An infinitive is a verb form that typically begins with "to" and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive phrase includes the infinitive plus any modifiers and complements, and can also function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Bare or zero infinitives omit the "to" and are used with modal auxiliary verbs or verbs like "come" and "give". Infinitives and infinitive phrases can act as subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, and in other grammatical roles within sentences.
This document discusses relative pronouns and how they are used to join sentences together or add additional information. It defines common relative pronouns like who, which, that, whose and when they are used. It also distinguishes between defining and non-defining relative clauses, noting that defining clauses do not use commas while non-defining clauses do. A number of exercises are provided for the reader to practice using relative pronouns correctly.
This document introduces -ed and -ing adjectives and how they are used. -Ed adjectives describe a person's feelings or opinions, such as being "interested" in something, and are usually followed by small prepositions like "in", "with", "of", "about", or "by". -Ing adjectives describe things, people, places, or activities, such as something being "interesting". The document provides examples of -ed and -ing adjective pairs and encourages practicing using these adjectives in sentences.
This document contains materials for an English class discussing various topics such as describing people, making choices, family conflicts, opinions, and discussion phrases. Some key topics covered include describing a person's appearance, personality, and clothes, major life decisions people make, common arguments families have, asking for and giving opinions, and expressions for agreeing, disagreeing, or complaining in a discussion.
This document discusses gift giving and re-gifting, as well as subject and object pronouns. It provides examples of sentences containing direct objects and indirect objects, and explains how to identify and replace the subject, direct object, and indirect object with pronouns. Practice examples are included for the reader to identify subjects, objects, and replace them with pronouns. The document also notes that if a direct object is a pronoun, it must come before the indirect object pronoun.
This document explains the differences between the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. The article "an" is used before words beginning with vowel sounds, while "a" is used before consonant sounds. Some exceptions are provided. A quiz with examples tests the reader on proper article usage.
This presentation is to learn how to use the saxon genitive with family relations and possessive and also to learn about the difference with the structure "of".
This document provides a list of personality adjectives that could be used to describe people, including both positive traits like charming, affectionate, ambitious, reliable, sensible, hard-working, assertive, well-balanced, curious, creative, enthusiastic, sociable, sympathetic, and organized as well as negative traits such as aggressive, moody, jealous, selfish, bossy, lazy, spoilt, untidy, impatient, bad-tempered, vain, rude, rebellious, and critical.
An infinitive is a verb form that typically begins with "to" and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive phrase includes the infinitive plus any modifiers and complements, and can also function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Bare or zero infinitives omit the "to" and are used with modal auxiliary verbs or verbs like "come" and "give". Infinitives and infinitive phrases can act as subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, and in other grammatical roles within sentences.
This document discusses relative pronouns and how they are used to join sentences together or add additional information. It defines common relative pronouns like who, which, that, whose and when they are used. It also distinguishes between defining and non-defining relative clauses, noting that defining clauses do not use commas while non-defining clauses do. A number of exercises are provided for the reader to practice using relative pronouns correctly.
This document introduces -ed and -ing adjectives and how they are used. -Ed adjectives describe a person's feelings or opinions, such as being "interested" in something, and are usually followed by small prepositions like "in", "with", "of", "about", or "by". -Ing adjectives describe things, people, places, or activities, such as something being "interesting". The document provides examples of -ed and -ing adjective pairs and encourages practicing using these adjectives in sentences.
This document contains materials for an English class discussing various topics such as describing people, making choices, family conflicts, opinions, and discussion phrases. Some key topics covered include describing a person's appearance, personality, and clothes, major life decisions people make, common arguments families have, asking for and giving opinions, and expressions for agreeing, disagreeing, or complaining in a discussion.
This document discusses gift giving and re-gifting, as well as subject and object pronouns. It provides examples of sentences containing direct objects and indirect objects, and explains how to identify and replace the subject, direct object, and indirect object with pronouns. Practice examples are included for the reader to identify subjects, objects, and replace them with pronouns. The document also notes that if a direct object is a pronoun, it must come before the indirect object pronoun.
This document explains the differences between the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. The article "an" is used before words beginning with vowel sounds, while "a" is used before consonant sounds. Some exceptions are provided. A quiz with examples tests the reader on proper article usage.
This presentation is to learn how to use the saxon genitive with family relations and possessive and also to learn about the difference with the structure "of".
This document provides a list of personality adjectives that could be used to describe people, including both positive traits like charming, affectionate, ambitious, reliable, sensible, hard-working, assertive, well-balanced, curious, creative, enthusiastic, sociable, sympathetic, and organized as well as negative traits such as aggressive, moody, jealous, selfish, bossy, lazy, spoilt, untidy, impatient, bad-tempered, vain, rude, rebellious, and critical.
