Presentation at PASSIEXPO2018 in Athens

1. Social Housing in Hot Climate
Open University of Cyprus
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences Department of Civil Engineering
3 November 2018
Milos Ilic
Kyriacos Polycarpou
Dr. Paris A. Fokaides
PASSIEXPO2018:The road to nZEB 2-3 November, Athens

2. Open University of Cyprus
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences Department of Civil Engineering
3 November 2018
S o c i a l H o u s i n g i n H o t C l i m a t e
1 . The I m pac t o f the I m plem entatio n o f the E uro pean
E n e r g y P e r f o r m a n c e o f B u i l d i n g s D i r e c t i v e
o n t h e E u r o p e a n B u i l d i n g S t o c k :
The Case of the Cyprus Land Development Corporation
2. Passive House Application in the Social Housing Sector

3. 1. The Impact of the Implementation of the
European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
o n t h e E u r o p e a n B u i l d i n g S t o c k :
The Case of the Cyprus Land Development Corporation
Open University of Cyprus
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
Ky r i a c o s P o l y c a r p o u
Civil Engineering Technician
Cyprus Land Development Corporation
BSc Civil Engineering
MSc Sustainable Energy Systems
Department of Civil Engineering
3 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 8

4. C O N T E N T S
Introduction
Methodology
Selection and Definition Of the Sample
Sample Drawings
Sample Questionnaire
Questionnaire Answers
Energy Behavior
Sample Models - Theoretical Energy Consumption
Pilot Passive House Application
S o c i a l H o u s i n g i n H o t C l i m a t e

5. I N T R O D U C T I O N
Building
Sector
40% of the overall Energy Consumption
Sector is Increasing
Need to Reduce Energy Demand
Requirement of 2010/31/EC Directive
Energy
Performance
Factors
Design
Construction Methods
Materials Used
Habits of Users

6. I N T R O D U C T I O N
2007 –
Introduction of
Minimum
Requirements
for Energy
Efficiency
Before 2007 – No Consideration on Energy Behaviour at Design Stage
After 2007 - Significant Improve at Buildings Energy Behaviour
Improved Building Techniques and Materials
Change in Habits of Users
Cyprus Land
Development
Corporation
(CLDC)
Semi-Govermental Organization established in 1981
Housed around 4500 families since 2014
Mainly Low and Medium income Families
Mainly Constructing Houses and Apartments

7. I n t r o d u c t i o n
Cyprus Land
Development
Corporation
(CLDC)
Between 2000 – 2007 :
Minor Improvements , Replacement of Glazing
After 2007 :
Residences with Minimum Requirements for Energy Efficiency
Residential
Stock
Classified to Periods
Compared in terms of Energy Behavior

8. I n t r o d u c t i o n
Similar to average
residence in Cyprus
Assist in suggesting
more efficient measures
in reducing Energy
Consumption
Identify factors affecting
Energy Behavior
Take on mind in future
designs

9. M E T H O D O L O G Y
Residential Stock Divided into three Periods according to -Construction Year and -
Construction Characteristics
Sample: 15 residences , 5 from each Period
Data Collected through -Direct Communication -Questionnaire -Comparison of
Design and Drawings -Energy Consumption from E.A.C.
Parameters affecting Energy Behavior Examined: -Period of Design, -Period of
Construction, -Habits of the Users and -Power Equipment

10. S E L E C T I O N O F S A M P L E
Total Applicants: 4500
(1982-2014)
59% Residences,
Houses – Apartments
Total
Plots
41%
Total
Residence
s
59%

11. S E L E C T I O N O F S A M P L E
• Projects Distribution
• (52% Nicosia – 24% Limassol)
• Residences Distribution
• 61% Nicosia
(42% Houses, 20% Apartments)
• 23% Limassol
(14% Houses, 9% Apartments)
• Rest of Residences
(Larnaca 10%, Paphos 4%,
Ammochostos 1%)
Nicosia
52%
Paphos
5%
Limassol
24%
Larnaca
16%
Ammochosto…

12. S e l e c t i o n o f S a m p l e
[CELLRANGE]
61%
[CELLRANGE]
4%
[CELLRANGE]
23%
[CELLRANGE]
10%
[CELLRANGE]
1%
[CELLRANGE]
42%
[CELLRANGE]
3%
[CELLRANGE]
14% [CELLRANGE]
9%
[CELLRANGE]
1%
[CELLRANGE]
20%
[CELLRANGE]
2%
[CELLRANGE]
9%
[CELLRANGE]
1%
[CELLRANGE]
0%
NI PA LI LA AM
Area Distribution Houses Apartments

