The theme economic and family planning involves the relationship between young consumers and
their personal financial management. This article aims to highlight how consumers of twenty to thirty years old
organize their finances, with a view to personal needs, the influence of marketing and economics. The method
used is exploratory research with analysis of qualitative data composed by two major steps involving literature
review, in which authors are listed the base to support the development of this article. In addition, the research
field with the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions in order to verify the behavioral
aspects of consumer, in a sample of thirty respondents in the city of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. At the end of
this summary, the survey results show that although one hundred percent of the population surveyed consider
important to plan your personal budget, howeveronly sixty percent save regularly.
The crisis effect on performance based budgetingpkarka
The recent global economic crisis has posed significant questions not only to the management of the financial institutions but also to the budgeting and, furthermore, to the Governance structures.
The paper reviews the different periods of budgeting theory, starting from the one- size- fits- all “Performance Based Budgeting”, going on to the managerial era, when budgeting had been transformed to the basic tool of a social engineering, and from there to the New Public Management which was considered as an instrument of “cutting back” policies and, finally, to the Governance concepts of the new millennium.
The paper sees the current crisis as an opportunity for the emergence of a sounder budgeting theory, since all basic notions, such as steering, trust , regulatory capture, etc. have indicated the theoretical and practical vacuum of the current Governance/Budgeting theorems.
The main point of the theoretical proposal of the paper is a re-balancing between the global, regional and local identities which participate in the governing and budgeting process. To that direction a lot of systemic failures can be avoided. The paper concludes with some theoretical work assumptions after having examined a typical budgeting failure concentrating on the Greek case.
This is a presentation of the book "Strategy formation and policy making in government". This book describes the options offered by strategic management in guiding public organisations. The book is based on the idea that planning is only one option in orienting the functioning of public organisations and applies resource-based and network studies. This book examines developments within central governments and public agencies. The book also addresses the strategic distinction between politics and administration, and illustrates the connection between goal setting and actual performance of government organisations.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
The crisis effect on performance based budgetingpkarka
The recent global economic crisis has posed significant questions not only to the management of the financial institutions but also to the budgeting and, furthermore, to the Governance structures.
The paper reviews the different periods of budgeting theory, starting from the one- size- fits- all “Performance Based Budgeting”, going on to the managerial era, when budgeting had been transformed to the basic tool of a social engineering, and from there to the New Public Management which was considered as an instrument of “cutting back” policies and, finally, to the Governance concepts of the new millennium.
The paper sees the current crisis as an opportunity for the emergence of a sounder budgeting theory, since all basic notions, such as steering, trust , regulatory capture, etc. have indicated the theoretical and practical vacuum of the current Governance/Budgeting theorems.
The main point of the theoretical proposal of the paper is a re-balancing between the global, regional and local identities which participate in the governing and budgeting process. To that direction a lot of systemic failures can be avoided. The paper concludes with some theoretical work assumptions after having examined a typical budgeting failure concentrating on the Greek case.
This is a presentation of the book "Strategy formation and policy making in government". This book describes the options offered by strategic management in guiding public organisations. The book is based on the idea that planning is only one option in orienting the functioning of public organisations and applies resource-based and network studies. This book examines developments within central governments and public agencies. The book also addresses the strategic distinction between politics and administration, and illustrates the connection between goal setting and actual performance of government organisations.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Implementation of Patient Safety Program as a Prevention and Controlling Heal...irjes
Hospital is a unique working area bringing health risk for the worker either of patient or visitor.
Society who received health service, health worker and visitor in hospital faced to the risk of occurrence
infection or nosokomial infection now called as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). The occurrence of
nosokomial infection in hospital is still on high level. The level of nosokomial infection in hospital for entire the
world showing improvement, it’s about 9% (variation 3 – 21 %) or more than 1.4 million inpatient spaces
(Depkes. 2009). The aimed of this study was to know the implementation of nosokomial infection prevention
program in supporting patient safety in Radjiman Wediodiningrat mental hospital.
Primer and secondary data was obtained from sanitation department and K3 of hospital, collected using
questionnaire interview sheet, polls, and observation using observation sheets. Data obtained using purposive
sampling technique. Data was analyzed by descriptive methode and presented into frequency distribution table.
The result of this research showed that Implementation of Patient safety in Outpatient and Inpatient mental
hospital of Wediodingrat Radjiman still less than optimal, infection Prevention and Control (PPI) at the
Outpatient and Inpatient room not been implemented. So It takes effort to improve the implementation of Patient
Safety in Outpatient and Inpatient especially in Anyelir, Napza, Camar, General clinic, Kemuning and VIP
room, required socialization, education and training on PPI programs in the room
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A Modified PSO Based Solution Approach for Economic Ordered Quantity Problem ...irjes
This paper presents formulation of Economic Ordered Quantity (EOQ) problem considering Order
Size Limits, Stock Limits and Prohibited Ordering Segments, after that a modified PSO algorithm that utilizes
the PSO with double chaotic maps is presented to solve this problem. In proposed approach, the logistic map
and lozi map are applied alternatively to the velocity updating function of the particles. Using PSO with
irregular velocity updates which is performed by these maps forces the particles to search greater space for best
global solution. However the random function itself derived from a well-defined mathematical expression which
limits its redundancy hence in the paper we are utilizing the two different chaotic maps which are used
alternatively this mathematically increased the randomness of the function. The simulation of the algorithm for
the formulated EOQ problem verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm over standard
algorithms for such a complex problem which are difficult to solve by analytical approaches.
THE SURVEILLANCE OF MONITORING OF THE IODIZED SALT IN THE SOUTHEAST AREA OF A...irjes
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are one of the worldwide public health problems of today. IDD remains a public health problem in Albania. We have done this survey in the Southeast area of Albania, to determine the level of iodine in salt samples at the household level.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Maximal Ordered Leftideals in Ordered Ternarysemigroupsirjes
Lehmer [4] gave the definition of a ternarysemigroup in 1932. We see that all semigroups can be
converted in to a ternarysemigroup. In this paper, we give some axillary results which are also essential for our
deliberations and characterize the relationship b/w the maximal ordered leftideals and the left simple and left
(0)–simple ordered ternarysemigroups, Correspondent to the characterizations of maximal leftideals in ordered
semigroups studied by Cao and Xu [2]
This paper developed an analytical background to scientific development conducted on the use of
Lean Manufacturing in the industries. Regarding the methodological approach to this research is exploratory and
did a literature review with a sample survey using technological resources search as a tool to perform the search
in this case, the component data bases Journals Portal Coordination and Training of Personnel Higher Level. For
this study bibliometric analysis and the selection of journals were made and the results show that the topic is
Lean Manufacturing on the rise internationally and that is a methodology mentioned in leading journals. The
scientific literature on the topic is not predominantly done by a single magazine or a single industry segment.
The contribution is in identifying the gaps of the segments of the industries with the greatest opportunities for
the application of Lean Thinking so that future studies can deepen effectively is opportunity.
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
Implementation of 1D Brinson model in 3D SMA specimens Influenced by stress c...irjes
The application of small-size SMA components has grown rapidly in various industries over the last
few years. Due to their complex nature, local constitutive models for those components have proven somehow
impractical; whereas global models have been unable to take the stress concentration into consideration and
hence cannot predict the nucleation and stress patterns accurately, especially in small samples. Moreover, FE
analyses are impossible to conduct in cases where a large number of evaluations are required to design a suitable
SMA sample. This paper proposes a new iterative method to accurately calculate the stress and martensitic
volume fraction in samples with stress concentration using 1D Brinson model. The method is implemented in
the form of a computer code which is then refined iteratively using FEM model which is validated based on
experimental data. Final assessments show that the proposed method could predict the stress values accurately
at negligible computational costs.
In this paper we give some characterizations of the primary ideals in ternary semigroups. In this
paper mainly we have to show that T be a ternary semigroup satisfying
0
n
n
M
in which every ideal is a
product of primaries. If T has exactly three primes different from M, then T is noetherian of dimension three.
A Perspective of Transportation Development for Bintuni Regency in West Papua...irjes
Bintuni Regency in West Papua Province, can be accessed by sea and air transportation from
Manokwari, Sorong and it’s a road tansport from Manokwari. The study aims to analyze regional resources of
Bintuni Regency which is supported by transportation, availability of infrastructure and transportation services,
to support development. The method used was interview with questionnaires and secondary data collection from
relevant institute. Regional potency and availability of infrastructure and transportation services were analyze by
descriptive and the transportation performance obtained using Importance Perfomance Analysis and Customer
Satisfaction Index method, population trip pattern used origin destinantion matrix (O-D matrix), while
perspective transportation development derived from SWOT analysis. The availability of infrastructure and
transportation services to support regional development is still relatively limited, are transportation services at
very poor level, and internal population trip pattern centered on Bintuni Regency. Perspective transportation
development focused on road transportation networks development, ferry and water, sea transportation in
Bintuni and babo Regency, and air transportation in Bintuni, Babo and Merdey Regency.
