From JavaZone 2014 Video: https://vimeo.com/105851488 Abstract: App deployment and server setup are complex, error-prone and time-consuming. They require OS installers, package managers, configuration recipes, install and deployment scripts, server tuning, hardening and more. But... Is this really necessary? Are we trapped in a mindset of doing things this way just because that's how they've always done? What if we could start over and radically simplify all this? What if, within seconds, and with a single command, we could wrap our application into the bare minimal machine required to run it? What if this machine could then be transported and run unchanged on our laptop and in the cloud? How do the various tools like Docker and Boxfuse fit into this picture? What are their strengths and weaknesses? When should you use them? This talk is for developers and architects wishing to radically improve and simplify how they deploy their applications. It takes Continuous Delivery to a level far beyond what you've seen today. Welcome to Immutable Server generation. This is the new black.

1. Immutable Server Generation
The New App Deployment
AXEL FONTAINE
@axelfontaine
axel@boxfuse.com

2. flywaydb.org

3. boxfuse.com

4. about
questions

5. what do we want
when it comes to releasing software ?

6. Speed
Quality
final product match of both
functional and non-functional
requirements
wall clock time between
requirement and go live

7. Quality
Speed

8. Requirements
Tools & Processes

9. how to ensure quality at speed ?

10. http://www.flickr.com/photos/fordapa/3886403372/in/set-72157622110280353/
automation

11. POLL:
which level of automation are you at?
• Build
• Unit Tests
• Continuous Integration
• Acceptance Tests
• Continuous Deployment (Code)
• Continuous Deployment (Code + DB + Configuration)
• Infrastructure

12. Build Test

13. Build Test

14. • One immutable unit
• Regenerated after every change
• Promoted from Environment to Environment
Classic Mistake: Build per Environment

15. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

16. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

17. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

18. why aren’t we doing the same
for the server this is running on ???

19. what could possibly go wrong
in the other layers ???

20. missing software

21. wrong name

22. bad version

23. incorrect permissions

24. http://www.flickr.com/photos/travelinlibrarian/2409633653/sizes/l/
critical resource in use

25. what aren’t we holding our servers to the
same standards as our applications ???

26. how did we get into this mess ???

27. sometime in the 20th century …

29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tdkc60cassette.jpg

31. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Build Test

32. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Build Test

33. App
Sysadmin
Updates Updates Updates
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

34. If I had asked my
customers what they
wanted they would have
said a faster horse.
Henry Ford

35. App
Sysadmin
Updates Updates Updates
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

36. App
Automated
Sysadmin
Updates Updates Updates
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

37. fast forward to 2014 …

38. Every day, AWS adds
enough server capacity
to power the whole $5B
enterprise Amazon.com
was in 2003.
Weekends included.

39. it is time to rethink the faster horse

40. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Build Test

41. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Build Test

42. App
Machine
Image
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Build Test
Machine
Image

43. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Machine
Image
Machine
Image
Machine
Image

44. Machine
Image
Machine
Image
Updates
Machine
Image

45. but there is one big problem left …

46. Machine
Image
Network Cable

47. Machine
Image
Network Cable
Multiple
GB

48. Running servers in
production should be like
going backpacking. You
take the bare minimum
with you. Anything else
is going to hurt.
A Wise Man

49. what is really adding business value ???

50. Machine
Image
Network Cable

51. App
App Server
Package Mgr
Compilers
Machine
Image
Editors
Compatibility
Man Pages
Language
Log Files
Utilities
Users
Shells
Libraries
SSH
Firewall
Drivers
Daemons OS Kernel
Network Cable

52. Libraries
OS Kernel
App
App Server
Language
Bootable
App

53. 40 – 80
MB

54. Multiple
GB
40 – 80
MB

55. Bootable
Network Cable
App

56. who is this for ???

57. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
standard tech stack

58. demo

59. what about configuration ???

60. Key Value
JDBC_URL jdbc:…
ENV prod
Bootable
App

61. what about the database ???

63. what about the logs ???

65. what about sessions ???

67. what about the debugging ???

68. http://www.stevenbrown.ca/blog/archives/225

69. do you see a trend here?

70. Image Instance
Platform

71. what platforms are there?

72. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel

73. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
PaaS (Heroku, AppEngine)
Image: Jar, War

74. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Container (Docker, LXC)
Image: Docker Image

75. App
App Server
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
VM (AWS, VirtualBox, VMware)
Image: AMI, VMDK

76. AMI
Jar
Language
Libraries
OS Kernel
Docker
Image
OS Kernel

77. AMI
Docker
Image
OS Kernel
what tools are there
for creating images?
• Shell
• Chef
• Puppet
• Dockerfile

78. what tools are there for creating
immutable, minimal & secure images?
boxfuse.com

79. summary

80. • One immutable unit
• Regenerated after every change
• Promoted from Environment to Environment
Classic Mistake: Build per Environment

81. Image
• One immutable unit
• Regenerated after every change
• Promoted from Environment to Environment
Classic Mistake: Build per Environment

82. AXEL FONTAINE
@axelfontaine
axel@boxfuse.com
Thanks !
boxfuse.com