This document provides guidance on using examples to illustrate concepts when teaching. It discusses using examples that are simple, relevant, interesting and suited to students' backgrounds. Both concrete examples from students' experiences and abstract examples are important. Examples should clarify concepts by linking them to something already familiar. Both verbal (e.g. stories, analogies) and non-verbal (e.g. objects, diagrams, experiments) media can be used to present examples. Examples can be used to introduce a concept inductively, by generalizing from specific examples to the rule or definition, or deductively, by applying a rule to specific examples. The document provides subject-specific concepts and examples to illustrate these techniques.

1. By:
Dr. Rakhi Sawlani
Orientation for
Skill of Illustration with
Example
(IWE)

2. Illustration with example
 Illustration is a visual explanation of concepts, ideas or
processes.
Concept
Abstract
God Honesty
Concrete
Classroom Animal

3. What is a concept?
 A mental grouping of similar things, events, and
people that is used to remember and understand
what things are, what they mean, and what
categories or groups they belong to.
 Concept has a Meaning, Definition,
Characteristics/features/attributes, Classify/
Compare
 Non Living thing Means of transport Eg. Bus, Car,
Aeroplane
 Living things Eg. Animal/ Plants
 Commercial Sector Eg. Bank/Insurance
 Grammar Eg. Noun/Adjectives
 Mathematical Shapes Eg. Circle/Cone

4. Need of examples
 Use of examples suited to pupils’ previous
experience and interest level.
 Clarify the concepts by linking it with something
already known so that it is easily understood by
the pupils.
 To make difficult ideas easy.
 To bring clarity, simplicity and interest in
teaching.
 To verify by asking examples from pupils.
 To lead pupils from simple to complex concepts.

5. Flow chart
Taking Concept – Abstract or Concrete
Using Examples – Simple, Relevant, Interesting
Using appropriate media for examples
Using examples by inductive - deductive approach

6. Using simple examples
 Based on previous knowledge of pupils
 Based on level of pupils – age, grade,
background
Subject Concept Example 1 Example 2
Science States of
matter
Solid - Ice
Liquid - water
Gas – water
vapours
Ghee
Candle
Maths Cone Ice cream cone Birthday cap
English Humiliation Student-Teacher School
competition

7. Using relevant examples
 Applicability to the rule or Concept
 Concept is explained by the example
subject Concept Example 1 Related
examples
Science Substance Desk - wood Windowpanes-
glass
Books- paper
Maths Construction of
quadrilateral
Pot Agriculture field
English Seasons Winter – leaves Spring -
Summer -

8. Using interesting examples
 To arouse curiosity and interest in pupils.
Subject Concept Example
History Indian kingdom Chess board
Science Gases dissolved in
water
Coca cola
Maths shapes Pyramids, temples

9. Using appropriate media for
examples
Verbal media - Description of situation or objects through
words like Telling stories or presenting analogies
(comparison between things having similar features)
acc to age, grade, maturity and unit taught.
Subject Concept Media Example
English Wisdom Telling a story Akbar and
Birbal
Science Structure of
Heart
Analogy Pump or motor
History Indian Kingdom Telling a story Cat-mouse
Cat-monkey
Media
Verbal
Telling stories Analogy
Non- verbal
Objects,
Models,
pictures
Diagram, maps,
sketches,
Experiments

10. Non verbal media or Visual
Subject Objects Models Diagrams or
Pictures
Maps Sketches Exp.
Demo
video
Science Flower Eye
Ear
Muscular system
Body parts
world Skeletal system Photosynth
esis,
Refraction/
reflection
Functionin
g of Heart,
Respiration
Maths Ball
Pyramid
Probability Shapes world Area, shapes, integers Pythag.
theorem
Geography Globe Volcano Sedimentary rocks India Imaginary lines Breeze,
cyclones
Earth,
Solar sys
English Taj Mahal Animal Weather world poets Story moon
Hindi puppets monuments Freedom fighters globe Poets poem Swachata
abhiyan
History/
Eco
Qutubminar Mohanjodaro/h
arappa
Currency, ancient
materials
Historical
area
King or queen Role play Stone age,
nomadic
culture

11. Using Examples by Inductive - Deductive Approach
This involves the teacher giving examples relating to the concept or rule to clarify it. The pupils
on the basis of the examples given, formulate the rule. After this the teacher asks the pupils to
give examples to test whether the pupils have rightly understood the concept or not
Subject Inductive Approach
Examples to rule
Deductive Approach
Rule to examples
Science Eg. Various musical
instruments
Sound is produced due to
Vibration in objects
Water- Ground water
(River, lake, pond)
Evaporation
Maths Shapes BODMAS
Formula of perimeter,
area.
Prime/Composite numbers
History Freedom fighters