THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/ FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/ Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #immunity,#acquiredimmunity,#innateimmunity,#activeimmunity, #passiveimmuniyt,#childhealthnursing#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing

1. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
TO WATCH THIS SLIDE
WITH VOICE
EXPALINATION AS VIDEO
PLEASE VISIT MY
YOUTUBE CHANNEL
“MY STUDENT
SUPPORT SYSTEM”

2. IMMUNITY
Immunity is the capability of
multicellular organisms ( i.e. human
being) to resist harmful microorganisms
from entering their cells. It is also known
as Host Defense. The most important
physiologic function of the immune
system is to prevent or eradicate
infections .The study of immunity is
known as immunology.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF
IMMUNITY
Basically immunity is classified in two types-
1.Innate Immunity
(Nonspecific Immunity)
2.Acquired Immunity
(Specific Immunity)

4. 1.Innate Immunity
(Nonspecific Immunity)
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity or
native immunity, is always present in healthy
individuals (hence the term innate), prepared to
block the entry of microbes and to rapidly
eliminate microbes that do succeed in entering
host tissues. It is non specific, means it acts
against all the pathogens.

5. Innate Immunity
(Nonspecific Immunity)….
The innate immune system is essentially made up
of barriers that aim to keep viruses, bacteria,
parasites, and other foreign particles out of your
body or limit their ability to spread and move
throughout the body. The innate immune response
is able to combat microbes immediately upon
infection

6. Innate Immunity
(Nonspecific Immunity)….
The innate immune system includes following
components-
Physical defense system
Chemical defense system
Cellular defense system

7. Physical defense
Physical defense system includes:
Skin acts as physical barrier against entry of
microorganisms into our body. Mucus membrane
is also a physical barrier but is less stronger than
skin. If there is cut , wound or skin infection than
microbes can enter into our body. It is first line of
defense and acts as strong fort against invaders.

8. Chemical defense
The Chemical defense system includes :
Antimicrobial peptides and cytokines produced by
skin, sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles
produce large amounts of fatty acids which create an
acidic environment that is hostile to microorganisms.
Acid produced by stomach and lysozyme present in
tears and saliva also acts as chemical defense as they
are able to destroy pathogens.

9. Cellular defense
There are many types of white blood cells,
or leukocytes, that work to defend and protect the
human body. The following cells are leukocytes of the
innate immune system:
Phagocytes, or Phagocytic cells: Phagocyte means
“eating cell”, which describes what role phagocytes
play in the immune response. Phagocytes circulate
throughout the body, looking for potential threats, like
bacteria and viruses, to engulf and destroy.

10. Cellular defense
Macrophages: Macrophages, can leave the
circulatory system by moving across the walls of
capillary vessels. The ability to roam outside of the
circulatory system is important
Mast cells: Mast cells are found in mucous
membranes and connective tissues, and are important
for wound healing and defense against pathogens via
the inflammatory response.

11. Cellular defense
Neutrophils: Neutrophils are phagocytic cells that are
also classified as granulocytes because they contain
granules in their cytoplasm. These granules are very
toxic to bacteria and fungi, and cause them to stop
proliferating or die on contact.
Eosinophils: Eosinophils are granulocytes target
multicellular parasites. Eosinophils secrete a range of
highly toxic proteins and free radicals that kill bacteria
and parasites.

12. Cellular defense
Basophils: Basophils are also granulocytes that
attack multicellular parasites. Basophils release
histamine, much like mast cells.
Natural Killer cells: Natural Killer cells (NK
cells), do not attack pathogens directly. Instead,
natural killer cells destroy infected host cells in
order to stop the spread of an infection.

13. 2.Acquired Immunity
(Specific Immunity)
Acquired immunity, is acquired in the life time of a
person by means of antigen-antibody response. It is
also called specific immunity because it is against a
particular or specific antigen (disease)
Antigen is a specific protein of microbes (bacteria,
virus or any other pathogen.)
Antibody is also a protein against the antigen
produced by our defense system.

14. ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY

15. Acquired Immunity
(Specific Immunity)
acquired Immunity is further classified into two types-
 Active Immunity
(Active acquired Immunity)
 Passive Immunity
(Passive acquired Immunity)

16. Active Immunity
This type of immunity is acquired actively by our
immune system after exposure to pathogenic antigen
naturally by means of having infection and producing
antibody against the particular antigen and also
artificially by getting vaccine against the particular
disease and producing antibody against the particular
antigen (Our vaccination system is based on this type of
acquired immunity process)

17. Active Immunity
The active immunity is further divided into two types –
Humoral immunity which is produced by B-Lymphocytes
(lymphocytes produced by bone marrow) which manufacture
specific antibodies. Theses antibodies are immunoglobulins
known as – igG, igM, igA ,igD and igE.
Cell Mediated immunity which is produced by T-
Lymphocytes (lymphocytes produced by Thymus gland). T-
Lymphocytes do not manufacture antibodies but are
responsible for recognition of antigen and produce a chain of
immune response after contact with the specific antigen again.

19. Passive Immunity
In passive immunity, an individual receives antibodies from
another individual who is already immune to an infection. Passive
immunity is therefore useful for rapidly getting immunity even
before the individual is able to mount an active response, but it does
not induce long-lived resistance to the infection. Example of passive
immunity is seen in newborns, whose immune systems are not
mature enough to respond to many pathogens but who are protected
against infections by acquiring antibodies from their mothers
through the placenta and breast milk (Natural passive immunity)

20. Passive Immunity
Clinically, passive immunity is limited to treatment of some
immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from
multiple donors, and for emergency treatment of some viral
infections and snakebites by using anti-serum(artificial passive
immunity). Plasma therapy is based on this types of immunity.
So we can understand that When the antibodies produced in one
body (human or animal) and transferred to another body to help
fight against infection it is known as passive immunity. In other
words it is a readymade immunity.
.

21. Herd Immunity
Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of a community
(the herd) becomes immune to a disease, naturally by getting
infected and recovered or artificially by getting vaccine,
making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely.
As a result, the whole community becomes protected. Herd
immunity is defined as the resistance to the spread of a
contagious disease within a population when sufficiently
high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease.

22. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )
TO UNDERSTAND THIS TOPIC EASILY PLEASE
WATCH THIS VIDEO ON MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL
AND DO NOT FORGET TO SUBSCRIBE