INTRODUCTION TO ICT RESOURCE (O LEVEL) ICT IS SUBJECT IN O LEVEL COURSE BY NIELIT (All Pictures and information are collected by Mobile and Google, Learning Websites,Book,etc)

1. (O LEVEL)
INTRODUCTION TO I.C.T
RESOURCES
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Hardware and Networking Expert
By:

2. Question
What is
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3. I.C.T
Information and
Communication Technologies
INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
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4. WHAT IS I.C.T ?
 Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers to technologies that provide
access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but
focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell
phones, and other communication mediums.
 Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology used to handle
telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing
and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions. Although ICT is often
considered an extended synonym for information technology (IT), its scope is more broad.
 Information and communication technologies have provided society with a vast array of new
communication capabilities. For example, people can communicate in real-time with others in different
countries using technologies such as instant messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-
conferencing. Social networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in
contact and communicate on a regular basis.
 Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can
communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often
studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect society.
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5. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
“A Computer is an electronic machine that can solve different problems,
process data, store & retrieve data and perform calculations faster and
efficiently than humans”.
In Short We Can say That “ It Process the raw data and convert in to
useful information or result.
MEANING OF THE WORD “COMPUTER”?
Computer is derived from a Latin word “computare” which means to “to
calculate”, “to count”, “to sum up” or “to think together”. So, more
precisely the word computer means a "device that performs
computation".
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6. WHAT IS COMPUTER IN I.C.T?
A computer is made up of multiple parts and components that facilitate user
functionality. A computer has two primary categories:
Hardware: Physical structure that houses a computer's processor, memory,
storage, communication ports and peripheral devices.
Software: Includes operating system (OS) and applications software.
A computer works with software programs that are sent to its underlying
hardware architecture for reading, interpretation and execution. Computers
are classified according to computing power, capacity, size, mobility and
other factors, as personal computers (PC), desktop computers, laptop
computers, minicomputers, handheld computers and devices, mainframes or
supercomputers.
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7. THERE ARE SOME FULL FORMS IN I.C.T
AC Alternating current
ATA Advanced technology attachment
BIOS Basic input/output system
CD Compact disc
CD-ROM Compact disc-read-only memory
CD-RW Compact disc-rewritable
CMOS Complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor
COM1 Communication port 1
DDR Double data-rate
DHCP Dynamic host configuration protocol
DNS Domain name service or domain
name server
FAT File allocation table
HDMI High definition media interface
HDD Hard disk drive
HTTPS Hypertext transfer protocol over
secure sockets layer
IP Internet protocol
IPCONFIG Internet protocol
configuration
MBR Master boot record
PATA Parallel advanced
technology attachment
PIN Personal identification
number
MAC Media access control
MAN Metropolitan area
network
ISDN Itegrated services digital
network
IEEE Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers
IDE Integrated drive
electronics
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8. PARTS OF COMPUTER
 Monitor (Screen)
 Speaker
 Printer
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Microphone
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) (System Unit)
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
 CD/DVD Drive
 Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
 Blu Ray Disk Drive
 Motherboard ,etc
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9. PARTS OF COMPUTER
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10. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
C.P.U
NOW WE ARE GOING TO STUDY ABOUT
VARIOUS CABINET MODELS
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11. A computer cabinet is an enclosure with fitted, fixed or removable side panels
and doors. The cabinet contains a computer rack for mounting computers or
other electronic equipment like motherboard, hard disk etc. Cabinets come in a
variety of sizes, colors and styles and may contain baffles and fans to facilitate
cooling and minimize recycled and bypass airflow.
In the CPU Cabinet there are two panels.
A) Front Panel
B) Rear Panel
WHAT IS C.P.U? (WHAT IS A C.P.U CABINET?)
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12. FRONT PANEL OF A C.P.U CABINET
CD/DVD Drive
Unused Drive
Bays
Floppy Drive Indicator lights
USB Port
Headphone
Microphone
Power Switch
Reset Button
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13. COMPONENT OF THE FRONT PANEL
CD-ROM/DVD Drive: It accepts CD-ROM disks and DVD disks.
Floppy Drive: Your PC may have one slot to fit floppy drive. PCs accepts 3.5-inch.
Floppy disk, which is used for storing data onto or reading data from them.
Sleep LED: Sleep LED light show when the system is suspended.
Hard Disk Light (HDD LED): Its glow when the hard disk is being
accessed and flashes when its reads or writes. Its goes out when there is no
disk activity. The hard disk light can be either green or red but usually it is red.
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14. Power Light (Power LED) : Its glows when the PC is ON and remain ON all
the time. Its is usually green in color. LED is short for Light Emitting Diode.
Reset Button : This is a press switch which can be used to restart
the PC without switching off the mains power supply. However, use this switch
as a last resort, when the PC hangs and does not accept a command from the
keyboard. When you restart the PC, it will lose all the information currently
stored in its memory.
Power Switch : Depending on the model, this switch located either in
front or at the rear of the system unit. It is used to switch the system ON or
OFF
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15. REAR PANEL OF A C.P.U CABINET
Power Supply
PS/2 Ports
Serial Port
VGA Port
USB Port
Audio Jacks
Power Supply
Cooling Fan
Case Cooling
Fan
Parallel Port
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FireWire Port
IEEE 1394
Ethernet Port
Expansion
Slot

