This document provides an overview of a university course on Information and Communications Technology for Development (ICTD) in practice. It outlines the course framework, including conceptual weeks covering topics like development and ICTD, and practical skills weeks like project management, infrastructure, health, education and governance. It then discusses project implementation best practices using the example of ITC e-Choupal in India. Key factors in its successful implementation included building trust, meeting local needs, appropriate technology, leveraging local structures, and incremental rollout. The document concludes with an introduction to monitoring and evaluation, describing different types of evaluation, purposes, indicators and methods.

1. i190 Spring 2014: Information and Communications Technology
for Development (ICTD) in Practice
University of California Berkeley, School of Information
LECTURE 22: 21 Apr 2014
Instructor: San Ng (www.sanng.com)
Class Website: i190spring2014.sanng.com

2. i190 Framework
Conceptual
Week1: Introduction to Course
W2: What is Development?
W3: What is ICTD
W4: Who Does What in Practice?
Mapping the ICTD
Landscape
i190
ICTD in
Practice:
Core Skills
Technical
(eApplications)
W5: Overarching Issues of
eApplications
W6: Infrastructure, Telecenters,
Agriculture,
W7: Revisiting Agriculture,,
W8 : e-Health, Education
W9: eGovernance
Microfinance
Management
W10: Break
W11: Intro to Project Management
Planning and Assessment
W12: Initiating: Design, Scheduling,
Budgeting, HR
W13: Implementation
W14: Monitoring and Evaluation/
Next Cycle
W15: Final Projects &
Wrap Up

3. Introduction to Project Management
Planning
Initiation
Implementation
Monitoring & Evaluation
Next Phase? Transformation?

4. Implementation- Best Practices
Case: ITC e-Choupal: What are the needs/problems
that this ICTD project is trying to address?

5. Implementation- Best Practices
Case: ITC e-Choupal
What made
implementation
successful?
•Trust: choice
•Meets Needs: Clear
Value
•Appropriate Tech:
Simplicity of
technology, new and
old tech
•Local structures and
systems
•Incremental Roll out
•Mission-based

6. Implementation-IT requirements/User Design
Case: ITC e-Choupal

7. Implementation-IT requirements/User Design
Case: ITC e-Choupal

8. Implementation- Complex Environments
Case: Competing for Development (A)
•If you were Ghazialam, would you go ahead with the
$65,000 investment?
•What are the key tradeoffs? What would an ‘ideal’
outcome look like?

9. Implementation- Complex Environments
Case: Competing for Development (B1-6)
6 groups
Role play exercise: Make the case within your role for
the $65,000 investment

10. Introduction to Project Management
Planning
Initiation
Implementation
Monitoring & Evaluation
Next Phase? Transformation?

11. Different Types of Evaluation and Performance Measurement
Program Level Organization Level Community and
Societal level
Wikipedia
Case

12. Evaluation Purpose
Measuring program effectiveness
Determining if a program meets its objectives
TYPES
*baselines
Formative
*ongoing
* feedback
* changing
the program
Summative
* look at final outcomes
*impacts
* cut or keep

13. OTHER PURPOSES
* compliance
* legitimacy
* certification
* lessons learned
* check for unintended consequences
* benchmarking
* more money
* white wash and eye wash p
* kill a project
* political attack
* new opportunities
* protection and self interest
* melt down indicators

14. EVALUATION CHECK LIST
WHEN IS EVALUATION WORTH DOING?
* Who Wants This and What Decision Do They Want to Make?
(lessons learned)
* Are the Impediments Manageable?
(resources, objectives, agreement, special issues)
* Is there Political Support?
(general support)
THE REGULAR COMPONENTS OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS
* Purpose and Objectives
* Indicators
* Design
* Data and Utilization
* Problems

15. EVALUATION ACTOR MAPPING
BOARD
OR
LEGISLATORS
OTHER
STAFF
OR DEPTS.
TOP MGMT
PROGRAM
PARTICIPANTS
PROGRAM STAFF
PRESS OR
COMMUNITY
DONORS
MIDDLE
MGMT.
OUTSIDERS
FOR
TEACHING
PURPOSES

16. RANGE OF INDICATORS
FEELINGS DO YOU TRUST THESE
INPUTS PEOPLE/
PROCESS involvement/coordination
OUTCOMES
(INTERMEDIATE) INCREASED INCOME
(FINAL) X LEVEL OF CONTANIMATION
EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY lbs. Of fish/$ $/lbs. Of fish
SPAN AND SCOPE OF COVERAGE % target population served
SATISFACTION customer satisfaction/ commercia
IMPACTS (sustainable) measurable change/ broader/
(PROGRAM CAUSED OUTCOME) longer term

17. * HOW WOULD YOU ASSURE THAT YOUR
RESULTS WERE VALID AND RELIABLE?
RELIABLITY-- DO YOU GET THE SAME RESULT
TIME AFTER TIME.
VALIDITY-- UNBIASED COMPARED TO A STANDARD

18. What is the purpose of a research design?
* tailored to each problem
* to answer very specific questions
* weigh benefits and costs and resources
* can allow cross comparison
* was it the program that made the difference?

19. Using Evaluation Results-- Style Differences
Academic Style
* Slow
* Scientific
Method
* Clear Objectives
* Careful Study
* Written Communication
* Precision
* Academic Reference Group
Managerial Style
* Pressure to Decide
* Many Simultaneous
+Fragmented Tasks
* Competing Objectives
* Action
* Verbal Communication
* Incomplete Date
* Managerial Reference Group
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
S
* TIME * VERY RIGOROUS * IRRELEVANT
* FORMAT * NOT RIGOROUS * COMMUNICATION

20. DESIGN TYPES
PRE EXPERIMENTAL (PE)
* Goals verses Performance
* Before and After 0 X 0
QUASI EXPERIMENTAL (QE)
* Time Series 01 02 03 04
* Non Equivalent Control Group
01 X 02
03 04
* Multiple Time Series
01 02 X 03 04
05 06 07 08
EXPERIMENTAL
* Two Group Pre and Post Test
01 X 02
R
03 04
* Post Test Only
X 01
R
02
* Solomon Four
01 X 02
03 04
X 05
06
R

21. Some of the More Common Methods
* Balanced Score Cards and Other Overall General Assessments
* Goals vs. Performance and also Cost and Efficiency
* Outcome Assessment
* Benchmarking
* Best Practice
* Rapid Assessment Tools
(quicker and dirtier rather than deeper)
* More based on sampling than 100% study

22. DATA COLLECTION METHODS
* General Statistical Analysis
* Cost Benefit/ Rates of Return
* Simulations
* Content Analysis
* Record Reviews
* Unobtrusive Measures
* Group Observation
* Surveys and Testing
* Personal Interviews
* Participation Observation
* Case Studies
LESS
INTRUSIVE
MORE
INTRUSIVE
THE ETERNAL
TRIANGLE
Precision
Cost Complexity

23. Measureable
Indicators
Types of Data
needed
Data Collection
Methods/Frequency for
M&E
Overriding Goal
Objectives (at
least 4)
​Instructions: Everyone was pleasantly shocked by these successful results.
However, the founder ​Jimbo Wales intuitively knows that the number of
articles per se does not measure Wikipedia's success completely, especially
since Wikipedia began with a completely different set of goals/activities and
became 'successful' only organically. He wants to hire you to determine a
sound methodology to evaluate Wikipedia's success. He wants you to design
a Logical Framework for Wikipedia (based on what we already learned in
class), with indicators he can measure to determine Wikipedia progress and
success. He has given us a sample template that we will discuss and
brainstorm in class: