Many researchers in many fields have experienced tipping point to their complex systems as in financial markets, in ecological system , but no one has experienced in platforms ecosystem systems. One of the biggest issues those platforms ecosystem can face is the collapse. The risk of approaching to the tipping point is unknown. Complex dynamical system ranging from ecosystem to economy can collapse anytime, but predicting the point where the collapse can occur is difficult. We built a mathematical model S C model which incorporating the dynamics, interactions and mutualistic network for platform ecosystem. We use this model to predict the key factors driving platforms ecosystem to collapse. To get our predictions we used an approximation method to get rid from complexity without losing much generality and still explain the same dynamics. To achieve our results we used matlab software and solved the reduced model. The inevitable factors that lead to collapse are suggesting to be used as early indicators of dramatic changes. We developed a system dynamics model of platform group of suppliers and consumers that includes growth, churn, competition, alliance, negative interaction and mutual interaction between users. We use this model to simulate various development paths by varying different factors, which affect the platform’s ecosystem model. Our simulation results show that ds, dc, Bij, ij, and h are the key factors driving the platform ecosystem to collapse. Lamia Loudahi "Identifying Key-Factors Driving Platform Ecosystem to Collapse" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51825.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/51825/identifying-keyfactors-driving-platform-ecosystem-to-collapse/lamia-loudahi
Managing collaboration within networks and relationships in the serious game ...ijcsit
This research develop the managing within network and relationship mechanism in agribusiness
management through serious game. Agribusiness is represented as sand that work together in the market
(sandpile) to maintain networks and relationships. This research apply agent base model for predicting
activity network based on the parameters that exist in the collaboration. The result indicate that average
selling, average buying and market price (CK = 4) are not approach the value of the open market but
precisely coincide with eachother. Total bought and total sold are tend to be high value. This condition
suggests a very tight competition. The average selling, average buying and market price (CK = 0.01) are
approach the value of the open market. Total bought and total sold are not as high as total bought and total
sold, by using CK = 4, this condition shows the competition is not too tight.
Evaluation of Critical Infrastructure Essential Businesses Amidst Covid -19 U...CSCJournals
This study evaluates the use of network optimization models in an essential infrastructure business during a pandemic. As per the Cyber Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), there are 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, are considered vital to the United States. Their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on the security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof.
For this study, we primarily focus on the Healthcare and Public Health Sector (HPH). This branch is considered a core sector as it protects the economy from threats such as terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. This evaluation provides insights into the network optimization models used by a pharmaceutical company in administrating vaccinations to its local community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intended result of the study is to provide an optimized delivery strategy by understanding the pros and cons of the network model that is being used currently and suggest a better strategical network model if available to administrate the vaccination program safely and efficiently throughout the United States.
Traditionally, the performance of critical infrastructure
(e.g., power grid, telecommunication or water supply
systems) has been analysed by classical risk assessment
methods for their safe and reliable design and operation
(Linkov et al., 2014). This approach allows responding
adequately to known and credible hazards and threats.
However, more recently it has become apparent that
additional efforts and considerations are needed beyond
the well-established state-of-the-art to ensure efficient
recovery from low-probability high-impact disruptive
events (Panteli & Mancarella, 2015). As a consequence,
increased attention is given worldwide to the resilience
of infrastructure systems, which is considered a key
property to adequately deal with disruptions, i.e., natural
and man-made disasters (i.e., technical, human and
organizational factors and intentional attacks) (Jackson,
2015). This view is strongly supported by the notion that
not all hazards and threats can be averted (Cimellaro,
2016), as major disasters repeatedly demonstrated in the
past decades (Garrick, 2008; Zio & Aven, 2013). Wellknown
examples include the September 11 terrorist
attacks in 2001, hurricane Katrina in 2005, the blackouts
in North America (2003) (Andersson et al., 2005), India
(2012) (Tang et al., 2012), and Turkey (2015) (European
Managing collaboration within networks and relationships in the serious game ...ijcsit
This research develop the managing within network and relationship mechanism in agribusiness
management through serious game. Agribusiness is represented as sand that work together in the market
(sandpile) to maintain networks and relationships. This research apply agent base model for predicting
activity network based on the parameters that exist in the collaboration. The result indicate that average
selling, average buying and market price (CK = 4) are not approach the value of the open market but
precisely coincide with eachother. Total bought and total sold are tend to be high value. This condition
suggests a very tight competition. The average selling, average buying and market price (CK = 0.01) are
approach the value of the open market. Total bought and total sold are not as high as total bought and total
sold, by using CK = 4, this condition shows the competition is not too tight.
Evaluation of Critical Infrastructure Essential Businesses Amidst Covid -19 U...CSCJournals
This study evaluates the use of network optimization models in an essential infrastructure business during a pandemic. As per the Cyber Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), there are 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, are considered vital to the United States. Their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on the security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof.
For this study, we primarily focus on the Healthcare and Public Health Sector (HPH). This branch is considered a core sector as it protects the economy from threats such as terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and natural disasters. This evaluation provides insights into the network optimization models used by a pharmaceutical company in administrating vaccinations to its local community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intended result of the study is to provide an optimized delivery strategy by understanding the pros and cons of the network model that is being used currently and suggest a better strategical network model if available to administrate the vaccination program safely and efficiently throughout the United States.
Traditionally, the performance of critical infrastructure
(e.g., power grid, telecommunication or water supply
systems) has been analysed by classical risk assessment
methods for their safe and reliable design and operation
(Linkov et al., 2014). This approach allows responding
adequately to known and credible hazards and threats.
However, more recently it has become apparent that
additional efforts and considerations are needed beyond
the well-established state-of-the-art to ensure efficient
recovery from low-probability high-impact disruptive
events (Panteli & Mancarella, 2015). As a consequence,
increased attention is given worldwide to the resilience
of infrastructure systems, which is considered a key
property to adequately deal with disruptions, i.e., natural
and man-made disasters (i.e., technical, human and
organizational factors and intentional attacks) (Jackson,
2015). This view is strongly supported by the notion that
not all hazards and threats can be averted (Cimellaro,
2016), as major disasters repeatedly demonstrated in the
past decades (Garrick, 2008; Zio & Aven, 2013). Wellknown
examples include the September 11 terrorist
attacks in 2001, hurricane Katrina in 2005, the blackouts
in North America (2003) (Andersson et al., 2005), India
(2012) (Tang et al., 2012), and Turkey (2015) (European
Welcome to the October 2017 edition of Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly the magazine from the LinkedIn Group - Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition we have:
The news of the month surrounding instrumentation & control in the Water Industry
An article on the place of instrumentation in the factory approach in the treatment plants of the Water Industry
An article with a focus on Turbidity Measurement and the associated measurement of solids in the Water Industry
Energy & holistic service systems 20110804 v3ISSIP
PICMET 20 talk in Portland Oregon on August 4th 2011 - discussing energy and buildings and holistic service systems that delivery whole service to the people in them...
Disruption/Risk Management in supply chains- a reviewBehzad Behdani
This paper describes an integrated framework for handling disruptions in supply chains. The integrated framework incorporates two main perspectives on managing disruptions, namely pre- and post-disruption perspectives, which are usually treated as separate in the existing frameworks. Next, the proposed integrated framework is used to review the literature in supply chain risk/disruption management. The review gives an overview of the key aspects and specific methods that can be used for each step in the framework. Based on the review, some main observations are also discussed. The first is that literature has not uniformly discussed different parts of the framework; pre-disruption steps, such as risk identification and risk treatment, have been explored extensively while post-disruption steps such as disruption detection and learning have been given far less attention. Secondly, there is a lack of quantitative (simulation and modeling) studies for handling supply chain disruptions. These two gaps, therefore, represent avenues for future research on supply chain risk/disruption management.
quiénes son realmente "los mercados", le han puesto nombres y apellidos a quienes controlan la economía mundial. Han estudiado 43.000 empresas multinacionales y han demostrado que 737 “entidades” (bancos, compañías de seguros o grandes grupos industriales) controlan el 80% de su valor coinjunto y que, mediante una compleja red de participaciones, 147 poseen el 40% del valor económico y financiero de todas las multinacionales del mundo entero. Y de este grupo de 147 multinacionales, los 50 más grandes forman una “super entidad”. En ella están principalmente los bancos: Barclay, JP Morgan, Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley... y otros grupos de aseguradoras y bancarios franceses como Axa, Natixis, Société générale, el grupo Banque populaire-Caisse d'épargne o BNP-Paribas.
Is bigger always better? How local online social networks can outperform glob...Kolja Kleineberg
The overwhelming success of online social networks, the key actors in the cosmos of the Web
2.0, has reshaped human interactions on a worldwide scale. To help understand the fundamental
mechanisms which determine the fate of online social networks at the system level, we describe the
digital world as a complex ecosystem of interacting networks. In this paper, we discuss the impact
of heterogeneity in network fitnesses induced by competition between an international network,
such as Facebook, and local services.To this end, we construct a 1:1000 scale model of the digital
world, consisting of the 80 countries with the most Internet users. We show how inter-country social
ties induce increased fitness of the international network. Under certain conditions, this leads to
the extinction of local networks; whereas under different conditions, local networks can persist and
even dominate the international network completely. These findings provide new insights into the
possibilities for preserving digital diversity.
The Concept of ‘Postmodernism’ Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Postmodernism essay. Postmodernism Essay Plan | Postmodernism | Philosophical Movements. ᐅ Essays On Postmodernism
The Concept of ‘Postmodernism’ Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Postmodernism essay. Postmodernism Essay Plan | Postmodernism | Philosophical Movements. ᐅ Essays On Postmodernism
Futureproofed • Systems thinking fundamentals for higher education • WorkshopSerge de Gheldere
This is a short introduction to the fundamentals of system dynamics: stock and flow models with connectors and feedback loops; rules of "grammar" and a couple of example models.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
More Related Content
Similar to Identifying Key Factors Driving Platform Ecosystem to Collapse
Welcome to the October 2017 edition of Water Industry Process Automation & Control Monthly the magazine from the LinkedIn Group - Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition we have:
The news of the month surrounding instrumentation & control in the Water Industry
An article on the place of instrumentation in the factory approach in the treatment plants of the Water Industry
An article with a focus on Turbidity Measurement and the associated measurement of solids in the Water Industry
Energy & holistic service systems 20110804 v3ISSIP
PICMET 20 talk in Portland Oregon on August 4th 2011 - discussing energy and buildings and holistic service systems that delivery whole service to the people in them...
