Illegal river sand mining has negative environmental and social impacts. It involves forcibly extracting sand from rivers and beaches at rates higher than allowed by the government. This can lower river beds, cause sea water intrusion into rivers, decrease water quality, and damage infrastructure from erosion. Unregulated sand mining leads to health problems, loss of agricultural land and livelihoods, water conflicts, and increased flooding. Strict laws and community awareness programs are needed to regulate sand extraction and mitigate its harmful effects.

1. PRESENTED BY
SNEHAL THOMAS
ROLL NO.1300
ILLEGAL RIVER SAND MINING

2. SAND MINING
• SAND MINING IS A PRACTICE
THAT IS USED TO
EXTRACT SAND.
• SAND IS MINED FROM BEACHES,
AND FROM OCEAN BEDS
AND RIVER BEDS.
• IT IS OFTEN USED IN
MANUFACTURING CEMENT ,
CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES
ETC..

3. WHAT ARE ILLEGAL SAND MINING
ACTIVITIES?
• ILLEGAL MINING HAS BEEN GOING ON AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS IN
INDIA TODAY.
• THE CONTRACTORS FORCEFULLY SEIZE THE SAND AND AUCTION
IT AT TWO TO FIVE TIMES THE GOVERNMENT RATE. THESE
PEOPLE ARE CALLED AS SAND MAFIAS.
• EVEN WHEN THE SAND IS NOT AUCTIONED TO THEM, THEY LIFT IT
AND SELL IT FOR HUGE PROFITS.

4. INSTREAM AND FLOODPLAIN

5. UNREGULATED RIVER SAND MINING
CAUSES FOR
• LOWERING THE RIVER BED
• SEA WATER INTRUSION THROUGH THE RIVER
• DECREASING THE WATER QUALITY (SALINISATION OF WATER)
• POOR QUALITY DRINKING WATER AND IRRIGATION WATER
• DAMAGES TO ıNFRASTUCTURE
• RIVER BANK EROSION
• THREATS TO FLORA AND FAUNA

6. UNREGULATED RIVER SAND MINING
RESULT ıN
• HEALTH PROBLEMS
• LOW FOOD PRODUCTION
• LOSS OF CULTIVABLE LAND
• CONFLICTS AMONG AFFECTED COMMUNITY AND SAND
MAFIA
• SHIFTING WATER INTAKE TO UPSTREAM
• FLOOD DISASTER
• THREATS TO LIVELIHOOD
• LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

7. View of foundation scouring at
a bridge pier
Water supply intake
affected by lowering the
river bed

8. SUGGESTIONS
• AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND
MONITORING PROGRAMME SHOULD BE A PART OF ANY SAND EXTRACTION
OPERATION, AND ENCOURAGED AT NATIONAL, REGIONAL,DISTRICT, AND LOCAL
LEVELS.
• THE DISTRICT ASSEMBLY AND/OR MUNICIPALITY SHOULD ENSURE
FORMULATION, MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT OF BYELAWS WHICH MAY
INVOLVE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECLAMATION PLANS AND
BONDS.
• SENSITISATION AND AWARENESS AMONG PEOPLE
• GOVERNMENT SHOULD IMPLEMENT STRICT LAWS