Impact of discharge on the channel pattern and dynamics of the Yellow River

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Results of a research project to estimate the impact of flushing and discharge rerouting of discharge from the Yangtze to the Yellow River.

Science

Impact of peak discharge increase
on the channel pattern and
dynamics of the Yellow River
Filip Schuurman
2 November 2016

26 mei 2016
The Yellow River
(Huang He)
6th Longest river in the
World (5500 km)
Large social, economic and
geographical value
Dynamic river
2

26 mei 2016
Water stress in the Yellow River basin
3

26 mei 20164
Water stress in the Yellow River basin

26 mei 2016
Hydropower dams and basins
5

26 mei 20166
Impact of a.o. hydropower dams

26 mei 2016
South-North Water Transfer project
Sedimentation in the hydropower reservoirs
Water shortage, despite water storage in hydropower
reservoirs
Water transfer from wet Yangzte River basin to dry Yellow
River basin
7

26 mei 2016
Research question:
How does the higher discharge affect
the channel pattern and morphodynamics
in the Yellow River?
8

26 mei 2016
Methods
System analysis:
Field data
Satellite photography
Computer simulations:
Hydrodynamics + sediment transport + morphology
Calibration + validation: 1999 - 2014
Prediction future: 2015 - 2040
9

26 mei 2016
Settings
Curvilinear, structured grid
2D depth-averaged
Grid resolution sufficient to capture bars
Annual hydrograph based on expected discharge
regulation scheme
Sediment inflow equal to local transport capacity
Fine sediment (0.11 mm)
Engelund-Hansen
Variable morphological factor
10

26 mei 2016
Study reaches
Two study reaches of about 50 km:
Braiding
Meandering
12
Braiding reach Meandering reach

26 mei 2016
However…
First results give static channels with only
morphodynamics in first years
Dry-wet bank erosion mechanism is
insufficient
Similar to earlier studies
(e.g. Schuurman et al., 2013)
14

26 mei 2016
Bank erosion in Delft3D
Dry-wet bank erosion mechanism at maximum
Boost of bank erosion by:
Strong spiral flow (Espir = 2)
Strong transverse bed slope effect (alpha = 0.2)
15

26 mei 2016
Result: Braiding reach: 2000 m³/s

26 mei 2016
Result: Braiding reach: 4000 m³/s

26 mei 201619
Result: Meandering reach: 2000 m³/s

26 mei 2016
Result: Bend cutoffs in meandering reach
20

26 mei 2016
Result: Effect on sedimentation and erosion
22

26 mei 2016
Sensitivity: Bed slope parameter
23

26 mei 2016
Sensitivity: Spiral flow parameterization
24

26 mei 2016
Summary
25
Higher (peak) discharge had large effect on the
river pattern:
Higher braiding intensity
Transformation from meandering to braiding
Severe sedimentation on the floodplains
Without mitigation measures, the transfer of
water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River
is expected to have large economic and social
impacts
Modelling of channel dynamics required a ‘trick’
for bank erosion, which worked well

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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young

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The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the ‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space, because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago. We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data 1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’ did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.

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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

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yqqaatn0

原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

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vluwdy49

学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...

Sérgio Sacani

Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars. Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun. Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically, the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software. Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2 s −1 . The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.

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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus, high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology, and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.

Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...

Leonel Morgado

Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.

Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...

Travis Hills MN

Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.

ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx

PRIYANKA PATEL

With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.

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Impact of discharge on the channel pattern and dynamics of the Yellow River

1. Impact of peak discharge increase on the channel pattern and dynamics of the Yellow River Filip Schuurman 2 November 2016

2. 26 mei 2016 The Yellow River (Huang He) 6th Longest river in the World (5500 km) Large social, economic and geographical value Dynamic river 2

3. 26 mei 2016 Water stress in the Yellow River basin 3

4. 26 mei 20164 Water stress in the Yellow River basin

5. 26 mei 2016 Hydropower dams and basins 5

6. 26 mei 20166 Impact of a.o. hydropower dams

7. 26 mei 2016 South-North Water Transfer project Sedimentation in the hydropower reservoirs Water shortage, despite water storage in hydropower reservoirs Water transfer from wet Yangzte River basin to dry Yellow River basin 7

8. 26 mei 2016 Research question: How does the higher discharge affect the channel pattern and morphodynamics in the Yellow River? 8

9. 26 mei 2016 Methods System analysis: Field data Satellite photography Computer simulations: Hydrodynamics + sediment transport + morphology Calibration + validation: 1999 - 2014 Prediction future: 2015 - 2040 9

10. 26 mei 2016 Settings Curvilinear, structured grid 2D depth-averaged Grid resolution sufficient to capture bars Annual hydrograph based on expected discharge regulation scheme Sediment inflow equal to local transport capacity Fine sediment (0.11 mm) Engelund-Hansen Variable morphological factor 10

11. 26 mei 2016 Morphological factor 11

12. 26 mei 2016 Study reaches Two study reaches of about 50 km: Braiding Meandering 12 Braiding reach Meandering reach

13. 26 mei 201613

14. 26 mei 2016 However… First results give static channels with only morphodynamics in first years Dry-wet bank erosion mechanism is insufficient Similar to earlier studies (e.g. Schuurman et al., 2013) 14

15. 26 mei 2016 Bank erosion in Delft3D Dry-wet bank erosion mechanism at maximum Boost of bank erosion by: Strong spiral flow (Espir = 2) Strong transverse bed slope effect (alpha = 0.2) 15

16. 26 mei 2016 Result: Braiding reach: 2000 m³/s

17. 26 mei 2016 Result: Braiding reach: 4000 m³/s

18. 26 mei 201618

19. 26 mei 201619 Result: Meandering reach: 2000 m³/s

20. 26 mei 2016 Result: Bend cutoffs in meandering reach 20

21. 26 mei 2016 Result: Meandering reach 21

22. 26 mei 2016 Result: Effect on sedimentation and erosion 22

23. 26 mei 2016 Sensitivity: Bed slope parameter 23

24. 26 mei 2016 Sensitivity: Spiral flow parameterization 24

25. 26 mei 2016 Summary 25 Higher (peak) discharge had large effect on the river pattern: Higher braiding intensity Transformation from meandering to braiding Severe sedimentation on the floodplains Without mitigation measures, the transfer of water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River is expected to have large economic and social impacts Modelling of channel dynamics required a ‘trick’ for bank erosion, which worked well

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