Disruption/Risk Management in supply chains- a reviewBehzad Behdani
This paper describes an integrated framework for handling disruptions in supply chains. The integrated framework incorporates two main perspectives on managing disruptions, namely pre- and post-disruption perspectives, which are usually treated as separate in the existing frameworks. Next, the proposed integrated framework is used to review the literature in supply chain risk/disruption management. The review gives an overview of the key aspects and specific methods that can be used for each step in the framework. Based on the review, some main observations are also discussed. The first is that literature has not uniformly discussed different parts of the framework; pre-disruption steps, such as risk identification and risk treatment, have been explored extensively while post-disruption steps such as disruption detection and learning have been given far less attention. Secondly, there is a lack of quantitative (simulation and modeling) studies for handling supply chain disruptions. These two gaps, therefore, represent avenues for future research on supply chain risk/disruption management.
quiénes son realmente "los mercados", le han puesto nombres y apellidos a quienes controlan la economía mundial. Han estudiado 43.000 empresas multinacionales y han demostrado que 737 “entidades” (bancos, compañías de seguros o grandes grupos industriales) controlan el 80% de su valor coinjunto y que, mediante una compleja red de participaciones, 147 poseen el 40% del valor económico y financiero de todas las multinacionales del mundo entero. Y de este grupo de 147 multinacionales, los 50 más grandes forman una “super entidad”. En ella están principalmente los bancos: Barclay, JP Morgan, Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley... y otros grupos de aseguradoras y bancarios franceses como Axa, Natixis, Société générale, el grupo Banque populaire-Caisse d'épargne o BNP-Paribas.
Is bigger always better? How local online social networks can outperform glob...Kolja Kleineberg
The overwhelming success of online social networks, the key actors in the cosmos of the Web
2.0, has reshaped human interactions on a worldwide scale. To help understand the fundamental
mechanisms which determine the fate of online social networks at the system level, we describe the
digital world as a complex ecosystem of interacting networks. In this paper, we discuss the impact
of heterogeneity in network fitnesses induced by competition between an international network,
such as Facebook, and local services.To this end, we construct a 1:1000 scale model of the digital
world, consisting of the 80 countries with the most Internet users. We show how inter-country social
ties induce increased fitness of the international network. Under certain conditions, this leads to
the extinction of local networks; whereas under different conditions, local networks can persist and
even dominate the international network completely. These findings provide new insights into the
possibilities for preserving digital diversity.
The Concept of ‘Postmodernism’ Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Postmodernism essay. Postmodernism Essay Plan | Postmodernism | Philosophical Movements. ᐅ Essays On Postmodernism
The Concept of ‘Postmodernism’ Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Postmodernism essay. Postmodernism Essay Plan | Postmodernism | Philosophical Movements. ᐅ Essays On Postmodernism
Futureproofed • Systems thinking fundamentals for higher education • WorkshopSerge de Gheldere
This is a short introduction to the fundamentals of system dynamics: stock and flow models with connectors and feedback loops; rules of "grammar" and a couple of example models.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51825 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 278
anticipate or detect. The initial change may be
gradual but then rapidly accelerate as a tipping point
is approached. Nonlinearly responding systems can
change disproportionally to small changes in stressors
with little or no warning [6]. It is becoming
increasingly clear that many complex systems have
critical thresholds so-called tipping points at which
the system shifts abruptly from one state to
another[7]. Critical slowing down appears to be
generic for a wide class of local bifurcations (7), at
which the current equilibrium state of a system loses
stability before being replaced by another equilibrium
state [9]. The theoretical study of two-sided markets
began gaining attention in the early 2000s
[18,19,20,21,22,23,24]
This paper defines a new math model of the platform
ecosystem; we take help from a Lotka-Voltera model
based on [15, 16, 17]. We build up a large number of
connected users (set of interacting elements). Our
model represents both suppliers and consumers
growth, suppliers and consumers churn, competition
within consumers (interspecific and intraspecific), the
alliance within suppliers, the negative interaction
within consumers and the mutual interaction between
suppliers and consumers this model developed based
on the Lotka-Voltera one. The competition within the
platform can be compared to predators and prey; the
difference is that the competing companies are
predators and preys simultaneously. Each one tries to
be the best and the market leader. In [25] Guofu Tan
and Junjie Zhou said that if a platform competition
increase, prices and platform profits can increase
while consumers surplus can decrease. While the
alliance can be compared to plants and pollinators,
the plant needs pollinators either pollinators do not
need the plant. However, in the alliance of companies
representing mutual benefit, each one needs the
others. The negative interaction within consumers
bans the platform from growing, for example if a
consumer “I” share his bad experience in the platform
with other consumers, he helps the others to do not
fall in the same bad situation, but this act will cause a
very dangerous damages for the platform, many
consumers will drop out from the platform and find a
suitable one.
