This document proposes a new model called Hyper-MSpace (HMSpace) to analyze complex, evolving business spaces with heterogeneous agents. HMSpace is a multi-layered structure consisting of multiple, interconnected MSpaces. Each MSpace models a type of agent and its evolution based on dimensions. Agents can influence each other across MSpaces. The model aims to provide navigation between layers and analyze agent interactions and transitional evolutions. A case study is provided to demonstrate HMSpace's capabilities for exploring complex, real-world business spaces composed of diverse, interdependent agents.
Multiple representations can benefit learning complex scientific concepts by providing complementary information and supporting different cognitive processes. The document discusses two educational simulations, SimQuest and PAKMA, that use multiple representations like diagrams, graphs, animations and equations to teach forces and motion. These representations complement each other by displaying different relevant information, like showing how values change over time in graphs but providing constant values numerically. They also support different ways of understanding, like seeing patterns in tables or quantitative relationships in equations. However, multiple representations can also overload learners if not implemented carefully.
Time underlies many interesting human behaviors. Thus, the question of
how to represent time in connectionist models is very important. One
approach is to represent time implicitly by its effects on processing rather
than explicitly (as in a spatial representation). The current report develops
a proposal along these lines first described by Jordan (1986) which
involves the use of recurrent links in order to provide networks with a
dynamic memory. In this approach, hidden unit patterns are fed back to
themselves; the internal representations which develop thus reflect task
demands in the context of prior internal states. A set of simulations is
reported which range from relatively simple problems (temporal version
of XOR) to discovering syntactic/semantic features for words. The
networks are able to learn interesting internal representations which
incorporate task demands with memory demands; indeed, in this approach
the notion of memory is inextricably bound up with task processing. These
representations reveal a rich structure, which allows them to be highly
context-dependent while also expressing generalizations across classes of
items. These representations suggest a method for representing lexical
categories and the type/token distinction.
The document discusses several major analytical techniques in geography: (i) cognitive geography analyzes mental maps and environmental perception; (ii) morphometric analysis quantitatively describes landforms; (iii) spatio-temporal approaches represent and understand phenomena over space and time. It also discusses (v) functional and ecological analysis which studies connections between human and environmental variables within ecosystems.
- The document discusses designing a new print for Cath Kidston, focusing on brand values, style, and creating a unique yet appealing design for their target audience.
- Research includes examining Cath Kidston's existing designs, competitors, and potential themes like British travel, festivals, and vintage styles.
- Initial concepts incorporate British symbols like the Queen's head and Union Jack flag with Cath Kidston's colors and themes. The design process then shifts to exploring London Underground and British countryside ideas.
Multiple Truths of the Semantic Web - Web Science 2013gloriakt
This document summarizes a presentation about the multiple truths that can exist on the semantic web. It discusses Foucault's views that truth is linked to power structures and can change. It argues that while the semantic web aims to create complete knowledge graphs, these graphs will not be absolute or consistent due to differing views, facts, and ideologies among people. However, the open world assumption and three As principle of the semantic web (anyone can say anything about any topic) allow for multiple truths to co-exist on the digital platform.
1) The document compares the development of native mobile apps to hybrid mobile apps built with frameworks like PhoneGap and Intel App Framework.
2) It describes a case study where a water company in Brazil developed both a native and hybrid mobile app to allow customers to report issues.
3) User testing found that 76.67% of users did not notice a difference between the native and hybrid apps, showing that hybrid development can be a viable lower-cost alternative to native development.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for lawyers. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you've improved your legal knowledge. For each question, it offers steps and guidelines for effective answers, including giving relevant background, connecting your experience to the role, and providing evidence without criticizing past employers or colleagues. Sample answers are provided for questions about strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving a job, knowledge of the organization, and professional development.
Multiple representations can benefit learning complex scientific concepts by providing complementary information and supporting different cognitive processes. The document discusses two educational simulations, SimQuest and PAKMA, that use multiple representations like diagrams, graphs, animations and equations to teach forces and motion. These representations complement each other by displaying different relevant information, like showing how values change over time in graphs but providing constant values numerically. They also support different ways of understanding, like seeing patterns in tables or quantitative relationships in equations. However, multiple representations can also overload learners if not implemented carefully.
