This document provides an overview of evaluations conducted at the 23rd International Conference on Image Processing in Phoenix, Arizona from September 25-28, 2016. It describes subjective and objective evaluations performed to compare 10 image compression codecs in lossy and lossless scenarios using defined test materials and methodologies. The results of these evaluations will be presented at the conference to help advance image compression technologies.
Overview of JPEG standardization committee activitiesTouradj Ebrahimi
If you need to know about JPEG standardization activities, these slides are for you. Feel free to distribute, and use in your talks, presentations, etc.
Slides of a talk I gave in June 2018 at Google, giving an overview of various JPEG standardisation activities in compression and a short introductory with past projects.
The Advisory Group on MPEG Visual Quality Assessment (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29/AG5) has been founded in 2020 with the goal to select and design subjective quality evaluation methodologies and objective quality metrics for the assessment of visual coding technologies in the context of the MPEG standardization work. In this talk, the current work items, as well as perspectives and first achievements of the group, are presented.
This presentation will provide an overview of the recent activities carried out on quality assessment of immersive media within the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG), particularly within the Immersive Media Group (IMG). Among other efforts, outcomes will be presented from the cross-lab test (carried out by ten different labs) in order to assess and validate subjective evaluation methodologies for 360º videos, which was instrumental in the development of the ITU-T Recommendation P.919. Also, insights will be provided on the current plans on exploring the evaluation of the quality of experience of immersive communication systems, considering different technologies such as 360º video, point cloud, free-viewpoint video, etc.
Interest in immersive media increased significantly over recent years. Besides applications in entertainment, culture, health, industry, etc., telepresence and remote collaboration gained importance due to the pandemic and climate crisis. Immersive media have the potential to increase social integration and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, technologies along the whole pipeline from capture to display are maturing and applications are becoming available, creating business opportunities. One aspect of immersive technologies that is still relatively undeveloped is the understanding of perception and quality, including subjective and objective assessment. The interactive nature of immersive media poses new challenges to estimation of saliency or visual attention, and to the development of quality metrics. The V-SENSE lab of Trinity College Dublin addresses these questions in current research. This talk will highlight corresponding examples in 360 VR video, light fields, volumetric video and XR.
Overview of JPEG standardization committee activitiesTouradj Ebrahimi
If you need to know about JPEG standardization activities, these slides are for you. Feel free to distribute, and use in your talks, presentations, etc.
Slides of a talk I gave in June 2018 at Google, giving an overview of various JPEG standardisation activities in compression and a short introductory with past projects.
The Advisory Group on MPEG Visual Quality Assessment (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29/AG5) has been founded in 2020 with the goal to select and design subjective quality evaluation methodologies and objective quality metrics for the assessment of visual coding technologies in the context of the MPEG standardization work. In this talk, the current work items, as well as perspectives and first achievements of the group, are presented.
This presentation will provide an overview of the recent activities carried out on quality assessment of immersive media within the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG), particularly within the Immersive Media Group (IMG). Among other efforts, outcomes will be presented from the cross-lab test (carried out by ten different labs) in order to assess and validate subjective evaluation methodologies for 360º videos, which was instrumental in the development of the ITU-T Recommendation P.919. Also, insights will be provided on the current plans on exploring the evaluation of the quality of experience of immersive communication systems, considering different technologies such as 360º video, point cloud, free-viewpoint video, etc.
Interest in immersive media increased significantly over recent years. Besides applications in entertainment, culture, health, industry, etc., telepresence and remote collaboration gained importance due to the pandemic and climate crisis. Immersive media have the potential to increase social integration and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, technologies along the whole pipeline from capture to display are maturing and applications are becoming available, creating business opportunities. One aspect of immersive technologies that is still relatively undeveloped is the understanding of perception and quality, including subjective and objective assessment. The interactive nature of immersive media poses new challenges to estimation of saliency or visual attention, and to the development of quality metrics. The V-SENSE lab of Trinity College Dublin addresses these questions in current research. This talk will highlight corresponding examples in 360 VR video, light fields, volumetric video and XR.
The Impact of the Rising Tide of Asylum-seekers on the Homeless Sector in Ger...FEANTSA
Thomas Specht's presentation in the "Access to Adequate Accommodation for Asylum Seekers and the Role of the Homeless Sector" workshop at the FEANTSA European Policy Conference on teh 10th of June 2016
Presented by the Homeless Issues Partnership, this presentation was the results from the Point In Time survey conducted in January of 2011 which gathered information from homeless individuals in Corpus Christi.