13. P E R I O D S - S A M P L E
1982 – 1999Period 1
• No Detailed Information
• Nicosia: 55% Houses, 14 % Apartments
• Limassol: 13% Houses, 1% Apartments
2000 - 2008Period 2
• Minor Improvements
• Nicosia: 44% Houses, 23% Apartments
• Limassol: 7% Houses, 12 % Apartments
2009 – 2014Period 3
• Minimum Requirements for the Energy Efficiency for Buildings
• Nicosia: 25% Houses, 23% Apartments
• Limassol: 23% Houses, 13% Apartments
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Nic Lim Lar Pa Am
Distribution vs Periods
Houses Period 3
Apartments Period 3
Houses Period 2
Apartments Period 2
Houses Period 1
Apartments Period 1
0
2
3
2
0
1
4
4
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3
Distribution of Final Sample
Nicosia Apartments Limassol Houses Limassol Apartments Nicosia Houses

14. S A M P L E D R A W I N G S - C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
H o u s e
P e r i o d 1

15. S A M P L E D R A W I N G S - C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
H o u s e
P e r i o d 2

16. S A M P L E D R A W I N G S - C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
H o u s e P e r i o d 3

17. S A M P L E D R A W I N G S - C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
A p a r t m e n t P e r i o d 3

18. S A M P L E Q U E S T I O N N A I R E
Part A:
• General Information for Usage
• Users Profile
• Basic info for Residence
Part B:
• Equipment for
• Heating / Cooling / Hot Water
• Duration of Usage
• Average Cost / Consumption
Part C:
• Maintenance
• Glazing
• Interventions
• Power Equipment

19. B R I E F Q U E S T I O N N A I R E A N S W E R S
Part A
• Annual Income
• 13.000€ – 24.000€ and 36.000€ – 63.000€
• Size of Residence
• 120m2-140m2
• Number of Residents
• Mainly 2 or 4
• Duration of Usage
• Mostly 15-16 hours with consideration to energy
usage

20. B R I E F Q U E S T I O N N A I R E A N S W E R S
Part B
• Heating Equipment
• Basically Autonomous Mobile Heating Units and Air conditions
• Area Heated 75% to 100% of the residence
• Duration Heated: 6-8 Hours per day
• Cooling Equipment
• Air Conditions 1-4 hours per day
• Fans 4-6 hours per day
• Heating Water Equipment
• Solar System, or Solar System and Boiler

21. B R I E F Q U E S T I O N N A I R E A N S W E R S
Part C
• Maintenance of Heating Equipment
• Rare to Never
• Windows:
Mainly Double Glazing (79%)
• Mostly not any Interventions made,
made only at two residences (11%)
• Power Equipment (most frequent / common)
• Electric Oven, Electric Cooker,
Refrigerator,
Washing Machine, Tumble Dryer

22. R E S U L T S - C O M M E N T S
• Area of Residences (mean) : 131m2
• Area Per Resident (mean) : 46m2
• Occupants : 2-4
• Area Per Resident (mean) : 46m2
• Type: Mainly Semi Detached
House and Apartments
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
80-100
100-120
120-140
140-160
160+
Area of Residences (m2)
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2 3 4 5 6
Occupants per Residence
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1
Type of Building
House Semi Detached House Apartment

23. Characteristics of
Construction
• External Walls: 20cm
• Internal Walls: 10 cm
• No Thermal Insulation on Walls or
Roof
• Floor: Slab, Screed Ceramic Tiles
• Glazing: Single Glazing with Shutters
outside. Glazing replaced to double at
most residences afterwards
Period 1 : 33% of Total

24. Characteristics of
Construction
• External Walls, Internal Walls and
Roof : Similar to previous Period, no
significant changes
• Floor: Similarly, slab, screed Ceramic
Tiles
• Glazing: Double Glazing, but in
combination with removal of shutters
Period 2 : 33% of Total

25. Characteristics of Construction
• Designed according to Directive for the Minimum
Requirements for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings
• External Walls: 25cm with Thermal Insulation
• Internal Walls : 10cm
• Floor Type: Slab, Screed, Ceramic tiles, Addition of Thermal
insulation
• Addition of Thermal Insulation on roof
• Glazing: Double Glazing, with the addition of Shutters outside
Period 3 : 34 % of Total

26. H E A T I N G A N D C O O L I N G S Y S T E M
Heating and Cooling Equipment
• Mainly Autonomous/ Mobile Heating Units : 36%
• Air Conditions : 28% used also for Cooling
• Fire Place : 12%
• Central Heating (Oil or Gas Burner) : only 32% have one, used in combination with other
systems
• Heating Duration per Day: 5-8 hours per day , mainly at the bedrooms
• No central Cooling System
• Heating and Cooling equipment mainly at Bedrooms
Domestic Hot Water Equipment
• Solar System installed at all residences
• Boiler as a Secondary System

