Igualdad de Género en la Ingeniería
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Presentación de la Ing. en Construcciones Alejandra Fogel en Lisboa. Complemento de presentación: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kftg9I_U5_o&feature=youtu.be
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Igualdad de Género en la Ingeniería
- 1. www.cpic.org.ar Women in Engineering Ing. Alejandra Fogel 25 de Setiembre de 2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 2. Gender Equality Equal Opportunities between men and women to participate in all areas of life on equal terms. Women and men must have the same possibilities of accessing all development resources. Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 2 “The path towards gender equality is not a technocratic goal: it is a political process. It requires a new paradigm in which women and men's stereotypes are left away and WE - all- recognize human beings independently from their sexuality and also as change drivers.” Source: UNDP, Human Development Report , 1995 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 3. Civil Engineering and women Old paradigms must be broken We need more women in Engineering Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 3 Eng. Elisa Bachofen from Argentina The first Civil Engineer in South America Graduated in 1918 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 4. Incoming Students in Civil Engineering, in Argentina Statistics incoming students (2007-2017) (Data collected from Education Ministry - University Policies Secretariat - Argentina - May, 2019.) Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 4 25/09/2019 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 NumberofIncomingStudents Period - Years Students in Civil Engineering in Argentina FEMALE MALE TOTAL Female Trend Male Trend Total Trend Gender Equality Standing Committee Increase in Total Incoming Students 62% Increase in Female Incoming Students 127%
- 5. Graduates in Civil Engineering, in Argentina Statistics graduates (2007-2017) (Data collected from Education Ministry - University Policies Secretariat - Argentina - May, 2019.) Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 5 25/09/2019 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 NumberofGraduates Period - Years Graduates in Civil Engineering in Argentina - 6 (six) years Degree FEMALE MALE TOTAL Female Trend Male Trend Total Trend Gender Equality Standing Committee Increase in Total Graduates 95% Increase in Female Graduates 230%
- 6. Postgraduates Degree / Masters Degree / PhD, in Argentina Statistics graduates (2007-2017) (Data collected from Education Ministry - University Policies Secretariat - Argentina - May, 2019.) Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 6 25/09/2019 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Numberof Postgaduates/Masters/Doctorates Period - Years Postgraduates/Masters/PhD in Civil Engineering in Argentina - 2 (two) years degree FEMALE MALE TOTAL Female Trend Male Trend Total Trend Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 7. Comparison between all university degrees and Civil Engineering: Evolution of incoming students and graduates (2008-2017) (Data collected from Education Ministry - University Information Department – Argentina) All university Fields of Studies Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 7 25/09/2019 Civil Engineering Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 8. Comparison between all university degrees and Civil Engineering – Male and Female – 2017 (Data collected from Education Ministry - University Information Department – Argentina) Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 8 25/09/2019 All university fields of studies Civil Engineering Gender Equality Standing Committee
- 9. Professional Associations of Civil Engineers in Argentina Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 9 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee 2016 2017 2018 2019 FEMALE 8.3 7.6 8.7 9.9 MALE 91.7 92.4 91.3 90.1 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Percentages Percentage of Male and Female Civil Engineers enrolled in Professional Associations in Argentina
- 10. Other countries of Latin America: Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 10 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2016 2017 2018 2019 NumberofIncoming Students Period - Years Incoming Students at Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico MALE FEMALE TOTAL 23% 23% 25% 26% 0 200 400 600 800 1000 2016 2017 2018 2019 NumberofGraduates Period - Years Graduates in Civil Engineering at Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico MALE FEMALE TOTAL 23% 27% 29% 29% Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Professional Associations 12% 12% 12% 12% 0% 50% 100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percentage Period - Years Male and Female Civil Engineers enrolled in College of Engineers and Surveyors of Puerto Rico MALE FEMALE 28% 27% 24% 29% 0% 50% 100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percentage Period - Years Male and Female Civil Engineers enrolled in College of Civil Engineers of Costa Rica MALE FEMALE Puerto Rico Costa Rica
- 11. Conclusions Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 11 25/09/2019 Difficulties Educational Field Gender Equality Standing Committee Old models: Engineering is only for men Lack of awareness campaings to break with these models in Primary/Secondary Schools Lack of incentives and programs to get young women interested in sciences Difficulties Proffesional & Work Fields Unplanned maternity Reconciling family responsibilities versus professional and labor responsibilities (socially pre-established roles) Family female image: women “caretaker” impacts on the possibilities of permanence and promotion in the labor structures. In Argentina, low standards regarding maternity leave (90 days) and paternity leave (5 days). This places us below ILO standards.
- 12. Source: UNWOMEN Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 12 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee Challenges For the Professional Associations: Development of incentive programs to promote and disseminate the Civil Engineering studies for girls. Adhere to Women’s Empowerment Principles - UN Women and UN Global Compact Programme. Work on Incentive Programs to access further higher education: Masters and PhD. Promoting female professional growth and equal opportunities to hierarchy positions.