Quantum-inspired artificial fish swarm algorithm based on the Bloch sphere se...irjes
To enhance the performance of the intelligent optimization algorithm, a new model of performing search on the Bloch sphere is proposed. Then, by integrating the model into the artificial fish swarm optimization, we present a quantum-inspired artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm. In proposed method, the fishes are encoded with the qubits described on the Bloch sphere. The vector product theory is adopted to establish the axis of rotation, and the Pauli matrices are used to construct the rotation matrices. The four fish behaviors, such as moving, tracking, capturing, aggregating, are achieved by rotating the current qubit about the rotation axis to the target qubit on the Bloch sphere. The Bloch coordinates of qubit can be obtained by measuring with the Pauli matrices, and the optimization solutions can be presented through the solution space transformation. The highlight advantages of this method are the ability to simultaneously adjust two parameters of a qubit and automatically achieve the best match between two adjustment quantities, which may accelerate the optimization process. The experimental results show that the proposed method obviously outperforms the classical one in convergence speed and achieves better levels for some benchmark functions.
Blind Key Steganography Based on Multilevel Wavelet and CSF irjes
- Steganography is the art and science of invisible communication as it hides the information message
inside cover image In This paper the cover image is decomposed using multilevel wavelet transform and theses
wavelet coefficients are statistically weighted according to their perceptual importance (CSF weights) to identify
the regions of interest for the embedding. The hiding image is encrypted using secret key based on wavelet
coefficients on the last approximation level. Then the encrypted watermark is embedded using CSF weights in
the wavelet domain into the cover image. Experimental results denote the feasibility of the proposed method as
the stego images has high PSNR and subjective quality which declare that the algorithm gains a good
performance in transparency and robustness against noise attacks.
Chemical Speciation and Volatilization Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contained I...irjes
This work aimed to study the leaching characteristics of ceramic blocks produced with the
incorporation of textile residues (15% w/w). For this, the procedures of sequential extraction and statistic
analysis to validate the occurrence of metals volatilization during the burning process of the ceramic blocks
were used. With a 95% confidence interval, the statistic analysis of the metals concentrations in the ceramic
blocks, before and after the burning process, showed no metal volatilization. During the sequential
extraction, Mn, Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Al distributions were observed mainly in their residual fractions of the
textile residue solubilized/stabilized in the ceramic matrix. The sum of all involved fractions in the sequential
extraction process is reasonably similar to the total content obtained after the digestion of the original
samples with hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia. In both samples, ceramic blocks before and after the burning
process, the percentages recoveries of 80 to 98% were achieved. This way, the solidification/stabilization
process (S/S) showed to be efficient for the immobilization of heavy metals contained in textile residue
(sludge) in ceramic blocks.
Zero Emission Vehicles-By Carbon Recycling Using Nanotechnologyirjes
Over the past few years, a small word with big potential has been rapidly insinuating itself
into the world’s consciousness. That word is “NANO”(one-billionth of a meter).It has conjured up
speculation about a seismic shift in almost every aspect of science and engineering with implications of
ethics economics, international relations, day-to-day life and even humanity’s conception of place in its
place in the universe. Nanotechnology is the science and technology of building devices, such as
electronic circuits, from single atoms and molecules. Petrol, which is available inadequately, is considered to
be one of the most time sources of energy. Our paper focuses on the prospect for zero emission
hydrocarbon fuelled vehicles with sustainable carbon cycle using nanotechnology in which exhausted
petrol is recycled again and again. This process involves two phases,
Novel Class Detection Using RBF SVM Kernel from Feature Evolving Data Streamsirjes
In the data mining field the classification of data stream creates many problems. The challenges
faces in the data stream are infinite length, concept drift, concept evaluation and feature evolution. Most of the
existing system focuses on the only first two challenges. We propose a framework in which each classifier is
prepared with the novel class detector for addressing the two challenges concept drift and concept evaluation
and for addressing the feature evolution feature set homogeneous technique is proposed. We improved the
novel class detection module by building it more adaptive to evolving the stream. SVM based feature extraction
for RBF kernel method is also proposed for detecting the novel class from the steaming data. By using the
concept of permutation and combination RBF kernel extracts the features and find out the relation between
them. This improves the novel class detect technique and provide more accuracy for classifying the data
Extradosed Bridges – Assessment of seismic damage using Ground Acceleration a...irjes
Forced vibration of structure for given Earthquake time history is governed by peak acceleration. For
cable stayed structures such as Extradosed cable stayed bridge it is difficult to predict dynamic response using
usual methods of dynamic analysis as applied to some other bridge structures like response spectrum analysis,
accurate analysis like time history analysis is time consuming and has time and cost effects. Nonlinearities can
only be considered in time history analysis. The proposed method correlates the peak ground acceleration
(PGA) and earthquake deformation ratio (EDR) which can be used for simplified dynamic analysis and can
prove handy tool for structural engineers to know earthquake related serviceability without much complicated
analysis at initial stages. This ratio can be used to present seismic damage indices. The method is proposed
considers Extradosed bridge for example.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
Les Objets Connectés ce n'est plus un sujet de demain. C'est une réalité d'aujourd'hui.
Une réalité pour des marques qui ont compris qu'ils constituaient une révolution dans la relation avec le consommateur. Ils révolutionnent non seulement les usages mais aussi le marketing, les faisant passer d'un marketing produit à un marketing de service. Nous avons donc réuni les meilleurs experts du secteur pour partager leurs expériences concrètes et un éclairage nouveau en la matière.
Intervenants :
Raphael BERGER, Directeur du Département Média & Numérique, IFOP
Rafi HALADJIAN, fondateur, SEN.SE
Didier BOLLÉ, Président Directeur Général, TERRAILLON.
Sébastien JUMEL, Directeur Général, EDELIA
Thomas SERVAL, Net entrepreneurs spécialiste des objets connectés et fondateur de KOLIBREE
Vincent LAMBERT, Directeur Marketing et Grands Comptes, CITYZEN Sciences
Julien Terraz, Creative Technologist, DigitasLBi LAB
Determinant Factors of Islamic Financial Literacy In MalaysiaAJHSSR Journal
The 2008 Great Recession aftermath, numerous studies were undertaken by academic
researchers in analyzing the factors affecting the financial literacy of individuals. The 2008 Great Recession
aftermath, numerous studies were undertaken by academic researchers in analyzing the factors affecting the
financial literacy of individuals. Previous studies revealed that financial literacy among the young was low and
research on the Islamic financial literacy relatively scarce. In view of these concerns, this concept paper focused
on suggesting the determinant factors of Islamic financial literacy. Thus, this paper aims to suggest the
constructs for Islamic financial literacy and its determinants, namely financial knowledge, financial behavior,
financial attitude, demographic factors and personality traits.
Financial Literacy in SchoolA Descriptive Correlation Study oChereCheek752
Financial Literacy in School:
A Descriptive Correlation Study of the Absence of Financial Literacy Taught in Schools
A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Education
ABSTRACT
DEDICATION
[To be indented and completed upon full dissertation completion]
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
[To be indented and completed upon full dissertation completion]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
List of Tables x
List of Figures x
Preface (optional) x
Chapter 1: Introduction x
Background of the Problem x
Problem Statement x
Purpose of the Study x
Population and Sample x
Significance of the Study x
Nature of the Study x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework x
Definition of Terms x
Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations x
Chapter 2: Literature Review x
Title Searches and Documentation x
Historical Content x
Current Content x
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework Literature x
Methodological Literature x
Research Design Literature x
Conclusions x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 3: Research Methodology x
Research Method and Design Appropriateness x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Population and Sample x
Informed Consent and Confidentiality x
Instrumentation x
Field Test orPilot Test x
Credibility and Transferability or Validity and Reliability x
Data Collection x
Data Analysis x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 4: Analysis and Results x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Data Collection x
Demographics x
Pilot Study x
Data Analysis x
Results x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Discussion of Findings x
Limitations x
Recommendations for Leaders and Practitioners x
Recommendations for Future Research x
Chapter Summary x
References x
Appendix A: Title x
Appendix B: Title x
Appendix C: Title x
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Title x
Table 2: Title x
[Only include a list of tables if there are two or more tables. Use title case, defined as capitalizing keywords, for table titles.]