27. H E A T I N G A N D C O O L I N G S Y S T E M
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE][CELLRANGE]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Oil Burner Gas Burner Fire Place Autonomous
and Mobile
Heating Units
Air
Conditioning
Burning Stove Other
Heating Equipment
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
[CELLRANGE]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2-4 hours 5-8 hours 9-12 hours 13-16 hours
Daily Heating Duration
[CELLRA
NGE] [CELLRA
NGE]
[CELLRA
NGE]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
All, 100% 50% of the
residence
No, 75% of the
residence
Rooms Heated

28. I N T E R V E N T I O N S
Windows / Glazing
• Most of the Residences (80%) have double glazed
windows installed (during construction or later as an
intervention)Thermal Insulation Measures
• Thermal Insulation as an Intervention Measure only
at 2 residences (11%)
[CELLRANGE]
External Walls
[CELLRANGE]
Roof
[CELLRANGE]
Double Glazing
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Thermal Insulation
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NO YES
Intervention Measures
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
[CELLRANG
E]
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
None External Walls,
Windows, Floor
Internal Walls
Description of Intervention

29. E N E R G Y B E H A V I O R ( G E N E R A L )
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
Jun-Jul Aug-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Jan Feb-Mar Apr-May
P1A
P1B
P1C
P1D
P1E
P1F
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
Jun-Jul Aug-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Jan Feb-Mar Apr-May
P2A
P2B
P2C
P2D
P2E
P2F
P2G
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
Jun-Jul Aug-Sep Oct-Nov Dev-Jan Feb-Mar Apr-May
P3A
P3B
P3C
P3D
P3E
P3F
Mean Annual
Consumption (kWh)
Standard
Deviation
Period 1 797 128
Period 2 874 210
Period 3 477 116
Total Mean 716 172
0
500
1000
1500 Mean Annual Consumption
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
 Initial Estimation
 Peak Values at Summer and Winter Period : Cause of Split
Units (A/C) for Heating or Cooling
 Reduction of Energy Consumption at Period 3 : More Efficient
Designs

30. E N E R G Y B E H A V I O R ( B Y A R E A A N D R E S I D E N T S )
 Energy Behavior according to :
o size of residence (kWh/m2),
o Number of Residents
o Usage Duration
 Similar Distribution during Seasons
o Peak Values at Winter and Summer
 Difference in Energy distribution during Periods:
o Lower Consumption per Resident at Period 2
o Higher number of residents at Period 2
Mean Annual Consumption per m2
(kWh)
Standard
Deviation
Period 1 5 1
Period 2 7 2
Period 3 4 1
0
2
4
6
8
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3
Mean Annual Consumption per resident
(kWh/person)
Standard
Deviation
Period 1 275 50
Period 2 239 54
Period 3 196 54
Mean Annual Consumption per usage
hour
Standard
Deviation
Period 1 82 16
Period 2 62 15
Period 3 37 8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3
Annual Consumption
per Area, per Resident, per Usage Time

31. E N E R G Y B E H A V I O R ( C O M B I N E D P A R A M E T E R S )
 Similar Distribution during Seasons
o Peak Values at Winter and Summer
 Similar Distribution to the Initial Estimation
o Most Efficient Third Period as expected
o Second Period less efficient than First
• Similar Design with First Period
• More electromechanical equipment
• Addition of double glazing but
Removal of Shutters
Mean Annual Consumption (kWh) Standard Deviation
Period 1 19 4
Period 2 31 7
Period 3 10 2
19
31
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3

32. Model P1

33. Model P1
Plan Views

34. Model P1: Characteristics
• First Period (P2) - 1984-1999
• 115m2 three-bedroom single family residence
• Location: Nicosia, meteorological zone 2, Cyprus
• Type: semi-detached two-storey structure.
• Construction structural and thermal characteristics
• envelope formed by common 20cm bricks, non-insulated
• reinforced concrete structural elements (uninsulated)
• reinforced concrete floors and roof (uninsulated)
• Floors - finished by screed and ceramic tiles
• roofs by screed and roofing felt (bituminous membrane waterproofing)
• additional wooden roof structure with tiles
• Openings: single - glazed windows made of aluminium and wooden
doors
• Ground floor level - altitude of +100.14m
• height of each floor - around 3.00m
• ground floor - kitchen, living room, WC, staircase
• first floor: corridor, three bedrooms, two bathrooms

35. P2 Model
MSc Thesis

36. Model P2
Plan Views
6/18/18 36

37. 6/18/18 37
• Second period (P2) - 2000-2008
• 94m2 three-bedroom single family residence of the
• Location: Nicosia, meteorological zone 2, Cyprus
• Type: semi-detached two-storey structure.
• Construction structural and thermal characteristics
• envelope formed by common 20cm bricks, non-insulated
• reinforced concrete structural elements
• reinforced concrete floors and roof
• Floors - finished by screed and ceramic tiles
• roofs by screed and roofing felt (bituminous membrane waterproofing)
• additional wooden roof structure with tiles
• Openings: double glazed windows and doors made of aluminium.
• Improvements over the previous period on architectural design,
• Ground floor level - altitude of +102.95m
• height of each floor - around 2.90m (
• ground floor - kitchen, living room, WC, staircase
• first floor: corridor, three bedrooms, bathroom.
Model P2: Characteristics

