This antibody validation report describes the validation of a polyclonal rabbit anti-VE-Cadherin antibody for use in immunofluorescence applications on human, rat lung, and rat spleen tissues. The report details the immunofluorescence protocol used, including tissue processing, antigen retrieval, antibody incubations, counterstaining, mounting, and visualization under a fluorescence microscope. Validation was demonstrated through immunofluorescence imaging of VE-Cadherin staining on the tested tissues.
Immunohistochemistry Antibody Validation Report for Anti-VE-Cadherin Antibody...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. This cadherin may play a important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. It associates with alpha-catenin forming a link to the cytoskeleton. Acts in concert with KRIT1 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. These effects are mediated by recruitment and activation of the Par polarity complex and RAP1B. Required for activation of PRKCZ and for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3, TIAM1 and RAP1B to the cell junction.
Anti-VE-Cadherin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ve-cadherin-antibody-p-98941
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.
Anti-E-cadherin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e-cadherin-antibody-p-95225
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression positively and negatively. Serves as a sensor of the cytosolic ratio of NAD+/NADH which is altered by glucose deprivation and metabolic changes associated with caloric restriction. Is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT).
Anti-SIRT1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sirt1-antibody-p-94333
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. / E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.
Anti-E-cadherin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e-cadherin-antibody-p-95225
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression positively and negatively. Serves as a sensor of the cytosolic ratio of NAD+/NADH which is altered by glucose deprivation and metabolic changes associated with caloric restriction. Is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT).
Anti-SIRT1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sirt1-antibody-p-94333
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
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Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (By similarity). Involved in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In collaboration with RELA/p65 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and positively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Positively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer cells .
Anti-Cleaved-Notch 2 (D1733) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-notch-2-d1733-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.
Anti-HER2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/her2-antibody-p-98582
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Immunohistochemistry Antibody Validation Report for Anti-VE-Cadherin Antibody...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. This cadherin may play a important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. It associates with alpha-catenin forming a link to the cytoskeleton. Acts in concert with KRIT1 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. These effects are mediated by recruitment and activation of the Par polarity complex and RAP1B. Required for activation of PRKCZ and for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3, TIAM1 and RAP1B to the cell junction.
Anti-VE-Cadherin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ve-cadherin-antibody-p-98941
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.
Anti-E-cadherin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e-cadherin-antibody-p-95225
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression positively and negatively. Serves as a sensor of the cytosolic ratio of NAD+/NADH which is altered by glucose deprivation and metabolic changes associated with caloric restriction. Is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT).
Anti-SIRT1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sirt1-antibody-p-94333
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. / E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.
Anti-E-cadherin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e-cadherin-antibody-p-95225
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression positively and negatively. Serves as a sensor of the cytosolic ratio of NAD+/NADH which is altered by glucose deprivation and metabolic changes associated with caloric restriction. Is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT).
Anti-SIRT1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/sirt1-antibody-p-94333
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (By similarity). Involved in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In collaboration with RELA/p65 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and positively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Positively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer cells .
Anti-Cleaved-Notch 2 (D1733) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-notch-2-d1733-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.
Anti-HER2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/her2-antibody-p-98582
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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Anti-BRCA1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/brca1-antibody-p-91382
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Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (By similarity). Involved in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In collaboration with RELA/p65 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and positively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Positively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer cells .
Anti-Cleaved-Notch 2 (D1733)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-notch-2-d1733-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.
Anti-HER2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/her2-antibody-p-98582
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors.
Anti-ERK 1/2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk-12-antibody-p-95241
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it is species-specific, stimulating the growth and differentiation of only human and murine thyroid progenitors.
Anti-TIMP-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/timp-1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage.
Anti-BRCA1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/brca1-antibody-p-91382
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In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s stabilize preexistent proteins against aggregation and mediate the folding of newly translated polypeptides in the cytosol as well as within organelles. These chaperones participate in all these processes through their ability to recognize nonnative conformations of other proteins. They bind extended peptide segments with a net hydrophobic character exposed by polypeptides during translation and membrane translocation, or following stress-induced damage (By similarity). Positive regulator of PARK2 translocation to damaged mitochondria.
Anti-HSP70 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hsp70-antibody-p-98579
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites. PARP1-dependent PARP9-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites. / NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.
Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-parp-1-d214-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis.
Anti-ERK 1/2-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk-12-antibody-p-95241
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Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin.
Anti-Lamin B1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lamin-b1-antibody-p-92944
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s stabilize preexistent proteins against aggregation and mediate the folding of newly translated polypeptides in the cytosol as well as within organelles. These chaperones participate in all these processes through their ability to recognize nonnative conformations of other proteins. They bind extended peptide segments with a net hydrophobic character exposed by polypeptides during translation and membrane translocation, or following stress-induced damage (By similarity). Positive regulator of PARK2 translocation to damaged mitochondria.
Anti-HSP70-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hsp70-antibody-p-98579
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division. In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below).[2][3] Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin with ~42 kDa. In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature.
Anti-β-Tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-
98567
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it is species-specific, stimulating the growth and differentiation of only human and murine erythroid progenitors.
Anti-TIMP-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/timp-1-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-β-Tubulin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-98567
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules.
Anti-GAPDH -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/gapdh-antibody-p-98566
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Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes.
Anti-Actin β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/actin-b-antibody
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Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage.
Anti-Active Caspase-3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/active-caspase-3-antibody-p-99099
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Immunohistochemistry Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites.
Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-parp-1-d214-antibody
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin.
Anti-Lamin B1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lamin-b1-antibody-p-92944
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates.AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity.
Anti-Akt -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/akt-antibody-p-91115
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AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates.AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity.
Anti-Akt1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/akt1-antibody-p-91107
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Anti-BRCA1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/brca1-antibody-p-91382
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Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs (By similarity). Involved in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In collaboration with RELA/p65 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and positively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Positively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer cells .
Anti-Cleaved-Notch 2 (D1733)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-notch-2-d1733-antibody
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Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.
Anti-HER2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/her2-antibody-p-98582
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors.
Anti-ERK 1/2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk-12-antibody-p-95241
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Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
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Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it is species-specific, stimulating the growth and differentiation of only human and murine thyroid progenitors.
Anti-TIMP-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/timp-1-antibody
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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage.
Anti-BRCA1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/brca1-antibody-p-91382
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In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s stabilize preexistent proteins against aggregation and mediate the folding of newly translated polypeptides in the cytosol as well as within organelles. These chaperones participate in all these processes through their ability to recognize nonnative conformations of other proteins. They bind extended peptide segments with a net hydrophobic character exposed by polypeptides during translation and membrane translocation, or following stress-induced damage (By similarity). Positive regulator of PARK2 translocation to damaged mitochondria.
Anti-HSP70 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hsp70-antibody-p-98579
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Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites. PARP1-dependent PARP9-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites. / NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.
Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-parp-1-d214-antibody
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis.
Anti-ERK 1/2-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk-12-antibody-p-95241
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Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin.
Anti-Lamin B1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lamin-b1-antibody-p-92944
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In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s stabilize preexistent proteins against aggregation and mediate the folding of newly translated polypeptides in the cytosol as well as within organelles. These chaperones participate in all these processes through their ability to recognize nonnative conformations of other proteins. They bind extended peptide segments with a net hydrophobic character exposed by polypeptides during translation and membrane translocation, or following stress-induced damage (By similarity). Positive regulator of PARK2 translocation to damaged mitochondria.
Anti-HSP70-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hsp70-antibody-p-98579
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Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division. In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below).[2][3] Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin with ~42 kDa. In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature.
Anti-β-Tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-
98567
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Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it is species-specific, stimulating the growth and differentiation of only human and murine erythroid progenitors.
Anti-TIMP-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/timp-1-antibody
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-β-Tubulin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-98567
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Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules.
Anti-GAPDH -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/gapdh-antibody-p-98566
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Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes.
Anti-Actin β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/actin-b-antibody
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Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage.
Anti-Active Caspase-3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/active-caspase-3-antibody-p-99099
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Immunohistochemistry Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites.
Anti-Cleaved-PARP-1 (D214)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cleaved-parp-1-d214-antibody
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Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin.
