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FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
FINAL PROJECT
LECTURER: PUAN HASMANIRA MOKHTAR
Group Members:
Kyla Ellana Binti Nazrin Diego 0322409
Kimberley Fay Bernard Lo 0324237
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INTRODUCTION.
In this project, in a group of two students, we were given an
interesting task from our respective lectures, Ms Ann See Peng and
Puan Hasmanira Mokhtar, that we were to search for an empty land
to initiate a small construction project. The size of the land must
between 50m x 50m (2500㎡) to 50m x 70m (3500㎡) .
Individually, we were to propose ONE project that serves on any
ONE (1) or combination of TWO (2) or more of the following
purposes. Subsequently, we are required to identify the professions
required in our development and list down the tasks each
profession needs to do. The selection of construction project that
were given to us were Recreation Area, Commercial Area,
Industrial Area, Agricultural Area, Tourism Area and Tourism
Area.
This project gave us a successful learning outcomes and we are
able to explain the need to coordinate and develop and
understanding of rational working relations among various industry
players and to improve the communication channels. We were also
able to document our observations and understanding from
research resources as well communicating our findings in a
systematic and convincing presentation and reports. Last but least,
we are also able to justify the feasibility of a development and
improve the proposal to serve the purpose of the development.
OBJECTIVE.
The objective of the project are to enable students to develop an
understanding of the building team, its organization, duties and
inter-relations. Also, to develop an awareness of their professional
responsibilities and to appreciate their profession in the
construction industry.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE.
The site we have chosen is located in Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, surrounded by residential area. The land that we chose is
currently not in use and no development is seen in the site.
OUR SITE
EMPTY LAND
62.9 meter
45.3Meter
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There are plenty of good reasons why we have chosen this site. But the
main reason is because its location that could develop many different
types of small construction project. This benefits the surrounding
residents and gives a potential increase in land in the near future.
This gave us the opportunity to create an empty land to an amazing
advanced and developed land.
SITE ANALYSIS
The plot of land that we have is an empty flat terrain with the size of
approximately 3477.35㎡ and an altitude of 40 meters above ground.
The location of our site is located in the latitude of 3.123579 and the
longitude of 101.586114.It is next to the main road and a junction as
well as it is surrounded by residential areas.The residential playground
can also be seen opposite our site. The amount of traffic site has is not
very high as mostly resident drivers can be seen everyday throughout
the day.
The climate analysis from the site could be hot or warm location.
Normally, the weather temperature could be up to 34° celcius in the
afternoon and about 30° celcius in the morning.
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INTRODUCTION
In this final project, in a group of two students, the task that were
given to us was to find an empty land with the area range between
of 2500㎡to 3500㎡ to initiate a small construction project.
We have researched on the types of building development given,
namely, Recreation Area, Commercial Area, Industrial Area,
Agricultural Area, Tourism Area and Residential Area. It is
essential to include suggestion, rationale, benefits, site analysis,
evaluation and the requirement needed for the project in this plan
proposal.
Our group come out with the outcome to use the empty land in Ara
Damansara, Petaling Jaya. Hence, for my individual task, I decided
to propose and to build a Commercial Block in our chosen empty
land.
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OBJECTIVE
The objective of building this construction is to :-
Serve as a commercial block to the residence around the site.
Provide convenience to the residence around the site, as well as
saving the time, money, fuel and parking.
Having not to travel far away from your comfort home to do
some retail or grocery shopping.
Provide an area for the housewives and students to buy grocery
shopping, and chill by the cafe around the commercial block.
Provide good investment for the client.
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SKETCH OF MY PLAN PROPOSAL
This commercial block is named, ‘Chill Feels Commercial Block’ .
It is filled with convenient stores. For instance, grocery store,
pharmacy, and mini cafe for students to hang out. This enables the
residence to not have to travel so far from their comfort home to
buy groceries, urgent medicines and students to hang out or chill
with their friends by the cafe.
The commercial block is a modern designed building that consist
of two storeys. The ground floor is where the convenient stores and
cafe is located and the second floor is where the second floor of the
grocery store, office and second floor of the cafe is located.
Although the exterior of the building is modernized, the interior of
the grocery store is themed nature. There are two entrance for the
grocery store. The first entrance is the main entrance with glass
pushed and pull door. While the second entrance is the back door
for authorized personnel only. There are also staircase provided in
the grocery store which connect first and second floor of the
grocery store.
The first floor for the grocery store is where the foods and drinks
systematically kept in their shelves and places. While the second
floor of the grocery store is where the stationeries and hardware
equipment are kept.
However, the pharmacy is located in the ground floor in between
the cafe and the grocery store. The interior for the pharmacy
modern designed pharmacy. The products are well organized on
the shelves.
Hence, The cafe with two storeys is located on the other corner of
the commercial block and is designed to look and feel comfortable.
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As well as it is designed for a place to hang out or chill after a long
day. The first floor of the cafe consist of well organized tables and
wooden and few cushion chairs, the counter and both gender
toilets. The second floor of the cafe is where there are various
types of games such as, pools, dart games and foosball tables for
students or anyone above 13 years of age to hang out maybe after a
long day or stressful assignments. There are also staircase provided
inside the cafe which connect the first and second floor.
Though, the office is located in the second floor in between the
grocery store and cafe. The purpose of the office is for the people
who are managing the commercial block. There is a staircase
provided just beside the pharmacy which connect to the office
entran
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CONCEPT
This construction plan proposal is based on the 45.3m x 62.9m that
is located in Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya. The main goals for this
construction is to construct a place that benefits the residents
around the site.
Throughout the investigation and observation we did around the
site, I found that there is no convenient stores nearby the area.
Thus, I decided to propose and start a construction of a commercial
block on the empty land of our site which provides a grocery store,
a pharmacy and a cafe that gives convenient and comfort to the
residents around the site.
The residents can save their time, fuel and money away from their
comforts home to buy grocery stores, urgent medicines and chill by
the amazing cafe.
After considered every single problem, I had come out of the
design of my site which is a modernize looking building that are
sustainable and environmental-friendly construction materials.
The building of the commercial block is generally an eco-friendly
building that are built based on a green building concept. Though it
looks modernized, but the outer part of the building is a
combination of steel and glass that are counted as one of the
elements of recycled-content building materials.
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RATIONALE AND BENEFITS
There are alot of benefits to build this commercial block. One of
the benefits are, first, the location of the site is suitable and
strategic as it is surrounded by residents. The remainder area of
empty spaces in the the commercial block can be definitely used as
carpark to make the circulation and access for the residents and
public to the commercial block very convenient without
troublesome.
This construction plan is mainly targeting on the residents around
the site as it has no convenient stores nearby. In fact, the
commercial block also consist of a chilling cafe that gives stress-
free for the residents or public after a long day. Besides, this cafe
and also connects the relation between the neighborhood.
The convenient stores and cafe bring many benefits to the residents
around the site. Not only just that it is only nearby to the residents
around it, it also saves time, money, and fuel for them. They do not
have to travel so far from their comfort home just to buy groceries
or their personal needs.
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PROFESSION INVOLVE
List of professions involve in the making of this construction
project;-
1) Contractor
2) Landscape Architect
3) Civil and Structural Engineer
4) Mechanical and Electrical Engineer
5) Architect
6) Quantity Surveyor
7) Supplier
CONTRACTOR.
Contractors are responsible for the day-to-day oversight of the
construction in the site.They manage the vendors, trades and
communication of information to involved parties throughout the
course of building the project. They are responsible for providing
all materials, labors, equipment and services necessary for the
construction of the project. The contractor requires to have these
five top traits. The traits are alot of references, strong network of
reliable sub-contractors, reliability of the contractors in building
the project, competitive in pricing, and a very good personality.