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Title x
Figure 2: Title x
[Only include a List of Figures if there are two or more figures. Use title case, defined as capitalizing keywords, for figure titles.]
UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX
January 2010
v
Introduction
Education about financial literacy is an important subject that could help students handle money at school and in the professional world. Students who acquire this knowledge are different from those without because they would make sound financial decisions to avoid common financial inaccuracies. As Amagir et al. (2018) discovered in their research, individuals who lack financial literacy make errors when paying their financial obligations. As a result, the emphasis of this study will be on the financial educa ...
Implementation of Patient Safety Program as a Prevention and Controlling Heal...irjes
Hospital is a unique working area bringing health risk for the worker either of patient or visitor.
Society who received health service, health worker and visitor in hospital faced to the risk of occurrence
infection or nosokomial infection now called as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). The occurrence of
nosokomial infection in hospital is still on high level. The level of nosokomial infection in hospital for entire the
world showing improvement, it’s about 9% (variation 3 – 21 %) or more than 1.4 million inpatient spaces
(Depkes. 2009). The aimed of this study was to know the implementation of nosokomial infection prevention
program in supporting patient safety in Radjiman Wediodiningrat mental hospital.
Primer and secondary data was obtained from sanitation department and K3 of hospital, collected using
questionnaire interview sheet, polls, and observation using observation sheets. Data obtained using purposive
sampling technique. Data was analyzed by descriptive methode and presented into frequency distribution table.
The result of this research showed that Implementation of Patient safety in Outpatient and Inpatient mental
hospital of Wediodingrat Radjiman still less than optimal, infection Prevention and Control (PPI) at the
Outpatient and Inpatient room not been implemented. So It takes effort to improve the implementation of Patient
Safety in Outpatient and Inpatient especially in Anyelir, Napza, Camar, General clinic, Kemuning and VIP
room, required socialization, education and training on PPI programs in the room
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A Modified PSO Based Solution Approach for Economic Ordered Quantity Problem ...irjes
This paper presents formulation of Economic Ordered Quantity (EOQ) problem considering Order
Size Limits, Stock Limits and Prohibited Ordering Segments, after that a modified PSO algorithm that utilizes
the PSO with double chaotic maps is presented to solve this problem. In proposed approach, the logistic map
and lozi map are applied alternatively to the velocity updating function of the particles. Using PSO with
irregular velocity updates which is performed by these maps forces the particles to search greater space for best
global solution. However the random function itself derived from a well-defined mathematical expression which
limits its redundancy hence in the paper we are utilizing the two different chaotic maps which are used
alternatively this mathematically increased the randomness of the function. The simulation of the algorithm for
the formulated EOQ problem verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm over standard
algorithms for such a complex problem which are difficult to solve by analytical approaches.
THE SURVEILLANCE OF MONITORING OF THE IODIZED SALT IN THE SOUTHEAST AREA OF A...irjes
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are one of the worldwide public health problems of today. IDD remains a public health problem in Albania. We have done this survey in the Southeast area of Albania, to determine the level of iodine in salt samples at the household level.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
Maximal Ordered Leftideals in Ordered Ternarysemigroupsirjes
Lehmer [4] gave the definition of a ternarysemigroup in 1932. We see that all semigroups can be
converted in to a ternarysemigroup. In this paper, we give some axillary results which are also essential for our
deliberations and characterize the relationship b/w the maximal ordered leftideals and the left simple and left
(0)–simple ordered ternarysemigroups, Correspondent to the characterizations of maximal leftideals in ordered
semigroups studied by Cao and Xu [2]
This paper developed an analytical background to scientific development conducted on the use of
Lean Manufacturing in the industries. Regarding the methodological approach to this research is exploratory and
did a literature review with a sample survey using technological resources search as a tool to perform the search
in this case, the component data bases Journals Portal Coordination and Training of Personnel Higher Level. For
this study bibliometric analysis and the selection of journals were made and the results show that the topic is
Lean Manufacturing on the rise internationally and that is a methodology mentioned in leading journals. The
scientific literature on the topic is not predominantly done by a single magazine or a single industry segment.
The contribution is in identifying the gaps of the segments of the industries with the greatest opportunities for
the application of Lean Thinking so that future studies can deepen effectively is opportunity.
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
Implementation of 1D Brinson model in 3D SMA specimens Influenced by stress c...irjes
The application of small-size SMA components has grown rapidly in various industries over the last
few years. Due to their complex nature, local constitutive models for those components have proven somehow
impractical; whereas global models have been unable to take the stress concentration into consideration and
hence cannot predict the nucleation and stress patterns accurately, especially in small samples. Moreover, FE
analyses are impossible to conduct in cases where a large number of evaluations are required to design a suitable
SMA sample. This paper proposes a new iterative method to accurately calculate the stress and martensitic
volume fraction in samples with stress concentration using 1D Brinson model. The method is implemented in
the form of a computer code which is then refined iteratively using FEM model which is validated based on
experimental data. Final assessments show that the proposed method could predict the stress values accurately
at negligible computational costs.
In this paper we give some characterizations of the primary ideals in ternary semigroups. In this
paper mainly we have to show that T be a ternary semigroup satisfying
0
n
n
M
in which every ideal is a
product of primaries. If T has exactly three primes different from M, then T is noetherian of dimension three.
A Perspective of Transportation Development for Bintuni Regency in West Papua...irjes
Bintuni Regency in West Papua Province, can be accessed by sea and air transportation from
Manokwari, Sorong and it’s a road tansport from Manokwari. The study aims to analyze regional resources of
Bintuni Regency which is supported by transportation, availability of infrastructure and transportation services,
to support development. The method used was interview with questionnaires and secondary data collection from
relevant institute. Regional potency and availability of infrastructure and transportation services were analyze by
descriptive and the transportation performance obtained using Importance Perfomance Analysis and Customer
Satisfaction Index method, population trip pattern used origin destinantion matrix (O-D matrix), while
perspective transportation development derived from SWOT analysis. The availability of infrastructure and
transportation services to support regional development is still relatively limited, are transportation services at
very poor level, and internal population trip pattern centered on Bintuni Regency. Perspective transportation
development focused on road transportation networks development, ferry and water, sea transportation in
Bintuni and babo Regency, and air transportation in Bintuni, Babo and Merdey Regency.
Quantum-inspired artificial fish swarm algorithm based on the Bloch sphere se...irjes
To enhance the performance of the intelligent optimization algorithm, a new model of performing search on the Bloch sphere is proposed. Then, by integrating the model into the artificial fish swarm optimization, we present a quantum-inspired artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm. In proposed method, the fishes are encoded with the qubits described on the Bloch sphere. The vector product theory is adopted to establish the axis of rotation, and the Pauli matrices are used to construct the rotation matrices. The four fish behaviors, such as moving, tracking, capturing, aggregating, are achieved by rotating the current qubit about the rotation axis to the target qubit on the Bloch sphere. The Bloch coordinates of qubit can be obtained by measuring with the Pauli matrices, and the optimization solutions can be presented through the solution space transformation. The highlight advantages of this method are the ability to simultaneously adjust two parameters of a qubit and automatically achieve the best match between two adjustment quantities, which may accelerate the optimization process. The experimental results show that the proposed method obviously outperforms the classical one in convergence speed and achieves better levels for some benchmark functions.
Blind Key Steganography Based on Multilevel Wavelet and CSF irjes
- Steganography is the art and science of invisible communication as it hides the information message
inside cover image In This paper the cover image is decomposed using multilevel wavelet transform and theses
wavelet coefficients are statistically weighted according to their perceptual importance (CSF weights) to identify
the regions of interest for the embedding. The hiding image is encrypted using secret key based on wavelet
coefficients on the last approximation level. Then the encrypted watermark is embedded using CSF weights in
the wavelet domain into the cover image. Experimental results denote the feasibility of the proposed method as
the stego images has high PSNR and subjective quality which declare that the algorithm gains a good
performance in transparency and robustness against noise attacks.