16. REAR PANEL OF A C.P.U CABINET
THERE ARE SOME VARIOUS TYPES PORTS
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17. PORTS OF REAR PANEL
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18. SYMBOLS OF PORTS
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19. SYMBOLS OF PORTS
SYMBOLS PORT NAME
Serial /COM Port
Parallel/ LPT (Line
Printer Terminal) Port
USB (Universal Serial
Bus)Port
IEEE 1394/
FIREWIRE
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20. SYMBOLS OF PORTS
SYMBOLS PORT NAME
PS/2 KEYBOARD
PS/2 MOUSE
LINE IN
LINE OUT
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21. SYMBOLS OF PORTS
SYMBOLS PORT NAME
MICROPHONE
JOYSTICK
BLUETOOTH
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VGA

22. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Cable plugged into these socket carry electric power supply from the electrical outlet
to your system unit. Power supply unit or PSU, the component that supplies power to
a computer. Most personal computers can be plugged into standard electrical outlets.
The power supply then pulls the required amount of electricity and converts the AC
current to DC current. It also regulates the voltage to eliminate spikes and surges
common in most electrical systems
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PORTS DESCRIPTION

23. Rajat Kumar
IBM introduced the PS/2 port to connect devices which use to connect keyboard. The
PS/2 port support the 6-pin PS/2 connector, which is very popular at present. It is
purple in color.
PS/2 -KEYBOARD: (PERSONAL SYSTEM /2 CONNECTOR)

