Research workshop

1. RESEARCH WRITING
WORKSHOP PROPER

2. Proposal stage
•main parts
• Title/ research question
• Objectives/ specific statement of the problem
• Methodology

3. • Statistical Research
• 1. Formulate the purpose of the study
• 2. Identify the variables for the study
• 3. Define the population
• 4. Decide what sampling method you will use to collect the data
• 5. collect the data
• 6. summarize the data and perform any statistical calculations needed
• 7. interpret the results.

4. Research Agenda
• A. Criminal Sociology
• Objective: Understand the social dynamics and structures that
influence criminal behavior in the Philippines.
Research Topics:
- Socio-economic determinants of crime in urban and rural areas
- The impact of family dynamics and peer influence on juvenile
delinquency
- Cultural attitudes towards crime and punishment.
- The role of of media in shaping public perception of crime
- Community-based crime prevention program and their effectiveness.

5. Research Agenda
• Law Enforcement and Administration
• Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of law
enforcement agencies in the Philippines
Research Topics:
Assessment of police Training programs and their outcomes
Public trust and cooperation with law enforcement
The impact of police community relations on crime rates
Corruption within law enforcement agencies and measures to combat
it.
The role of technology in modern policing

6. Research Agenda
• Correctional Administration
• Objective: Improve the management and rehabilitation processes
within correctional facilities
Research Topics:
-Conditions of Philippine Prisons and their impact on inmate bahvior
- Rehabilitation and reintegration programs for offenders
-Overcrowding in prisons and its solutions
Mental health services for inmates
-The role of non-governmental organizations in priison reform

7. Research Agenda
• Crime Detection and Investigation
• Objective: Enhance the methods and effectiveness of crime detection
and investigation
Research Topics:
Current techniques and technologies used in crime detection
Challenges faced by investigators in solving crimes
Training needs for investigators
The role of forensic evidence in criminal investigations
Comparative analysis of investigative techniques in different regions

8. Research Agenda
• Forensic Science
• Objective: Develop and improve Forensic Science applications in the
Philippine Justice System
Research Topics:
Advancement in Forensic Technology and their applicability
The reliability and admissability of forensic evidence in court
Forensic pathology and its role in solving crimes
Training and education needfs for forensic professionals
The integration of forensic science in law enforcement processes
Laboratory experiments and technological assessments
Case analysis where forensic evidence played a crucial role
Interviews with forensic scientist and law enforcement personnel

9. Research Agenda
• Criminology enhancement course
• Objective: strengthen the academic foundation and practical skills of
criminology students
Research Topics:
Curriculum development and enhancxement for criminology programs
Practical training and internships for criminology students
The role of interdisciplinary studies in criminology education
Feedback from graduates on the applicability of their education in the
field
The impact of continuous professional development on criminology
practitioners

10. Research Agenda
• Criminological Education
• Objective: Assess and improve criminology education in the
Philippines
Research Topics:
Teaching methodologies and their effectiveness in criminology
education
Student engagement and learning outcomes
Collaboration between academic institutions and law enforcement
agencies
The role of research in criminology education
Accreditation and quality assurance in criminology programs

11. Research Agenda
Criminal Law and Jurisprudence
Objective: Analyze and suggest improvements to the criminal justice
legal framework
Research Topics:
The effectiveness of existing criminal laws in addressing modern
crimes.
Legal challenges in the prosecution of cybercrimes
The impact of judicial decisions on law enforcement practices
Comparative analysis of Philippines criminal laws with international
standards
The role of alternative dispute resolution in the criminal justice system

12. selecting a topic
• 1. Brainstorm for ideas
• interest/curiosity
• strong opinion on a current social or political controversy
• news story that made you angry or anxious
• personal issue, problem or interest that you would like to know more
• aspect of a class to learn more about
Write down any key words or concepts that may be of interest
to you

13. selecting a topic
• 2. Read General background Information
• broad summary in an Encyclopedia
• take note of related keywords
• observe links to magazines, periodicals, newspaper or websites
• try Google and other search engines
• ask the Librarian

14. selecting a topic
• 3. Focus on your topic
• keep it manageable, not too broad or narrow
ways to narrow a broad topic
by geographical area
“What environmental issues are most important in the Philippines?
by Culture
“How does the environment fit into the Navajo world view?
by time frame
“What are the most prominent environmental issues of the last 10 years?”

15. selecting a topic
• by discipline
• “How does environmental awareness effect business practices today?”
• by population group
• “What are the effects of air pollution on senior citizens”

16. selecting a topic
• broad or narrow topics
• locally confined
• “What sources of pollution affect the Genesee county water supply?
• Recent - books, journal web sites may not be available
• broadly inter-disciplinary - may involved superficial information
• “How can the environment contribute to the culture, politics and society of
the western states”
• Popular - only very popular articles about some topics such as sports figures
and high-profile celebrities or musicians.