Time underlies many interesting human behaviors. Thus, the question of
how to represent time in connectionist models is very important. One
approach is to represent time implicitly by its effects on processing rather
than explicitly (as in a spatial representation). The current report develops
a proposal along these lines first described by Jordan (1986) which
involves the use of recurrent links in order to provide networks with a
dynamic memory. In this approach, hidden unit patterns are fed back to
themselves; the internal representations which develop thus reflect task
demands in the context of prior internal states. A set of simulations is
reported which range from relatively simple problems (temporal version
of XOR) to discovering syntactic/semantic features for words. The
networks are able to learn interesting internal representations which
incorporate task demands with memory demands; indeed, in this approach
the notion of memory is inextricably bound up with task processing. These
representations reveal a rich structure, which allows them to be highly
context-dependent while also expressing generalizations across classes of
items. These representations suggest a method for representing lexical
categories and the type/token distinction.
The document discusses several major analytical techniques in geography: (i) cognitive geography analyzes mental maps and environmental perception; (ii) morphometric analysis quantitatively describes landforms; (iii) spatio-temporal approaches represent and understand phenomena over space and time. It also discusses (v) functional and ecological analysis which studies connections between human and environmental variables within ecosystems.
- The document discusses designing a new print for Cath Kidston, focusing on brand values, style, and creating a unique yet appealing design for their target audience.
- Research includes examining Cath Kidston's existing designs, competitors, and potential themes like British travel, festivals, and vintage styles.
- Initial concepts incorporate British symbols like the Queen's head and Union Jack flag with Cath Kidston's colors and themes. The design process then shifts to exploring London Underground and British countryside ideas.
Multiple Truths of the Semantic Web - Web Science 2013gloriakt
This document summarizes a presentation about the multiple truths that can exist on the semantic web. It discusses Foucault's views that truth is linked to power structures and can change. It argues that while the semantic web aims to create complete knowledge graphs, these graphs will not be absolute or consistent due to differing views, facts, and ideologies among people. However, the open world assumption and three As principle of the semantic web (anyone can say anything about any topic) allow for multiple truths to co-exist on the digital platform.
1) The document compares the development of native mobile apps to hybrid mobile apps built with frameworks like PhoneGap and Intel App Framework.
2) It describes a case study where a water company in Brazil developed both a native and hybrid mobile app to allow customers to report issues.
3) User testing found that 76.67% of users did not notice a difference between the native and hybrid apps, showing that hybrid development can be a viable lower-cost alternative to native development.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for lawyers. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you've improved your legal knowledge. For each question, it offers steps and guidelines for effective answers, including giving relevant background, connecting your experience to the role, and providing evidence without criticizing past employers or colleagues. Sample answers are provided for questions about strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving a job, knowledge of the organization, and professional development.
This document provides an overview of a project focused on vintage shops and items in Nottingham, England. It discusses researching various vintage goods like clothing, letters, postcards, and magazines. It also maps out several vintage shops located in Nottingham city center and considers designing a postcard or map highlighting their locations. The goal is to capture different eras and styles of vintage items from the 1920s to 20 years ago using colors like pinks, blues, yellows and greens. Prototypes are shown of a simple map marked with vintage clothing items to indicate shop locations.
This document provides product details for the St. Augustine Coffee Table from Peters-Revington. The table is made of oak and slate materials with metal legs and costs $566.99. It measures 19" tall by 42" wide by 42" deep and weighs 150 pounds. Reviews praise the table's sturdiness and quality of materials. The St. Augustine collection also includes matching end tables and storage cabinets.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for a Maintenance Supervisor position. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you have improved your skills. For each question, it offers steps to prepare such as researching the employer, having relevant examples, and relating your answers to the job requirements. Sample answers are provided for questions about work experience, leadership abilities, motivation for the role, and continuous learning.
