Israeli researcher on aging, Ilia Stambler spoke remotely at Nigeria ICT Fest 2015 on the topic "The Tasks of Longevity Promotion: Science, Ethics and Public Policy"
Covid -19 informations you have to knowfathi neana
With Corona worldwide pandemic the people who exposed to the virus show different reactions some did not catch the virus and among those who catch the virus most of them did not show any symptoms or mild unnoticeable symptoms but some of them show sever manifestations and are killed by this virulent virus. Luckily enough this last group are the minority. The question is not why some people is affected by the virus but th question should be why most of the people are not affected or even those who are affected can defeat the virus and escape its fatal outcome?. To answer this question we have to know some basic facts.
Dr. Colin Depp of the UCSD Stein Institute on Aging presents on overview of our aging population and why elder abuse will rise during a powerful presentation at the June 7 Glenner Symposium on Elder Abuse and Neglect Training for health care professionals.
Dr. Lithgow, from the Buck Institute, presents evidence from his lab that multiple age-related diseases share a common root in cellular aging processes, and furthermore that interventions designed to affect the aging process could prevent or delay such diseases.
Covid -19 informations you have to knowfathi neana
With Corona worldwide pandemic the people who exposed to the virus show different reactions some did not catch the virus and among those who catch the virus most of them did not show any symptoms or mild unnoticeable symptoms but some of them show sever manifestations and are killed by this virulent virus. Luckily enough this last group are the minority. The question is not why some people is affected by the virus but th question should be why most of the people are not affected or even those who are affected can defeat the virus and escape its fatal outcome?. To answer this question we have to know some basic facts.
Dr. Colin Depp of the UCSD Stein Institute on Aging presents on overview of our aging population and why elder abuse will rise during a powerful presentation at the June 7 Glenner Symposium on Elder Abuse and Neglect Training for health care professionals.
Dr. Lithgow, from the Buck Institute, presents evidence from his lab that multiple age-related diseases share a common root in cellular aging processes, and furthermore that interventions designed to affect the aging process could prevent or delay such diseases.
Bill Faloon at Healthy Masters Conference 2020maximuspeto
Bill Faloon explores the recent hyperbaric oxygen study published in the journal Aging, in which the researchers reported a 20% increase in average telomere length in the human study volunteers.
The Doctor and the Good Life - Introduction to Bioethics and Natural LawAmiel Villanueva
Second version of my lecture on medical ethics / bioethics to the Learning Unit II class of the UP College of Medicine as part of IDC 201: History of Medicine. This was presented last May 9, 2018.
Slide design by SlidesCarnival (slidescarnival.com)
What is Stem Cell ?
History of Stem Cells ?
Stages of Embryogenesis
Blastocyst Diagram
Three types of stem cells
Differentiation of ESC
Adult Stem Cells
Bone Marrow
Umbilical cord stem cells
Factors known to affect stem cells
Niche cells activates Stem cells
Regenerative Medicine : Indian Scenario
Bill Faloon gives update about human age-reversal clinical studiesmaximuspeto
In this presentation, Bill Faloon gives an update on clinical studies aimed and reversing age-related degeneration in humans at the DaVinci 50 Masters Conference in Key Largo, Florida on April 29th, 2021.