18. conceptualization

21. Selecting a Topic
• Make a list of useful keywords
• Look for words that best describe your topic
encyclopedia, articles, background, general information
• Find broader and narrower terms, synonyms, key concept for key words to
widen your search capabilities.
• Make note of these words and use them later when searching databases and
catalogs.

22. Selecting a Topic
• Be Flexible
It is common to modify your topic during the research process. You can never
be sure of what you may find. You may find too much and need to narrow your
focus, or too little and need to broaden your focus. This is normal part of the
research process.
Keep in mind the assigned length of the research paper, project, depth of
coverage, , due date

23. Research Question
• Define your topic as a focused reseach question
Topic : Pedro Penduco or modern architecture
Question: How has Pedro Penduco influenced modern architecture?
Focused Question: What design principles used by Pedro Penduco are common
in the contemporaryhomes?
• Research and Read More about your topic
Use the key words you have gathered to research

24. Formulate a Thesis Statement
• This may be the answer to your research question or a way to clearly
state the purpose of your research
Pedro Penduco’s design principles, including his use of ornamental
detail and his sense of space and texture opened a new era of
Philippines architecture. His work has influenced contemporary
residential design.

25. Exercise
• Identify three narrower aspects of the following topics.
People
Pollution
Politics

26. Exercise
• Identify a broader topic that would cover the following narrow topics.
Philippine tribes and culture
Urban planning and development
Infrastructure and loss of Agriculture

27. Exercise
• Imagine that you have been assigned the following topics. Think of 5
keywords you might use to look for information on each.
How does air quality affect out health?
What are the barriers to peace in the Middle East?
Should snowmobiling be allowed in Wilderness areas?
How can welfare reform help poor children.

28. “Factors Associated with the Compliance and Non-Compliance of College
of Criminal Justice Education to CHED Minimum Standards”
The above title is a very important question for NEMSU
administration.
(a) As a researcher, your initial attempt (Phase 1) would be to identify
“probable” factors by asking a random NEMSU faculty and officials
to identify these factors. Assume that you identified these factors
through the pilot study as: Faculty factors, non-availability of
required equipments, admission and retention policy and lack of
proper information. What would be your general problem?
(b) Specify your specific problems.
(c) State your hypothesis.
(d) Write two or three paragraphs about the importance of this study.
Draw your theoretical framework and identify the parameters of your study

29. Example
• What has been the unemployment rate in the Philippines over the last
decade?
• To compare the unemployment rate among all European countries
• To analyze the unemployment rate evolution from 2002 to 2012
• To identify the factors associated with high unemployment rates
• To develop an explanatory theory that associates unemployment rate
with other indicators such as Growth Domestic Product (GDP).

30. Schematic diagram

31. Schematic diagram

32. schema

33. Schema

34. Schematic

35. Schematic

36. Schematic diagram

37. Schema

38. Development of Research Objectives
• Objectives must always be set after having formulated a good research
question.
To identify
To establish
To describe
To determine
To estimate
To compare
To analyze
To collect
To conduct

39. Designing Research Methodology
• Research design is a plan to answer your research question.
• A research method is a strategy used to implement that plan.
-Locate general information on research design and methodologies
-Gain background knowledge on the appropariate methodology fit
for your data
-choose a methodology and test/measurement
-Consult with your thesis Chair or adviser
-https://guides.lib.vt.edu/researchmethods/designmethod

40. Completion stage
• pilot test for reliability and validity
• gather data as planned
• consolidate and tabulate
write the results and findings
tables, charts, graphs, and other figures
A contextual analysis explaining its meaning in sentence form
data that corresponds to the research questions
Insights and implications and with related citations

41. Describing variables
• Tables and diagrams: distributions, charts
Table 2.1 Occupational status of participants expressed as
frequencies and percentage
Occupation Frequency Percentage
Frequency
Nuns 17 21.3
Nursery teachers 3 3.8
Television presenters 23 28.8
Students 20 25.0
Other 17 21.3
Biostatistics

42. Diagrams and Tables
Gender
Male Female
Percent Percent
Hospitalization Hospitalized 22.5 28.1
Not
Hospitalized
33.7 15.7
Table 6.3 Cross Tabulation table with
frequencies as a percentage of the total

44. uses and misuses of Statistics
• suspect samples
• small sample
• unrepresentative sample
• ambiguous averages
• wrong type of average
• changing the subject
• using same data for different
variable
• Detached Statistics
• no basis of comparison
• Implied Connections
• attempt to imply relation between
variables which may not actually
exist
• Misleading graphs
• wrong type of graph is used
• faulty survey questions
• invalid questions
• misleading/leading