Chemical Speciation and Volatilization Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contained I...irjes
This work aimed to study the leaching characteristics of ceramic blocks produced with the
incorporation of textile residues (15% w/w). For this, the procedures of sequential extraction and statistic
analysis to validate the occurrence of metals volatilization during the burning process of the ceramic blocks
were used. With a 95% confidence interval, the statistic analysis of the metals concentrations in the ceramic
blocks, before and after the burning process, showed no metal volatilization. During the sequential
extraction, Mn, Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Al distributions were observed mainly in their residual fractions of the
textile residue solubilized/stabilized in the ceramic matrix. The sum of all involved fractions in the sequential
extraction process is reasonably similar to the total content obtained after the digestion of the original
samples with hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia. In both samples, ceramic blocks before and after the burning
process, the percentages recoveries of 80 to 98% were achieved. This way, the solidification/stabilization
process (S/S) showed to be efficient for the immobilization of heavy metals contained in textile residue
(sludge) in ceramic blocks.
Zero Emission Vehicles-By Carbon Recycling Using Nanotechnologyirjes
Over the past few years, a small word with big potential has been rapidly insinuating itself
into the world’s consciousness. That word is “NANO”(one-billionth of a meter).It has conjured up
speculation about a seismic shift in almost every aspect of science and engineering with implications of
ethics economics, international relations, day-to-day life and even humanity’s conception of place in its
place in the universe. Nanotechnology is the science and technology of building devices, such as
electronic circuits, from single atoms and molecules. Petrol, which is available inadequately, is considered to
be one of the most time sources of energy. Our paper focuses on the prospect for zero emission
hydrocarbon fuelled vehicles with sustainable carbon cycle using nanotechnology in which exhausted
petrol is recycled again and again. This process involves two phases,
Novel Class Detection Using RBF SVM Kernel from Feature Evolving Data Streamsirjes
In the data mining field the classification of data stream creates many problems. The challenges
faces in the data stream are infinite length, concept drift, concept evaluation and feature evolution. Most of the
existing system focuses on the only first two challenges. We propose a framework in which each classifier is
prepared with the novel class detector for addressing the two challenges concept drift and concept evaluation
and for addressing the feature evolution feature set homogeneous technique is proposed. We improved the
novel class detection module by building it more adaptive to evolving the stream. SVM based feature extraction
for RBF kernel method is also proposed for detecting the novel class from the steaming data. By using the
concept of permutation and combination RBF kernel extracts the features and find out the relation between
them. This improves the novel class detect technique and provide more accuracy for classifying the data
Extradosed Bridges – Assessment of seismic damage using Ground Acceleration a...irjes
Forced vibration of structure for given Earthquake time history is governed by peak acceleration. For
cable stayed structures such as Extradosed cable stayed bridge it is difficult to predict dynamic response using
usual methods of dynamic analysis as applied to some other bridge structures like response spectrum analysis,
accurate analysis like time history analysis is time consuming and has time and cost effects. Nonlinearities can
only be considered in time history analysis. The proposed method correlates the peak ground acceleration
(PGA) and earthquake deformation ratio (EDR) which can be used for simplified dynamic analysis and can
prove handy tool for structural engineers to know earthquake related serviceability without much complicated
analysis at initial stages. This ratio can be used to present seismic damage indices. The method is proposed
considers Extradosed bridge for example.
Behavior Of Castellated Composite Beam Subjected To Cyclic Loadsirjes
The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of beam-column sub-assemblages castella
due to cyclic loading. Knowing these behaviors can if be analyzed the effectiveness of the concrete filler to
reduce the damage and improve capacity of beam castella. Test beam consists of beam castella fabricated from
normal beam (CB), castella beams with concrete filler between the flange (CCB) and normal beam (NB) as a
comparison. Results showed castella beam (CB) has the advantage to increase the flexural capacity and energy
absorption respectively 100.5% and 74.3%. Besides advantages, castella beam has the disadvantage that
lowering partial ductility and full ductility respectively 12.6 % and 18.1%, decrease resistance ratio 29.5 %
and accelerate the degradation rate of stiffness ratio 31.4%. By the concrete filler between the beam flange to
improve the ability of castella beam, then the beam castella have the ability to increase the flexural capacity of
184.78 %, 217.1% increase energy absorption, increase ductility partial and full ductility respectively 27.9 %
and 26 %, increases resistance ratio 52.5 % and slow the rate of degradation of the stiffness ratio 55.1 %..
Les Objets Connectés ce n'est plus un sujet de demain. C'est une réalité d'aujourd'hui.
Une réalité pour des marques qui ont compris qu'ils constituaient une révolution dans la relation avec le consommateur. Ils révolutionnent non seulement les usages mais aussi le marketing, les faisant passer d'un marketing produit à un marketing de service. Nous avons donc réuni les meilleurs experts du secteur pour partager leurs expériences concrètes et un éclairage nouveau en la matière.
Intervenants :
Raphael BERGER, Directeur du Département Média & Numérique, IFOP
Rafi HALADJIAN, fondateur, SEN.SE
Didier BOLLÉ, Président Directeur Général, TERRAILLON.
Sébastien JUMEL, Directeur Général, EDELIA
Thomas SERVAL, Net entrepreneurs spécialiste des objets connectés et fondateur de KOLIBREE
Vincent LAMBERT, Directeur Marketing et Grands Comptes, CITYZEN Sciences
Julien Terraz, Creative Technologist, DigitasLBi LAB
Determinant Factors of Islamic Financial Literacy In MalaysiaAJHSSR Journal
The 2008 Great Recession aftermath, numerous studies were undertaken by academic
researchers in analyzing the factors affecting the financial literacy of individuals. The 2008 Great Recession
aftermath, numerous studies were undertaken by academic researchers in analyzing the factors affecting the
financial literacy of individuals. Previous studies revealed that financial literacy among the young was low and
research on the Islamic financial literacy relatively scarce. In view of these concerns, this concept paper focused
on suggesting the determinant factors of Islamic financial literacy. Thus, this paper aims to suggest the
constructs for Islamic financial literacy and its determinants, namely financial knowledge, financial behavior,
financial attitude, demographic factors and personality traits.
Financial Literacy in SchoolA Descriptive Correlation Study oChereCheek752
Financial Literacy in School:
A Descriptive Correlation Study of the Absence of Financial Literacy Taught in Schools
A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Education
ABSTRACT
DEDICATION
[To be indented and completed upon full dissertation completion]
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
[To be indented and completed upon full dissertation completion]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
List of Tables x
List of Figures x
Preface (optional) x
Chapter 1: Introduction x
Background of the Problem x
Problem Statement x
Purpose of the Study x
Population and Sample x
Significance of the Study x
Nature of the Study x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework x
Definition of Terms x
Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations x
Chapter 2: Literature Review x
Title Searches and Documentation x
Historical Content x
Current Content x
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework Literature x
Methodological Literature x
Research Design Literature x
Conclusions x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 3: Research Methodology x
Research Method and Design Appropriateness x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Population and Sample x
Informed Consent and Confidentiality x
Instrumentation x
Field Test orPilot Test x
Credibility and Transferability or Validity and Reliability x
Data Collection x
Data Analysis x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 4: Analysis and Results x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Data Collection x
Demographics x
Pilot Study x
Data Analysis x
Results x
Chapter Summary x
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations x
Research Questions/Hypotheses x
Discussion of Findings x
Limitations x
Recommendations for Leaders and Practitioners x
Recommendations for Future Research x
Chapter Summary x
References x
Appendix A: Title x
Appendix B: Title x
Appendix C: Title x
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Title x
Table 2: Title x
[Only include a list of tables if there are two or more tables. Use title case, defined as capitalizing keywords, for table titles.]
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Title x
Figure 2: Title x
[Only include a List of Figures if there are two or more figures. Use title case, defined as capitalizing keywords, for figure titles.]
UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX
January 2010
v
Introduction
Education about financial literacy is an important subject that could help students handle money at school and in the professional world. Students who acquire this knowledge are different from those without because they would make sound financial decisions to avoid common financial inaccuracies. As Amagir et al. (2018) discovered in their research, individuals who lack financial literacy make errors when paying their financial obligations. As a result, the emphasis of this study will be on the financial educa ...
Many countries have seen the importance of financial education by making financial
education a national strategy. In Vietnam, although the National Strategies for Inclusive Financial
Education has been proposed since 2017 and officially included in the National Financial Inclusion
Strategy in 2020, however, financial education is still quite new, and many people are not aware of
the necessity of financial l
Although financial education consists of individuals of all ages, education of young people in the field of finance is more important. Young generation faces more financial risks and more complicated financial products than their parents. Besides, young people are introduced to financial services at very early ages owing to cell phones, bank accounts, credit cards. Therefore, it is important that individuals are educated in finance as early as possible. INTRODUCTION
Today’s financial world is highly complex when compared with that of a generation ago (Suwanaphan, 2013). The ability to manage personal finances has become increasingly important in today's world. People must plan for long-term investments for their retirement and children's education (Volpe & Chen, 1998). They must also decide on short term savings and borrowing for a vacation, a down payment for a house, a car loan, and other big ticket items. Additionally, they must manage their own medical and life insurance needs (Chen &Volpe, 1998). Families and schools have continually constructed a shared reality in preparing teens for their financial future (Danes & Haberman, 2007).