II. METHODOLOGY
The model used in this research is a pair of non-linear
differential equations of the first order. It describes
the dynamics of our system, including different
interactions. The model developed in this study is
based on the Lotka-Voltera approach, which also a
couple of differential equations of first order but used
to describe the dynamics of a biologic system
(predator-prey). The evolution of the platform
ecosystem used in this study is as follow:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
i
i
M
S
ik k
i k
i i ij j ij j M
S
j M j M
ik k
k
M
C
ik k
i k
i i ij j M
C
j M
ik k
k
C
dS
S r B S S
dt
h C
S
dC
C S
dt
h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
=
∈ ∈
=
=
∈
=
= − + +
+
= − +
+
∑
∑ ∑
∑
∑
∑
∑
Where Si and Ci are the numbers of suppliers and
consumers, respectively, ri represent the growth rate
for each supplier in group i (without interspecific and
interspecific competition). This rate (ri) is the
percentage change in the number of vendors during
the time. (µi) is the growth rates of consumers. (Bij)
represents the coefficient of competition between the
supplier in group i and group j. Whereas (µij) is the
coefficient of mutualistic interaction (alliance or
partnership) between suppliers in group i and in group
j. (λij) is the coefficient of the negative interaction
within consumers
( )
i
S
ik
γ and
( )
i
C
ik
γ while, h is the half-
saturation point (is a constant which limits the
number of suppliers and consumers).
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1
2
1
1
2
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
eff
s eff eff eff eff
S
eff
C
eff
eff
c eff eff eff
C
eff
C
dS
r d S BS S S
dt h C
S
dC
d C C C
dt h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
= − − + +
+
= − − +
+
Where the dynamical variables Seff and Ceff are
effective or the average number of suppliers and
consumers, respectively. (r1) and (µ1) are effective
growth rates for suppliers and consumers,
respectively. B is the parameter that characterized the
effect of the intraspecific and interspecific
competition; δ and λ are the parameters that
characterize the effects of an intraspecific and
interspecific alliance of suppliers and negative
interaction within consumers (respectively).
( )
i
S
ij
γ And ( )
i
C
ij
γ are the effective mutualistic
strength associated with the suppliers and consumers,
respectively. We have r = r1 –ds, and µ= µ1 - dc.
Where r1 and µ1 are the suppliers’ and consumers’
subscription rates (respectively), while ds and dc are
the suppliers’ and consumers’ churning rates
(respectively).
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1
2
1
0
1
3
0
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
eff
s eff eff eff eff
S
eff
C
eff
eff
c eff eff eff
C
eff
C
dS
r d S BS S S
dt h C
S
dC
d C C C
dt h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
= − − + + =
+
= − − + =
+
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From equation (3) we can see that (0, 0) is one of the
roots of this equation, the other root can be written as
follows:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
0
1
4
0
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
s eff S
eff
C
eff
c eff C
eff
C
r d B S
h C
S
d C
h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
− + − + =
+
− − + =
+
We can write also:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
S S
eff
C
eff
C C
eff
C
r d B
h C
S
d
h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
−
−
− + −
+
− +
+
We have r = r1-ds and µ = µ1-dc. Where r1 and
µ1 are the suppliers’ and consumers’
subscription rates, while ds and dc are the
suppliers’ and consumers’churning rates.
The solutions of Eq.4 can be conveniently
expressed in terms of the following quadratic
equation for (Seff) and (Ceff):
( )
2
1 2 3
2
1 2 3
0
6
0
eff eff
eff eff
q S q S q
p C p C p
+ + =
+ + =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
Competition coefficient
S
1eff
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
Negative interaction coefficient
C
1eff
Figure 1: The effect of competition coefficient (within suppliers) and negativeinteraction (within
consumers) on the tipping point. These graphs show the shut-ting down of equilibrium point.