The contractor is responsible for completing the project on time
within the budget.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT.
Before starting off a construction, a landscape architect need to do
their research on the land of the project, including overseeing the
design on variety of projects and maintaining the character of site’s
natural beauty. They will conduct the preliminary studies of the
site. For an example, the contours, soil and ecological and buidling
and roads of the site. Hence, he can establish general landscape
requirements with the clients. He also need to carry out the impact
assessment on the environments. The Landscape Architect also
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needs to seek and into account views of local residents, potential
users and parties with secured interest in the project. Then, the
Landscape Architect will precisely prepare and present detailed
plans and manage preliminary studies of the site. They will present
few proposals for the client to choose, dealing with inquiries and
negotiating any minor change to the final project. They also need
to contact with any manufactures and suppliers to supply materials
in building the landscape. They will frequently do site visit to
ensure that it is on the right track and can be done before the
deadline. It is also important for a Landscape Architect to
communicate and cooperate with other professionals on the
project.
CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.
Structural engineers are responsible with the designing
aesthetically pleasing buildings and structures that are safe and a
capable of withstanding the elements of the building. They main
task for the civil and structural engineer includes preparing reports,
designs and drawings, make calculations about the stresses and
provides technical advice. Structural Engineers must solve
technical problems and help the architect achieve their vision of
the project. Civil and Structural Engineers are definitely
responsible in calculating the loads and stresses the construction
will have to safely withstand. Before starting off to build the
buildings, they are to investigate and survey the land of the site to
determine the suitability of the earth for the requirement of the
upcoming project. They will required to co-ordinate an work with
other members of their projects, including engineers,
environmental scientist, architects and landscape architects. They
are also responsible for the delivery of materials and equipment for
the needs of the construction project.
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS.
The mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the
principles of analysis, physics, material science for the design,
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engineering,, manufacturing, mechanical systems and maintenance.
They work on a project from the opening of the brief, through the
design and development stage to the testing phase. They follows
the project through right up implementation, right down to
producing details of specification and outline design. It is
important and necessary for the Mechanical and Electrical
engineers to discuss with the Architect and produce an electrical
plan. During the construction, the engineers need to observe and
monitor the installation process. After the construction, they still
the responsibility on maintenance in certain time limit.
ARCHITECT.
The architect is hired by the client to produce detailed designs of a
concept or idea and in responsible to achieve their client wishes.
The Architect needs to follow with the building and safety
regulations, local planning regulations and restrictions. It is
important to have client meetings to establish requirements and
discuss detailed design proposals.
During the documentation phase, they are responsible to produce
design, detailed drawings using technology like CAD to test the
feasibility of the design. They are required to consider about their
client’s requirements, budget and regulations. Once the design is
complete, finalized and well advised by the engineers, they are
then can start with the project. Once the the project reaches the
construction stage, the architect needs to be involve in site visits
and meetings, overseeing the construction and signing off on
various pieces of work, negotiating with contractors and dealing
and solve any problems that arise.
QUANTITY SURVEYORS.
The quantity surveyors manage all costs relating to build the
building and civil engineers project, from the beginning to the final
figures of calculations.
Surveyors are responsible to seek and minimize the cost of a
project and enhance the value for money, while still achieving the
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required standards and quality. They also need to understand the
statutory building regulations.
They will have to work with either for the client or the contractors
working in an office or on site and prepare the estimation cost of
the work.
During the progress of the project, the quantity surveyors will have
to keep track on any variations to the contract that affect costs and
create reports to show profitability.
SUPPLIER.
A supplier supplies materials, goods and services to the company
or individuals for the construction project. They also need to
ensure the quality of the materials.
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Project Concept
1.Health & Fitness
The proposedsite focuses on a conceptof health and fitness. The health and
fitness conceptbrings people into a friendly and healthy environment.
Surrounded by state of the art facilities, customers get to experience fitness in a
more comfortable way which will enable them to improve their health more.