Young people are in transition from childhood to adulthood, from financial dependency to independence. Their role in society is changing and they have new economic responsibilities (Shim et al., 2009, Shim et al., 2010). They often find themselves carrying large amounts of student loans or credit card debt, and such early entanglements can hinder their ability to accumulate wealth (Lusardi, Mitchell & Curto, 2010). The capacity to manage personal finances has become increasingly important, particularly for college students (Gutter, Copur & Blanco, 2013).
According to the UN, more than 18% (1.2 billion) of the world’s population is comprised of youth, and the combined group of youth and children (those under age 15) makes up fully 40% of the world’s population today (Reinsch, 2012). Children and youth are both current and future social and economic actors, whose decisions will influence development of their societies. The recent financial crisis has highlighted the importance of promoting social responsibility and developing skills in financial management for all persons. This is especially true for children and youth, who are particularly vulnerable. Important values of citizenship and skills in managing financial resources at an early age can lessen social and financial vulnerability, thereby reducing the risk of poverty caused by debt (UNICEF, 2012).
In today’s age of consumerism and knowledge explosion, young adults seem to be the most highly targeted group by professional marketers and big organizations. Financial prudence paves the way into a bright and safe future among the youth, generating wealth, and avoiding debt and wasteful spending ultimately leading to financial soundness. Financial literacy also helps in building up the skills and confidence of the youth to become more aware of financial opport
Towards a More Realistic View of Household Decisions
ING is stepping up its research into consumer economics, taking a more multi-disciplinary approach, which draws on insights from psychology and sociology. Our ambition is to improve our understanding of economic behaviour and our forecasting abilities. This will in turn help us to give more support to ING’s customer-centric purpose of “empowering people to stay a step ahead in life and in business”.
The launch of the Think Forward Initiative embodies ING’s intensified efforts to better understand how and why people make financial choices. The aim is to use the lessons learned to inspire action. This is the first in a series of reports forming
part of the contribution of ING’s economists to this collaborative effort. We invite readers to join the debate.
ING steps up research on consumer finances
ING published the first in a series of research reports as part of ING’s Think Forward Initiative to gain a better understanding of consumer decision-making and the consequences on economic activity.
More info: http://www.ing.com/Newsroom/All-news/ING-steps-up-research-on-consumer-finances.htm
Effects of the Entrepreneurial Environment on Tunisian Individuals’ Decision ...inventionjournals
Due to the severe competitiveness in the marketplace, venture creation in big towns, such as SfaxTunisia, has become a serious challenge. Then, considering entrepreneurship as a source of wealth creation, economic growth, social progress, and technological development, the current paper seeks to identify the motivating factors that are triggering new venture creators’ decision to start their businesses. To identify the observed motivations, we developed a questionnaire that we addressed to 86 new entrepreneurs drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature. The application of factor analysis has revealed that business creators’ decision to launch their ventures rests upon three main motivational dimensions: socio-economic conditions, entrepreneurial skills, and financial and non-financial assistance. The study also suggests some recommendations to enhance entrepreneurship in Tunisia.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Study of Determinants Influencing Financial Literacy of Individual Investor...RSIS International
Investment scenario is changing very fast and financial
literacy impacts financial decisions of individual investors. The
present study is exploratory in nature and determines the factor
that affects financial literacy and how they affect decision
making. The sample consist of 649 individual investors to obtain
information through structured questionnaire from various
parts of India The result indicated that there are seven most
influencing factors of financial literacy that affects investor
decision making are: Attitude, Knowledge, Budgeting Habits,
liquidity, self analytical skills, Emotional Inclination and Goal
Planning. This study will help to determine strategies which will
help to improve financial literacy of an individual investors.
Students’ knowledge and understanding of personal financial securityinventionjournals
The aim of thisresearchis to study and analyzestudents’ attitude and theirlevel of understandingtowardsknowledge of personalfinancialsecurity. In order to succeed in life itis essential to have financialsecurityknowledge, whichiswhy 120 Business Management students of MA degreemajoring in Financial Management and Marketing fields of study in IslamicAzadUniversity of Abhar, admittedin 2010, wereselected and studiedbased on aggregate data analysis. The adaptedmodels of research are the twocriteria; life satisfaction and the competency of pastresearches. The data collection tool of the presentresearch has been questionnaires, whichafterquality and quantityanalysis of the gathered data through variance analysis (ANOVA), have shown the attitude and knowledge of business management students of AzadUniversity of Abhar towardpersonalfinancialsecurity, do not differconsideringtheir major (marketing and financial management) and gender
Non-monetary effects Employee performance during Financial Crises in the Kurd...AI Publications
The crisis of 2014-2018 has focused attention on money and credit fluctuations, financial crises, and policy responses. The main aim of this research was to examine the non-monetary factors affecting employee performance in Kurdistan region of Iraq as general and Erbil as particular. However, the researcher developed five research hypotheses to be tested and measured to evaluate employee performance during financial crises. The researcher implemented simple regression analysis to measure the developed research hypotheses, it was found that the highest value was for job security, this indicates the job security has the most powerful and positive association with employee performance during financial crisis, on the other hand the least powerful was found to be job enrichment that influences and related to employee performance during financial crisis in Kurdistan region of Iraq.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Similar to Analysis of financial behavior of young people between 20 and 30 years (20)
Cars are a very important part of this modern world because they give luxury and comfort. Even
though they are comfortable, some problems always keep arising on the safety side. After a lot of research they
rectified certain problems using air bags, auto parking, turbo charger, pedal shift…, etc.
And now we are going to discuss about one such problem that arises on the safety side. An unsuspected
accident occurs when people smash their fingers in between the car doors. Due to this kind of accident around
120,000 people are injured every year. But this was not taken as a very major safety concern for the customer.
To avoid this kind accident due to car doors, we are introducing “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
with the help of “HYDRAULIC PISTON AND IR SENSORS”.
The major working process of the “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”is, when a person places his/her
hand or fingers in the gap between the door and the outer panel, at the time when the closing action of the door
takes place, the Sensors start to transmit the Infra Red Rays to the Receivers at the
other end, and so even if someone closes the door without anybody‟s knowledge the hydraulic piston will
automatically come out and stop the door from closing and prevent the person from the unsuspected accident
and minor injuries by the car door and ensure maximum safety to the customer.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Differe...irjes
In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
A Smart City could be depicted as a place, logical and physical, in which a crowd of heterogeneous
entities is related in time and space through different types of interactions. Any type of entity, whether it is a
device or a person, clustered in communities, becomes a source of context-based data.
Energy awareness is able to drive the process of bringing our society to limit energy waste and to optimize
usage of available resources, causing a strong environmental and social impact. Then, following social network
analysis methodologies related to the dynamics of complex systems, it is possible to find out, emergent and
sometimes hidden new habits of electricity usage. Through an initial Critical Mass, involving a multitude of
consumers, each related to more contexts, we evaluate the triggering and spreading of a collective attitude. To
this aim, in this paper, we propose a novel analytical model defining a new concept of critical mass, which
includes centrality measures both in a single layer and in a multilayer social network.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
- Person's desire to do a pregnancy examination is determined by the service place that suits the tastes
and facilities owned by it. Until now, the utilization of antenatal care by pregnant women is still low (Mardiana,
2014). The purpose of the study is to analyze factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery place
in Surabaya city based on the preferences and choice theory.
Type of survey research is cross sectional approach, the population is mothers who have children aged 1-
12 months in Surabaya. The large sample of 250 mothers who have children aged 1-12 months in 2013 is taken
by simple random sampling technique. Variables of the research are the preference elements and steps, choice
elements and steps, utilization of antenatal care and delivery place. Data were collected through questionnaires
and secondary data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics in the form of a frequency distribution, shown
by the schematic diagram.
The result showed that the preference elements and steps showed almost half (42.9%) desire to give birth
in a health care because of information got from someone else, while the choice element and step shows the
bulk (57.1%) of the criteria of delivery place chosen is a safe, comfortable and cheap delivery place, the labor
place which is the main choice most (57.1%) is cheap, comfortable, close.