An Sna-Bi Based System for Evaluating Virtual Teams: A Software Development P...ijcsit
The dependence of today's collaborative projects on knowledge acquisition and information dissemination
emphasizes the importance of minimizing communication breakdowns. However, as organizations are
increasingly relying on virtual teams to deliver better and faster results, communication issues come to the
forefront of project managers' concerns. This is particularly palpable in software development projects
which are increasingly virtual and knowledge-consuming as they require continuous generation and
upgrade of shared information and knowledge. In a previous work, we proposed an SNA-BI based system
(Covirtsys) that supplements the Analytics modules of the collaborative platform in order to offer a
complementary analysis of communication flows through a network perspective. This paper concerns the
application of this system on a software development project virtual team and shows how it can bring new
insights that could help overcome communication issues among team members.
Study On Decision-Making For Café Management Alternativesijcsit
In recent years, many new cafés have emerged onto the market. Other than view cafés, beautiful cafés that
seem as if they came from Paris or New York have gradually appeared in leisure and quiet residential
areas, in alleyways, in peripheral areas, and in local commercial areas. In particular, leisure is trendy at
present, and modern restaurants innovate in terms of their food, leisure, and consumption. Unlike
traditional restaurants, they are able to develop into cafés with unique styles to attract consumers. Even
though not all of these new cafés are successful, as cafés are an industry that is at the forefront of fashion,
many individuals who dream of entrepreneurship would want to open a café. However, as there are many
types of cafés on the market, what type and style of cafés are the most suitable? An overview of cafés in
Taiwan shows that each café offer unique services and functions to attract consumers, which is the key to
sustainable operations of cafés. Therefore, this study explores the decisions of companies when choosing
the style for their cafés. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the selection of
café styles, in order to provide references for café operators to achieve successful and sustainable
operations. Based on literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study intends to provide useful
results to the operators of cafés
SFAMSS:A S ECURE F RAMEWORK F OR ATM M ACHINES V IA S ECRET S HARINGijcsit
As ATM applications deploy for a banking system, th
e need to secure communications will become critica
l.
However, multicast protocols do not fit the point-t
o-point model of most network security protocols wh
ich
were designed with unicast communications in mind.
In recent years, we have seen the emergence and the
growing of ATMs (Automatic Teller Machines) in bank
ing systems. Many banks are extending their activit
y
and increasing transactions by using ATMs. ATM will
allow them to reach more customers in a cost
effective way and to make their transactions fast a
nd efficient. However, communicating in the network
must satisfy integrity, privacy, confidentiality, a
uthentication and non-repudiation. Many frameworks
have
been implemented to provide security in communicati
on and transactions. In this paper, we analyze ATM
communication protocol and propose a novel framewor
k for ATM systems that allows entities communicate
in a secure way without using a lot of storage. We
describe the architecture and operation of SFAMSS i
n
detail. Our framework is implemented with Java and
the software architecture, and its components are
studied in detailed.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
This document discusses effective advertising methods for new businesses. It considers print media like newspapers, magazines and leaflets but notes that websites, blogs, and social media may be more cost effective and have a wider reach. While the client, Victoria Oldham, owner of writing business Global Words, wanted to use leaflets, the assistant suggests staying internet-based by improving her existing website and blog. Research shows people are less likely to open brochures without compelling headlines, and internet use is rising globally while print readership declines. If the business expands, social media offers the largest potential audience. In the end, the assistant designs marketing leaflets for Global Words as requested while still advising internet promotion for greatest future impact.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL QUERIES FOR MOVING OBJECTS DATA WAREHOUSINGijdms
In the last decade, Moving Object Databases (MODs) have attracted a lot of attention from researchers.
Several research works were conducted to extend traditional database techniques to accommodate the new
requirements imposed by the continuous change in location information of moving objects. Managing,
querying, storing, and mining moving objects were the key research directions. This extensive interest in
moving objects is a natural consequence of the recent ubiquitous location-aware devices, such as PDAs,
mobile phones, etc., as well as the variety of information that can be extracted from such new databases. In
this paper we propose a Spatio-Temporal data warehousing (STDW) for efficiently querying location
information of moving objects. The proposed schema introduces new measures like direction majority and
other direction-based measures that enhance the decision making based on location information
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxtodd581
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Name _____________________Bipedal AustralopithOBJECTIVES.docxroushhsiu
Name: _____________________Bipedal Australopith?