The purposeof this conceptis for most people to have a place to escape from
their stressful life as the best way to relieve stress is through exercising.
2.Nature
This proposedsite provides a nature inspired conceptwith its eco-friendly
facilities. The eco-friendly facility that we have implemented in our fitness
centre helps the environment as well as saving costfor electricity. Also our
green approachhelps the customers to feel more connected to Mother Nature.
This greener approachalso helps in stress related problems which will give
them a more positive feeling while they exercise.
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Suggestion and Proposal
In the area that I have chosen, I am proposing to build a fitness centre. With its
residential surrounding, I envision that it will be filled with people from all
ages, to enjoy exercising and keeping healthy. Hence, I will build a 3-storey
fitness centre equipped with state of the art gym, high class studios, game room
and many other activities that can be done in our fitness centre.
The fitness centre will be a public area which gives the residents to come and
enjoy the facility without having to worry to pay a lot. Roads will be build
connecting to our outdoorparking from the main private road of the residential
area giving easier access to our customers. The outdoorparking will be built
just in front of my fitness centre for customers to leave their vehicles there
while they enjoy our facility. A café will be built inside the building for guest to
enjoy and snack on the food provided after a good exercise or just to have a
quick bite.
In my fitness centre, large locker rooms can be found with shower rooms so
guest do not have to worry to wait a long time for their turn after their exercise.
A sauna room can also be found for guests who wish to sweat and intoxicate
their bodyas it keeps them healthier. The walkways in my fitness centre will be
made to a size where disabled guest can come to our building.
As for the green approach, most of the gym equipment’s will be using
equipment’s from Life Fitness, a company that produces eco-friendly
equipment’s that acquires a person’s energy for the machine to work. Also the
front of the fitness centre will be a made of glass windows to allow natural
lighting, this saves the energy as well as cost.
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Rationale
Located in Ara Damansara, Casarina Fitness Centre is best to build because of
its location. Being in a residential area, most customers will be from the
residences making customer population to increase. Furthermore, because of its
location traffic flow will not be terrible as residences customer can just come by
to the fitness centre by walking. In terms of environment, Casarina Fitness
Centre is an eco-friendly fitness centre where tall glass windows, solar power
and gym equipment’s that are environmentally friendly are used. This gives a
helping hand to environment for its benefit. Also, building a fitness centre in
this residence gives benefit to the residents to save fuel and not drive to a fitness
centre that is further.
Project Benefits
From this project, it will bring along many benefits to the residents around as
well as the environment. In order to ensure that the project will be functional in
the future, an analysis has been taken into account. The analysis can be seen in
the table below.
Category Benefit
People
- Have a properhealth and fitness place
- Have a place to relax after exercising
- Have a place to be more healthy and fit
Environment
- Eco-friendly equipment’s used to ensure
minimum harm to the environment
- Less electricity used due to full length windows
for natural lighting
- Properwaste disposalcarried on to ensure a
good condition in the environment.
Traffic
- Medium sized parking lot will be built in the
front of the fitness centre for easier excess.
- Buffer zones implemented to ensure traffic flow
is smooth.
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Project Impact
From this project, it will bring along a few positive and negative impacts to the
residents around as well as the environment. In order to ensure that the project
will be functional in the future, an analysis has been taken into account. The
analysis can be seen in the table below.
Category Impact
People
- Guest can come enjoy the game room
facilities
- Money will be spent too much in the
café.
- Residence can improve their health and
fitness
Environment
- Certain inconsiderate individual will not
disposeproperly leaving unpleasant
trash in the surroundings.
- Sootand smoke will develop due to
packed traffic condition
- Environment will be cleaner because of
properwaste disposalprovided.
Traffic - Congestion of cars will occur during
peak hours
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“Casarina Fitness Centre”
Casarina Fitness Centre is the name I have decided to choose for my
fitness centre. Above is the bubble diagram showing my 3-storey
fitness centre.
