Chakraborthy et al.
(2005) [18] made a districtwise survey on mammalian
diversity of Thar desert. Present study is largely based
on our observations in the field during recent times.
For this, the area was divided into three parts based
on its ecophysiological characters viz 1. Middle-
eastern part of the Shekhawati region - Plain
agricultural area 2. Southern-eastern part of the
Shekhawati region - Arawali mountainary range, its
foothill site and small hillocky areas. 3. Northwestern
part of the Shekhawati region – Thar desertic area.
The Mammals of the region were monitored all the
year round, during all the seasons. During study
period minimum one site was visited per month to
record the mammals and their related parameters.
Total 84 sites were visited in the study area. During
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field survey of mammalian species both direct and
indirect methods were used. Following methods were
applied: The Shekhawati region of Indian Thar desert,
located in the North-East part of Rajasthan lies in
between 27 24 to 29 02 N latitude and 73 4 to 76 5 E
longitude at a height of about 320 meters from sea
level. The region covers an area of 27,529.44 sq km
and connects with the boundaries of Hanumangarh
district in north, Hissar in north-east, Bhiwani,
Rohtak and Mahendragarh districts of Haryana in
southeast, Jaipur and Nagaur in south and with
Bikaner district in West. Cross winds, dust and sand
storms are common in the area which results in
annual changes in the topography of the sandy
habitats (Joshi and Sharma, 1964). Drought and
famines are very common, but climatically the area is
not a true desert (Stein, 1942). During the study
period extensive survey work was conducted in
different villages of Shekhawati region. Animals were
followed for regular observation and protocols were
recorded for scan and adlibitum sampling (Altman,
1974). The observation carried out by the aid of
10x50 binoculars and data was supported with
photography using Nikon P510 42 X zoom.
As the nature of the research work, it becomes the
prime most duty of a phytogeographer to trace out to
identify the plants and than their geographic
interpretation from their origin point of view, their
cartographic presentation from spatial distribution
point of view and lastly also to prepare their layout
planning map for on going plantation programme at
least for the applied plant species for the area under
study. Naturally, the present study will cover the
present position of phytogeographic pattern of spatial
distribution of applied plant species, so a
phytogeographer can propose their allocation of sites
of coinciding habitats from their conservation point of
view for the welfare of future generation of the area
under study. we can conserve those plant species
which have their appled values for the welfare of
human beings inhabiting in that particular area or the
area under study. for this purpose, a phytogeographer
has to give an account of the layout maps of that area
under study which covers the allocation of the sites
with favourable habitats according the nature of the
existing applied plant species for the area under
investigation. 6. Methodology : The present study has
been substantiated by extensive field work. The
essential data have been collected from a wide range
of sources. The remote sensing available data have
been used. Survey of India topo-sheets for the entire
region and a bioclimatic map, have been used as base
maps. Additionally, data from reports, maps,
pamphlets, research papers, books, monographs, soil
survey data, forest survey data from published and
unpublished materials have been collected from
different agencies. After examining the remote
sensing and other data related to physical (climate,
soil, land forms and water) biological (flora and
fauna) and social (population dynamics, economic
activities land use and productivity) indicators, a few
survey sites were located. The sites were visited
during field survey. To illustrate the frequency of
distribution of particular plant species the prescribed
method of Raunkier's will be exercised to show
whether the particular plant species is rare, frequent,
common or abundant for the area under investigation.
The nature of habitats and the eco-climatic conditions
will be dealt as a part and portion of the study to
support the phytoclimatic account of the research
problem for the area under study. From
phytogeographic study point of view, a cartographic
interpretation of the multi-purpose plant species will
be dealt at two levels i.e. at macro-level and at
microlevel, basically it may be dealt phytogeographic
sense.
OBSERVATIONS
BOTANICAL NAME : Adhatoda vasica LOCAL
NAME : Arusa, Ardoo, Ardusa (Plate : 1.1).
(A)VEGETATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS : The
plant belongs to the family - Acanthaceae. From
vegetational group point of view, the plant belongs to
the group of “Tree”, it is a medium sized tree, in
nature some times it is also observed in the form of
shrub. It is tall, much branched (branches are terete)
and mostly evergreen tree. The leaves of the plant are
lanceolate, large and dark green in colour. From leaf-
class classification point of view the plant falls in
‘Micro-phylls’ class (i.e. 12 to 20 cm. long and 2.5 to
0.5 cm in width). The leaves have some characteristic
odour and bitter in taste. Leaves margins are crenate
and apex is acuminate with glabrous surface and
smooth texture. From life-forms point of view, the
plant falls in the group of “microphanerophytes”. It’s
flowers are dense and white in colour with purplish
markings. It’s fruit’s are capsular
B) ECO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND
HABITAT : The plant has favourable annual average
rainfall condition in between 40 cm. to 150 cm.. From
temperatures variation point of view-it’s favourable
range lies in between 10o c mean monthly minimum
to 40o c mean monthly maximum, respectively. The
plant needs good moisture conditions, dry winds are
harmful for it’s growth and development. Plant’s
favourable habitats are sandy plains, gravel formation
with compact soil, and also some times the rocky
places. Thus, it is observed frequently in semi-arid
climate, it is quite common in sub-humid climate and
humid climate. It’s plantation is very common on
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both sides of routes of roads at may places, it is also
observed frequent to common on the places which fall
under waste - lands in Shekhawati region.