Conclusion of the research based on the preferences and choice theory can be found three (3) new
theories, they are preferences become choice, preferences do not become choice, choice is preceded by
preferences
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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Analysis of financial behavior of young people between 20 and 30 years
1. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 3, Issue 12 (December 2014), PP.55-64
www.irjes.com 55 | Page
Analysis of financial behavior of young people between 20 and 30
years
Francisco Américo da Silva¹, Manoel Gonçales Filho², Lisleandra Machado4
,
Maria das Graças J. M. Tomazela², Rosenira Izadel de Oliveira³, Elaine
Rodrigues dos Santos², Fernando Celso de Campos².
1
(Department of Business Management, Faculdade de Tecnologia de Piracicaba
“Dep. Roque Trevisan”, Brazil)
2
(Department of Post Graduate in Production Engineering (PPGEP),
Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)
³Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM)
4
Federal Institute of Science Education and Technology Southeast of Minas Gerais,
Santos Dumont Campus (IFSUDETEMG)
Abstract:-The theme economic and family planning involves the relationship between young consumers and
their personal financial management. This article aims to highlight how consumers of twenty to thirty years old
organize their finances, with a view to personal needs, the influence of marketing and economics. The method
used is exploratory research with analysis of qualitative data composed by two major steps involving literature
review, in which authors are listed the base to support the development of this article. In addition, the research
field with the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions in order to verify the behavioral
aspects of consumer, in a sample of thirty respondents in the city of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. At the end of
this summary, the survey results show that although one hundred percent of the population surveyed consider
important to plan your personal budget, howeveronly sixty percent save regularly.
Keywords:-behavioral finance, case study,financial planning
I. INTRODUCTION
Financial management in companies known through professional management can be part of everyday
life when thinking about personal financial management, since economic, financial and administrative aspects
are involved on stage in relations between individuals. This issue begins to gain importance with globalization,
since it is possible to purchase products in foreign markets and sell them, and especially because these
consumers as economic agents represent important part to the financial stability of the country (ECONOMIA
DESCOMPLICADA, 2009).
The purpose of personal financial management is to organize resources so they can be made available
in family projects, so that involves a scope of knowledge greater than the financial administration. Actually, it
all begins with a critique of classical finance, because it did not include a behavioral analysis of the decision
maker. Then comes the branch in behavioral finance to explain the value given to a product or service is not
purely rational, because the decision process involves addition of tangible attributes, intangibles such as status
(GÜNTHER, 2008).
Arrive at a situation where this knowledge becomes important because in addition to consumer
behavior, some aspects of the scenery change, and this individual may need a cash reserve for unexpected
situations or to a plan for the future with additions spared to retirement. However, you cannot check in schools
or in higher-level courses related to personal financial management, even if it is important to raise awareness
about risks, goals and objectives that positively impact the financial health (TYSON, 2008; PEREIRA, 2009;
WISNIEWSKI, 2011).
With the proposal to identify the financial behavior of university students from twenty to thirty years
and how they organize their personal finances, either by a plan or not having specific method is the intention of
this article, since it is a situation in which several people are involved.
To achieve the proposed objectives, we use exploratory qualitative literature search that involves from
the literature the theoretical foundation necessary for the interpretation of the data obtained in the field. The
research population corresponds to thirty university students from twenty to thirty years the city of Piracicaba
(Brazil), whose data were obtained through a questionnaire with open and closed questions.
2. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 56 | Page
In summary, exploratory qualitative literature is the method used to understand the theme, since demand from
respondents to identify what they highlight important about financial management, and managing their own
under the perspective of personal finance.
II. RESEARCH JUSTIFICATION
From 1980 until mid-1990, Brazil was experiencing a severe economic crisis, inflationary period, the
damage was such that some authors considered the lost decade. People as soon as they received payment they
walked to the market, because the money was losing value quickly face a scenario in which prices were marked
down at least once a week. During this period, there was no need for planning or have a household budget
(GÜNTHER, 2008).
The scenario has changed since the creations of the Real Plan, in order to enable economic agents to
manage spending and spending and, from that, investing profits or savings apply them in a given financial
stability (GÜNTHER, 2008). Given the new perspective, a personal planning helps the individual can perform
his personal projects such as travel or invest in studies, with the assurance that the following properly planned,
will increase the chances of meeting the goals set forth.
As a personal justification, this article reinforces the social aspect, as there are many elements involved
in the financial management that exceed the subject of measuring inputs and outputs to allow the individual to
know themselves. And to allow know how marketing impacts their purchase decisions to make an attractive
product, or demonstrating positive impacts of managing the finances due to greater control, or it can making
dreams come true of long before it showed impossible without planning.
In order academic justification, it relates to the relevance of the topic, because the consumer is an
important economic agent that influence positively or negatively the financial system of the country.
Undoubtedly, it is expected that, with conscious decisions and financial education such intervention is the best
possible.
III. OBJECTIVES
To verify the impact of the financial behavior of young people 20 to 30 years because the personal finances and
family develops two objectives in order to direct research, these being:
a. Demonstrate through sampling survey the percentage of young academics from Piracicaba which gets
and which do not succeed in managing their finances;
b. Analyze and point out an economic plan guidelines for university students;
IV. BEGINNING OF FINANCE
The concept of personal finance appears from the classic dimension of finance theory, being an
argument about an individual completely rational decision maker who seeks to maximize the utility of goods
and services, and minimize the losses. This process of rationality used in relation to the individual to achieve
optimal solutions and savings defines personal finance (TORRALVO, 2010).
The ramifications of classical finance happen when it appears that the market is influenced by the
decisions of consumers, which in turn are influenced by many factors not always rational (TORRALVO, 2010).
In fact, Limongi-França (2006) notes that the individual is consisting of dimensions involving biological,
psychological and social, so biopsychosocial layer.
Predecessor of personal finance, behavioral finance encourages the discussion with the psychological
study of the behavior of economic agents and the consequences they cause in the financial market, in short,
decisive factors for decision-making (TORRALVO, 2010).
It has been proven by studies biases that alienate the individual from a rational decision, one of the
significant items in this line of reasoning is authored by Tversky and Kahneman arguing over the risk
assessment based on a limited number of options, heuristics, being representativeness, availability and
anchoring (TORRALVO, 2010).
Representativeness is a heuristic that checks the possibility of something happening based on historical
events, whether in their own situation or portfolio of individual memories (FERNANDES, ALVES e ROCHA,
2013).
The anchorage is based on a fixed idea considered more important, however when the results are not
what you hoped for, the decision maker feels aversion to change the choice (FERNANDES, ALVES e ROCHA,
2013).
Availability discusses events that happen frequently are easy to remember, so probability to estimate an
event when memory and the imaginations are associated with it is greater (FERNANDES, ALVES e ROCHA,
2013).
Heuristics enriched the discussion of finance, as it was revealed that the decision makers, agents
underlie choices in pre-established notions, going against the current rational (TORRALVO, 2010).
3. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 57 | Page
In summary, from the classic finances appear to behavioral finance, personal finances and consequently involve
the knowledge of both to assist individuals and families in their own economic decisions (TORRALVO, 2010).
V. ECONOMIC AND FAMILY PLANNING
For that people might develop a family economic planning is necessary to use financial principles and
concepts involving Economy and Administration, sciences related to varying degrees of social organization
(ECONOMIA DESCOMPLICADA, 2009). Therefore, people are affected by economic decisions, whether to
buy a product, selling, or seeking a new job (PARKIN, 2009).
Economy originates from the Greek language “oikonomía”, being oikos and nomos, which means
“home” and “rule” respectively. Therefore, employing rules in the house, or the company until the country
(ECONOMIA DESCOMPLICADA, 2009).
The subject seem distant, as while individuals do not consciously interfere in the economy, are
certainly influenced by the subject, as an example, the guidelines for maintenance of the interest (PARKIN,
2009). However, it is critical for the financial education to understand the principles such as scarcity, since
people have unlimited needs who try to be satisfied with meager resources. So, while always pursue more, they
have is limited by time, money and effort required to conquer (PARKIN, 2009).
Financial mathematics studies the value of money over time, this science is important because
decisions about which products to buy, when and why involves a timeline (ASSAF NETO, 2009).
Consequently, buying a home requires certain requisites that must be met as the entry value and plan how it will
be done at some point involves getting X and ending in Y in the acquisition time (PANASIUK, 2008).