Casarina Fitness
Centre
First Floor
Reception
Toilet
Walkway
and Lift
Product
Selling
Area
Gym
Locker
Room
Second Floor
Walkway
and Lift
Studios
ToiletSauna
Room
First Aid
Room
Third Floor
Walkway
and LiftCasarina
Café
Kids
Room
Mini
Bowling
Alley
Game
Room
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Plan View of First Floor
Plan View of Second Floor
Plan View of Third Floor
Reception
ProductSelling Area
Gym
Toilet
Locker Room
Walkway and Lift
Studios
Sauna Room
Toilet
First Aid Room
Walkway and Lift
Casarina Café
Game Room
Kids Room
Mini Bowling Alley
Walkway and Lifts
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Facilities
Reception and Product Selling Area
A modern and professionalreception is
built for a good first impression towards
all our customers. Shelves will be set up
for the products that will be selling by in
Casarina Fitness Centre. Sofas and
coffee tables will be set up for customers
to wait in the waiting area.
Gym
The gym is built as one of the main
features in Casarina Fitness Centre. Tall
glass windows give the gym the natural
lighting that it needs for the benefit of
the environment. Equipped with state of
the art equipment’s that are mostly eco-
friendly. The gym is built with air
conditioning and a water vending
machine for comfort. High quality rubber flooring can be found in our gym.
Gym trainers are available for guiding amateurs in our gym.
Locker Rooms
There are 2 locker rooms separated for
male and female respectively.
Showering units can be found in each
locker rooms. Lockers are provided for
guest to keep their belongings secure.
Dedicated wet and dry facilities are
available.
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Exercise Studios
Various exercise studios will be built
for a better convenience. The multi-
purposeexercise studios are ideal for
many different aerobic, dance or fitness
classes. Excellent for catering Fitness
Classes, Yoga, Dance, Zumba, Martial
Arts, Boxing and many different
activities. Full length mirrors and high
quality wood flooring are used.
Sauna Room
Interior of the sauna as well as the
benches are all built from Echo Wood,
an eco-friendly company that supplies
eco-friendly materials. Sauna is
spacious giving more comfort for guest
to cooldown. Combustion coal is
placed for the heating of the sauna
room.
First Aid Room
First aid rooms are built for emergency
medical services in case any accidents
happen in our fitness centre. Our first
aid rooms are equipped with medical
supplies that are excellent to treat our
guest.
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Casarina Café
In our fitness centre, our Casarina Café
serves organic and healthy food for all
guest. Energy drinks are served as well
as fruit juices. Tables and chairs are
provided for guest who intend to sit and
relax after their exercise. Fruits and
protein bars are sold for anyone who
wants to have a quick bite.
Kids Room
Guest’s children can be left here while
they go exercise as child care assistants
are there to take care of them. The
room is covered with floor mats for a
safer environment. The area is secured
as safety gates are installed in the
entrance.
Game Room
After exercising, guest can come a chill
at our game room where many
activities can be set up. A ping pong
table can be set up and a snooker table
is available here. Couches are also
arranged for guest who wish to sit and
relax.
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Mini Bowling Alley
Our fitness centre offers a mini
bowling alley for guest to have fun
after exercising. 3 lanes are only
available in our mini bowling area.
Floors are covers in the eco-friendly
wood.
Toilet
Toilets are installed in the 1st and 2nd
floor for hygiene and comfort of the
staffs and customers. Disabled toilets
are also available for the comfort of
our customers who are disabled.
Walkways and Lifts
Walkways and corridors are built
wider for easy access for customers
who are in wheelchairs and the ones
bringing kids in their strollers. Lifts
are also available for easier access to
all floors in our fitness centre.
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Materials Used In Constructing
Materials used are all non-corrosive for all high moisture areas which includes
the vents, ducts, drains, ceilings and wall covers. Moisture resistant materials
and floorings are used for easy cleaning in all areas of the fitness centre.
Flooring
Vinyl Flooring – Reception, Walkways, Café, First Aid Room and
Game Room.