(C) PHYTO-CHEMICALS OF PARTS AND
PORTION : The leaves contain very small amount of
essential oil and qinazolin alkaloids (0.5 to 1%) such
as vasicine and vasicinone. The roots as well as bark
of the plant is also found to contain alkaloids, in
addition to the alkaloides, it contains, yellow
colouring matter and vasakin a non-nitrogenous
crystalline substance. The plant’s phyto-chemicals are
also studied by Kanwal et al. In 1983 on seasonal
variation of alkaloids.
(D) MEDICINAL APPLIED ASPECT : The plant
has some significant medicinal applied aspect in the
cure of some disease viz; in Asthma, in Bronchitis, in
Cough, normal Fever, Pneumonia, Orthodex as a
native medicine. The plants parts are boiled in water
and used for bath in the treatment of body
inflammation and bodyache. The leaves decoction is
administered in cough and chronic bronchitis. Thus, it
is used as an expactorant, bronchodilator and as mild
bronchial antispasmodic, vesicine is reported to
possess oxytocic action. Vasicine is reported to be
bronchoconstrictor, whereas it’s autooxidised from
vasicinone is a bronchodilator.
PHYTO-GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
Adhatoda vasica
A. At Global Level : At global level, the plant is
native to Oriental floristic region by covering
following countries in the world - Ceylon, Burma,
Malaysia, and throughout India. In India, it is
commonly found in Chhindwara district of Madhya
pradesh, at Chhindi and Chimtipur and also occurs
throughout the plain and sub-mountaneous regions.
B. At Regional Level : As shown in figure that the
plant has rare phytogeographic pattern of distribution
in Rajgarh and Taranagar tehsils of Churu district.
Besides this, the plant has rare distribution in the
areas under hilly patches of Shekhawati region. Churu
tehsil of Churu district; Fatehpur, Lachhmangarh,
Sikar tehsils of Sikar district i.e. western portion of
Sikar district, and most of the tehsil of Jhunhunu and
Chirawa, Buhana tehsil and Nawalgarh tehsil of
Jhunjhunu district it shows common occurrence,
respectively. Whereas the plant shows frequent
occurrence of phytogeographic pattern of distribution
in the eastern parts tehsils of Sikar district, and most
of the parts and portion of south-easternly located
tehsils of Jhunjhunu district i.e. Khetri and
Udaipurwati, respectively. No where an study area it
was observed as an abundant locality, thus, no pure
association of this plant was observed; although on
road side plantation, the plant shows it’s frequent
occurrence at many places of Shekhawati region. The
plant also shows no occurrence on the top of sand
dunes habitat as well as on hilly habitat.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Owing to strong variation in climatic, edaphic,
physiographic, topographic and geological
characteristic, the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan
shows a wide diversity of habitats. The fauna and
flora found in the study area has highly desertic
adaptations and are not evenly and densely spread on
the land of study area. Climatic conditions of a region
have a great deal to do with the increasing population
and distribution of fauna and flora. It is the area of
good numbers of animals, trees species and different
habitats, mapping it a unique ecological zone (Singh,
2007). The area can be classified into Sub-humid
region based on climatologically data and the
occurrence of reptiles. Animals: The region is a haven
for 120 species of migratory and resident birds of the
desert. One can see eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards,
kestrel and vultures. Shourt-toed Eagles (Circaetus
gallicus), Tawny Eagles (Aquila rapax), Greater
Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga), Laggar Falcons
(Falco jugger) and kestrels. A total of 130 species
belongs to 92 Genus, 33 Families and 15 orders were
identified during the study period (Dubey and
Shyoran, 2011). Natural vegetation i.e. Adhatoda
vasica degradation is taking place in shekhawati
region through irregular rainfall, public interfere,
wind erosion, water erosion, high temperature, storms
and soil erosion. These processes have been
accelerated by increasing technologenic and human
activities it has resulted in the degradation of
Adhatoda vasica of the region due to in irregular
rainfall and wind erosion and high temperature are
more serious and widespread. Overgrazing and
indiscriminate felling of under shrubs resuted in the
degradation of vegetation cover and decrease in
biomass production. In case these problems continue
uncontrolled, large acreage of forest area will be
affected in future. The results suggest to take up
immediate steps to adopt the improved forest
management technologies with people’s participation
to lack of effects of decreasement of natural
vegetation in the region but it is not possible to
conserve completely. Further the results of the study
could be fruitfully utilized by the planners bio-
scientists, botanists, phytogeoraphers, naturalists and
policy makers to evolve suitable forest managment
technologies and strategies commensurate to the bio-
conditions of the region.
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