HOW TO MAKE THE UTOPIA OF ACHIEVING THE IMMORTALITY OF HUMAN BEINGS A REALITY...Faga1939
This article aims to present the progress of what has been done to make the achievement of immortality for human beings a reality and to eliminate the dystopia represented by the inevitability of the death of human beings. There has long been a human obsession with overcoming death. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The belief that, if it is not possible to overcome death, but that it would be possible to prolong life considerably, it is based on the fact that man's life expectancy increased from 30 years in 1500, 37 years in 1800, 45 years in 1900 , 46.5 years in 1950 and 80 years in 2012. The achievement of a longer existence in the 20th century resulted from the improvement of sanitary conditions in cities and the creation of public health services. Furthermore, science discovered vaccines and antibiotics that made it possible to prevent diseases and control epidemics. The increase in educational and income levels also contributed to improving the quality of life and further extending longevity in the third or – perhaps we could say – fourth age. We are heading towards the difficulty of distinguishing between what is organic and what is machine in the future of the human being. In medicine, the heralds of immortality claim that it is nothing more than a real consequence of an ongoing revolution that is already causing the increase in human life expectancy to skyrocket at unprecedented speed. The replacement of diseased organs with healthy ones is another of the reasons given by scientists to justify the belief in a spectacularly long life. Aging is a biological process that can be perfectly controlled, in the same way that science has already managed to combat many diseases that were previously considered incurable. The idea of altering or increasing the capacity of the human body through technology is as old as humanity itself.
For long time there is a human obsession to overcome death. In the past, man sought to overcome death through the religions. In the contemporary era, we started to believe that it would be possible to overcome death with the use of science and technology. The belief that, if it´s not possible to overcome death, but that it would be possible to extend the life is based on the fact that the life expectancy of men increased from 30 years in 1500, 37 years in 1800, 45 years in 1900, 46.5 years in 1950 and 80 years in 2012. The Superinteressante magazine (<http: />) published an article under the title Quem quer viver 1 000 anos? (Who wants to live 1000 years?), which states that the achievement of a longer existence in the 20th century resulted from the improvement of sanitary conditions in the cities and the creation of public health services. In addition, science discovered vaccines and antibiotics that made possible the disease prevention and control of epidemics. The increase in educational level and income also contributed to improving the quality of life and increase the longevity even more in the third or -. perhaps we can say - fourth age.
Biohacker Summit 2022 presentation – 10 Hallmarks of Aging & Reversal Olli Sovijärvi
My comprehensive presentation on the 10 hallmarks of aging and how to reverse aging by targeting these. History of anti-aging research, recent discoveries and lifestyle hacking.
Oration given on the occasion of the award of the Ruth Sanger Medal to Albert Farrugia by the Australia and New Zealand Society for Blood Transfusion, October 2009
Bill Faloon at Healthy Masters Conference 2020maximuspeto
Bill Faloon explores the recent hyperbaric oxygen study published in the journal Aging, in which the researchers reported a 20% increase in average telomere length in the human study volunteers.
The Doctor and the Good Life - Introduction to Bioethics and Natural LawAmiel Villanueva
Second version of my lecture on medical ethics / bioethics to the Learning Unit II class of the UP College of Medicine as part of IDC 201: History of Medicine. This was presented last May 9, 2018.
Slide design by SlidesCarnival (slidescarnival.com)
What is Stem Cell ?
History of Stem Cells ?
Stages of Embryogenesis
Blastocyst Diagram
Three types of stem cells
Differentiation of ESC
Adult Stem Cells
Bone Marrow
Umbilical cord stem cells
Factors known to affect stem cells
Niche cells activates Stem cells
Regenerative Medicine : Indian Scenario
Bill Faloon gives update about human age-reversal clinical studiesmaximuspeto
In this presentation, Bill Faloon gives an update on clinical studies aimed and reversing age-related degeneration in humans at the DaVinci 50 Masters Conference in Key Largo, Florida on April 29th, 2021.