Vinyl is one of the most versatile materials
used in flooring. It is highly resistant to
mould and moisture. It is one of the most
affordable flooring materials and easy to
maintain. It is also highly resistant to scratch
and durability.
Ceramic Tiles – Toilets and Shower Units.
Ceramic tiles are environmentally friendly
and are manufactured using natural materials
that does not retain odours. Ceramic tiles has
a dense bodythat permits little or no
moisture accumulation making it a good
choice for flooring in moist areas.
Cedar Sauna Wood – Sauna
Cedar sauna woods are strong, lightweight
and generally do not warp or shrink over
time. They provide a more comfortable and
cooler sauna surface to sit and lean on and
also naturally repels many bacteria, fungi
and insects.
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Rubber Flooring – Gym.
Rubber flooring is strong, tough, and
resilient against a variety of conditions and
should be able to last twenty years, if not
longer. They are very easy to take care of
and is stain resistant. Rubber flooring is
actually quite softimportant for helping to
relieve stress fatigue. It is also water and fire
resistant.
Floating Hardwood Floors – Studios and Mini Bowling Alley
Easy to be installed, scratch free and more
durable.
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Lighting
Indirect Lighting – All except Gym and Sauna
Indirect lighting is used in most parts of the
fitness centre to give customers a calm and
nice environment.
Overhead LED Lighting – Gym
The direct lighting from the overhead LED
lights give customers a better view when
they are exercising at night and it is very
bright.
Vapour Proof Lighting – Sauna
The light bulbs used in this lighting
prevents vapour from spoiling the light
bulb which is best used in saunas.
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Project Management Task
Professions Involved In This Project:
1. Architect
2. Quantity Surveyor
3. Contractor
4. Civil Engineer
5. Mechanical and Electrical Engineer
6. Landscape Architect
Architect
In the design role, an architect is hired by a client to producedetailed designs of
a conceptor idea that the client wants to bring to reality. As well as needing
creative design ideas, this part of the role involves a great deal of technical
knowledge and responsibility. There is a need to comply with building and
safety regulations, local planning regulations and restrictions. Depending on the
project there may be laws surrounding the preservation of the local environment
or any historic parts of a building. Regular client meetings are important to
establish requirements and discuss detailed design proposals. Also important is
heading up the team of professionals who will work on this stage of the project
including engineers, designers and financiers.
During the documentation phase, the responsibilities are to capture the design
on paper, producing detailed drawings and using technology such as CAD to
test the feasibility of the design. This stage can involve continual revision and
redrawing to incorporate changes based on the client's requirements, budget and
regulations. Once the design documents are complete, there are then a second
set of documents that need to be produced
These are the construction documents, which translate the design into
instructions and technical specifications for contractors and construction
experts. Once the project reaches the construction stage, the architect will be
involved in site visits and meetings, overseeing the construction and signing off
on various pieces of work, negotiating with contractors and dealing with and
resolving any problems that arise.
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Quantity Surveyor
The quantity surveyor is the person responsible for figuring out just what a
construction project is going to cost. Quantity surveyors’ main roles are
managing the finances for any kind of construction project, whether it’s a house,
a high-rise, a bridge, or a tunnel. Working to keep the project on time. Working
to keep the project within the budget. Making sure that construction costs and
production are managed as efficiently as possible. Resolving disputes between
contracting parties. Preparing insurance replacement estimates for all kinds of
buildings, including houses.
Before the project, the quantity surveyors calculate a budget based on their
client's requirements. They prepare detailed estimates to ensure the budget is
sufficient for each stage of construction. Their main task is to find out what a
construction project will cost, including materials, labour, and services.
When construction starts, the quantity surveyor keeps costs ontrack. Once the
building starts, the quantity surveyor can provide cash flow data so the client
can arrange the finances needed for each stage of the project. The quantity
surveyor can also assess costeffects when changes to the project occur, such as
delays, and agree on ‘variation’ with contractors. The quantity surveyor can
provide a bank with a project report and help a client by preparing draw down
certificates for money to be loaned by the bank. Resolving disputes between
clients, designers and building contractors is another role in some projects.