VI. BUDGET WORKSHEET
The budget spreadsheet is essential to assist in budget management, because it allows the financial
monitoring. It is a framework discriminate between revenues and expenses in a given period, and monthly,
semiannual or annual balances to be determined, it is possible to be superavit or deficit (PROCON, s.d.).
On the internet, there are many models that can be used as well as software. Overall, the concept is
simple; it is an instrument that combines goals to be achieved in intervals of short, medium and long term. Also
let us note that you should not spend more than you earn, the limits to maintain a positive balance and to
identify wasteful spending (DUARTE, 2011).
In summary, the tool follows the idea of input and output “cash flow” and which is received versus
what is spent. Start with recipes that are received values, salary and rents. Then pass to discriminate expenses,
which are obligations (DUARTE, 2011; PROCON, s.d.).
The expenses are divided into fixed and variable, is important to know that the spreadsheet shown in
Table 1 the author has divided the fixed expenses in those where the values do not change, so variables expenses
the values can change. Therefore, in another context the energy expenses may be considered like a fixed
expense, since it occurs throughout the month (PROCON, s.d.).
Over the period, it is necessary to update the spreadsheet, and observe the behavior of the budget to see
if the costs do not surpass revenues (deficit). After all, the ultimate goal is to obtain a positive difference
between revenues and expenses (superavit); otherwise, you should analyze the elastic expenditures, those that
can be reduced with intent to rebalance the finances (DUARTE, 2011).
Table 1 - Spreadsheet control monthly household budget
MONTH JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
INCOMES Salary
Rent
Sum
FIXED
EXPENSES
Provision of home
Provision of car
Sum
VARIABLE
EXPENSES
Light
Water
Sum
BALANCE Incomes
Fixed expenses
Variable expenses
Balance
Source: adapted BM&FBOVESPA, (s.d.)
4. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 58 | Page
Finally, as there are various existing financial budget worksheets are also proposals for analyzes that the
instrument can provide, in this case, financial education is essential to manage finances properly (DUARTE,
2011).
VII. FINANCIAL EDUCATION
Planning is an essential behavior in the management of finances, which can be achieved through
financial education, as well:
Consumers and investors optimize their understanding of financial products and also develop skills and
safety to become more aware of financial risks and opportunities, to make their choices and know where to seek
help, thus improving the relationship with your finances (WISNIEWSKI, 2011, p. 161, our translation).
To know which places to get information on the topic can be exhausting, since about personal finance
courses offered in schools or universities are not common. Although the internet has revolutionized access to
information by making it available, the virtual environment with multiple articles and relative freedom to write
causes a situation of excess and shortage, now that the lack of organization and structuring of the text difficult to
understand information (TYSON, 2008 and BATISTA, 2010).
In this sense, the ignorance related to financial education can be evidenced in the current literature books, and
becomes noticeable that financial difficulties are not restricted to monetary aspect, but also cause emotional and
health problems (PEREIRA, 2009). The results of a survey released by the Brazilian Association of Consumer
Protection - PROTESTE, confirms that in the country is common for people to show various symptoms like
insomnia, irritability, anxiety, headaches, and social isolation (PROTESTE, 2014).
VIII. INDICATOR OF CONSUMER BAD DEBT
In 2013 the indicator of Consumer Bad Debt decreased 2% compared to the year 2012 according to
Serasa Experian, the first decline in the index in 14 years since the series began in 2000. Economists attribute
this dynamic to lower levels of unemployment and greater rigor that companies granting credit developed in
activity after the 2009 crisis. The article highlights the fall compared to bad checks, 9,4%, and non-bank debt,
4,8 percent (ESTADÃO, 2014).
Already on the portal of magazine Exame the brazilian debt increased for the sixth consecutive month
in June, compromising 44,82% the rent of the employee for the last 12 months, before 44,52% prior year, both
records in their respective periods. If discount the property debt remaining 30,41% and 30,49% debt in 2013 and
2012. In relation to impairment of benefits designed to banks was decline, although May, 21,5%, for June,
21,52%, in 2012 this figure was 22,96 percent (CUCOLO, 2013).
Can be seen that the increase occurs primarily in secured credit line, in which the monthly installments
replace rental expenses, which features a “good debt” and with less risk (CUCOLO, 2013).
In search of the Service of Credit Protection – SPC Brasil, it appears that the relationship between age
and debts have changed, but remain concentrated in cumulative values up R$ 2.500,00, though the total has
declined participation of 81,2% for 80,3% of 2013 to 2014. The evaluation of economists of this scenario
involves the smallest growth salary range of people with low income, thus this situation causes them to have
difficulties paying off debts (SPC BRASIL, 2014).
With the use of the database of The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE, to classify
age populations relative to debt ratio. The SPC reported that the largest share of defaulters are between 25 to 49
years, because it fits where most of the population, the corresponding figure is 63,2% in January 2014, higher
than the previous year when it was in 62,6% in December (SPC BRASIL, 2014).
The following data includes indexes from January 2014 related the intermediate age groups, and their
corresponding in debt. Individuals younger than 24 years account for 14, 25% of defaulters, followed 24-29
years with 15,28%, between 30 and 39 years old with 28,37%, between 40 and 49 years old with 19,56%,
between 50 to 64 years old with 15,79%, and over 65 years old with 6,76 percent. In comparison with the data
of December 2013 there is an increase of between defaulted range of less than 24 to individuals 49 years old,
being added in 2013, 57,13%, and in 2014, 57,9 percent. At last, specifically, between the ages of 30 to 49 years
add up most indebted (SPC BRASIL, 2014).
In Piracicaba the bad debt dropped 0.8% from January to September of the year 2013 compared with
the same period in 2012, according to the Service Central of Credit Protection – SCPC of the Commercial and
Industrial Association of Piracicaba – ACIPI. They also addressed the IBGE data which shows a debt of 55% of
brazilians. In Piracicaba at least indebtedness recoils more than the national average, however, the explanatory
factor for the scenario is the high prices and rising interest rates, as well as the difficulty of granting credit, since
policies awareness in the financial sector have not progressed (CAMPOS, 2013).
5. Analysis of Financial Behavior
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IX. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Since the policies of financial awareness have not progressed, but it is still important to properly
manage finances with knowledge, because knowledge is the basis for building a sustainable society
(DRUCKER, 2002).
Place focus on knowledge, because when working with financial mathematics, is involved in this dynamic the
risk and only with the understanding of the subject, is verified that the shortage is a risk. Manage financial risks
is responsibility of mathematics, economics and how aggregating factor in this scenario is responsibility of
people (ECONOMIA DESCOMPLICADA, 2009).
Are the changes in the environment that provide the subject of studies of behavioral finance, since this:
... area of behavioral finance has to analyze the psychological aspects involved in the decision making of
investors in general in relation to the evaluation and pricing of financial assets constituted by the market
(LOPES, et al., 2011, p. 1, our translation).
Although the concept is aimed at investors may be noted that there are aspects that influence the
behavior of individuals, therefore influencing their economic planning.
This sense that the behavior of the consumer seeks to understand what makes you decide to buy, and
which product to buy. Stimuli of the environment: economic, technological, political and cultural help in
choosing the product, brand, seller, purchase frequency and volume purchased (KOTLER e ARMSTRONG,
2007).
The People to purchase a product or service they are seeking to meet their needs (COBRA, 2008). Then
every individual possesses groups of complex needs, but on criteria such like: live in the same residence,
studying in the same school and have the same salary range; can be grouped into certain sets and at some level
in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (HELLRIEGE e SLOCUM, 2004).
In a scenario with scarce resources, identify and differentiate needs from wants becomes something
important for the individual to reach the end of the month with a surplus of salary (PANASIUK, 2008).
Therefore have long-term goals is essential (PEREIRA, 2009).
Although the level of default does not compromise the growth of consumption or production
(PEREIRA, 2009), cannot be expected that the dynamics remain the same, such as the 2008 crisis made the
questionable veracity of corporate balance sheets, and the Gross National Product – GNP of the country receded
considerably (GASPARIN, 2011 e IBGE, 2013).
X. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
A survey involves a research of data on a significant sample about a problem to be studied for, then by
quantitative analysis, obtain, the corresponding conclusions to the data collected (GIL, 1996). The research type
surveys have the objective to contribute to knowledge in a particular area of interest by collecting information
about individuals or about the environments these individuals (FORZA, 2002). According to the above author,
the surveys can be exploratory (acquire an initial “insight” on a topic and provide the basis for a detailed
survey), confirmatory (testing of theories or explanatory), or descriptive (understanding of the relevance of a
phenomenon and description of the distribution of the phenomenon in the population, with the goal of providing
subsidies for construction of theories or its refinement). In general, it is assumed as a lifting type survey, a
universe of tens, hundreds or thousands of elements, predominantly the latter two groups.