HOW TO MAKE THE UTOPIA OF ACHIEVING THE IMMORTALITY OF HUMAN BEINGS A REALITY...Faga1939
This article aims to present the progress of what has been done to make the achievement of immortality for human beings a reality and to eliminate the dystopia represented by the inevitability of the death of human beings. There has long been a human obsession with overcoming death. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The belief that, if it is not possible to overcome death, but that it would be possible to prolong life considerably, it is based on the fact that man's life expectancy increased from 30 years in 1500, 37 years in 1800, 45 years in 1900 , 46.5 years in 1950 and 80 years in 2012. The achievement of a longer existence in the 20th century resulted from the improvement of sanitary conditions in cities and the creation of public health services. Furthermore, science discovered vaccines and antibiotics that made it possible to prevent diseases and control epidemics. The increase in educational and income levels also contributed to improving the quality of life and further extending longevity in the third or – perhaps we could say – fourth age. We are heading towards the difficulty of distinguishing between what is organic and what is machine in the future of the human being. In medicine, the heralds of immortality claim that it is nothing more than a real consequence of an ongoing revolution that is already causing the increase in human life expectancy to skyrocket at unprecedented speed. The replacement of diseased organs with healthy ones is another of the reasons given by scientists to justify the belief in a spectacularly long life. Aging is a biological process that can be perfectly controlled, in the same way that science has already managed to combat many diseases that were previously considered incurable. The idea of altering or increasing the capacity of the human body through technology is as old as humanity itself.
For long time there is a human obsession to overcome death. In the past, man sought to overcome death through the religions. In the contemporary era, we started to believe that it would be possible to overcome death with the use of science and technology. The belief that, if it´s not possible to overcome death, but that it would be possible to extend the life is based on the fact that the life expectancy of men increased from 30 years in 1500, 37 years in 1800, 45 years in 1900, 46.5 years in 1950 and 80 years in 2012. The Superinteressante magazine (<http: />) published an article under the title Quem quer viver 1 000 anos? (Who wants to live 1000 years?), which states that the achievement of a longer existence in the 20th century resulted from the improvement of sanitary conditions in the cities and the creation of public health services. In addition, science discovered vaccines and antibiotics that made possible the disease prevention and control of epidemics. The increase in educational level and income also contributed to improving the quality of life and increase the longevity even more in the third or -. perhaps we can say - fourth age.
Biohacker Summit 2022 presentation – 10 Hallmarks of Aging & Reversal Olli Sovijärvi
My comprehensive presentation on the 10 hallmarks of aging and how to reverse aging by targeting these. History of anti-aging research, recent discoveries and lifestyle hacking.
Oration given on the occasion of the award of the Ruth Sanger Medal to Albert Farrugia by the Australia and New Zealand Society for Blood Transfusion, October 2009
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ilia stambler longevity promotion - longevity for all - Nigeria ICT Fest 2015
1. The Tasks of Longevity Promotion:
Science, Ethics and Public Policy
Ilia Stambler, PhD
Department of Science, Technology and Society
Bar Ilan University, Israel
ilia.stambler@gmail.com
Author: A History of Life-Extensionism in the Twentieth Century
http://www.longevityhistory.com/
http://www.longevityforall.org/
http://isoad.org/
3. 1. Feasibility
Aging – the Main Risk Factor
of Non-Communicable Diseases
http://web.stanford.edu/group/brunet/background.html
The Demographic and Biomedical Case for
Late-Life Interventions in Aging
Michael J. Rae,1 Robert N. Butler,2* Judith
Campisi,3 Aubrey D. N. J. de Grey,1
Caleb E. Finch,4 Michael Gough,5 George M.
Martin,6 Jan Vijg,7 Kevin M.
Perrott,8 Barbara J. Logan8††. Science
Translational Medicine.
Published 14 July 2010; Volume 2 Issue 40 40cm21
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/2/40/40cm21.full
4. Aging is not commonly considered
a risk factor for disease
But it should be!
To extend healthy life – we need to
ameliorate degenerative aging!
Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei
G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al.
(2012). A comparative risk
assessment of burden of disease
and injury attributable to 67 risk
factors and risk factor clusters in 21
regions, 1990–2010: a systematic
analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2010, Lancet,
380:2224-2260.
5. If the Degenerative Aging Processes are the Main Risk Factors for Diseases
– The aging processes should be addressed preferentially!
Can we postpone, or even reverse those processes?
Yes. We Can!