This document provides an overview and examples of using different past tenses in English:
- The Past Simple is used for completed past actions and habitual past actions. It is formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs.
- The Past Continuous expresses an ongoing action in the past. It is formed using "was/were" and "-ing".
- The Past Perfect expresses an action that occurred before another past action. It is formed using "had" and the past participle.
- Examples are given of how to form questions and negatives for each tense. Guidance is provided on when to use each tense together to clarify the sequence of past events.
Before moving to Barcelona, Mary had bought a house there.
After finishing dinner, the children had eaten ice cream.
When Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492, millions of Native Americans had been living in North America for thousands of years.
By the time the Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier had become the world’s first human flier using a balloon in 1753.
After the National Free Bank had made bad investments, they went bankrupt.
This document provides examples and explanations of the words "so", "such", "too", and "enough" and how they are used to emphasize degrees in English. It discusses how "so" and "such" emphasize a high degree of a quality, while "too" means more than necessary or wanted. "Enough" means a sufficient or adequate amount. Examples are given for each word used with adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. The key differences between these words in terms of their meaning and usage are explained.
This document provides information about relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It discusses the relative pronouns who, which, when, where, and whose and how they are used for people, things, time, place, and possession. It also describes defining and non-defining relative clauses, how they are used, and provides examples and practice combining sentences using relative clauses.
This document discusses modal verbs and their meanings and usage. Modal verbs such as will, would, can, could, may, might, must, shall, and should are used to indicate possibility, obligation, necessity/insistence, and ability. They are placed before other verbs and have distinct tenses. Modal verbs are useful for making predictions, showing what is required or permitted, and expressing abilities in both the present and past. The document provides examples of sentences using different modal verbs and their meanings. It also describes a group activity where students take on roles and use modal verbs to respond to situations involving obligation, ability, necessity/insistence, and possibility.
This document discusses subject and object pronouns in English. It explains that subject pronouns like I, you, he, etc. come before verbs, while object pronouns like me, you, him, etc. come after verbs or prepositions. Some examples are provided to illustrate the difference. The document also includes practice exercises for readers to identify subject and object pronouns in sentences. Readers are encouraged to do more practice in the class blog.
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It provides examples of defining relative clauses used with subjects, objects, prepositions, time, place, and possession. It also discusses the characteristics of non-defining relative clauses and provides examples of joining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
The document provides examples of using the simple past tense through was/were constructions in English. It shows how was/were change based on the subject of the sentence, whether it is I/he/she/it or we/you/they. Examples are given of asking about someone's state or location in the past using these verbs. Famous historical figures from different fields like poetry, music composition, science, writing, and art are listed and it is noted they "were" something in the past.
A compound noun is made up of two or more words that together name a person, place, or thing. Compound nouns can be written as a single word, as two words with a hyphen, or as two separate words, with no clear rules on usage. Common compound nouns are made of two nouns, a noun and a verb, a noun and an adjective, or other combinations of parts of speech.
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It defines relative pronouns and explains that defining relative clauses add essential information to the main clause, while non-defining clauses add non-essential information separated by commas. Some examples of defining and non-defining clauses are provided. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice identifying defining and non-defining clauses and using relative pronouns correctly in sentences.
This document provides information on English verb tenses including:
1. The past simple tense is used to describe finished actions with no connection to the present or a series of finished actions. Its forms are subject + verb2 and subject + did + not + verb1.
2. The past continuous tense describes actions taking place over a period of time, interrupted actions, or two simultaneous past actions. Its forms are subject + was/were + verbing.
3. The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses are used to describe completed actions before something in the past or a duration before something in the past. Their forms are had + past participle and had been + present participle.
This document discusses the use of articles (a, an, the) in the English language. It explains that articles are adjectives that modify nouns. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. It provides examples of when to use each article and gives guidance on using "a" versus "an" depending on whether the following word begins with a vowel or consonant sound. The document concludes with a quiz for the reader to self-check their understanding of article usage.
This document discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech by modifying verb tenses and time/place expressions. It covers reported statements, questions, orders, requests and examples of each. When changing the reporting verb to the past tense, verb tenses in the reported speech are typically changed accordingly, such as present to past. Pronouns, time and place references may also need to be altered depending on when the reported speech is being reported.
Relative clauses. defining and non defining presentacionmarialozanoprof
Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, where, or when. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information set off by commas. Different relative pronouns are used to refer to people, things, places, time, or possession.
