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Walking in Camberwell
City of Boroondara
Hywel Rowlands
Matthew Austin
• Overview
• Plan development
• Infrastructure
• Behaviour change
• Results
Partnership between
• Australian Governments Liveable Cities Program
• Department of Transport Planning Local Infrastructure
• Boroondara Council (plus 3 other Councils)
The Principal Pedestrian
Network Demonstration project
Google
Camberwell Junction Activity Area
Objectives
• Increase the number of walk trips
• Reduce private car use
• Apply and assess the Principal Pedestrian Network methodology
• Deliver infrastructure and behaviour change
How do we increase walking participation?
How do we reduce car use?
Plan Development
Corridor
selection
Research
Surveys Modelling
Audits
Research
• Complete gaps - paths/crossings etc
• Remove risky locations and reduce speed
• Direct paths that are convenient to walk
• Trees and green space
• Amenity and information
• Car share (reducing car ownership)
• Behaviour change initiatives
Count Surveys
• 15,000 pedestrian
recorded through a
cordon around
Camberwell Junction
precinct
(12 hour pedestrian counts – 20 locations)
Camberwell Station
Camberwell Junction
Questionnaire Surveys
• Origin
• Mode of transport
• Transport choice
• Trip purpose
• Trip frequency
• Spend
Half of all respondents travelled by car,
20% identified that walking was an option
Walking could accommodate
>30% mode share,
Pedestrians visit the most
often and spent the most
money annually
(Questionnaire Surveys 2012)
Modelling
The GIS model simply aggregates
the most direct catchment paths
Paths are weighted by their
respective population catchment
2
3
2
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
5
11
6
6
9
18
1
2
1
3
2
Weekday Weekend
Factor = modelled population/pedestrian counts
1
Cookson Street corridor
Camberwell Road corridor
Cookson Street Corridor
Connects to
• Trains
• Trams
• Shops
• Employment
• Schools
• Parks
Cookson Street near Camberwell Station
Before After
Cookson Street
Before After
Cookson Street Corner adjacent Read Gardens
Before After
Before
East Camberwell Station
Before After
Further resolution required
• No ped crashes
• 2000 vph
• Vehicle every 2
seconds
• 60 km/h road
• 1/3 pedestrians
run to crossTowards
Camberwell Station
Towards East
Camberwell Station
Camberwell Road corridor
Connects to
• Trains
• Trams
• Library
• Shops
• Employment
• Schools
• Parks
• Council
Offices
Before
After After
Google
Just the mere presence of trees and greenery
has the effect of enticing more people to walk
and exercise (Wolf, 2010)
Trees were variables that parents considered
when allowing their child to walk (Naderi and
Kim, 2006)
The likelihood of walking or biking to school
was positively associated with …… street
trees (Larsen et al, 2009)
More greenery was associated with being
physically active and not being overweight or
obese (Ellaway et al, 2005)
Trees encourage physical activity
Evidence indicates that landscaping/trees in urban
streets/arterials can reduce speeds and crashes
(Naderi, J.R. 2003) (Mok, J.-H., H. C. Landphair, and J. R. Naderi. 2006) (Lee, J., and F. Mannering. 1999) (Dumbaugh, E.
2005) (Chinn L and Elliott M. 2002) (Naderi, J.R., B.S. Kweon, and P. Meghalel. 2008)
Trees, when located on both sides of the street, create a
sense of enclosure that discourages drivers from speeding
U.S. Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration.
Trees can reduce speed/crashes
The lack of seating is a barrier (Stahla et al, 2013)
Seat every 200-300
metres implemented
After
Wayfinding
Car share
Since joining the car share scheme in Boroondara:
• 8.7% had sold a car,
• 21.7% had avoided buying a car
• 23% walk more
• 27% cycle more
Behaviour change
Program Development
Change
program
Behavioural
Elements
Design Principles
Research
More Research
Behavioural
Economics
Gamification
Communications
Strategy
• Enjoyment and fun
• Autonomy
• Reciprocity
• Commitment
• Prompts
• Incentives
• Social proof / norming
• Habits
Behavioural Elements
• Driver Frustrations
• Normalise walking
• Loss aversion
• Avoid being anti-car
• Social activities
• Fun and enjoyment
• Short distances
• Small changes
• Local business
Design Principles
Pilot round
Communications
Generating buzz
Loss aversion prize draw
• $750 first prize – 17-20 walks per week
• $200 second prize – 14-16 walks per week
• $50 third prize – 10-13 walks per week
Local business incentives
• Featured businesses for one week each
• Discount or other reward for visiting
• Business gets free marketing and potential customers
directed there
Loss aversion
incentives
• Available on iPhones and Android
• GPS to track trips
• Records distance, time and compares with others
• Friends
• 154 unique visitors to website
• 55 people regularly receive emails
• 16 participants
…total distance logged via MapMyWalk: 725km
Pilot round results
725 km
• MapMyWalk was difficult to use
• Financial incentives and rewards did not resonate
• Local shopping incentives did not motivate
Lessons learnt
• Bupa partnership – promotion, prizes, Bupa Ground Miles
• Increased focus on health benefits of walking
• Decreased focus on incentives and local shopping
Second round
• Gamification elements
• Badges
• Awards
• Leaderboard
• Shows daily progress
• Easy to use, no need to
log specific walks
Bupa Ground Miles
After twelve weeks:
• 500+ unique visitors to website
• 135 people regularly received emails
• 52 people using the app
…total distance logged:
10,004km
Second round results
10,004 km
Media
Results
• 20% increase in weekday walking along the
Cookson Street Corridor (40% on a Saturday)
• 100% increase in walking along the
Camberwell Road Corridor (200% on a Saturday)
Preliminary walking increase
Pilot initiative –
• 750 kilometres walked in 12 weeks
Second round –
• 10,000 kilometres walked in 12 weeks
Try Walking participation
• 88% of these participants indicated that
they walk more often
• 64% indicated that they drove less
Try Walking participants
HEAT analysis – WHO
Assumptions
Value of statistical life in Australia – $3.5m
Crude mortality rate in Australia – 550 per 100,000
Infrastructure life – 30 years
Cookson Street Camberwell Road
Initial count 808 1100
Interim count 982 2181
Proportion (conservative) 75% 33%
Mean distance 800m 500m
Total cost $461,000 $330,000
Cost / Benefit 1:6 1:14
Focus on walking corridors to access a destination
Latent demand can be evaluated and best value achieved
Behaviour change promoted walking and the improvements
Self-efficacy – building belief in ones ability
Almost everyone is supportive of improving walking conditions
A mode shift to walking can be achieved and this
should be integral in managing our health,
environmental, traffic and parking challenges
In summary
Brochure
Thank you

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Hywel Rowlands

  • 1. Walking in Camberwell City of Boroondara Hywel Rowlands Matthew Austin
  • 2. • Overview • Plan development • Infrastructure • Behaviour change • Results
  • 3. Partnership between • Australian Governments Liveable Cities Program • Department of Transport Planning Local Infrastructure • Boroondara Council (plus 3 other Councils) The Principal Pedestrian Network Demonstration project
  • 5. Objectives • Increase the number of walk trips • Reduce private car use • Apply and assess the Principal Pedestrian Network methodology • Deliver infrastructure and behaviour change
  • 6. How do we increase walking participation? How do we reduce car use?
  • 8. Research • Complete gaps - paths/crossings etc • Remove risky locations and reduce speed • Direct paths that are convenient to walk • Trees and green space • Amenity and information • Car share (reducing car ownership) • Behaviour change initiatives
  • 9. Count Surveys • 15,000 pedestrian recorded through a cordon around Camberwell Junction precinct (12 hour pedestrian counts – 20 locations) Camberwell Station Camberwell Junction
  • 10. Questionnaire Surveys • Origin • Mode of transport • Transport choice • Trip purpose • Trip frequency • Spend
  • 11. Half of all respondents travelled by car, 20% identified that walking was an option Walking could accommodate >30% mode share,
  • 12. Pedestrians visit the most often and spent the most money annually (Questionnaire Surveys 2012)
  • 13. Modelling The GIS model simply aggregates the most direct catchment paths Paths are weighted by their respective population catchment
  • 16. Cookson Street Corridor Connects to • Trains • Trams • Shops • Employment • Schools • Parks
  • 17. Cookson Street near Camberwell Station Before After
  • 19. Cookson Street Corner adjacent Read Gardens Before After Before
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  • 39. Further resolution required • No ped crashes • 2000 vph • Vehicle every 2 seconds • 60 km/h road • 1/3 pedestrians run to crossTowards Camberwell Station Towards East Camberwell Station
  • 40. Camberwell Road corridor Connects to • Trains • Trams • Library • Shops • Employment • Schools • Parks • Council Offices
  • 42. Just the mere presence of trees and greenery has the effect of enticing more people to walk and exercise (Wolf, 2010) Trees were variables that parents considered when allowing their child to walk (Naderi and Kim, 2006) The likelihood of walking or biking to school was positively associated with …… street trees (Larsen et al, 2009) More greenery was associated with being physically active and not being overweight or obese (Ellaway et al, 2005) Trees encourage physical activity
  • 43. Evidence indicates that landscaping/trees in urban streets/arterials can reduce speeds and crashes (Naderi, J.R. 2003) (Mok, J.-H., H. C. Landphair, and J. R. Naderi. 2006) (Lee, J., and F. Mannering. 1999) (Dumbaugh, E. 2005) (Chinn L and Elliott M. 2002) (Naderi, J.R., B.S. Kweon, and P. Meghalel. 2008) Trees, when located on both sides of the street, create a sense of enclosure that discourages drivers from speeding U.S. Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration. Trees can reduce speed/crashes
  • 44. The lack of seating is a barrier (Stahla et al, 2013) Seat every 200-300 metres implemented After
  • 46. Car share Since joining the car share scheme in Boroondara: • 8.7% had sold a car, • 21.7% had avoided buying a car • 23% walk more • 27% cycle more
  • 48. Program Development Change program Behavioural Elements Design Principles Research More Research Behavioural Economics Gamification Communications Strategy
  • 49. • Enjoyment and fun • Autonomy • Reciprocity • Commitment • Prompts • Incentives • Social proof / norming • Habits Behavioural Elements
  • 50. • Driver Frustrations • Normalise walking • Loss aversion • Avoid being anti-car • Social activities • Fun and enjoyment • Short distances • Small changes • Local business Design Principles
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  • 55. Loss aversion prize draw • $750 first prize – 17-20 walks per week • $200 second prize – 14-16 walks per week • $50 third prize – 10-13 walks per week Local business incentives • Featured businesses for one week each • Discount or other reward for visiting • Business gets free marketing and potential customers directed there Loss aversion incentives
  • 56. • Available on iPhones and Android • GPS to track trips • Records distance, time and compares with others • Friends
  • 57. • 154 unique visitors to website • 55 people regularly receive emails • 16 participants …total distance logged via MapMyWalk: 725km Pilot round results 725 km
  • 58. • MapMyWalk was difficult to use • Financial incentives and rewards did not resonate • Local shopping incentives did not motivate Lessons learnt
  • 59. • Bupa partnership – promotion, prizes, Bupa Ground Miles • Increased focus on health benefits of walking • Decreased focus on incentives and local shopping Second round
  • 60. • Gamification elements • Badges • Awards • Leaderboard • Shows daily progress • Easy to use, no need to log specific walks Bupa Ground Miles
  • 61. After twelve weeks: • 500+ unique visitors to website • 135 people regularly received emails • 52 people using the app …total distance logged: 10,004km Second round results 10,004 km
  • 62. Media
  • 64. • 20% increase in weekday walking along the Cookson Street Corridor (40% on a Saturday) • 100% increase in walking along the Camberwell Road Corridor (200% on a Saturday) Preliminary walking increase
  • 65. Pilot initiative – • 750 kilometres walked in 12 weeks Second round – • 10,000 kilometres walked in 12 weeks Try Walking participation
  • 66. • 88% of these participants indicated that they walk more often • 64% indicated that they drove less Try Walking participants
  • 67. HEAT analysis – WHO Assumptions Value of statistical life in Australia – $3.5m Crude mortality rate in Australia – 550 per 100,000 Infrastructure life – 30 years Cookson Street Camberwell Road Initial count 808 1100 Interim count 982 2181 Proportion (conservative) 75% 33% Mean distance 800m 500m Total cost $461,000 $330,000 Cost / Benefit 1:6 1:14
  • 68. Focus on walking corridors to access a destination Latent demand can be evaluated and best value achieved Behaviour change promoted walking and the improvements Self-efficacy – building belief in ones ability Almost everyone is supportive of improving walking conditions A mode shift to walking can be achieved and this should be integral in managing our health, environmental, traffic and parking challenges In summary

Editor's Notes

  1. Subjective distance, walking 20% of respondents had walked – screenlines indicate approximately 15,000 walking legs (trips) 10% extra could add 7,000-8,000 pedestrian trips a day
  2. Urbanites all over the world are highly energy conscious when it comes to saving their own energy when walking. They cross streets where it is most natural for them, avoid detours, obstacles, stairs and steps, and prefer direct lines of walking everywhere (Gehl, 2010)
  3. 800 pedestrians a day along Cookson Street Urban designer Traffic engineer Transport planner Behaviourologist Residents
  4. The change since introduction…..change in behaviour
  5. http://depts.washington.edu/hhwb/Thm_SafeStreets.html
  6. Respondents to Transport for London surveys indicated that wayfinding had not only assisted walking journeys but had also encouraged walking (AIG, 2006)
  7. GHD consultants were engaged to help design the program.
  8. In conjunction with Cookson street improvements the pilot project targeted residents near Cookson Street
  9. Language used – conversational rather than corporate Emphasise freedom, pride and excitement
  10. Searched long and hard for an app, and settled on MapMyWalk. No off the shelf app was perfect. To develop an app was not really in the realm of this project (plus very expensive). Groups allow us to send notifications to our group members. Friends allows us to see their activity. The app allows us to validate trips and automatically log trips.
  11. Last point - promote via local health providers (e.g. physios) including brochures and posters in practices
  12. Last point - promote via local health providers (e.g. physios) including brochures and posters in practices
  13. App builds self efficacy – knowledge that walking short distances is achievable
  14. Key message is that this has enabled self efficacy (understanding of your ability to take a task) in that participants are aware of the distances they walk during the day and think nothing of walking these distances for their transport needs.
  15. Also participants approved of the new infrastructure.
  16. Almost everyone underestimates the value of walking Almost everyone is supportive of more walkable environments Road authorities are extremely challenged to improve conditions for pedestrians over traffic Phone technology is not a barrier, ease of using the software is critical Health is the prime motivator and not the financial rewards/prizes