Basic Aging Process Disease Potential Treatment
Inflammation
(“Inflammaging”)
Heart Disease, Cancer Anti-inflammatory
substances
Cross-linkage Atherosclerosis Enzymatic hydrolysis,
Oxido-reductive
depolimerization,
immunoclearance
Demineralization Osteoporosis Supplementation
Loss of DNA Repair Cancer DNA Repair Enhancement
Stem cell depletion Neurodegenerative diseases Stem cell therapy
Beta Cell senescence Diabetes Cell therapy, elimination of
senescent cells
Naïve T cell depletion Susceptibility to infectious
diseases
Thymus regeneration
6. Can we extend Healthy Longevity? Yes, we can!
Feasibility: Some sources of hope
Life expectancy increases Technology advances
Long-lived/non-aging Life-forms Experimental life-extension
7. The Pursuit of Longevity is ancient
But its scientific pursuit is young
Just about 100 years old
Elie Metchnikoff (1845 – 1916)
Cytotoxic Serum
(Immunotherapy),
Probiotic Diet – 1900s
Hormone Replacement
Therapy - 1889
www.longevityhistory.com
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/rej.2013.1527
Charles-Édouard Brown-
Séquard (1817 – 1894)
New Therapies were developed in the study of aging and longevity
8. Some un-orthodox methods were proposed for the combat of aging
and extending longevity (1900s-1930s)
Though flawed – they were important for the development of
medical technology
Subtraction - resections:
• Colectomy (William Arbuthnot-
Lane, 1856 – 1943)
• Appendectomy
• Tonsillectomy
• Hysterectomy
Addition - Transplantations:
• Sex Gland Transplantation
(Heteroplastic) - Serge
Voronoff (1866 – 1951)
• Sex Gland Vasoligation
(Autoplastic) - Eugen
Steinach (1861 - 1944)
• Culture of Organs - Alexis
Carrel (1873 – 1944)
Before and After Steinach’s OperationCarrel’s Perfusion PumpLane’s colectomy
Addition: Blood transfusion –
Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928)
9. After the war – medical technologies advance dramatically,
making elimination of damage and replacement of aging organs
feasible (1950s-1970s)
Subtraction – Elimination of Damage
• Antibiotics
• Immunosuppressants
• Chemotherapy
• Antioxidants
• Laparoscopy
Addition – Tissue replacement
• Biological Transplants:
• Artery bypass graft (1953), human
kidney (1954), heart valve (1955),
bone-marrow containing adult
stem cells (1956), liver (1963),
lung (1963), hand (1964),
pancreas (1966), heart (1967),
head (in a monkey,1963).
Cryopreservation (1952, 1967).
• Bionic Transplants and
Resuscitation devices:
• Heart valve (1951), cardiac pace-
maker (1952), heart and lung
machine (1953), artificial kidney –
dialysis machine (1955), artificial
hip replacements (1962), the first
prototypes of biosensors and
artificial blood (1962), a computer-
controlled arm (1963), synthetic
skin (1965), cardiac stent (1964,
1977).