When construction is over, the quantity surveyor adds up the total cost.
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Contractor
A building contractoris an individual who engages in the planning, developing
and coordinating of activities which coincide with the building of structures.
The building contractoris the individual who oversees the construction and
ensures that all necessary measures are taken to result in the completed finished
product.
The general responsibilities of a building contractor entail the individual
planning and carrying through any and all pertinent activities relating to the
construction of a dwelling, building or other structure. The building contractor
carries out his/her duties by supervising employees, planning how the project
will be carried out and completing the project in a manner which coincides with
all laws, rules and regulations which may be in existence and correlate with
construction.
Civil Engineer
It is important to first provide a formal definition highlighting the role of a civil
engineer. A civil engineer is responsible for using their civil engineering
background to plan and oversee various construction efforts in many different
areas of this field. They will apply civil engineering principles to ensure that
structures are constructed in the safest, sturdiest manner.
A civil engineer engages in many general responsibilities on a daily basis.
These responsibilities are a crucial part of their job and enable the civil engineer
to engage in their professionto the best of their ability. One general
responsibility of the civil engineer is to analyse various factors concerning a
construction job. The civil engineer will analyse the proposed site location as
well as the entire construction job which is to be completed at such a site. They
will analyse the process forcompleting the construction job every step of the
way.
The civil engineer must also plan the construction project that will be taking
place in conjunction with the results they found due to their analysis of the
proposedproject. During the process and at the end, the civil engineer must
inspect the productto ensure that all rules, regulations and guidelines have been
explicitly followed.
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Mechanical and Electrical Engineer
The primary responsibility of the Mechanical Engineer is Construction is jobs
related to surveying of construction sites and design of structures. The
Mechanical Engineer manages the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of various mechanical systems in buildings and structures; ensures
compliance with relevant building codes and safety regulations. Mechanical
Engineer. Designs, develops, and tests all aspects of mechanical components,
equipment, and machinery. Applies knowledge of engineering principles to
design products suchas engines, instruments, controls, robots, machines, etc.
May be involved in fabrication, operation, application, installation, and/or repair
of mechanical products. Requires a bachelor's degree in engineering and 4-6
years of experience in the field or in a related area. Familiar with a variety of the
field's concepts, practices, and procedures. Relies on experience and judgment
to plan and accomplish goals. Performs a variety of complicated tasks. May
report to an executive or a manager.
In the construction field the roll of electrical engineer is to see the basic design
engineering of the project. Detail engineering with safety factor in the design.
Basic & detail engineering for provision of earthing pits of electrical
installation. Design for illumination of different area and lux calculation. Cable
size calculation cable scheduling &its route selection, over head or underground
properprotection system for all electrical installation. Design for fire alarm
&detection system &so many more.
47. 47
Landscape Architect
Landscape Architects include landscape aesthetics with functionality in
designing a variety of spaces that include parks and gardens, campuses,
residential neighbourhoods, shopping centres, historical sites, golf courses and
waterfront developments. They incorporate knowledge of ecology, graphic
design, plant materials, and construction and computer technology into their
work. Landscapearchitects often work with surveyors, architects, urban
planners, civil engineers, environmental scientists and hydrologists.
Landscape architects must consider budget, client needs, functionality,
government regulations and environmental impact when designing a site. They
research both natural and man-made features that exist on proposed sites to
determine how to improve them and work them into the plans. During the
planning stage, landscape engineers may make several revisions to the design of
the project.
When the site plan is completed, landscape architects compile reports, cost
estimates, photos, illustrations, land use studies and models to create a proposal
to submit to the client. Upon approval of a project, landscape architects list the
needed materials and supplies, as well as construction details. They also ensure
that their plans are followed during site construction.