Can Empty Housing Genuinely be Converted into Real Solutions for Homeless Peo...FEANTSA
Bronagh D'Arcy's presentation in the "Innovative Housing Solutions for Homeless People" workshop at the FEANTSA Annual European Policy Conference on the 10th of June 2016
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Food systems, food security and environmental changeIIED
This is a presentation given by Dr John Ingram of Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute (ECI) to a Critical Theme organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development on 12 February 2015.
Dr Ingram leads the Environmental Change Institute's Food Systems Research and Training Programme, which aims to increase understanding of the interactions between food security and environmental change. The programme's research products have been adopted by national and international organisations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the UK and Dutch governments.
In his presentation, Ingram looked at food system activities and 'planetary boundaries' – the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the earth's biophysical systems. If these planetary boundaries are crossed, then important subsystems, such as a monsoon system, could shift into a new state. Such shifts could have damaging consequences, including undermining the environmental conditions and the natural resource base on which our food security depends.
IIED hosts Critical Themes meetings to explore new ideas, introduce new research and broaden the knowledge of its staff.
More details: bit.ly/1CkRJ9K.
In between the obvious risks from crop failures and livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the retail level, are food security issues and risks that run through the entire food supply chain. Because there are so many interconnected threads in food security, it is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire picture.
HPRP can be combined with other resources to create a set of prevention initiatives that is coordinated and strategically designed to stop high risk groups from becoming homeless. This workshop will examine how communities with a coordinated prevention strategy target resources, identify and address service gaps, avoid duplication, and measure outcomes.
Virtual Retinal Display: their falling cost and rising performanceJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of virtual retinal displays. These displays focus light on a person’s retina using LEDs, digital micro-mirrors and lenses, which are all encased in a head-set about the size of glasses. They enable high resolution 3D video images with a large field of view that are far superior to existing displays. Rapid improvements in LEDs and digital micro-mirrors (one type of MEMS) are enabling these displays to experience rapid reductions in cost and improvements in performance.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how Light Field Technology is becoming economic feasible for an increasing number of applications. Light Field Cameras record all of the light fields in a picture instead of just one light field. This capability enables users to change the focus of pictures after they have been taken and to more easily record 3D data. These features are becoming economically feasible improvements because of rapid improvements in camera chips and micro-lens arrays (an example of micro-electronic mechanical systems, MEMS). These features offer alternative ways to do 3D sensing for automated vehicles and augmented reality and can enable faster data collection with telescopes.
This presentation is all about highlighting present scenario of food security in India and the Issues and challenges it is facing. Furthermore, some of the pragmatic measures have been given so as to make India a food secure nation.
The Impact of the Rising Tide of Asylum-seekers on the Homeless Sector in Ger...FEANTSA
Thomas Specht's presentation in the "Access to Adequate Accommodation for Asylum Seekers and the Role of the Homeless Sector" workshop at the FEANTSA European Policy Conference on teh 10th of June 2016
Presented by the Homeless Issues Partnership, this presentation was the results from the Point In Time survey conducted in January of 2011 which gathered information from homeless individuals in Corpus Christi.
Can Empty Housing Genuinely be Converted into Real Solutions for Homeless Peo...FEANTSA
Bronagh D'Arcy's presentation in the "Innovative Housing Solutions for Homeless People" workshop at the FEANTSA Annual European Policy Conference on the 10th of June 2016
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Food systems, food security and environmental changeIIED
This is a presentation given by Dr John Ingram of Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute (ECI) to a Critical Theme organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development on 12 February 2015.
Dr Ingram leads the Environmental Change Institute's Food Systems Research and Training Programme, which aims to increase understanding of the interactions between food security and environmental change. The programme's research products have been adopted by national and international organisations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the UK and Dutch governments.
In his presentation, Ingram looked at food system activities and 'planetary boundaries' – the safe operating space for humanity with respect to the earth's biophysical systems. If these planetary boundaries are crossed, then important subsystems, such as a monsoon system, could shift into a new state. Such shifts could have damaging consequences, including undermining the environmental conditions and the natural resource base on which our food security depends.