Laparoscopic
procedure
Hip replacement
10. Interventions now reach the genetic level (1990s-2010s)
Genetic engineering
Subtraction
Gene Inhibition for “Aging
Accelerating Genes”:
DAF, mTOR, IGF, NF-κB
RNA Interference
Addition
Gene Stimulation for
“Longevity Genes”:
Sirtuins, FOXO, Klotho,
cholesteryl ester transfer
protein (CETP), Telomerase
Gene Inhibition/Stimulation Gene Splicing DNA Repair RNA Interference
There is a need to consider
epigenetic – environmental factors
in relation to the genes
http://www.senescence.info/genetics_of_aging.html
11. Geroprotectors – Substances
to delay degenerative aging processes and
extend healthy longevity
Working through subtraction of damage vs. addition of deficits –
Toward Balance
The correct dosage is vital (“The Dose makes the Poison”)
Subtraction / Detoxification
• Chelation
• Enterosorbents
• Statins
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-glycemic
• Anti-oxidant
• Anti-coagulants
Addition / Supplementation
• Hormone Replacement Therapy
• Hyaluronan
• Vitamins
• Microelements
• Macroergics
• Mitochondrial modulators
• Peptide bio-regulators
http://www.denigma.de/lifespan/interventions/?manipulation=12
http://genomics.senescence.info/drugs/ http://www.geroprotectors.org/ http://ageing-map.org/
12. The interventions reach the molecular/nano level –
Nanomedicine
Subtraction
• Carbon and Gold nano-shells to
eliminate cancer and senescent
cells
• Targeted Drug Delivery
(Liposomes)
• “Artificial immune cells”
are in Research and Development
Addition
- C60 fullerene nano-particles
- Artificial Cells such as:
• “Nanobots” for molecular repair
• “Artificial respirocytes” for oxygen
delivery
are in Research and Development
Gold nano-shells Artificial Immune
Cells
Artificial Respirocytes
(Oxygen Delivery)
http://www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html
http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/
13. Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS)
“The 7 Deadly Things”
• Addition:
• 6) Cell loss and tissue atrophy to
be replenished by adding stem
cells and tissue engineering
(RepleniSENS)
• 7) Mutant mitochondria to be
backed up by allotopic expression
of 13 proteins in the nucleus
(MitoSENS);
• Subtraction:
• 1) Death-resistant cells to be
removed by targeted ablation
(ApoptoSENS)
• 2) Tissue stiffening to be
prevented by compounds breaking
Advanced Glycation End-products
– AGE-breakers (GlycoSENS)
• 3) Extracellular aggregates to be
cleaned up by immunotherapeutic
clearance (AmyloSENS)
• 4) Intracellular aggregates to be
dissolved by novel lysosomal
hydrolases (LysoSENS)
• 5) Nuclear (epi-)mutations leading
to cancer to be neutralized by the
removal of telomere-lengthening
machinery (OncoSENS)
http://www.sens.org/
https://mfoundation.org/
14. Regenerative Medicine
Subtraction
Cell removal
• Apoptosis – regulated cell death
• Tumor Suppression
• Removal of senescent cells
Addition
Cell replenishment
• Induction of regeneration
• Stem cells and their products
• Tissue engineering (bioreactors /
scaffolds/ tissue printing)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_medicine
http://www.wakehealth.edu/WFIRM/
15. Robotics/Bionics/AI
Subtraction:
• Robotic Surgery
Addition:
• Artificial Limbs
• Artificial Organs
• Exoskeletons
• Brain-Computer Interfaces/Neuro-prosthetics
Brain-Computer Interface
Neuro-prosthetics
Artificial Heart Robotic Arm
Exoskeleton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_organ
http://www.humanlongevity.com/
Data mining
17. “Those who, on the other hand, take an optimistic view, … must
regard as conduct to be approved that which fosters life in self
and others, and as conduct to be disapproved that which injures
or endangers life in self or others…
Legislation conducive to increased longevity would, on the
pessimistic view, remain blameable; while it would be
praiseworthy on the optimistic view.” (Herbert Spencer, 1820-
1903, The Data of Ethics, 1879)
“It is written: ‘When you build a new house, you should make
a parapet for your roof so that you bring not bloodshed upon
your house should any man fall therefrom’ [Deut. 22:8]. …
This demonstrates, however, that there is no firmly
determined time for death. Moreover, the elimination of
harmful things is efficacious in prolonging life, whereas the
undertaking of dangerous things is the basis for shortening
