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LEAGUE OF NATIONS
EXAM PRACTICE 5
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
SOURCES
+
TIPS FOR TOP MARKS
SOURCE C
FROM A SCHOOL ESSAY ON THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, SANTINO
OLIVERI.
According to Woodrow Wilson even the most powerful nation would not go to war, knowing it would
face the opposition of all powerful nations. Germany, Japan and the USA were not members.
Therefore the “community of power” that President Wilson had in mind to use was reduced to three
countries – The Soviet Union, France and Britain. However, Britain and France did not employ
measures to use force, because they did not want to risk another gruesome war.
SOURCE D
FROM AN ESSAY ENTITLED “INEFFECTIVENESS AT WORK: THE FAILURE
OF THE LON”, BY THE HISTORIAN MEG HARVEY, 2003.
The unifying principle of the League was the shared belief that acts of war were crimes against
humanity and that it is in the interest and the duty of every Member State to join in preventing it.
While an excellent idea in theory, the League met with repeated problems simply because the nations
had not adapted their foreign policy to change from a standpoint that they only had themselves to
look after, instead of looking after the interests of the League as a whole.
QUESTION: Study Sources C and D and use your own knowledge to
answer this question. How accurately do Sources C and D reflect the
reasons for the weakness of the League of Nations? (8 marks)
First, identify what the source says.
Source C identifies the absence of powerful countries (especially USA) as
a major reason for the League’s failure. It argues that British and French
fears of another war caused these remaining members not to act against
those who defied the League.
Then, explain how accurate this is.
Both the statements are valid reasons for failure – the absence of
America, the most economically powerful nation, undoubtedly weakened
the League’s ability to impose sanctions and threaten force. The horrors
of the First World War did have a major impact on attitudes to war in
Britain and France, and almost certainly contributed to their lack of
action on the League’s behalf.
However, there were other reasons for the League’s ineffectiveness.
Source D blames the selfishness of nations who were not willing to work
together cooperatively. This can be seen as a valid view, supported by
evidence such as the Corfu Crisis of 1923.
TIPS FOR TOP MARKS
It can be argued that nations cannot be expected to act against their own interests,
therefore source D may not have such a valid point.
REMEMBER FOR TOP MARKS, YOU’LL NEED TO
DISCUSS WHAT THE SOURCES IGNORE.
There are many other reasons for the League’s failure which sources
C and D do not accurately reflect – for example, other reasons why
Britain and France were unwilling to act against aggressive nations,
such as their economic weakness after the war, and their
preoccupations with maintaining their empires.
Neither source mentions the absence of an army for the League, the
organisational problems which caused indecisiveness in the League’s
decision making process or the problems caused by the economic
depression. Neither source gives the League any credit for its
successes.
Don’t forget to discuss the sources’ reliability – this is relevant to
how accurate their information is likely to be.
Must also be remembered that Source C is a school essay probably
written in response to a particular question – need to know what the
question is.
Also, more likely to have a simplistic understanding of the issue
than a piece by a professional historian.
Title of Source D suggests that the whole point of the essay is to
criticise the sort of international cooperation exemplified by the
League.
FOR AMAZING MARKS, CONSIDER WHETHER THE AUTHOR
HAS GOT A WIDER AGENDA – WRITTEN IN 2003, CANDIDATES
MIGHT SEE PARALLELS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS?

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IGCSE EXAM PRACTICE - LEAGUE OF NATIONS SOURCES - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PLUS TIPS FOR TOP MARKS

  • 1. LEAGUE OF NATIONS EXAM PRACTICE 5 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SOURCES + TIPS FOR TOP MARKS
  • 2. SOURCE C FROM A SCHOOL ESSAY ON THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, SANTINO OLIVERI. According to Woodrow Wilson even the most powerful nation would not go to war, knowing it would face the opposition of all powerful nations. Germany, Japan and the USA were not members. Therefore the “community of power” that President Wilson had in mind to use was reduced to three countries – The Soviet Union, France and Britain. However, Britain and France did not employ measures to use force, because they did not want to risk another gruesome war. SOURCE D FROM AN ESSAY ENTITLED “INEFFECTIVENESS AT WORK: THE FAILURE OF THE LON”, BY THE HISTORIAN MEG HARVEY, 2003. The unifying principle of the League was the shared belief that acts of war were crimes against humanity and that it is in the interest and the duty of every Member State to join in preventing it. While an excellent idea in theory, the League met with repeated problems simply because the nations had not adapted their foreign policy to change from a standpoint that they only had themselves to look after, instead of looking after the interests of the League as a whole. QUESTION: Study Sources C and D and use your own knowledge to answer this question. How accurately do Sources C and D reflect the reasons for the weakness of the League of Nations? (8 marks)
  • 3. First, identify what the source says. Source C identifies the absence of powerful countries (especially USA) as a major reason for the League’s failure. It argues that British and French fears of another war caused these remaining members not to act against those who defied the League. Then, explain how accurate this is. Both the statements are valid reasons for failure – the absence of America, the most economically powerful nation, undoubtedly weakened the League’s ability to impose sanctions and threaten force. The horrors of the First World War did have a major impact on attitudes to war in Britain and France, and almost certainly contributed to their lack of action on the League’s behalf. However, there were other reasons for the League’s ineffectiveness. Source D blames the selfishness of nations who were not willing to work together cooperatively. This can be seen as a valid view, supported by evidence such as the Corfu Crisis of 1923. TIPS FOR TOP MARKS It can be argued that nations cannot be expected to act against their own interests, therefore source D may not have such a valid point.
  • 4. REMEMBER FOR TOP MARKS, YOU’LL NEED TO DISCUSS WHAT THE SOURCES IGNORE. There are many other reasons for the League’s failure which sources C and D do not accurately reflect – for example, other reasons why Britain and France were unwilling to act against aggressive nations, such as their economic weakness after the war, and their preoccupations with maintaining their empires. Neither source mentions the absence of an army for the League, the organisational problems which caused indecisiveness in the League’s decision making process or the problems caused by the economic depression. Neither source gives the League any credit for its successes. Don’t forget to discuss the sources’ reliability – this is relevant to how accurate their information is likely to be.
  • 5. Must also be remembered that Source C is a school essay probably written in response to a particular question – need to know what the question is. Also, more likely to have a simplistic understanding of the issue than a piece by a professional historian. Title of Source D suggests that the whole point of the essay is to criticise the sort of international cooperation exemplified by the League. FOR AMAZING MARKS, CONSIDER WHETHER THE AUTHOR HAS GOT A WIDER AGENDA – WRITTEN IN 2003, CANDIDATES MIGHT SEE PARALLELS WITH THE UNITED NATIONS?