Competition and negative interaction are key factors that increasingly lead to collapse. For each
network, the parameter values are: ⟨γS⟩ = ⟨γC⟩ = 1, r1 = 0.3, µ1 = 0.3, δ = 0.1, h = 0.7, ds = 0
anddc= 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
−8
−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
Interaction Strength
S
eff
h=0
h=0.1
h=0.2
h=0.3
h=0.4
h=0.5
h=0.6
h=0.7
h=0.8
h=0.9
h=1
Figure 2: The effect of the interaction strength coefficient on the number ofconsumers and
suppliers. For each network, the parameter values are: Bii = 1,
Bij = 0.5 r1 = 0.3, δ = 0.1, ds = 0.1
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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Growth rate (r
1i
)
S
eff
(−q
2
2
−∆1/2
)/2q
1
<B
ij
>=0
<B
ij
>=0.1
<B
ij
>=0.2
<Bij
>=0.3
<B
ij
>=0.4
<B
ij
>=0.5
<B
ij
>=0.6
<B
ij
>=0.7
<B
ij
>=0.8
<B
ij
>=0.9
<Bij
>=1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Growth rate (r
1i
)
S
eff
(−q
2
2
−∆1/2
)/2q
1
ds=0
ds=0.1
ds=0.2
ds=0.3
ds=0.4
ds=0.5
ds=0.6
ds=0.7
ds=0.8
ds=0.9
ds=1
Figure 3: The effect of the growth rate on the tipping point (Supplier side). Foreach network, the
parameter values are for left graph are: ‹ γS ›= ‹ γC ›= 1, δ = 0.1, h = 0.5, ds = 0 Bii = 1. For
right graph are: ‹γS›= ‹ γC ›= 1, δ = 0.1, h = 0.5, Bii = 1 and Bij = 0.3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
Growth rate (µ1i
)
C
eff
C
eff
=(−p
2
2
+∆1/2
)/2p
1
dc=0
dc=0.1
dc=0.2
dc=0.3
dc=0.4
dc=0.5
dc=0.6
dc=0.7
dc=0.8
dc=0.9
dc=1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
−20
−10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Growth rate (µ1i
)
C
eff
C
eff
=(−p
2
2
+∆1/2
)/2p
1
h=0
h=0.1
h=0.2
h=0.3
h=0.4
h=0.5
h=0.6
h=0.7
h=0.8
h=0.9
h=1
Figure 4: The effect of the growth rate on the tipping point (Consumer side). For each network, the
parameter values of left graph are: ‹ γS ›= ‹ γC › = 1, h = 0.7 and λij = 0.1. For right graph are: ‹ γS ›= ‹
γC › = 1, dc = 0 and λij =0.1.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
−0.025
−0.02
−0.015
−0.01
−0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
The churn rate "dc"
C
eff
h=0.1
h=0.2
h=0.3
h=0.4
h=0.5
h=0.6
h=0.7
h=0.8
h=0.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
The churn rate "ds"
S
eff
h=0.8
h=0.9
h=1
Figure 5: The effect of the churning rates on the number of consumers and suppliers. For each network, the
parameter values are: µ1 = 0.15, λii = 1, λij = 0 and l = 0.5 but in the second graph for Seff we have r1 = 0.7,
l=0.5, Bii=1, Bij=0.
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1 2 3 4 5
0
2
4
6
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
x 10
16
The interaction strengthS
The interaction strengthC
S
Eff
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1
2
3
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
x 10
16
γC
γ
S
S
eff
1
2
3
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
−1.5
−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
x 10
19
γ
C
γ
S
C
eff
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1
2
3
−6
−4
−2
0
2
4
x 10
16
γC
γ
S
S
eff
1
2
3
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8
x 10
17
γC
γS
C
eff
Figure 6: The effect of the interaction strength on the number of consumers and suppliers (3D graph). For
each network we have: first graph from the left we fixed δij = 0, Bij = 0, r1 = 0.3, ds = 0.1, and h = 0.2.
Second graph to the right we have: δij = 0.1, Bij = 0.1, r1 = -0.3, ds = 0.1, and h = 0.2. Third graph we have: λij
= 0.1, µ1 = -0.3, dc = 0.1, and h = 0.2. Fourth graph we have: δij = 0.1, Bij = 0.1, r1 = 0.3, ds =0.1, and h = 0.2.
The last graph we have: λij = 0.1, µ1 = 0.3, dc = 0.1, and h = 0.2.
III. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In this work we present an approach to measure the points of collapse for suppliers and consumers. The
proposed model incorporates growth, internal perturbation (churning), competition, alliance, and mutualistic
interaction between suppliers and consumers. As a result of management, we suppose that there are economic
changes, so that some parameters will increase while some others will decrease, rendering inevitable eventual
collapse of our system. From the figures we made, we can conclude the factors that lead to collapse. We have
adopted an approximation theory to understand the mechanism of the system and controlling its equilibrium
point. In particular we aim to predict the factors that cause the collapse. The basic idea is to find the point from
which our system switches from a high stable steady state to a low stable steady state. We present results with 6
figures, we vary γS, γC , ds, dc, r1, µ1, Bij, δij, λij, h and l, systematically and study whether a reduction of these
parameters may lead to a tipping point.