OBJECTIVES
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:
Understand bipedalism
Compare and contrast the feet of several primates to identify bipedal abilities.
INTRODUCTION
Bipedalism is the act of walking on two feet. This can be habitually or for brief periods of time. The ability to walk bipedally in an efficient manner depends on great changes to the structure of the body. One of those changes comes from the foot.
EXERCISE
Anthropologists have argued about the bipedal abilities of our potential ancestors Australopithecus afarensis. Here you will compare your own foot to the foot of an Australopith and a chimpanzee to see where they fall. More human? More ape?
Part A:
Foot Measurements:
Determine whether A. afarensis had feet that more closely resembled modern humans or modern chimpanzees. (Remember that the primitive, or earliest, condition is expected to be more like that of a modern chimpanzee).
·
In this section of the activity, you will take three measurements: the distance between the hallux (big toe)
and the second toe, foot length (the length from the tip of the longest toe to the back of the heel), and foot width (the widest part of the foot usually around the toe area).
Actual size outlines of a chimpanzee foot and from an A. afarensis foot print preserved at Laetoli have
been provided for you.
1. Trace your bare foot on a clean sheet of paper (you can use the back of this lesson).
2. Using digital calipers or a ruler, measure in cm the distances according to the instructions.
Write your results in the space provided on the graph.
3. Calculate the hallux divergence index by dividing the foot width by the foot length.
4. Answer these questions based on your results:
What is bipedalism?
What are the earliest fossil hominins that show bipedalism?
What anatomical features are indicative of bipedalism?
Did Australopiths have a toe more similar to humans or apes? Give your reasoning.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT: CHANGES WITHIN AND ACROSS PROJECTS1
Tracy A. Jenkin and Yolande E. Chan
Smith School of Business, Queen’s University,
Kingston, ON CANADA K7L 3N6 {[email protected]} {[email protected]}
Rajiv Sabherwal
Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, AR 72701 U.S.A. {[email protected]}
Although information systems development (ISD) projects are critical to organizations and improving them has
been the focus of considerable research, successful projects remain elusive. Focusing on the cognitive aspects
of ISD projects, we investigate how and why mutual understanding (MU) among key stakeholder groups
(business and information technology managers, users, and developers) changes within and across projects,
and how it affects project success. We examine relationships among project planning and control mechanisms;
sense ...
The Design of Cognitive Social Simulation Framework using Statistical Methodo...IJORCS
Modeling the behavior of the cognitive architecture in the context of social simulation using statistical methodologies is currently a growing research area. Normally, a cognitive architecture for an intelligent agent involves artificial computational process which exemplifies theories of cognition in computer algorithms under the consideration of state space. More specifically, for such cognitive system with large state space the problem like large tables and data sparsity are faced. Hence in this paper, we have proposed a method using a value iterative approach based on Q-learning algorithm, with function approximation technique to handle the cognitive systems with large state space. From the experimental results in the application domain of academic science it has been verified that the proposed approach has better performance compared to its existing approaches.
RESEARCH NOTESYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR INFORMATIONSYS.docxaudeleypearl
RESEARCH NOTE
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR INFORMATION
SYSTEMS RESEARCH: THEORY DEVELOPMENT
AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION1
Yulin Fang
Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG {[email protected]}
Kai H. Lim
Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG {[email protected]}
Ying Qian
Department of Information Systems, School of Management, Shanghai University,
Shanghai CHINA {[email protected]}
Bo Feng
Department of Management, School of Business, Soochow University,
Soochow CHINA {[email protected]}
Most information systems (IS) research develops theory for explanation and prediction based on a variance
logical structure that assumes one-way, time invariant causal relationships. This approach largely misses the
opportunity to extend theory from alternative logical structures that build upon reciprocal and temporal causal
mechanisms; for example, the system perspective. This paper introduces system dynamics (SD), a modeling
tool capable of capturing the reciprocal and temporal causal mechanisms that underlie many complex and
dynamic systems, and demonstrates its ability to extend existing variance theory from a system perspective.