IIED hosts Critical Themes meetings to explore new ideas, introduce new research and broaden the knowledge of its staff.
More details: bit.ly/1CkRJ9K.
In between the obvious risks from crop failures and livestock epidemics, and food contamination at the retail level, are food security issues and risks that run through the entire food supply chain. Because there are so many interconnected threads in food security, it is important for insurers to have a grasp of the entire picture.
HPRP can be combined with other resources to create a set of prevention initiatives that is coordinated and strategically designed to stop high risk groups from becoming homeless. This workshop will examine how communities with a coordinated prevention strategy target resources, identify and address service gaps, avoid duplication, and measure outcomes.
Virtual Retinal Display: their falling cost and rising performanceJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of virtual retinal displays. These displays focus light on a person’s retina using LEDs, digital micro-mirrors and lenses, which are all encased in a head-set about the size of glasses. They enable high resolution 3D video images with a large field of view that are far superior to existing displays. Rapid improvements in LEDs and digital micro-mirrors (one type of MEMS) are enabling these displays to experience rapid reductions in cost and improvements in performance.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how Light Field Technology is becoming economic feasible for an increasing number of applications. Light Field Cameras record all of the light fields in a picture instead of just one light field. This capability enables users to change the focus of pictures after they have been taken and to more easily record 3D data. These features are becoming economically feasible improvements because of rapid improvements in camera chips and micro-lens arrays (an example of micro-electronic mechanical systems, MEMS). These features offer alternative ways to do 3D sensing for automated vehicles and augmented reality and can enable faster data collection with telescopes.
This presentation is all about highlighting present scenario of food security in India and the Issues and challenges it is facing. Furthermore, some of the pragmatic measures have been given so as to make India a food secure nation.
Comparison of compression efficiency between HEVC and VP9 based on subjective...Touradj Ebrahimi
These are the slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics + Photonics 2014 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXVII. The paper itself can be downloaded from SPIE Digital Library. For people in hurry, a pre-print version is available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200925?ln=en
Subjective quality evaluation of the upcoming HEVC video compression standard Touradj Ebrahimi
Slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics+Photonics 2012 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXV, San Diego, August 12-16, 2012
Paper available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/180494
My keynote at 1st International Workshop on Social Multimedia Computing (SMC), Melbourne, Australia, 9 July 2012.
see: http://www.icme2012.org or
http://smc2012.idm.pku.edu.cn/
Rate distortion performance of VP8 (WebP and WebM) when compared to standard ...Touradj Ebrahimi
These are the slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics and Photonics 2011, August 2011, San Diego comparing rate distortion performance of VP8 (WebP and WebM) to major image and video compression standards from subjective evaluation point of view.
Towards second generation expert systems in telepathology for aid in diagnosisTouradj Ebrahimi
Slides of my invited plenary talk at 10th European Congress on Telepathology and 4th International Congress on Virtual Microscopy, in Vilnius, Lithuania, 1-3 July 2010.
Keynote speech at COST 292 final workshop on future of multimedia search and ...Touradj Ebrahimi
This is a one year old keynote I gave on my thoughts about challenges in multimedia search and a high level description of JPSearch standard. JPSearch has been progressing further since then, but responding to frequent and popular demands, I am sharing these with you!
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Background
• Call for information on still image coding
– Issued by JPEG committee on February 2015
– Broad scope not only limited to compression efficiency
• New imaging modalities (more than 8-bit, HDR, …)
• Features (scalability, random access, …)
• Characteristics (complexity, latency, …)
– A first response produced during PCS 2015
– Both lossy and lossless
• ICIP 2016 Feature Event
– Evaluation of current and future Image compression technologies
• This contribution only focuses on compression efficiency of conventional images in lossy and lossless
without taking into account other criteria (features, complexity, delay, etc.)