life.” (Maimonides, Rabbi Mosheh ben Maimon,1135-1204,
Responsum on Longevity)
2. Desirability
Life Extension – Expression of the Valuation of Life
18. “There are no intellectual reasons or rules to denote the
impossibility of an extended life span; therefore, we
cannot deny it”
(Allameh Tabatabaei, 1904-1981)
“We must rebel against the vulnerability of the human body. …
Life is now too precious … More than ever therefore it is urgent
to overcome death”
(Fereidoun M. Esfandiary, 1930-2000, The Upwingers, 1977)
“If you could take a man, dissect him in such a way as to balance
his natures [qualities] and then restore him to life, he would no
longer be subject to death”
(Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān – a.k.a. Jabir / Geber, c. 721-815)
19. Desirability: Longevity is a
pragmatic value
• Human Development Index:
Longevity, Education, Income
(these values are correlated)
20. Longevity – The Correlate of
Wellbeing
• Longevity Education
• Longevity Intellectual Activity
• Longevity Prosperity
• Longevity “Indicator of economic
success and failure” (GDP/GDP per
capita)
• Longevity Equality (Gini Index)
• Longevity Peacefulness
21. Objections to Extended Longevity
(for the Individual)
• Objections:
• Diminishing change
• Spiritual and mental
stagnation, boredom,
lack of progress and
achievement
• Prolonged suffering
• Death gives meaning
to life
• Counterarguments:
• Stability is necessary
• Potential for learning
and achievement is
increased with
increasing lifespan
• Suffering preventable
• Life has a meaning of
its own
22. Life Quality and Life Quantity
are Inseparable
(The Centenarians are the Model)
23. Is extended longevity detrimental to the society?
The question of “shortage of resources” and
“overpopulation”
Ethical counterarguments:
- Valuation of life overrides inconvenience
- Controlled social development preferable over blind
selection
- Social solidarity and unification desirable even at some
loss of resources
24. Empirical counterarguments –
“Will Malthus continue to be wrong?”
World (1963)
• Land and Food Requirements: ~550 people per square kilometer (over 700 if all the
food comes from nutritious crops); minimal food requirement ~500 kilograms dry
weight per person per year; the world dry land available for agriculture ~82 million
square kilometers
• Agricultural productivity – Yield of wheat in the UK (best in 1960) – 3,500 kg per
hectare
• Enough to feed at least 45 billion people
(The Agricultural Economics Research Institute of Oxford, Clark 1963)
• Since that time, both agricultural and industrial productivity increased
dramatically
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Demographic and Economic Change - UK - 1960-
2000
Life Expectancy Increase %
Population Increase %
Agricultural Productivity Increase
%
General Productivity - GDP per
Capita Increase %
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Yield of Crops (kg per hectare)
UK - 1960
UK - 2000
Kuwait - 2010
Oman 2010
Demographic and economic change – UK – 1960-2000 Yield of crops – kg per hectare
25. Overpopulation will NOT be the result of Life
Extension
• Overpopulation is the problem of countries
with relatively *LOW* Life Expectancy –
overcompensating for high mortality with
high fertility
• Still, efforts for egalitarian development are
necessary.
• Given the benefits, Longevity
needs to be actively pursued.
26. 3. Action
Given the Feasibility and Desirability
– a Program for the Pursuit of
Healthy Longevity
is needed
27. The Program for the Pursuit of
Healthy Longevity
From the outside:
• Gerontotechnologies (Robotics/
Assisted Living)
• Healthy Lifestyle (nutrition, exercise, rest)
• Preventive geriatrics
• Cognitive and psychological techniques
• Environmental technologies
• Improving conditions of daily life, means
of access and convenience for the aged
• Social, educational and occupational
integrative frameworks for the aged
28. The Program for Healthy
Longevity
From the inside:
• Regenerative medicine:
stem cells and their products,
regeneration and cell death
• Tissue engineering
• Gene therapy: activation of sirtuins,
telomerase, other “longevity genes”.
Epigenetic therapy
• Geroprotectors
• Nanomedicine
• Artificial organ replacement
• Quantified self. Data Mining
29. How do we make it?
• How do we pursue healthy life extension? What is the
plan?