To do so, we first describe the basic tenets of SD and discuss the status quo of existing SD applications in the
field. Then, we demonstrate how to model SD’s unique theoretical logic of reciprocal and temporal causal
structure to extend existing variance theory. To demonstrate the use of SD in theory development, we develop
and validate an SD model of the e-commerce resource endowment of a click-and-mortar firm and simulate
dynamic causal relationships between the e-commerce resource endowment and firm performance over time,
under various scenarios. This case demonstrates how we can extend an existing variance theory by reconciling
the inconsistent findings of prior research from a system perspective using the SD approach. The paper
concludes by discussing how SD can help IS researchers develop dynamic theories.
1
Keywords: System dynamics, simulation, theory development, electronic commerce, resource-based view,
firm performance, the system perspective
1H. Rao was the accepting senior editor for this paper. Samir Chatterjee served as the associate editor. Ying Qian and Bo Feng served as corresponding authors
for this paper.
The appendices for this paper are located in the “Online Supplements” section of the MIS Quarterly’s website (http://www.misq.org).
DOI: 10.25300/MISQ/2018/12749 MIS Quarterly Vol. 42 No. 4, pp. 1303-1329/December 2018 1303
Fang et al./System Dynamics Modeling for IS Research
Introduction
Theory development has always been an important goal of
information systems (IS) research. Past IS research has
generally been successful in advancing theories in different
subject domains (Grover et al. 2008; Straub 2012; Weber
2003), mostly for ...
Analysis Of Two-Variable Function Graphing ActivitiesLisa Cain
This document discusses a study analyzing activities designed to help university students understand and graph two-variable functions. The activities were designed using APOS theory and analyzed using the moments of study from the Anthropological Theory of Didactics to evaluate their effectiveness and institutional viability. The study aims to determine if the activities help students develop the conceptual understanding of two-variable functions and if their organization is conducive for use in an instructional setting.
A Review on Evolution and Versioning of Ontology Based Information Systemsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document provides a review of existing approaches to ontology evolution and versioning. It begins by defining ontologies and discussing why evolution and versioning are needed as ontologies are used in information systems. It then outlines some existing solutions for ontology evolution and version management, noting different languages used to conceptualize ontologies. Challenges of ontology versioning and evolution are discussed. Increased usage of ontologies in different domains is reviewed. Finally, some available tools for ontology change management are mentioned.
The stochastic systems group conducts research analyzing complex uncertain systems using statistics and algorithms. Their research spans theoretical development of new models to application in fields like remote sensing, image analysis, and target recognition. Students engage across theory and applications to define models with insights and technological impact. Current work involves multiresolution modeling of signals and spatial data to capture phenomena at multiple scales. The group also researches nonlinear image analysis, inverse problems, and spatial geometry modeling. Their work informs applications in oceanography, hydrology, biomedicine, and more. The group fosters student development through an interactive environment blending theory and applications to define meaningful research problems. Their field is rapidly changing, requiring adaptability to new challenges.
Honkela.t leinonen.t lonka.k_raike.a_2000: self-organizing maps and construct...ArchiLab 7
This document discusses using self-organizing maps (SOMs) to model constructive learning. It presents two key ideas:
1) SOMs provide a more realistic model of human learning than traditional computer memory models, as they are dynamic, associative, and adapt existing knowledge rather than just storing facts.
2) SOMs can be used in computer-supported collaborative learning environments to help visualize complex concepts and support inquiry-based learning processes. Two examples of using SOMs for these purposes are described.
Coates: topological approximations for spatial representationArchiLab 7
The document summarizes a student thesis that applies a Growing Neural Gas (GNG) algorithm to represent spatial topology. GNG is a type of self-organizing neural network that can learn and adapt based on "point intensity" or activity levels in a space. It creates a topology-preserving network of nodes to model spatial cognition. The student aims to further combine GNG with a Radial Basis Function for more flexibility, or with ant colony clustering for unsupervised classification of spaces. Representing spaces as evolving neural networks based on activity levels provides a model for understanding spatial cognition and complexity in architectural design.