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In figure1 the parameters are fixed: h = 0.7; ‹γS
›=‹γC
›= 1; r1 = µ1 = 0.3; δ = 0.001; Bij ϵ [0, 1], λ ϵ
[0, 1] and ds=0, these 2 graphs show the shutting down of the equilibrium point. The effect of
competition is increasingly leading to fast collapse, and especially for Seff and Ceff we can see clearly
the change down. Green line shows how the number of suppliers goes down, due to the rising of the
competition coefficient Bij, while the blue line shows the decreasing of the number of consumers due to the
rising of λij. The result shows that our model containing at least two key factors (B and λ) that can
provoke the fast decreasing number of users in the platform whenever the interspecific competition Bij and
the negative interaction (interspecific) λij are increasing, the equilibrium tends to collapse. (It’s unwanted that Bij
and λij increase, also some others parameters value are affecting positively the collapse; but we can’t discuss
them in only one figure, for that we made other figures that make things more clear. In figure 2 the parameters
‹γS
› ∈ [0, 10], ‹γC
› ∈ [0, 10]; Bii =1, Bij =0.5, δ=0.1 and ds=0.1. We presented in many lines with
different colors the movements of Seff in terms of interaction strength, we can see when h=0 (the
blue line) and when h=0.1 (green line), the Seff decreases faster compare to the other lines,
whenever h is rising the Seff slowly decrease. We increased the value Bij = 0.5 and we can see that mall
change in ds and dc will greatly change our results, these values and h are affecting negatively the steady state,
Seff and Ceff decrease to a negative values, we see the point where total collapse occur (a, b) where a ϵ [6, 8] and
b ϵ [0, 1]. Here we took the churning rate non zero, which means that the growth rate will automatically
decrease, not only dc and ds but also the interspecific competition, here it is equal to 0.5, this value is big while
δij is too small which makes the collapse easier. In figure 3 we fixed for the left graph B11 = 1, h = 0,5; δ= 0:1,
‹γS
›=‹γC
›= 1, ds=0 and r1 ϵ [-1;-0,3] . For the right graph we have fixed Bii = 1, h = 0.5, δ= 0:1, ‹γS
›=‹γC
›= 1,
Bij = 0.3 and r1 ϵ [-0.2; 1]. In the interval [-1;-0,3] we have ∆ < 0, but in the interval [-0:2; 1] we have ∆> 0 In the
two graphs we see that the number of suppliers is increasing whenever we’re rising the growth rate, from the
figure we notice that Bij < Bi+1,j or ds,i<ds,i+1 we have (Seff)i < (Seff) i+1 (i=0,0.1,0.2,…,1) which affect negatively
the growth of the number of suppliers. In figure 4 for the left graph we fixed λ = 0.1 ; ‹γS
›=‹γC
›= 1; h=0.7 and
dc={0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9}, while for right graph we fixed: ‹γS
›=‹γC
›= 1; dc=0 and
h={0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9} In this figure we see the decreasing of Ceff even we are rising the growth
rate cue to other internal or external factors and aslo the nature of discriminant. dc drive the system to collapse
faster, while h is driving to the fast collapse if it is approaching to zero. Figure 3 shows the 4 solutions which are
depending on: ∆s, ∆c, r1, µ1, Bij, h and ds, dc; here we have two increasing solutions and two decreasing ones, we
note that Bij interact as the same way as ds. In figure 4 we concentrated on the consumers results, we have 2
sgraphs depending on: ∆c, dc, µ1 and h. We can see the difference on the results when changing the values of dc,
and h. In figure 5 we took on the x-abscissa ds and dc. we fixed µ1 = 0.15, λii = 1, λij = 0, l = 0.5, r1 = 0.7, l=0.5,
Bii=1, Bij=0. and the solutions are decreasing faster when dc are increasing and h decreasing, these factors
causing a faster collapse. In the 2nd
graph, the solutions are decreasing then increasing these change is due to the
big value of growth rate, here for h we have only three values, if h is less than 0.8 the discriminant is negative
which lead to a complex solution which is physically unrealistic; if we read this graph conversely we see tipping
points at ds ϵ [0.6, 1]. We summary in this figure that when the value of ds and dc are increasing from 0 to 1, Seff
moves continuously (decreasing) in the negative side (for first graph in the left side), and moves continuously
(decreasing then increasing) in the positive side (second graph in the left side), also Ceff moves continuously
form positive side to negative side (the graph in the right side. We passed to a 3D plot in figure 6, it shows the
effect of the interaction strength on the tipping point, and we can see the tipping point in each graph which is
depending on the values of system’s parameters and the nature of the discriminant ∆s and ∆c. Some graphs are
increasing some others are decreasing due to the nature of ∆s and ∆c.
From results found in [4] we can conclude that if r1 > 0; µ1 > 0, and ds = 0; dc= 0 we have: q1 < 0,
p1 < 0, q3 < 0, and p3 < 0 in this casewe have two solutions (positive and negative solutions). In
the case r1 < 0; µ1 < 0 and for ds = 0; dc= 0 we have:
( )
1 0
1
i
i
S
eff
S S
eff
C
r d
h C
γ
γ
− + >
+
and ( )
1 0
1
i
i
C
eff
C C
eff
S
d
h S
γ
µ
γ
− + >
+
In this case the solutions are:
( ) ( )
( )
1
1
2 1
0
7
1
i
i
eff
S
eff
eff S S
eff
S
C
S r d B
h C
γ
δ
γ
−
=
= − + −
+
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( ) ( )
( )
1
1
2 1
0
8
1
i
i
eff
C
eff
eff C C
eff
C
S
C d
h S
γ
µ λ
γ
−
=
= − +
+
In the case Seff = 0 and Ceff = 0, it corresponds to the churning state.
In the case q2
2
− 4q1q3 < 0, and p2
2
− 4p1p3 < 0 the solution is complex, and physically it is unrealistic we
consider it unrealistic in our research.
