The document summarizes four instructional design models: 1) The Gerlach & Ely Model focuses on analyzing learners, specifying objectives, and assessing entry behaviors. 2) The Heinich, Molenda, Russell & Smaldino (ASSURE) Model includes analyzing learners and setting, selecting resources, and evaluating objectives. 3) The Newby, Stepich, Lehman & Russell (PIE) Model centers on planning, implementing, and evaluating instruction. 4) The Morrison, Ross & Kemp Model emphasizes specifying objectives, identifying problems with instruction, and revising based on learner performance data.

1. Analyze Design Develop Implement Evaluate
Start
Start
Start The Heinich, Molenda, Russell & Start
The Newby, Stepich,
The Gerlach & Ely Model Smaldino (ASSURE) Model The Morrison, Ross &
Lehman & Russell (PIE)
Kemp Model
Model
Analyze Learner
Learners Analysis Revise
Specifying Think About General
OR Planning
Objectives Content Characteristics
State Technology
Objectives Integration Specify the
Thinking Choose
Specifying About Content Resources instructional
Objectives Setting Objectives
Analysis
Implementation
Assessing Entry
Behavior of
Learners Audience Behaviors Conditions Degree
Create Evaluation
Methods Tool to Assess
Determine Select Media
Organize Allocate Objectives Learner Analysis
Allocate Time Evaluating
Strategy Groups Space Resources
Select Media Modify
OR Existing Revise
and Materials
Materials
Evaluation of
Performance
Revise
Feedback to Learner Use Data for
Utilize Media
Performance Revision Plan and Develop Identify
Instructor and Materials
Instruction problems w/
instruction and
readiness goals
Require
Analysis of Learner
Feedback Participation
Keep success of
learners in mind
when planning Task Analysis
Learner
Practice instruction
Sequence Content
Logically
Learner
Feedback
Revise
Evaluate and
Revise
How different
are Intended
Outcomes
from Actual
Outcomes?
Small Differences Large Differences
Revisit
Learner Return to
Feedback Start