PROPERTIES OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG OBJECTS IN OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE DESIGNijpla
One of the modern paradigms to develop a system is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm,
there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles. After identifying objects, the various
relationships among objects must be identified. This paper makes a literature review over relationships
among objects. Mainly, the relationships are three basic types, including generalization/specialization,
aggregation and association.This paper presents five taxonomies for properties of the relationships. The first
taxonomy is based on temporal view. The second taxonomy is based on structure and the third one relies on
behavioral. The fourth taxonomy is specified on mathematical view and fifth one related to the interface.
Additionally, the properties of the relationships are evaluated in a case study and several recommendations
are proposed.
This document provides an overview of a project focused on vintage shops and items in Nottingham, England. It discusses researching various vintage goods like clothing, letters, postcards, and magazines. It also maps out several vintage shops located in Nottingham city center and considers designing a postcard or map highlighting their locations. The goal is to capture different eras and styles of vintage items from the 1920s to 20 years ago using colors like pinks, blues, yellows and greens. Prototypes are shown of a simple map marked with vintage clothing items to indicate shop locations.
This document provides product details for the St. Augustine Coffee Table from Peters-Revington. The table is made of oak and slate materials with metal legs and costs $566.99. It measures 19" tall by 42" wide by 42" deep and weighs 150 pounds. Reviews praise the table's sturdiness and quality of materials. The St. Augustine collection also includes matching end tables and storage cabinets.
This document provides tips and sample answers for common interview questions for a Maintenance Supervisor position. It discusses how to answer questions about yourself, your strengths, career goals, reasons for leaving previous jobs, weaknesses, knowledge of the organization, and ways you have improved your skills. For each question, it offers steps to prepare such as researching the employer, having relevant examples, and relating your answers to the job requirements. Sample answers are provided for questions about work experience, leadership abilities, motivation for the role, and continuous learning.
An Sna-Bi Based System for Evaluating Virtual Teams: A Software Development P...ijcsit
The dependence of today's collaborative projects on knowledge acquisition and information dissemination
emphasizes the importance of minimizing communication breakdowns. However, as organizations are
increasingly relying on virtual teams to deliver better and faster results, communication issues come to the
forefront of project managers' concerns. This is particularly palpable in software development projects
which are increasingly virtual and knowledge-consuming as they require continuous generation and
upgrade of shared information and knowledge. In a previous work, we proposed an SNA-BI based system
(Covirtsys) that supplements the Analytics modules of the collaborative platform in order to offer a
complementary analysis of communication flows through a network perspective. This paper concerns the
application of this system on a software development project virtual team and shows how it can bring new
insights that could help overcome communication issues among team members.
Study On Decision-Making For Café Management Alternativesijcsit
In recent years, many new cafés have emerged onto the market. Other than view cafés, beautiful cafés that
seem as if they came from Paris or New York have gradually appeared in leisure and quiet residential
areas, in alleyways, in peripheral areas, and in local commercial areas. In particular, leisure is trendy at
present, and modern restaurants innovate in terms of their food, leisure, and consumption. Unlike
traditional restaurants, they are able to develop into cafés with unique styles to attract consumers. Even
though not all of these new cafés are successful, as cafés are an industry that is at the forefront of fashion,
many individuals who dream of entrepreneurship would want to open a café. However, as there are many
types of cafés on the market, what type and style of cafés are the most suitable? An overview of cafés in
Taiwan shows that each café offer unique services and functions to attract consumers, which is the key to
sustainable operations of cafés. Therefore, this study explores the decisions of companies when choosing
the style for their cafés. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the selection of
café styles, in order to provide references for café operators to achieve successful and sustainable
operations. Based on literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study intends to provide useful
results to the operators of cafés
SFAMSS:A S ECURE F RAMEWORK F OR ATM M ACHINES V IA S ECRET S HARINGijcsit
As ATM applications deploy for a banking system, th
e need to secure communications will become critica
l.
However, multicast protocols do not fit the point-t
o-point model of most network security protocols wh
ich
were designed with unicast communications in mind.