In all these figures we use our framework to identify the changes in the parameter’s values and intervals that are
associated with a collapse from a state of users subscriptions (i.e. Seff > 0, Ceff>0), to a state where all users will
unsubscribe (i.e. Seff ≤ 0,Ceff ≤ 0).
IV. CONCLUSION
Platforms have become one of the most important business models of the 21st century, but many of them fail.
Platforms are built on a variety of factors, but often fail because of the mismanagement of those factors .To
understand why and how platforms fail, we tried to identify the key factors deriving platforms to collapse. From
the figures we’ve made we general lessons about why platforms struggle. After analyzing our model we notice
that platforms fail for these reasons: maximizing the churning rates (ds, dc), maximizing the intraspecific
competition (Bij), maximizing the negative interactions (λij), and minimizing the half saturation (h), Since many
things can go wrong in a platform. If a firm cannot stay competitive, no market position is safe. By identifying
the sources of failure, managers can reduce the mistakes that lead to failure.
V. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR: “Identifying key factors driving platform ecosystem to
collapse”.
1. INTRODUCTION
There are several types of platforms such as Amazon, EBay, Google, Alibaba, Aliexpress, Taobao...etc; The
notion of platform has been developed by management researchers in three different domain of research
(product, technological system, and transactions)[1]. Platforms are often associated with the "network Effects":
that is, the more users adopt the platform, the more valuable the platform becomes to the owner and users due to
increasing access to the network of users and often to a growing set of complementary innovations In other
words, there are more and more incentives to more companies and users to adopt the platform and join
Ecosystem with the arrival of more users and add-ons [2].
2. DERIVATION OF THE 2D REDUCED MODEL
First of all from eq.4, we can obtain the effective average number of suppliers and consumers and we can write:
( )
9
i i eff
rS r S
≈
( )
,1 , 10
i i i s
r r d
= −
( ) ( ) ( )
,1 , 1 11
i i s i s eff
r d S r d S
− = −
And
( )
12
i i eff
C C
µ µ
≈
( ) ( )
,1 , 13
i i i c
d
µ µ
= −
( ) ( ) ( )
,1 , 1 14
i i c i c eff
d C d C
µ µ
− ≈ −
Here we define Seff and Ceff as the effective number of suppliers and consumers (respectively).
Suppliers in different platforms and different commodities do not compete as those in same platform and same
commodities, for that we can write: ii ij
B B
>> ; also we can generate it for those who interact positively within
them if they are in same commodities or different, so the positive interaction in same commodities will be
stronger than that on in different commodities, and same situation for consumers, then we can write: ii ij
δ δ
>> and
ii ij
λ λ
>> . In other side we can write:
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( )
1
2
1
15
M
ij j i eff
j
B S S B S
=
≈
∑
And
( )
1
2
1
16
M
ij j i eff
j
S S S
δ δ
=
≈
∑
And
( )
2
2
1
17
M
ij j i eff
j
C C C
λ λ
=
≈
∑
To integrate interspecific interaction in our model, we write the interactions terms as follow:
( )
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
1
1
1
18
1
M
M
M ij
i
i
ij j i eff eff
M
j
i
B
B S S S B S
=
=
=
=
≈ ≈
∑ ∑
∑
∑
And
( )
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
1
1
1
19
1
M
M
M ij
i
i
ij j i eff eff
M
j
i
S S S S
δ
δ δ
=
=
=
=
≈ ≈
∑ ∑
∑
∑
And
( )
2
2
2
2
1
2 2
1
1
1
20
1
M
M
M ij
i
i
ij j i eff eff
M
j
i
C C C C
λ
λ λ
=
=
=
=
≈ ≈
∑ ∑
∑
∑
Now for finding the effective interaction in the network of our model in both sides (suppliers side and consumers
side), we start by calculating the strength of the mutualistic interaction for each group of suppliers and
consumers as follows:
( )
( )
2 2
1
0
0
1 1
21
i
M M
S l
ij j ij j i eff
l
j j i
C C G C
G
γ
γ ε γ −
= =
≈ ≈
∑ ∑
And
( )
( )
1 1
1
0
0
1 1
22
i
M M
C l
ij j ij j i eff
l
j j i
S S Z S
Z
γ
γ ε γ −
= =
≈ ≈
∑ ∑
There are many ways and methods to get the average of the mutualistic strength, in this work we use the
unweighted method and we find:
( )
2
2
1
0
1
1