Anti-Lamin B1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lamin-b1-antibody-p-92944
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AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates.AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity.
Anti-Akt -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/akt-antibody-p-91115
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AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates.AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at 'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity.
Anti-Akt1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/akt1-antibody-p-91107
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Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3. Isoform 3 and isoform 4 lack the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and may therefore constitutively activate the transcription of a specific set of genes independently of steroid hormones. AIM-100 (4-amino-5, 6-biaryl-furo[2, 3-d]pyrimidine) suppresses TNK2-mediated phosphorylation at Tyr-269. Inhibits the binding of the Tyr-269 phosphorylated form to androgen-responsive enhancers (AREs) and its transcriptional activity.
Anti-AR -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ar-antibody-p-98868
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Cystatin C Antibody (S...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. Recently, it has been studied for its role in predicting new-onset or deteriorating cardiovascular disease. It also seems to play a role in brain disorders involving amyloid (a specific type of protein deposition), such as Alzheimer's disease. In humans, all cells with a nucleus (cell core containing the DNA) produce cystatin C as a chain of 120 amino acids. It is found in virtually all tissues and body fluids. It is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal proteinases (enzymes from a special subunit of the cell that break down proteins) and probably one of the most important extracellular inhibitors of cysteine proteases (it prevents the breakdown of proteins outside the cell by a specific type of protein degrading enzymes). Cystatin C belongs to the type 2 cystatin gene family.
Anti-Cystatin C -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cystatin-c-
antibody-5
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Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Anti-α skeletal muscle actin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/a-skeletal-muscle-actin-antibody-p-98686
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The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB) is involved activation of c-SRC/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. / Isoform A: inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. / Isoform 4: Increases mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular respiration upon stimulation by progesterone.
Anti-PR -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pr-antibody-p-99016
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Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further NFKBIA-dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B-interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation.
Anti-IκB β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ikb-b-antibody-1f3
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Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'-ATTTGCAT-3') and activates the promoters of the genes for some small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and of genes such as those for histone H2B and immunoglobulins. Modulates transcription transactivation by NR3C1, AR and PGR (By similarity). In case of human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, POU2F1 forms a multiprotein-DNA complex with the viral transactivator protein VP16 and HCFC1 thereby enabling the transcription of the viral immediate early genes.
Anti-OCT1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/oct1-antibody-p-98626
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Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Binds to DNA and to DNA ligase IV (LIG4). The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends.
Anti-XRCC4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/xrcc4-antibody-p-98623
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Induces cartilage and bone formation . Stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A- ATF4 pathway. BMP2 activation of EIF2AK3 stimulates phosphorylation of EIF2A which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation. In addition stimulates TMEM119, which upregulates the expression of ATF4 .
Anti-BMP-2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/bmp-2-antibody-p-98981
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Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. / Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Anti-CYCS -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cycs-antibody-p-99070
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Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Deacetylates SP proteins, SP1 and SP3, and regulates their function. Component of the BRG1-RB1-HDAC1 complex, which negatively regulates the CREST-mediated transcription in resting neurons. Upon calcium stimulation, HDAC1 is released from the complex and CREBBP is recruited, which facilitates transcriptional activation. Deacetylates TSHZ3 and regulates its transcriptional repressor activity. Deacetylates 'Lys-310' in RELA and thereby inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa-B.
Anti-HDAC1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hdac1-antibody-1
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Key regulator of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) required to increase calcium uptake by MCU when cytoplasmic calcium is high. MICU1 and MICU2 form a disulfide-linked heterodimer that stimulate and inhibit MCU activity, respectively. MICU1 acts as a stimulator of MCU that senses calcium level via its EF-hand domains: enhances MCU opening at high Ca2+ concentration, allowing a rapid response of mitochondria to Ca2+ signals generated in the cytoplasm. Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Induces T-helper 1-mediated autoreactivity, which is accompanied by the release of IFNG.
Anti-MICU1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/micu1-antibody
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Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML . Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle.
Anti-Catenin-β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/catenin-b-antibody-p-99071
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Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function.