24. PS/2-MOUSE
It is pointing device for moving and selecting items on the screen. It is the most
commonly used pointing device. A mouse port is used to connect the mouse with the
system unit. The PS/2 port support the 6-pin PS/2 connector, which is very popular at
present. It is green in color.
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25. SERIAL PORTS
A serial port is like a single lane road that sends and receives one bit of data at a time.
Thus, eight bits data in one bytes travels one at a time, one behind the other. The
serial port connector is also known as the Communication or COM port and have 9
pins. A serial port is used to connect devices such as the mouse, plotter, bar code
reader etc.
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26. PARALLEL / LPT (LINE PRINTER TERMINAL) PORT
The port was later developed by Epson. The parallel port is found on the back of IBM
compatible computers and is a 25-pin.This computer interface commonly used to
connect printers to the computer. A Parallel Port is a type of interface found
on computers for connecting peripherals. The name refers to the way the data is
sent; parallel ports send multiple bits of data at once, in parallel communication. To
do this, parallel ports require multiple data lines in their cables and port connectors.
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27. VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY ) PORT
Video Graphics Array is a standard type of connection for video devices such
as monitors and projectors. Generally, VGA refers to the types of cables, ports and
connectors used to connect monitors to video cards. Though VGA is still in use today,
it's rapidly being replaced by newer interfaces like DVI and HDMI. VGA cables have
15-pin connectors: 5 pins at the top, 5 in the middle, and the other 5 at the very
bottom. A VGA port on a desktop or laptop naturally has the same number of pin holes
so that a VGA cable can plug directly into it. Each and every pin has its own function.
For example, the first pin is for transferring the color red, while the second and third
are for green and blue.
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28. USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)PORT
USB is the most common type of computer port used in today's computers. It can be
used to connect keyboards, mice, game controllers, printers, scanners, digital cameras,
and removable media drives. With the help of a few USB hubs, you can connect up to
127 peripherals to a single USB port and use them all at once. USB have 4-pin
connectors. USB is also faster than older ports, such as serial and parallel ports. USB
also supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot plugging.
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29. FIREWIRE (IEEE 1394) PORT
IEEE 1394, commonly known as FireWire, is a standard connection type for many
different kinds of electronic devices such as digital video cameras, some printers and
scanners, external hard drives and other peripherals. It is hot swappable. It was first
developed by Apple in 1995.
Users more familiar with USB can consider FireWire similar to USB, as they has
many similarities. Like USB, FireWire has dozens of different devices such as
removable drives and cameras.
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30. RJ 45 (REGISTERED JACK 45, LAN, ETHERNET) PORT
Ethernet port, network connection, and network port, the LAN port allows a computer
to connect to a network using a wired connection. (Local Area Network port) An RJ-45
Ethernet socket on a computer or network device such as a switch or router. All client
machines, servers and network devices on the local network are cabled together at
their LAN ports. Their purpose is to connect wired network hardware in an Ethernet
LAN, metropolitan area network (MAN), or wide area network (WAN).You might see
an Ethernet connection on the back of a computer or the back or side of a laptop. The
two led lights will blink when the port is active.
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31. LINE IN (AUDIO IN) PORT
Line in is the audio jack found on an audio device that can be used to connect to
another audio output device or microphone. Line in could be either digital or
analog. The core functionality of the line-in jack is to aid in audio recording or
manipulate the incoming audio. Line in is also known as sound in, audio in or mic
in.
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32. LINE OUT (AUDIO OUT) PORT
Line Out referred to as audio out and sound out, the line out jack is found on
computer sound cards. It allows external speakers, headphones, or other output
devices to be connected to the computer, transferring computer generated audio to
the devices so that it can be heard.
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33. MICROPHONE PORT
A microphone is a hardware peripheral originally invented by Emile
Berliner in 1877 that allows computer users to input audio into their computers. A
microphone is a device that captures audio by converting sound waves into an
electrical signal. This signal can be amplified as an analog signal or may be converted
to a digital signal, which can be processed by a computer or other digital audio device.
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34. HDMI
(HIGH DEFINITION MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE) PORT
High Definition Multimedia Interface, HDMI is a connector and cable capable of
transmitting high-quality and high-bandwidth streams of audio and video between
devices. The HDMI technology is used with devices such as
an HDTV, Projector, DVD player, or Blu-ray player.
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35. DVI (DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE) PORT
Digital Visual Interface, DVI is a video display interface. It was developed to be an
industry standard for transmitting digital video content to display devices at
resolutions as high as 2560 x 1600. Common devices that utilize the DVI connection
are computer monitors and projectors. DVI can even be used with some TVs,
although HDMI is more common as only some DVI cables can transmit audio signals.
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36. EXPANSION PORT
An expansion slot is a connection or port located inside a computer on
the motherboard that allows a computer hardware expansion card to be connected.
For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in the computer, you'd
purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible expansion
slot.
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37. THAT ALL ABOUT CPU PORTS
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38. THANK YOU
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