38. P3 Model

39. Model P3
Plan Views
6/18/18 39

40. 6/18/18 40
Third period (P3) - 2009-2014
• 86m2 three-bedroom single family residence
• Location: Nicosia, meteorological zone 2, Cyprus
• Type: semi-detached two-storey structure.
• Construction structural and thermal characteristics
• Minimum requirements for the energy performance of buildings
• Envelope: 25cm Thermal bricks
• Reinforced concrete structural elements, insulated (3cm exterior)
• Reinforced concrete floors and roof insulated (5cm exterior)
• Floors - finished by screed and ceramic tiles
• roofs by screed and roofing felt (bituminous membrane waterproofing)
and thermal insulation
• Openings: double glazed Low-e windows made of aluminium - Solid
Wood Door
• Improvements in architectural design
• Ground floor level - altitude of +252.90m
• height of each floor - around 2.90m
• ground floor - kitchen, living room, WC, staircase, storage place
• first floor: corridor, three bedrooms, bathroom
Model P3: Characteristics

41. Energy Models
Model P3
Model P1
Model P2

42. Energy Analysis (Detailed Elements)
6/18/18 42

43. 2 . P a s s i v e H o u s e A p p l i c a t i o n
i n t h e S o c i a l H o u s i n g S e c t o r
Open University of Cyprus
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
M i l o s I l i c
Dipl. Ing. Structural Engineer
Certified Passive House Designer and Trainer
www.eipak.org
Department of Civil Engineering
3 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 8

44. Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

45. KΟΑΓ no insulation
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

46. ΚΟΑΓ B category
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

47. ΚΟΑΓ Passive House
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

48. ΚΟΑΓ Β Passive
House
Οροφή / 1710 3078 €
Εξ. Τοιχοποιία / 13186 € 16309 €
Δάπεδο ισογείου / / 1197 €
Κουφώματα
/shutters
/ 10000 € 14000€
Αερο
στεγανότητα
/ / 1200 €
HRV / / 12000 €
A/C 8800 € 8800 € 5400 €
Heating 2400 € 2400 € /
Σύνολο 11200 € 36096 € 54184 €
Έξτρα Κόστος
ανα μονάδα
2800 € 9023 € 13296 €
Τετρακατοικία
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

49. Τετρακατοικία
Διαφορά μεταξύ ΚΟΑΓ και Passive House
Έξτρα κόστος
13296 –2800 = 10496 €
Ζήτηση ενέργειας για ψύξη και θέρμανση
23490 KWh – 1522 KWh = 21968 KWh → 1244 €
Διαφορά μεταξύ Β και Passive House
Έξτρα κόστος
13296 – 9023 = 4273 €
Ζήτηση ενέργειας για ψύξη και θέρμανση
7322 KWh - 1522 KWh = 5800 KWh → € 348
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

50. ΚΟΑΓ Β Passive House
Οροφή / / 1560 €
Εξ. Τοιχοποιία / 11800 € 13820 €
Δάπεδο ισογείου / / 650 €
Κουφώματα/shutter
s
/ 4000 € 5000 €
Αερο στεγανότητα / / 2000 €
HRV / / 9000 €
A/C 8000 € 8000 € 5000 €
Heating 2000 € 2000 € /
Σύνολο 10000 € 25800 € 37030 €
Έξτρα Κόστος ανα
μονάδα
5000 € 12900 € 18515 €
Διπλοκατοικία
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

51. Διπλοκατοικία
Διαφορά μεταξύ ΚΟΑΓ (Β) και Passive House
Έξτρα κόστος
18515 – 5000 = 13515 €
Ζήτηση ενέργειας για ψύξη και θέρμανση
42768 KWh - 2772 KWh = 39996 KWh → 2399 €
Διαφορά μεταξύ Β νέο και Passive House
Έξτρα κόστος
18515 – 12900 = 5615 €
Ζήτηση ενέργειας για ψύξη και θέρμανση
13332 KWh - 2772 KWh = 10560 KWh → 633 €
Passiexpo 2018 2-3 November Athens

52. Social Housing in Hot Climate
0 3 / 1 1 / 201 8
Ευχαριστούμε για την προσοχή σας !
Milos Ilic
PH Design
m.ilic@phdesign.com.cy
Kyriacos Polycarpou
Cyprus Land Development Corporation
k.polykarpou@cldc.org.cy
Dr-Ing Paris A. Fokaides
Frederick University Cyprus
eng.fp@frederick.ac.cy
PASSIEXPO2018:The road to nZEB 2-3 November, Athens