i need 1 paragraph with each topic about 200 words in each paragraph with up to date references. this is the scenario to use HSA 515 Week 10 Lecture: End-of-Life Issues and Professional Liability Insurance Slide # Scene/Interaction Narration Slide 1 Scene 1 Professor Charles enters classroom and introduces the topics for today’s lesson and begins the lecture. Prof Charles : Hello everyone. Welcome back to our final day of class. Today, we are going to discuss end-of-life issues and professional liability insurance. Advances in medical technology have resulted in the power to prolong a productive life as well as delay inevitable death. A longer survival involves considerable cost and can therefore be a financial burden to the family and the government. Is it worth it? As long as we are alive we have value. We will discuss the patient’s autonomy and one’s right to choose when to proceed with treatment or discontinue it. Let’s first discuss end-of-life issues. Does medical ethics require a patient’s life be preserved at all costs and in all circumstances? Casey: No. The ethical integrity of the medical profession allows for competent patients to decide for themselves whether a particular treatment is in their best interest. Donald : I’d like to add that competent patients have the right to determine what shall be done with their body and a surgeon who performs surgery on a conscious competent patient must practice informed consent. Most cases dealing with euthanasia speak of the necessity that a physician diagnose a patient as being either in a persistent vegetative state or terminally ill. Casey : In addition to what has already been noted, I would say that court involvement would be mandated only to appoint a guardian in one of the following cases: Family members disagree as to the incompetent’s wishes; Physicians disagree on the prognosis; or The patient’s wishes cannot be known because he or she always has been incompetent. Prof. Charles: Absolutely….Traditionally, what is the definition of death? Casey: The courts used Black’s Law Dictionary definition: cessation of respiration, heartbeat, and certain indications of central nervous system activity, such as respiration and pulse. Now, with modern technology sustaining these systems, the present definition of death is the irreversible cessation of brain function. Prof. Charles : Excellent. What rights does an incompetent person have regarding end-of-life issues? Donald: There was a case, Belchertown State School v. Saikewicz, which held that such different factors as the patient’s mental impairment and his or her medical prognosis with or without treatment must be considered before judicial approval is necessary to withdraw or withhold treatment from an incompetent patient. Saikewicz was a mentally retarded sixty-seven year old man with leukemia and a grim prognosis. The court appointed a guardian recommended to the court after the court allowed the chemothera.