Anti-HSP90β -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hsp90b-antibody-p-98667
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Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
Anti-PPAR Delta -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ppar-delta-antibody-1
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-β-tubulin (HRP)Antibo...St John's Laboratory Ltd
To form microtubules, the dimers of α- and β-tubulin bind to GTP and assemble onto the (+) ends of microtubules while in the GTP-bound state. The β-tubulin subunit is exposed on the plus end of the microtubule while the α-tubulin subunit is exposed on the minus end. After the dimer is incorporated into the microtubule, the molecule of GTP bound to the β-tubulin subunit eventually hydrolyzes into GDP through inter-dimer contacts along the microtubule protofilament. Whether the β-tubulin member of the tubulin dimer is bound to GTP or GDP influences the stability of the dimer in the microtubule. Dimers bound to GTP tend to assemble into microtubules, while dimers bound to GDP tend to fall apart; thus, this GTP cycle is essential for the dynamic instability of the microtubule.
Anti-β-tubulin (HRP)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-hrp-p-99128
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CD15 mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, found on neutrophils; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. It is also called Lewis x and SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen 1) and represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem cells, in which it plays an important role in adhesion and migration of the cells in the preimplantation embryo. It is synthezised by FUT4 (fucosyltransferase 4) and FUT9.
Anti-CD15 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cd15-antibody-p-98642
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Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B.
Anti-Ub -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ub-antibody-p-98871
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Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H4 (Acetyl Lys16) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h4-acetyl-lys16-antibody
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Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulins. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents belong to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes, which are highly conserved among species. This gene encodes alpha tubulin and is highly similar to mouse and rat Tuba1 gene. Northern blotting studies have shown that the gene expression is predominantly found in morphologically differentiated neurologic cells.
Anti-Tubulin α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/tubulin-a-antibody
Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic spine density (By similarity).
Anti-N-cadherin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/n-cadherin-antibody-p-93283
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Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer.
Anti-PPAR-γ -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ppar-g-antibody
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Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin . Required for normal proliferation and recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the central nervous system, skin, lung, heart and placenta. Required for normal blood vessel development, and for normal development of kidney glomeruli. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers with PDGFA.
Anti-PDGF-B -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pdgf-b-antibody
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Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis. Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with polymerized microtubules. The complex with RAN plays a role in mitotic spindle formation by serving as a physical scaffold to help deliver the RAN effector molecule TPX2 to microtubules.
Anti-Survivin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/survivin-antibody-p-94468
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Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.; Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Anti-CYCS - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/anti-cycs-antibody?filter_name=STJ98953
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets.
Anti-p38 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p38-antibody-p-93734
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Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.
Anti-PPAR-α -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ppar-a-antibody
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High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both from mitochondria to cytosol and from cytosol to extracellular space, and cellular export of hemin, and heme. Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. Implicated in the efflux of numerous drugs and xenobiotics: mitoxantrone, the photosensitizer pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine (AZT), and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin.
Anti-ABCG2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/abcg2-antibody-p-98888
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Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes.
Anti-Smad3 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/smad3-antibody-p-94361
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Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in response to low amino acid availability. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2-alpha/EIF2S1 either in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translation initiation activator of specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated reprogramming of amino acid biosynthetic gene expression to alleviate nutrient depletion.
Anti-PERK -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/perk-antibody
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In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'-GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By similarity). Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor).
Anti-Smad4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/smad4-antibody-p-94364
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Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy.
Anti-HMG-1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/hmg-1-antibody-p-
98502
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Accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. May regulate T-cell activation. Induces the aggregation of lipid rafts. / (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus-1 . Down-regulated by HIV-1 Vpu . Acts as a receptor for Human Herpes virus 7/HHV-7.
Anti-CD4 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cd4-antibody-p-98607
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Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-Rho A Antibody (STJ95442)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essential role in cleavage furrow formation. Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. May be an activator of PLCE1. Activated by ARHGEF2, which promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex.
