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1. HYPOTHESIS AND ITS IMPORTANCE
NAME- SHUBHASHIS MONDAL
STUDENT CODE- BWU/BRI/22/117
PROGRAM NAME- BMRIT
COURSE NAME- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
COURSE CODE- BMRITC606

2. Introduction of Hypothesis
Hypothesis are define as the formal statement of the
tentative or expected prediction or explanation of the
relationship between two or more variable under study.
A hypothesis in medical research helps to translate the
research problem and objective into a clear explanation or
prediction of the expected result or out come of the study.
Ex: Students who receive counselling will show a greater
increase in creativity than students not receiving counselling

3. Types of hypothesis
Different types of hypotheses:
Simple hypothesis.
Complex hypothesis.
Null hypothesis.
Alternative hypothesis

4. Simple hypothesis
• A simple hypothesis predicts a relationship between one
independent variable (IV) and one dependent variable (DV)
Ex: Administering 500 mg of paracetamol reduces body temperature in
patients with fever.
Ex: smoking leads to cancers.
• The higher ratio of unemployment lead to crime.

5. Complex Hypothesis
• A complex hypothesis is a type of hypothesis that predicts a
relationship involving two or more independent variables (IVs),
dependent variables (DVs).
• Helps in studying interactions between multiple factors.
Ex: Dietary changes and regular exercise reduce blood sugar levels and
cholesterol in diabetic patients.
Ex: Smoking and alcohol consumption increase the risk of heart disease
and liver damage.

6. Null Hypothesis(H )
₀
• A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect, no
difference, or no relationship between two or more variables in a
study.
• It acts as the default or starting assumption in statistical testing,
and researchers aim to reject it in order to support an alternative
hypothesis.
Ex: The vaccine does not reduce the infection rate compared to no
vaccination

7. Alternative hypothesis(Ha)
• The alternative hypothesis is a statement that suggests there is an
effect, difference, or relationship between variables.
• The alternative hypothesis says “something is happening
• Can be directional (predicts the direction of change) or non-
directional (just predicts a difference)
Ex: The new vaccine reduces the risk of infection more effectively than
the standard vaccine.

8. Characteristics of hypothesis
• Hypothesis should be clear and precise. If the hypothesis is not clear and
precise, the inferences drawn on its basis cannot be taken as reliable.
• Hypothesis should be capable of being tested.
• Hypothesis should state relationship between variables, if it happens to
be a relational hypothesis.
• Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific. A
researcher must remember that narrower hypotheses are generally more
testable and he should develop such hypotheses.
• Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so
that the same is easily understandable by all concerned .

9. Important of hypothesis
• It gives the study a clear direction and focus.
• identify what the researcher aims to investigate or prove
• In applied fields like medicine or policy-making, it guides practical
decisions
• Encourages follow-up studies and in-depth exploration
• Reduces the chance of irrelevant findings or bias
• Keeps the researcher from straying off-topic or collecting
unnecessary data.

10. THANK YOU