This document discusses the usage of the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. It explains that "a" is used before consonant sounds, "an" before vowel sounds, and "the" when referring to something specific. It provides examples and exceptions to the rules, such as how "the" is used with superlatives, plural country names, and phrases including "of". It also discusses special cases for occupations, religions, numbers, buildings, seasons, meals, and means of transport.
-ING adjectives describe things or people that are the source or cause of a feeling. For example, "My English teacher is boring."
-ED adjectives describe feelings received by someone. For example, "The film made me bored."
Some common participial adjectives are amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, bored, confused, depressed, disappointed, disgusted, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, frightened, insulted, interested, intrigued, satisfied, shocked, surprised, tempted, terrified, tired, and worried. The document provides examples and a practice to distinguish when to use -ING and -ED adjectives.
Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. They provide information about qualities like size, color, number, and kind. There are different types of adjectives including demonstrative adjectives like "this" and "that," possessive adjectives showing ownership, and proper adjectives formed from proper nouns. Most adjectives can be compared using comparative and superlative forms with suffixes like "-er" and "-est." Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs by providing information about qualities like time, manner, place, and frequency. Many adverbs are formed by adding "-ly" to adjectives. Adjectives describe nouns while
The past perfect tense refers to an action that was completed before something else in the past. It is formed using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "have" and the past participle of the main verb. It is used to talk about events that occurred prior to something in the past or to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another past event. Specific time expressions can be used with the past perfect tense but are not always necessary.
The document discusses the simple past tense in English. It describes regular and irregular verb forms in the past tense. Regular verbs are formed by adding "-ed" while irregular verb forms must be memorized. It also covers forming negative and interrogative sentences in the past tense.
The document discusses different types and stages of love over the course of a lifetime. It begins with being loved unconditionally by parents as a child. It then describes experiencing puppy love and adolescent crushes during teenage years that are not serious. It goes on to discuss falling truly in love with the right person as an adult and expressing public displays of affection. The document notes relationships can hit rocky periods but that reconciling after quarrels is possible. Ultimately, it suggests some people find their perfect match to marry.
This document discusses proverbs, idioms, and sayings from around the world. Proverbs are short phrases expressing commonly held truths, while idioms are phrases with meanings different from the literal words. Examples of proverbs and idioms are given from countries like Britain, Poland, China, Japan, and others. Common sayings are also short expressions that usually contain advice or obvious truths. Sources for the information are cited at the end.
This document provides an overview and examples of using different past tenses in English:
- The Past Simple is used for completed past actions and habitual past actions. It is formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs.
- The Past Continuous expresses an ongoing action in the past. It is formed using "was/were" and "-ing".
- The Past Perfect expresses an action that occurred before another past action. It is formed using "had" and the past participle.
- Examples are given of how to form questions and negatives for each tense. Guidance is provided on when to use each tense together to clarify the sequence of past events.
Before moving to Barcelona, Mary had bought a house there.
After finishing dinner, the children had eaten ice cream.
When Christopher Columbus landed in North America in 1492, millions of Native Americans had been living in North America for thousands of years.
By the time the Wright Brothers flew their first plane on December 17, 1903, Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier had become the world’s first human flier using a balloon in 1753.
After the National Free Bank had made bad investments, they went bankrupt.
This document provides examples and explanations of the words "so", "such", "too", and "enough" and how they are used to emphasize degrees in English. It discusses how "so" and "such" emphasize a high degree of a quality, while "too" means more than necessary or wanted. "Enough" means a sufficient or adequate amount. Examples are given for each word used with adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. The key differences between these words in terms of their meaning and usage are explained.
This document provides information about relative pronouns and relative clauses in English. It discusses the relative pronouns who, which, when, where, and whose and how they are used for people, things, time, place, and possession. It also describes defining and non-defining relative clauses, how they are used, and provides examples and practice combining sentences using relative clauses.
This document discusses modal verbs and their meanings and usage. Modal verbs such as will, would, can, could, may, might, must, shall, and should are used to indicate possibility, obligation, necessity/insistence, and ability. They are placed before other verbs and have distinct tenses. Modal verbs are useful for making predictions, showing what is required or permitted, and expressing abilities in both the present and past. The document provides examples of sentences using different modal verbs and their meanings. It also describes a group activity where students take on roles and use modal verbs to respond to situations involving obligation, ability, necessity/insistence, and possibility.
This document discusses subject and object pronouns in English. It explains that subject pronouns like I, you, he, etc. come before verbs, while object pronouns like me, you, him, etc. come after verbs or prepositions. Some examples are provided to illustrate the difference. The document also includes practice exercises for readers to identify subject and object pronouns in sentences. Readers are encouraged to do more practice in the class blog.