• Objective and subjective evaluations in lossy case carried out by Qualinet
– VUB/iMinds (Belgium)
– UBI (Portugal)
– CTU (Czech Republic)
– University Stuttgart(Germany)
– University Patras(Greece)
– EPFL (Switzerland)
• Lossless evaluations carried out by University of Stuttgart (Germany)
2
http://www.jpeg.org
http://www.qualinet.eu
3. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Test material in lossy evaluations
• Contents: 7 (1 training + 6 test):
– Resolutions - 800x1152 or 800x1280 depending on content
– Subjective evaluations on cropped versions to fit display
– Objective metrics performed on the cropped versions
• Stimuli:
– Original images
– Compressed/decompressed images with 10 codecs
• JPEG (default)
• JPEG (PSNR)
• JPEG (visual)
• JPEG 2000 (PSNR)
• JPEG 2000 (visual)
• JPEG XR (444)
• JPEG XR (420)
• HEVC (SCC ext.)
• Daala
• WebP
• 8 bit rates for objective metrics:
– 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2 bpp
• 4 bit rates for subjective evaluations:
– 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 bpp or 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 bpp depending on content
training
3
bike cafe honolulu
p08 p26 woman
7. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Codecs used in lossless evaluations
7
1. JPEG XR Lossless
2. JPEG 2000 lossless
3. FLIF (submitted to ICIP2016 Grand Challenge)
4. JPEG LS part-1 without color transformation
5. JPEG LS part-2 with lossless color transformation
6. PNG
7. WebP lossless
8. JPEG XT part 8 lossless with residual coding
9. JPEG XT part 8 lossless with arithmetic coding
10. JPEG XT part 8 with lossless DCT
11. JPEG-1 lossless
12. JPEG-1 lossless with arithmetic coding
13. JPEG XT part 8, residual coding with optimized Huffman coding, progressive mode
14. JPEG XT part 8, lossless DCT with optimized Huffman coding, progressive mode.
15. Hierarchical JPEG with the initial pass a DCT coding and the second level of the pyramid lossless coding and
optimized Huffman coding
16. Same as 15, but with arithmetic coding instead of Huffman coding
17. Same as 15, except that the first level of the pyramid is a down scaled ¼ and processed by the DCT. compressed
with DCT, then up scaled, and the residual is compressed by the predictive mode of JPEG.
18. Same as 17, but with arithmetic coding.
8. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Codecs used in lossy evaluations
• JPEG (default): IJG implementation of JPEG with default options (i.e. Annex K quantization
settings, 420 color subsampling, baseline configuration) – “cjpeg” without further options.
• JPEG (PSNR): JPEG XT reference software using JPEG XT part 1 baseline compressor
compatible with 10918-1. PNSR optimized version: -oz -h -qt 1 –v
–Enabling: 444 subsampling, flat quantization matrix, optimized Huffman coding, progressive scan order.
• JPEG (visual): JPEG XT reference software using JPEG XT part 1 baseline compressor
compatible with 10918-1. Visually optimized version: -oz -h -qt 3 -v -s 1x1,2x2,2x2
–Enabling: 420 subsampling, ImageMagick quantization matrix, optimized Huffman coding, progressive
coding.
8
9. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Codecs used in lossy evaluations
• JPEG 2000 (PSNR): JPEG 2000 compressor using Accusoft software with the following
command line options: -lo -as -cn 1
–Enabling: strict rate allocator, 5 decomposition levels, one layer, no precincts, no tiles. lossy 5/3 and not
9/7 wavelet.
• JPEG 2000 (visual): JPEG 2000 compressor using Accusoft software. Visually optimized
version: -lo -as -cn 1 -w 1000
–Enabling: features identical to JPEG 2000 (PSNR), but with visual weighting.
• JPEG XR (444): JPEG XR reference software with the following options: -f YUV444 -l 1 –d
–Enabling: 444 chroma subsampling, one level overlap, derived chroma quantization.
• JPEG XR (420): JPEG XR reference software with the following options: -f YUV420 -l 2 –d
–Enabling: 420 chroma subsampling, two level overlap, derived chroma quantization.
9
10. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Codecs used in lossy evaluations
• HEVC (SCC ext.): HEVC with Screen Content Coding extension configured to the main
intra-profile for 420 chroma input, with the following command line options: -c
cfg/encoder_intra_main_scc.cfg --InputChromaFormat=420 --ProgressiveSource --
FrameOnly -cf 420 --FrameRate=30 --FramesToBeEncoded=1 --QuadtreeTULog2MaxSize=5
--GOPSize=1 --IntraPeriod=1 --ConformanceWindowMode=1 --AdaptiveQP=1 --
RateControl=0 --TransquantBypassEnable=1 --CrossComponentPrediction=0 --
ColourTransform=0
• Daala: mozilla Daala with default configuration. No further options.