• How do we make it an individual and social priority?
• Who pays and for what?
• Who makes the decisions?
• How do we make life-extending technologies universally
accessible?
30. Program for the Pursuit of Longevity -
Health Policy and Research Policy Changes are
needed
• Possible Initial Recommendations: Providing increased funding,
incentives and coordination for academic, commercial and public
organizations involved in Research and Development to ameliorate
degenerative aging processes as the basis for future treatment of non-
communicative diseases, health care for the aged and extending healthy
longevity.
31. • Governments should ensure the creation and implementation of the following policies to
promote research into the biology of aging and aging-related diseases, for improving the
health and longevity of the global elderly population
(The Critical Need to Promote Research of Aging. Aging and Disease, 6, 2015
http://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/10.14336/AD.2014.1210)
• Funding:
• Ensuring a significant increase of governmental and non-governmental funding for goal-
directed (translational) research in preventing the degenerative aging processes, and the
associated chronic non-communicable diseases and disabilities, and for extending healthy
and productive life, during the entire life course.
• Specifically:
• Dedicating a designated percentage of budget within relevant ministries, such as ministries of health and/or science, particularly in the divisions concerning research and
treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases.
• Dedicating a specific percentage of the profits of commercial pharmacological, biotechnology and medical technology companies to such research and development.
• Establishing relevant research grant programs on a competitive as well as goal-directed basis.
• Doubling of funding for such research every 5 years for the next 20 years.
• Incentives:
• Developing and adopting legal and regulatory frameworks that give incentives for goal-
directed research and development designed to specifically address the development,
registration, administration and accessibility of drugs, medical technologies and other
therapies that will ameliorate the aging processes and associated diseases and extend
healthy life.
• Specifically:
• Developing criteria for efficacy and safety of geroprotective therapies.
• Facilitating in silico and animal testing, and ethical safety-enhanced human testing of such therapies.
• Deploying and ensuring geroprotective therapies in the status of adjuvant and life-extending therapies.
• Providing a shortened approval pathway for therapies with high level of efficacy evidence in preclinical and early clinical trials, as well as in cases of advanced
degenerative and seemingly futile conditions.
• Granting a special recognition, status and benefits to commercial and public entities engaged is such research and development.
• Institutions:
• Establishing and expanding national and international coordination and consultation
structures, programs and institutions to steer promotion of research, development and
education on the biology of aging and associated diseases and the development of clinical
guidelines to modulate the aging processes and associated aging-related diseases and to
extend the healthy and productive lifespan for the population.
• Specifically:
• Establishing Biogerontology specialty and courses in Biogerontology as a common part of university curriculum.
• Developing and disseminating geroprotective regiments, based on the best available evidence, as part of authoritative health recommendations.
• Establishing cooperative centers of excellence for fundamental, translational and applied studies, alongside centers for strategic analysis, forecast, education and policy
development on aging and longevity research, at academic institutes and various governmental and supra-governmental agencies.
32. Healthy Longevity – The Common Goal
Everyone Can Help
• Research. Educate yourself about recent advances in longevity
science, as well as its social implications.
• Study relevant fields, such as: bio-gerontology; geriatrics;
biotechnology; medical technology; social work; regenerative
medicine; nano-medicine; nutrition; ergonomics; and other fields
related to healthy longevity.
• Join others. Discuss longevity research with friends. Organize study
groups and live meetings. Join or start a network of supporters for
longevity science on line.
• Participate, research, work, volunteer or donate for academic and
public organizations involved in longevity research.
• Lobby. Promote legislation and policies supportive for longevity
research.
• Practice a healthy, life-prolonging life-style.
http://isoad.org/
http://www.longecity.org/
http://www.longevityalliance.org/
http://www.longevityforall.org/
Healthy Longevity – The Common Goal
Everyone Can Help