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It provides examples of defining relative clauses used with subjects, objects, prepositions, time, place, and possession. It also discusses the characteristics of non-defining relative clauses and provides examples of joining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
The document provides examples of using the simple past tense through was/were constructions in English. It shows how was/were change based on the subject of the sentence, whether it is I/he/she/it or we/you/they. Examples are given of asking about someone's state or location in the past using these verbs. Famous historical figures from different fields like poetry, music composition, science, writing, and art are listed and it is noted they "were" something in the past.
A compound noun is made up of two or more words that together name a person, place, or thing. Compound nouns can be written as a single word, as two words with a hyphen, or as two separate words, with no clear rules on usage. Common compound nouns are made of two nouns, a noun and a verb, a noun and an adjective, or other combinations of parts of speech.
The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. It defines relative pronouns and explains that defining relative clauses add essential information to the main clause, while non-defining clauses add non-essential information separated by commas. Some examples of defining and non-defining clauses are provided. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice identifying defining and non-defining clauses and using relative pronouns correctly in sentences.
This document provides information on English verb tenses including:
1. The past simple tense is used to describe finished actions with no connection to the present or a series of finished actions. Its forms are subject + verb2 and subject + did + not + verb1.
2. The past continuous tense describes actions taking place over a period of time, interrupted actions, or two simultaneous past actions. Its forms are subject + was/were + verbing.
3. The past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses are used to describe completed actions before something in the past or a duration before something in the past. Their forms are had + past participle and had been + present participle.
This document discusses the use of articles (a, an, the) in the English language. It explains that articles are adjectives that modify nouns. The definite article "the" refers to specific or particular nouns, while the indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns. It provides examples of when to use each article and gives guidance on using "a" versus "an" depending on whether the following word begins with a vowel or consonant sound. The document concludes with a quiz for the reader to self-check their understanding of article usage.
This document discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech by modifying verb tenses and time/place expressions. It covers reported statements, questions, orders, requests and examples of each. When changing the reporting verb to the past tense, verb tenses in the reported speech are typically changed accordingly, such as present to past. Pronouns, time and place references may also need to be altered depending on when the reported speech is being reported.
Relative clauses. defining and non defining presentacionmarialozanoprof
Relative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. They are introduced by relative pronouns such as who, whom, whose, which, where, or when. Defining relative clauses are essential to the meaning of the sentence, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information set off by commas. Different relative pronouns are used to refer to people, things, places, time, or possession.
This document discusses the usage of the articles "a", "an", and "the" in English. It explains that "a" is used before consonant sounds, "an" before vowel sounds, and "the" when referring to something specific. It provides examples and exceptions to the rules, such as how "the" is used with superlatives, plural country names, and phrases including "of". It also discusses special cases for occupations, religions, numbers, buildings, seasons, meals, and means of transport.
-ING adjectives describe things or people that are the source or cause of a feeling. For example, "My English teacher is boring."
-ED adjectives describe feelings received by someone. For example, "The film made me bored."
Some common participial adjectives are amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, bored, confused, depressed, disappointed, disgusted, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, frightened, insulted, interested, intrigued, satisfied, shocked, surprised, tempted, terrified, tired, and worried. The document provides examples and a practice to distinguish when to use -ING and -ED adjectives.
Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. They provide information about qualities like size, color, number, and kind. There are different types of adjectives including demonstrative adjectives like "this" and "that," possessive adjectives showing ownership, and proper adjectives formed from proper nouns. Most adjectives can be compared using comparative and superlative forms with suffixes like "-er" and "-est." Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs by providing information about qualities like time, manner, place, and frequency. Many adverbs are formed by adding "-ly" to adjectives. Adjectives describe nouns while
The past perfect tense refers to an action that was completed before something else in the past. It is formed using the past tense of the auxiliary verb "have" and the past participle of the main verb. It is used to talk about events that occurred prior to something in the past or to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another past event. Specific time expressions can be used with the past perfect tense but are not always necessary.
The document discusses the simple past tense in English. It describes regular and irregular verb forms in the past tense. Regular verbs are formed by adding "-ed" while irregular verb forms must be memorized. It also covers forming negative and interrogative sentences in the past tense.
The document discusses different types and stages of love over the course of a lifetime. It begins with being loved unconditionally by parents as a child. It then describes experiencing puppy love and adolescent crushes during teenage years that are not serious. It goes on to discuss falling truly in love with the right person as an adult and expressing public displays of affection. The document notes relationships can hit rocky periods but that reconciling after quarrels is possible. Ultimately, it suggests some people find their perfect match to marry.