Anti-Rho A -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/rho-a-antibody
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Acts as decoy receptor for TNFSF11/RANKL and thereby neutralizes its function in osteoclastogenesis. Inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. Bone homeostasis seems to depend on the local ratio between TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B. May also play a role in preventing arterial calcification. May act as decoy receptor for TNFSF10/TRAIL and protect against apoptosis. TNFSF10/TRAIL binding blocks the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
Anti-OPG -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/opg-antibody
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Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells. / 2 H2O2 = O2 + 2 H2O. / heme / NADP+.
Anti-Catalase -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/catalase-antibody-p-94943
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CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. Unlike many of the antibody receptors, CD23 is a C-type lectin. It is found on mature B cells, activated macrophages, eosinophils, follicular dendritic cells, and platelets.
There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b. CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requires IL-4 to be expressed on T-cells, monocytes, Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. CD23 is known to have a role of transportation in antibody feedback regulation. Antigens which enter the blood stream can be captured by antigen specific IgE antibodies. The IgE immune complexes that are formed bind to CD23 molecules on B cells, and are transported to the B cell follicles of the spleen. The antigen is then transferred from CD23+ B cells to CD11c+ antigen presenting cells. The CD11c+ cells in turn present the antigen to CD4+ T cells, which can lead to an enhanced antibody response.
Anti-CD23 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/cd23-antibody-p-98586
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Ligand for multiple Notch receptors and involved in the mediation of Notch signaling. May be involved in cell-fate decisions during hematopoiesis. Seems to be involved in early and late stages of mammalian cardiovascular development. Inhibits myoblast differentiation (By similarity). Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis (in vitro).
Anti-Jagged1 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/jagged1-antibody
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G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI3 in the cilia.
Anti-Smo antibody (STJ95710): http://www.stjohnslabs.com/smo-antibody-p-94371?filter_name=STJ95710
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Western Blot Customer Review Anti Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody (STJ97101)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling . Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity). Has transcriptional activation and repression activity . Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis . Promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis . May act as a tumor suppressor . May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression (By similarity). / Isoform Beta: Acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of isoform Alpha . Has intrinsic transcriptional activity independent of isoform Alpha when both isoforms are coexpressed.
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Anti glucocorticoid receptor antibody (STJ97101):
http://www.stjohnslabs.com/glucocorticoid-receptor-antibody-p-98736?filter_name=STJ97101
Western Blot Customer Review Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) Antibody (STJ90230)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation.
Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-cofilin-s3-antibody
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This June, Dr. Byron Baron from the University of Malta, Malta, is our Scientist of the Month! He's shared with us his research highlights, his current projects and some comments on the biotechnology industry.
Want to be our Scientist of the Month? Contact info@stjohnslabs.com
Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex.
Anti-WAVE2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/wave2-antibody
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Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature.
Brain, mostly in frontal cortex. Expressed at high level in fetal cerebellum.
Anti-Endophilin I -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/endophilin-i-antibody
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-β-tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-98672
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Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10. May participate in the GZMB apoptotic pathways. Cleaves ADPRT. Hydrolyzes the small-molecule substrate, Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-|-AMC. Likely target for the cowpox virus CRMA death inhibitory protein. Isoform 5, isoform 6, isoform 7 and isoform 8 lack the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex. / Strict requirement for Asp at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of (Leu/Asp/Val)-Glu-Thr-Asp-|-(Gly/Ser/Ala). / Inhibited by the effector protein NleF that is produced by pathogenic E.coli; this inhibits apoptosis.
Anti-Caspase-8-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-8-antibody-p-99045
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome. Pericentriolar matrix component that regulates alpha/beta chain minus-end nucleation, centrosome duplication and spindle formation.
Anti-Gamma Tubulin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/gamma-tubulin-antibody
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Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division. In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below). Both α and β tubulins have a mass of around 50 kDa and are thus in a similar range compared to actin with ~42 kDa. In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature. Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.
Anti-Epsilon Tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/epsilon-tubulin-antibody-2
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Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) . Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation .
Anti-LC3A-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lc3a-antibody
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Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. Positively regulates the transcription of TRIB3, IL6, IL8, IL23, TNFRSF10B/DR5, PPP1R15A/GADD34, BBC3/PUMA, BCL2L11/BIM and ERO1L. Negatively regulates; expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG).
Anti-CHOP-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/chop-antibody-2
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Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process. Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. Does not have protein kinase activity.