Therefore, for viabilization of the study was used a review of literature with approach methodology
qualitative who involves the literature review and field research type survey. Therefore, the literature review
defines the conceptual basis on which it sustains the data analysis conducted, and the field research approaches
the researcher of the problem addressed.
The literature review made use of collections of dissemination, since this class of materials provides
scientific and technical knowledge (GIL, 2002). Aimed to ascertain what are the common points described to
achieve a good personal financial planning and the positive aspects of managing the budget with some tool.
In field research with exploratory qualitative methodology, the researcher has greater familiarity with
the problem studied (GIL, 2002). As such, this research technique requires a general and specific planning for
data collection, report the steps and observations as to the results obtained (Andrade, 2010).
To suit the above considerations that the author points out, the study sample comprises thirty
respondents in a population of university students 20-30 years of the city of Piracicaba (Brazil). The selection of
the population occur randomly, because as highlights Pereira (2009 apud Bauer and Gaskell, 2002) as the
qualitative aspect is researched, the dimension of responses are limited, since the topic is of common interest to
those involved in research.
The data collection was accomplished through a questionnaire with open and closed questions, as this
research method does not determine that the researcher is present to assist the respondent was conducted
6. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 60 | Page
electronically. The instrument addresses three aspects of the (a) general identification of the respondent by age,
education and marital status; (b) the aspect that involves mastering the informant about the money, through the
assessment of your spending and (c) the operation of its management method.
The assessment data will occur-from spreadsheet after all as collection occurred via computerized with
Google Docs, the prior formatting who of the tool has allows work more easy with the data obtained, and
generate the necessary reports.
In short, the method articulated to the development of this study comprises bibliographic research and
fieldwork survey type, so that the former provides the concepts necessary to support the data analysis, and the
second promotes a greater understanding of the situation in loco, namely, in the field where it develops the
situation studied.
XI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter are presented and discussed the results of field research. Such that thirty university
students in the city of Piracicaba characterize the sample, State of São Paulo.
The assessment of results revealed that forty percent corresponds to the female public, and sixty
percent is male, and ninety percent unmarried and ten percent are married. Concerning about age, 16 students
are from twenty to twenty-one years old, 6 between twenty-two to twenty three years old, 2 between twenty four
to twenty five years old, 2 between twenty five to twenty-six years old, 2 between twenty-seven to twenty-eight
years old and 4 between twenty-eight to thirty years old. In addition, to conclude this overview, all have some
type of income.
According to the literature review is important for people to properly manage their personal finances,
as well as companies have professional management, individuals need at the end of the month to count a portion
of money to save, invest, or some unforeseen. However, data from field research shows that young people do
not consider their salary as a joint family income, and allied to that variable 47% fail to reach the end of the
month with some amount of salary as shown in the graph below. So disregard that, even if not directly
contribute to the household budget, certainly to bear personal expenses, creating a gap in the family budget.
Figure 1 - Young people who can finish the month with part of salary
Source: data from field research, 2014
The expert in personal financial management emphasize that saving is a great attitude, and that at least
ten percent of salary should be reserved. According to the chart above, it was observed that 53% young people
are able to keep a portion of the salary, but how much would this percentage? To answer this question, the chart
below shows an inverse measure, in other words, the smaller the saved, the highest number of young people
who save; and, the higher the percentage of reserved, less wages the amount of individuals. In this case, 47%
young people save less than 10%, 27% save between 10% to 20%, 13% save between 20% to 30%, 10% save
between 30% to 40%, and only 3% of young people can save a value greater than forty percent.
53%
47%
Young people who can finish the
month with part of salary
Can achieve Cannot achieve
7. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 61 | Page
Figure 2 - Percentage of salary remaining at the end of the month
Source: data from field research, 2014
With the above representation, it is observed that 74% of young people can keep up 20% of salary,
which can be considered a reasonable amount, and other data of the field research was found that 60% them
save regularly, so that the remaining, 40%, do not save. However, the chart below shows troubling data, it
shows that only 27% of young people frequently save, 33% save sometimes, 30% rarely and 10% never save.
47
27
13
10
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Salaryremaining(%)
University students (%)
Percentage of salary remaining at the end of the month
Less than 10%
Between 10% and 20%
Between 20% and 30%
Between 30% and 40%
Greater than 40%
8. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 62 | Page
Figure 3 - Young people who save by virtue of frequency
Source: data from field research, 2014
However is observed that there is not a relationship between saving and plan how to spend the salary,
since a large majority has a plan, being represented by 67% of young people, and the remaining 33% do not
plan. Also, there is the possibility of planning and not follow the plan, as verified 60% them do what they
planned, and 40% claims fail.
To understand these data in the chart below to search brought important information, as it would only
be possible 27% individuals save, while 67% plan how to spend the salary? Surprisingly, with regular salary
expenses, 10%; in other words, have compromised the entire budget for the balance at the end of the month to
be null is one explanation for this, other refers to the unforeseen, appointed by 10% of young people. It is also
known that the targets, as the literature has pointed out, is one of the main reasons for the initiation of a financial
plan, and 40% of young people highlight this situation.
Figure 4 - Motives that lead young people to achieve or not achieve the financial planning
Source: data from field research, 2014
Financial education is an essential knowledge for individuals to become aware of the risks of
mismanagement of the budget, and the benefits of the opposite situation. In the field, it was found that all young,
100% of respondents consider important to follow some kind of plan. Among the explanations of this subject is
observed several answers, or to avoid debts 33%, to make good use of salary with 30%, for investments with
20% and various notes 17 percent. A review of the literature, beyond these issues brought to know that financial
difficulties often accompany health problems, yet this issue at least in the short term would not be easily
measured.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Always
Someti…
Rarely
Never
27
33
30
10
University students (%)
Young people who save by virtue of frequency
0
10
20
30
40
Objectives, 40
Unforeseen, 10
Regulate budget
spending, 10
Not answered, 40
Universitystudents(%)
Motives that lead young people to achieve or not achieve the
financial planning
9. Analysis of Financial Behavior
www.irjes.com 63 | Page
To conclude the discussion of the data, it is necessary to remember that financial planning is a recent issue.
After all, if you can quote the 1980 to 1990 Brazil was experiencing a severe economic crisis. And the behavior,
as soon as you receive the salary, and go supermarket to secure the purchase of the month before the amount
received was damaged by inflation, besides not being necessary, shaped a generation that does not think long
term, and do not worry about planning. Therefore, some of the data shows traces of this situation, but also point
changes, the Real Plan has a stable economy and the government became concerned with the issue, as evidence
was created the decree of the National Strategy for Financial Education – ENEF, in Portuguese.
Although the recent economic downturn has encouraged discussion in this sense. The facility to
achieve credit was revised, which indirectly forces the public to maintain some control of financial resources,
and also motivates organs such as the SPC and the BM&FBOVESPA institutions that have been cited in the
literature review, providing data and tools such as spreadsheet management personnel presented. Finally, the
issues of personal finance is visible in young university students, and continue with the studies it becomes clear
that this situation can be well observed.
XII. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
Personal Finance is a vast subject, so that the classic strand and the behavioral aspects were based, and
was continued in order to involve the university student as important member to make decision of personal and
family financial management.
It was considered that population research with a focus on university student and family, because
directly or indirectly they impact the domestic budget, but mostly because it will soon own the big decisions
hands.
Not intended to measure the standard of life of young people. Thus the lines that make up this article
again to see the impact that the financial behavior of university students in the cause of their own finances and
family and came to the conclusion they are concerned about the domestic budget, especially in view of the debt,
after all the planning is a good way to avoid them.
Does not mean that the level bad debt tends to decrease, as it was also found that there is a gap between
plan and follow the plan, beyond shyness in promoting financial education free from government.
On the first goal can be observed that sixty percent of respondents do a plan and who there is a
tendency of saving regularly. Therefore, this self-discipline from the point of view of behavioral finance and
financial education shows a young man who undoubtedly will reach more and more long-term goals. For the
second objective was mentioned a spreadsheet household budget, so consonant with the same point.
In summary, the population does not attend to the domestic budget, and when the debts come together,
control is more difficult. However, this situation tends to change, after all the economy is stable and people are
more informed every day. Already the university student has the opportunity to learn from research, or on an
internship accompanied by a mentor on the importance of planning and following the plan.
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