23
1
i
M
l
i
S i
ij M
i
G
γ
γ
−
=
=
=
∑
∑
And
( )
1
1
1
0
1
1
24
1
i
M
l
i
C i
ij M
i
Z
γ
γ
−
=
=
=
∑
∑
3. STEADY STATE SOLUTION
To obtain the equilibrium point (steady state) solution of suppliers-consumers number from our reduced model is
by solving two equations which are: 0
eff
dS
dt
= , and 0
eff
dC
dt
= we have:
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( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1 0 25
1
i
i
S
ij eff
eff
s eff eff eff eff
S
ij eff
C
dS
r d S BS S S
dt h C
γ
δ
γ
= − − + + =
+
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 0 26
1
i
i
C
ij eff
eff
c eff eff eff
C
ij eff
S
dC
d C C C
dt h S
γ
µ λ
γ
= − − + =
+
As we can define the Jacobian matrix related to the equilibrium point solution in the way:
( )
27
eff eff
eff eff
df df
dS dC
J
dg dg
dS dC
=
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2
1
2
2
1 1
28
2
1
1
i i i
i
i
i
i i i i
i
i
S S S
S
ij eff ij eff eff eff ij
ij eff
eff s S S
ij eff ij eff
C S C C
ij eff ij eff eff eff ij ij eff
eff c C
S
ij eff
ij eff
S h S C C h
C
S B r d
h C h C
J
C h C S S h S
C d
h S
h C
γ γ γ
γ
δ
γ γ
γ γ γ γ
λ µ
γ
γ
+ −
− + − +
+ +
=
+ −
− + − +
+
+
(0, 0) is one of the roots of this equation, the other root can be written as follows:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
0
1
29
0
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
s eff S
eff
C
eff
c eff C
eff
C
r d B S
h C
S
d C
h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
− + − + =
+
− − + =
+
We can write also:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
30
1
i
i
i
i
S
eff
S S
eff
C
eff
C C
eff
C
r d B
h C
S
d
h S
γ
δ
γ
γ
µ λ
γ
−
−
− + −
+
− +
+
We have r = r1-ds and µ = µ1-dc. Where r1 and µ1 are the suppliers’ and consumers’ subscription
rates, while ds and dc are the suppliers’ and consumers’churning rates.
The solutions of Eq.4 can be conveniently expressed in terms of the followingquadratic equation for (Seff)
and (Ceff):
( )
2
1 2 3
2
1 2 3
0
31
0
eff eff
eff eff
q S q S q
p C p C p
+ + =
+ + =
Where:
( ) ( )
2
1 1 3 2
i i i i i
C S C S C
q h h h r
γ γ γ γ γ
= − + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
1 1
2
33
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
S C S C S C
S C C S C S C
s
B h r B h r B h r
q
h r d h B h h r
δ δ γ δ γ γ γ γ γ
γ γ δ γ γ γ γ γ
− − − + − + +
=
+ − − + +
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 1 1 1 1 34
i i i
S S S
s
q r B r h r d B h r
δ γ γ δ γ
= − + + − − +
And
( ) ( )
2
1 1 3 5
i i i i i
S C S C S
p h h h
γ γ γ µ γ γ
= − + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
1 1
2
36
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i
S S C S C S
C S S C S C S
c
h h h
p
h d h h h
λ µ λ γ µ λ γ γ γ µ γ γ
µ γ γ λ γ γ γ µ γ γ
− + + +
= −
+ − + +
10. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD51825 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 286
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 1 1 1 1 37
i i i
C C C
c
q h d h
µ λ µ γ µ γ λ µ γ
= + + − +
To find the other roots we have to solve equation 31; we have: To find the other roots we have to solve
equation 6; we have: ∆S = (q2)2
−4q1q3 and ∆C = (p2)2
− 4p1p3;
A. If ∆S > 0 and ∆C > 0 we have two solutions: 2
1
1
2
S
q
S
q
− − ∆
= ; 2
2
1
2
S
q
S
q
− + ∆
= and 2
1
1
2
C
p
C
p
− − ∆
= ;
2
2
1
2
C
p
C
p
− + ∆
= .
B. If ∆S = 0 and ∆C = 0 we have a double solution: 2
1 2
1
2
q
S S
q
−
= = and 2
1 2
1
2
p
C C
p
−
= = .
C. If ∆S < 0 and ∆C < 0: In this case the solution will be complex and physically unrealistic in our work.
D. If ∆S > 0 and ∆C = 0 we have: 2
1
1
2
S
q
S
q
− − ∆
= ; 2
2
1
2
S
q
S
q
− + ∆
= and 2
1 2
1
2
p
C C
p
−
= =
E. If ∆S > 0 and ∆C < 0, we have: 2 2
1 2
1 1
;
2 2
S S
q q
S S
q q
− − ∆ − + ∆
= = , while C1 and C2 are complex.
F. If ∆S = 0 and ∆C > 0 we have: 2
1 2
1
2
q
S S
q
−
= = and 2
1
1
2
C
p
C
p
− − ∆
= ; 2
2
1
2
C
p
C
p
− + ∆
= .
G. If ∆S = 0 and ∆C < 0 we have: 2
1 2
1
2
q
S S
q
−
= = , while C1 and C2 are complex.
H. If ∆S < 0 and ∆C > 0 we have: S1 and S2 are complex, while 2
1
1
2
C
p
C
p
− − ∆
= ; 2
2
1
2
C
p
C
p
− + ∆
= .
I. If ∆S < 0 and ∆C = 0 we have: S1 and S2 are complex, while 2
1 2
1
2
p
C C
p
−
= = .
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