- 13. Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 13 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee Challenges Civil Engineer for SDGs
- 14. Women In Engineering – Ing. Alejandra Fogel 14 25/09/2019 Gender Equality Standing Committee Challenges Civil Engineer for SDGs (Data collected : UNWOMEN / ICE)
- 15. WE ARE IN CONTACT Ing. Alejandra Fogel Professional Council of Civil Engineering of Argentina E-mail: consejero-arf@cpic.org.ar Phone: +54 11 4334-0086 Cel phone: +54 9 2966 603829 Skype: alefogel www.cpic.org.ar GRATITUDE - Professional Council of Civil Engineering of Argentina (CPIC) - Eng. Patricia Anzil (CPIC) - Eng. Patricia Arequipa (CPIC) - Eng. Adriana Di Campli (CPIC) - Lic. Leticia Mirás – University Policies Secretariat – Education Ministry Argentina - Eng. Norberto Beliera – College of Engineers of Buenos Aires - Eng. Margarita Soto Durán (Costa Rica) - Eng. Marilu de la Cruz Montañez (Puerto Rico) Gender Equality Standing Committee CLOSING
- 16. Thank you for your attention Gender Equality Standing Committee Woman in Engineering
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon. I’m Alejandra Fogel. I’m a member of Professional Council of Civil Engineering of Argentina, and a member of World Council of Civil Engineers Standing Committee on Gender Equality, coordinated by Eng. Cristina Machado.
- As Cristina said earlier, in Civil Engineering, Women are underrepresented at all levels. In Argentina, the situation is quite similar to the rest of the world. There is still so much to get done in this field. Let me quote a message sent in 1995 by the United Nations Development Programmme: “The path towards gender equality is not a technocratic goal: it is a political process. It requires a new paradigm in which women and men's stereotypes are left away and WE - all- recognize human beings independently from their sexuality and also as change drivers.”
- We will evaluate the issue of gender equality in the context of Engineering, and particularly in Civil Engineering. Traditionally, engineering has always been considered as "men's" professions. As time has gone by, women have been managing to position themselves within the profession. It could be said that today we are on our way breaking OLD PARADIGMS. In Argentina we are proud to have the first Civil Engineer in South America, Eng. Elisa Bachofen, graduated in 1918 from the University of Buenos Aires, in Argentina.
- Soon we will see some statistics of students and graduates in Civil Engineering, in Argentina. Next we will analyze official statistics for a ten year period, from 2007 to 2017. In this chart could be observed that: -We have a percentege growth in the total number of incoming students and particulary in the female incoming students which grew 127% in this period.
- Now let's see what happens to the graduates. In Argentina the Civil Engineering University programme requires 6 years of full time study, including an orientation course or an entrance exam, or both. We observe that, the number of graduates is pretty low compare to the number of incoming students. The number of graduates also grow in the analyzed period: Once again, we have a growth in female graduates, but the percentages of female graduates is lower than the percentage of female incoming students.
- Let us analyze the number of Postgraduate, Masters and PhD (In Civil Engineering) In Argentina, graduates can take a Master Degree or PhD, after having finished a six year-period of full time study requiring 2 and half years more for a higher degree. And the percentages of female could be seen in this chart. In some cases, the percentages of women are higher than those of men. The percentages and variations are quite different at this stage.
- Let's see what happens with the total university population in Argentina. We can see the evolution in this slide: We have a rise in students and graduates In Civil Engineering higher than the total students and graduates of the University Fields of Study in Argentina, and this is very encouraging for all of us.
- In this chart, you can see the percentage distribution by gender, female and male. Our female representation in the Civil Engineering field is still low. Considering that the total female graduates in all University fields of studies is 61%, female graduates in our field reach only 26%, for the same period.
- In this slide, we can see even less active participation in the professional field. In Argentina, the percentage of female in Professional Associations, at present, is only 10%.
- We have some statistics from other Latin American countries.
- We can conclude that: If we compare the percentage of women who enter into Engineering studies with the graduates, a decrease can be seen during that period of time. It will be important to evaluate the causes of this decrease to work on it. While the percentages of women are increasing, they are still low and far from equity with men. There are several factors that influence the low percentages of women in Civil Engineering: Educational field: Old models: Engineering is only for men Lack of awareness campaings to break with these models in Primary/Secondary Schools Lack of incentives and programs to get young women interested in sciences Proffesional and work fields: Unplanned maternity Reconciling family responsibilities versus professional and labor responsibilities (socially pre-established roles) Family female image: women “caretaker” impacts on the possibilities of permanence and promotion in the labor structures. In Argentina, low standards regarding maternity leave (90 days) and paternity leave (5 days). This places us below ILO standards.
- What are our challenges? For the Professional Associations are: Development of incentive programs to promote and disseminate the Civil Engineering studies for girls. Adhere to Women’s Empowerment Principles - UN Women and UN Global Compact Programe. Work on Incentive Programs to access further higher education: Masters and PhD. Promoting female professional growth and equal opportunities to hierarchy positions.
- Moreover We could say that Civil Engineering has direct participation for the further achievement of SDGs 6-7-9-11-13 and indirectly for the remaining goals.
- An important observation that has to do with Objective N° 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. Studying water resources, projecting, and executing the necessary infrastructure to provide the population with clean water and sanitation requires Civil Engineers. Let's see the pictures in the slide: the majority of women and girls, carry out water supply tasks in places which lack adequate infrastructure, instead of attending the educational system.
- After all i have shared with you today, it is clear and absolutely necessary that we all, women and men, keep on bringing awareness on active participation of women in Civil Engineering for the sake off the solutions to global challenges.
- After all i have shared with you today, it is clear and absolutely necessary that we all, women and men, keep on bringing awareness on active participation of women in Civil Engineering for the sake off the solutions to global challenges.