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1. HMIM-224
Immunology Practical Part
(Serology)
Microbiology and Immunology- Basic
Medical Science Department- College of
Medicine.

2. n
Test Name: Widal test.
Principle of the test: Direct agglutination.
-Killed colored bacteria (Salmonella)+Patient Serum (Antibodies)=
Positive or negative Reaction.
Titer : 1/80 or more : Significant for children.
: 1/160 , 1/320, or more: Significant for adults.
Antigens used in the test:
-Salmonella typhi-(O,H)
-Salmonella paratyphi-A,B-(O,H)

3. Widal test:
N

4. N
Test Name: Brucella test.
Principle of the test : Direct agglutination.
Titer: 1/80, 1/160, or more.
Antigen used in the test:
-Brucella melitensis -Brucella abortus
Cause of false-negative reaction :
- The Pro-zone phenomenon.

5. Brucella test.
Pro-zone in Brucella

6. N
Test Name: Pregnancy test.
Principle of the test:
Immunochromatography.
Antigen detected in serum or urine specimens:
HCG Hormone
The substance fixed on the strip of the test:
Anti-HCG Antibodies.

7. n
Test Name: ELISA
Principle of the test: ELISA
The substance coating the microtiter plate wells:
1-Anti-Hepatitis B Antibodies.
2-Hepatitis C antigen.
The substance detected in patient’s serum:
1-Hepatitis B virus-Antigens.
2-Anti-Hepatitis C Antibodies.
The substance conjugated with secondary
antibodies:
Enzymes such as Peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase.

8. n
The principle used to measure Antibodies or
antigen concentration:
Spectrophotometry.

9. n
n

10. n
Test Name: C-Reactive Protein (CRP).
Principle of the Test:
Indirect agglutination (Latex Agglutination).
Substance coating the Latex:
Anti-CRP Antibodies.
Substance detected in serum:
CRP.
Titer: For positive results:
1/2, 1/4, 1/8,…. Or more.

11. CRP Test:
a

12. N
Test Name: Rheumatoid factor (RF).
Principle of the Test:
Indirect agglutination (Latex Agglutination).
Substance coating the Latex:
Human IgG Antibodies.
Substance detected in serum:
IgM (Anti-Human IgG) Antibodies.
Titer: For positive results:
1/2, 1/4, 1/8,…. Or more.

13. n
RF Test: