- There was a fluctuation in Harry's annual hamburger sales throughout 1998. Specifically, sales rose slightly from January to February but then increased significantly from June to a peak of 3000 million in August. However, sales then dramatically fell to a bottom of 1200 million in October.

1. 我每天的状态很有
规律：上午一副没
睡醒的样子，下午
一副睡不醒的样
子，晚上一副打了
鸡血的样子。。。

2. 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 24:00 3:00
状
态
变
化
缓慢上升 下降 急
速
最大值最小值

3. 线形图

4. 趋势
幅度 最值
单词

5. 段落
句子
单词
连
接
词
连
接
词

6. Trend 趋势
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)
波动
上升
下降
稳定

7. 波动
fluctuate fluctuation
My state fluctuates from the early
morning to midnight.
There is a fluctuation in my state
from the early morning to midnight.
v. n.去 e, + ion
fluctuate
例子

9. 上升
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers
(1998)

10. 上升
• increase v./n.
• rise v./n.
• grow v.
• surge v.
• soar v.
• rocket v.
• upward adj.
increaserise
surge/
soar/
rocket
upward It increases from 20% to 50% in…
It shows a big increase in…
There is an increase in…
It rises from … to…
There is a rise in…
It grows from … to…
There is a growth in…
It surges/soars/rockets in…
It experiences an upward trend in…
grow

11. 上升
rise
grow
increase
surge
soar
rocket
动词
原形
v.
动词过
去式
ved
rose
grew
increased
surged
soared
rocketed
名词
n.
rise
growth
increase
+ ed

12. 下降
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)

13. 下降
• decrease v./n.
• decline v./n.
• reduce v.
• fall/ drop/
descned v.
• plummet v.
• slump v.
• downward adj.
decreasedeclinereduce
fall/
drop/
descend
downward
It decreases from ( 数据 ) to ( 数据 ) in…
It shows a decrease in…
There is a decrease in…
It declines from … to…
There is a decline in…
It reduces from … to…
There is a reduction in…
It falls/drops/descends in…
It experiences a downward trend in…

14. 下降
decrease
decline
reduce
fall
drop
descend
slump
plummet
动词
原形
v.
动词
过去
式
ved
decreased
declined
reduced
fell
dropped
descended
slumped
plummeted
名词
n.
decrease
decline
reduction
+ d
去 e,+ tion

15. 练习
It rose and then
experienced a
decrease.
There was a big
reduction and then
a small growth.
It shows a small
increase.
There is an
upward trend and
then a downward
trend.

16. 稳定
HARRY’S annual sales of
hamburgers (1998)
• remain stable
• stay steady
• keep constant
• maintain the same
It maintains steady
during ( 时间 )
The trend keeps stable
from… to…

17. 练习
It rose and then
experienced a
decline.
It decreases first
and then keeps
steady.
It fluctuates
from… to…
There is an
upward trend and
then a downward
trend.

18. 必备词汇
连接词连接词
趋势
幅度 最值

19. Extent 幅度
HARRY’S annual sales of
hamburgers(1998)

20. 小幅度
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)

21. 达到
stand at
amount to
reach
The number of divorced people
reached the peak in 1999.
The rate of population aged 65
amounted to 37% in 2000.
The number of married people
stood at 2 million.
approach
The number of females
approached 2% in 1999.

22. 小幅度
gentle
slow
wild
slight
•There is a wild decrease in…
•It declines wildly in…
•There is a slight rise in..
•It increases slightly in…
•There is a slow increase in…
•It grows slowly in…
•There is a gentle reduction in…
•It reduces gently in…
steady •There is a steady growth in…
•It drops steadily in…

23. 词性变化
slightly
There is a slight decrease in…
It decreases slightly in…
adj. adv.+ ly
slight
副词修饰动
词和形容词
形容词
修饰名
词
例子

24. 小幅度
slight
gentle
slow
wild
steady
形容
词
adj.
副词
adv.
slightly
gently
slowly
wildly
steadily
+ ly
变 y 为 i, + ly

25. 中等幅度
moderately
medium
It rises moderately
in…
The number of…is in
moderation.
There is a medium growth
in the number of…
In moderation
moderate
There is a moderate
increase in…

26. 大幅度
dramatical
sharp
rapid
significant
•There is a significant rise in..
•It increases significantly in…
•There is a dramatical reduction
in…
•It reduces dramatically in…
considerable
•There is a sharp increase in…
•It grows sharply in…
•There is a rapid decrease in…
•It declines rapidly in…
•There is a considerable increase in…
•It falls considerably in…

27. 大幅度
significant
remarkable
noticeable
dramatical
considerable
sharp
rapid
形容
词
副词
significantly
remarkably
noticeably
dramatically
considerably
sharply
rapidly
+ ly

28. 练习
There is a gentle
increase and then a
slow reduction.
It witnesses a sharp
downward trend and
then a wild decrease.
It rises dramatically and
witnesses a slight
decline.

29. 必备词汇
连接词连接词
趋势
幅度 最值

30. 最值

31. 最大值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
peak
n. /
v.
maximum
n.
reach a
maximum
reach a highest
point at
peak at
reach a
peak at
highest
adj.

32. 最小值
The water use 20 tons in 1990 .
bottom
n. / v.
minimum
n.
reach a
minimum
reach a lowest
point at
bottom out
at
reach a
bottom at
lowest
adj.

33. 翻译练习
It showed an
increase,
reaching a peak
at 20 million.
它显示出一个
大的上升趋势
，达到一个最
大值，为 20 百
万。
It reached a
minimum, with
2000 million in
1998.
The housing prices
reached a peak
with 10000/m2
in
2008.
2008 年的房价
达到了最高值
， 为
10000/m2
。
它在 1998 年达
到了最小值，为
2000 百万。
The housing prices
reached a
maximum in 2008
(10000/m2
).
The housing prices
reached a highest
point in 2008, with
(10000/m2
).
It witnessed an
increase,
peaking at 20
million.

34. • There was a slight rise in…
• It rose significantly in…
• It witnessed an upward trend in…
• It witnessed an increase in…

35. HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers
(1998)
Annualsa
描
述
对
象

36. 练习
Annualsale
HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers (1998)

37. 三种必用句式
a) There be + 变化（名词） + in + 被描述对象（纵坐
标）
There was an increase in global water use.
b) 描述对象（常为纵坐标） + 变化（动词） in 时间或
地点
The water use rises dramatically in 1970/Brazil.
c) 横坐标作主语 ( 一般为时间或者地点 ) + 经历 + 变化
（形容词 / 名词） + in+ 描述对象（纵坐标）
* 表示经历 : see / witness / experience / undergo
1900 experienced an upward trend in water use in
Brazil.
Brazil experienced an upward trend in water use in
1900.

38. 连接词
• To be more detailed
• To be more specific
• More specifically
• Besides
• In addition
• Additionally
• Moreover
• Furthermore
• While
• Whilst
• Whereas
除了… 还有…
进一步，表递进
而，表对比
更具体点

39. Annualsa HARRY’S annual sales of hamburgers
(1998)

40. In showed a fluctuation in annual sales of
hamburgers during the whole year of
1998. To be specific, January
experienced a slightly upward trend in
annual sales of hamburgers from 1800
million to approximately 2000 million.
There was a significant increase from
1800 million in June, reaching a peak at
3000 million in August. Moreover, a
dramatical reduction was closely followed,
bottoming out at 1200 million in October.