This document discusses proverbs, idioms, and sayings from around the world. Proverbs are short phrases expressing commonly held truths, while idioms are phrases with meanings different from the literal words. Examples of proverbs and idioms are given from countries like Britain, Poland, China, Japan, and others. Common sayings are also short expressions that usually contain advice or obvious truths. Sources for the information are cited at the end.
This document provides a series of questions and prompts for discussion in English. It includes questions about comedy movies and TV shows, kind-hearted people, shocking events, disagreements, savings goals, helping others, privacy, expressing thoughts and feelings, brainstorming English idioms, and planning future discussion topics involving idioms related to animals, colors, food, and weather.
This document contains a list of common idioms related to parts of the body in English. Some examples included are "cost an arm and a leg" meaning something is very expensive, "twist someone's arm" meaning to gently persuade them, and "have a finger in every pie" meaning to be involved in many different activities. The list covers idioms using body parts like the arm, back, blood, brain, eyes, face, feet, fingers, and more.
This document discusses idioms related to parts of the body. It provides definitions and examples for 15 idioms including "to get it off your chest", "to hit the nail on the head", "to learn something by heart", and "to cost an arm and a leg". Readers are then asked to match definitions to idioms and choose the correct idiom for sample sentences. The document demonstrates how idioms add expression and figurative meaning beyond the literal definitions of words.
The document contains a series of incomplete English idioms using parts of the body and provides clues to fill in the blanks. It asks the reader to complete the idioms based on the clues given by arrows. The idioms cover topics like being busy or overwhelmed, having experience in something, thinking you have succeeded again, being in a hurry, realizing something, having a talent, prioritizing someone's needs, failing, handling a task, and making a decision.
The document lists over 30 common English idioms and their meanings, including "turn a blind eye", "talk to someone's back", "in cold blood", "get something off your chest", "be all ears", "fall on deaf ears", "your eyes are bigger than your stomach", "cross your fingers", "put your foot in it", "have clean hands", and "give someone a hand". Each idiom is attributed to Ricardo Forner in 2014.
An idiom is a commonly used expression that has a special meaning different from the literal meaning of the words. Some examples of English idioms provided are "a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" meaning having something certain is better than risking losing everything, "a blessing in disguise" meaning something good that is not recognized at first, and "a fool and his money are easily parted" meaning it is easy for a foolish person to lose their money. The document provides definitions for several other common English idiomatic expressions.
This document presents and explains the meanings of several common English proverbs and sayings. It defines what a proverb is and provides examples like "The best things in life are free" meaning valuable things like love and friendship cannot be bought. It also explains proverbs including "A stitch in time saves nine" about minor repairs now preventing major problems later, and "Still waters run deep" referring to people who appear calm but have depth. The document aims to convey the underlying meanings and lessons of well-known proverbial expressions.
This document provides definitions and examples for four English phrasal verbs: figure out, get rid of, pick (sth) up, and take up (start). Figure out means to understand or solve something, or to calculate an amount. Get rid of means to remove or throw away something unwanted, or to sell an old possession. Pick (sth) up means to start something again after an interruption. Take up (start) means to start doing a particular job or activity.
The Montessori method focuses on individualized, self-directed learning for children. Key aspects include uninterrupted 3-hour work periods, multi-age classrooms, specialized learning materials, and individualized instruction from teachers trained in Montessori lessons and principles. The goal is to nurture independent, intrinsically motivated learners by allowing children freedom to follow their interests within a carefully prepared environment.
The document discusses ideas for class posters from teacher Paola. It suggests creating posters to display class rules, schedules, assignments, and projects to help students stay organized and on track. Sample posters could list behavioral expectations, daily activities, homework and due dates, or provide an overview of current long-term projects and deadlines to keep students informed.
Immaginari di scrittura in gioco - da un'idea del Laboratorio di Tecnologie A...Paola Sacco
El documento explora las relaciones entre Oriente y Occidente a través de varios ejemplos históricos, incluyendo las conexiones culturales entre Armenia e Italia, Persia e Inglaterra, y Arabia Saudita y Estados Unidos. A lo largo de la historia, diferentes regiones de Oriente y Occidente han intercambiado ideas e influencias a pesar de las distancias geográficas.
The document describes various "if-then" conditional statements. It provides examples of things that happen or would happen if certain conditions are met, such as getting wet if it rains, getting burned if touching fire, crying if babies are hungry, being late if the train is delayed, and having better grades if working harder at school. It also gives examples of what people would do if given different circumstances, such as giving to charity if having millions of dollars or it being a better world if there were no hungry people.