Anti-phospho-MLKL (S358)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-mlkl-s358-antibody-1
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Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation.
Anti-ERK1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/erk1-antibody-3
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Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development and cephalic closure during embryonic development. Required for normal development of the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract, and for recruitment of mesenchymal cells and normal development of intestinal villi. Plays a role in cell migration and chemotaxis in wound healing. Plays a role in platelet activation, secretion of agonists from platelet granules, and in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Anti-PDGFRα-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pdgfra-antibody-2
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Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. / Strict requirement for an Asp residue at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-|-. / Specifically inhibited by the cowpox virus Crma protein.
Anti-Caspase-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-1-antibody-1
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Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release .
Anti-Bcl-2-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/bcl-2-antibody-1
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Alpha-actin-2 also known as actin, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24. Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of myofibroblast formation.
Anti-α-SMA -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/a-sma-antibody-1
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Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters . / BIRC2/c-IAP1 stimulates its transcriptional activity.
Anti-E2F-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/e2f-1-antibody-1
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Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Immunofluorescence Antibody Validation Report for Anti-VE-Cadherin Antibody (STJ97306)
1. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-a
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species HUMAN Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Human
lung tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
2. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-b
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species HUMAN Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Human
lung tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
3. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-c
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
lung tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
4. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-d
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue LUNG
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
lung tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
5. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-e
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue SPLEEN
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
spleen tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com
6. ANTIBODY VALIDATION REPORT
Report Number 97306-f
Application Immunofluorescence
Model Number STJ97306
Antibody Name Anti-VE-Cadherin antibody
Host Rabbit
Clonality Polyclonal
Clone ID NA
Species RAT Tissue SPLEEN
Image
Description
Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat
spleen tissue. 1: VE-Cadherin Polyclonal
Antibody(red) was diluted at 1:200 (4
degree Celsius,overnight). 2: Cy3 labled
Secondary antibody was diluted at
1:300 (room temperature, 50min).3:
Picture B: DAPI(blue) 10min. Picture
A:Target. Picture B: DAPI. Picture C:
merge of A+B.
Primary Antibody Incubation
After blocking solution was removed a 1:200 primary antibody/PBS
solution was added on the slide, and incubated overnight at 4°C (a
small amount of distilled water was added into the incubation box to
prevent evaporation of antibody).
Secondary Antibody Incubation
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after the slides were dried and corresponding
secondary antibody solution was added (HRP labelled), covering the
tissues, and incubated at room temperature for 50min.
DAPI Counter-Staining
slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, repeated 3 times
and then dried. DAPI staining solution was added inside the PAP
circles and incubated for 10 min at room temperature without light
exposure.
Mounting
Slides were washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3
times. Shortly after slides were dried, anti-quench mountings were
used to mount slides.
Visualization
The slides were observed and placed under a NIKON inverted
fluorescence microscope (Ultra violet excitation 330-380nm,
emission 420nm; FITC green excitation 465-495nm, emission 515-
555 nm; CY3 red excitation 510-560nm, emission 590nm)
Immunofluorescence Protocol
Tissue Processing
Slides were incubated sequentially into: Xylene - 15min, Anhydrous
ethanol – 15 min, Anhydrous ethanol – 5 min, 85% alcohol – 5 min,
75% alcohol – 5 min & washed with distilled water – 5 min.
Antigen Retrieval
Tissue slides were incubated with citric acid (PH6.0) antigen
retrieval buffer, and microwaved for antigen retrieval (heated until
boiled and then stop heating) for 8min. Slides were then heated with
medium power for 7min. During this process slides are kept from
drying out. After cooling down at room temperature, slides were
washed with PBS on a shaker for 5min, and repeated 3 times.
Anti-Quench
shortly after slides were dried, a PAP pen was used to draw circles
around the tissues (to prevent draining of the antibody). Inside the
circles, anti-quench mountings were added and incubated for 5 min,
and then flushed with water for 10min.
BSA Blocking
Inside the circles, BSA was used to cover the tissue evenly, blocking
for 30min.
St John's Laboratory Ltd.
www.stjohnslabs.com