• WebP: Google WebP (part of WebM) with the following command line options: -m 6 -
partition_limit 50 -af
10
11. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Subjective evaluation methodology
• Subjective evaluation methodology based on ITU-T P.910
• ACR-HR: Absolute Category Rating with Hidden Reference
• Randomization of presentation order
• 5-level discrete scale: bad, poor, fair, good, excellent
• 10 codecs tested for their subjective quality
–10(codecs) x 6(images) x 4(bit rates) + 6(originals) = 246 stimuli
• 21 naïve subjects participated in VUB, UBI and EPFL labs
• Each subject completed 3 sessions of 80 stimuli (circa 15 min per session,
30 min break)
• Short training for bad, fair and excellent quality illustrations
• Display: Apple MacBook Pro Retina 15 inch or equivalent
• Typical office environment
11
Stimulus
1
Vote
1
Stimulus
80
Vote
80
time
Training
13. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Objective evaluation metrics
• HDR-VDP2.2: High Dynamic Range Visible Difference Predictor
–Calibrated metric developed for HDR images
–Considers a light-adaptive contrast sensitivity function, as the ranges of light adaptation can vary
substantially.
–Includes a specific model of the point spread function (PSF) of the eye optics, as human optical lens flare
can be very strong in high contrast HDR content.
–The front-end amplitude non-linearity is based on integration of the Weber-Fechner law.
–Takes into account the angular resolution.
–Uses a multi-scale decomposition.
–A neural noise block is defined to calculate per-pixel probabilities maps of visibility and the predicted
quality metric.
• CIEDE2000: Color difference metric
–Includes weighting factors for lightness, chroma, and hue (like the CIE1976 L*a*b* perceptual space).
–Also includes factors to handle the relationship between chroma and hue.
• VIF: Visual Information Fidelity
–Analyses the natural scene statistics.
–Uses an image degradation model and the HVS model.
–Based on the quantification of the Shannon information present in both the reference and the distorted
images.
16. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Overview
• ICIP 2016 Feature Event
– Evaluation of current and future Image compression technologies
• 7 Contents used in lossy evaluations (1 training + 6 tests)
– Resolutions 800x1152 or 800x1280
• 10 codecs tested in lossy evaluations (anchors and proponents)
• 8 bit rates for objective metrics
– 0.25, 0.5. 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 bpp
• 4 bit rates for subjective evaluations
– 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 bpp or 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 bpp
• Subjective assessment protocol based on ITU-T P.910 for lossy evaluations
– ACR-HR: Absolute Category Rating with Hidden Reference
– 21 naïve subjects in VUB, UBI and EPFL
– 3 sessions of 80 stimuli
– 5-level discrete scale
– Outliers detection based on boxplot algorithm
– Display: Apple MacBook Pro Retina 15 inch
– Typical office environment
• Objective evaluation in lossy case using 9 metrics
– Cross-checked between CTU, University Stuttgart and University Patras
16
http://www.jpeg.org
http://www.qualinet.eu
31. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Statistical significance test
• One-tailed Welch’s t-test with null hypothesis at 5% significance
level.
• and are Mean Opinion Scores for a specific content compressed at a
specific bitrate with codecs and
• When the null hypothesis is rejected, the alternative hypothesis indicates that,
according to MOS, the first codec is significantly better at the 5% level.
• These tests are performed considering all combinations of codecs: 10x10 matrix.
• For each pair of codecs, we sum up the results for every content at a given quality
level: scale 0-6.
• One matrix for each quality level: 4 figures.
31
H0 : m1 ≤ m2
m1 m2
c2c1
36. 23rd International Conference on Image Processing, September 25 –28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
Conclusions
36
• HEVC and Daala often outperform other codecs in both objective metrics and subjective
evaluations in lossy case
–Daala performs best in images containing faces
• JPEG, JPEG 2000 and JPEG XR perform well in higher bit rates based on PSNRRGB metric in
some tested images in lossy case
• JPEG 2000 (PSNR) exhibits good color rendition based on CIE DE2000 metric in several
tested images in lossy case
• JPEG (visual) perform well in higher bit rates in lossy case
• FLIF in average produces best lossless compression performance when compared to all
alternatives tested for the images tested