In recent years, we have seen the emergence and the
growing of ATMs (Automatic Teller Machines) in bank
ing systems. Many banks are extending their activit
y
and increasing transactions by using ATMs. ATM will
allow them to reach more customers in a cost
effective way and to make their transactions fast a
nd efficient. However, communicating in the network
must satisfy integrity, privacy, confidentiality, a
uthentication and non-repudiation. Many frameworks
have
been implemented to provide security in communicati
on and transactions. In this paper, we analyze ATM
communication protocol and propose a novel framewor
k for ATM systems that allows entities communicate
in a secure way without using a lot of storage. We
describe the architecture and operation of SFAMSS i
n
detail. Our framework is implemented with Java and
the software architecture, and its components are
studied in detailed.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
This document discusses effective advertising methods for new businesses. It considers print media like newspapers, magazines and leaflets but notes that websites, blogs, and social media may be more cost effective and have a wider reach. While the client, Victoria Oldham, owner of writing business Global Words, wanted to use leaflets, the assistant suggests staying internet-based by improving her existing website and blog. Research shows people are less likely to open brochures without compelling headlines, and internet use is rising globally while print readership declines. If the business expands, social media offers the largest potential audience. In the end, the assistant designs marketing leaflets for Global Words as requested while still advising internet promotion for greatest future impact.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL QUERIES FOR MOVING OBJECTS DATA WAREHOUSINGijdms
In the last decade, Moving Object Databases (MODs) have attracted a lot of attention from researchers.
Several research works were conducted to extend traditional database techniques to accommodate the new
requirements imposed by the continuous change in location information of moving objects. Managing,
querying, storing, and mining moving objects were the key research directions. This extensive interest in
moving objects is a natural consequence of the recent ubiquitous location-aware devices, such as PDAs,
mobile phones, etc., as well as the variety of information that can be extracted from such new databases. In
this paper we propose a Spatio-Temporal data warehousing (STDW) for efficiently querying location
information of moving objects. The proposed schema introduces new measures like direction majority and
other direction-based measures that enhance the decision making based on location information
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxtodd581
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Name _____________________Bipedal AustralopithOBJECTIVES.docxroushhsiu
Name: _____________________Bipedal Australopith?
OBJECTIVES
After completing this exercise, you should be able to:
Understand bipedalism
Compare and contrast the feet of several primates to identify bipedal abilities.
INTRODUCTION
Bipedalism is the act of walking on two feet. This can be habitually or for brief periods of time. The ability to walk bipedally in an efficient manner depends on great changes to the structure of the body. One of those changes comes from the foot.
EXERCISE
Anthropologists have argued about the bipedal abilities of our potential ancestors Australopithecus afarensis. Here you will compare your own foot to the foot of an Australopith and a chimpanzee to see where they fall. More human? More ape?
Part A:
Foot Measurements:
Determine whether A. afarensis had feet that more closely resembled modern humans or modern chimpanzees. (Remember that the primitive, or earliest, condition is expected to be more like that of a modern chimpanzee).
·
In this section of the activity, you will take three measurements: the distance between the hallux (big toe)
and the second toe, foot length (the length from the tip of the longest toe to the back of the heel), and foot width (the widest part of the foot usually around the toe area).
Actual size outlines of a chimpanzee foot and from an A. afarensis foot print preserved at Laetoli have
been provided for you.
1. Trace your bare foot on a clean sheet of paper (you can use the back of this lesson).
2. Using digital calipers or a ruler, measure in cm the distances according to the instructions.
Write your results in the space provided on the graph.
3. Calculate the hallux divergence index by dividing the foot width by the foot length.
4. Answer these questions based on your results:
What is bipedalism?
What are the earliest fossil hominins that show bipedalism?
What anatomical features are indicative of bipedalism?
Did Australopiths have a toe more similar to humans or apes? Give your reasoning.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT: CHANGES WITHIN AND ACROSS PROJECTS1
Tracy A. Jenkin and Yolande E. Chan
Smith School of Business, Queen’s University,
Kingston, ON CANADA K7L 3N6 {[email protected]} {[email protected]}
Rajiv Sabherwal
Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, AR 72701 U.S.A. {[email protected]}
Although information systems development (ISD) projects are critical to organizations and improving them has
been the focus of considerable research, successful projects remain elusive. Focusing on the cognitive aspects
of ISD projects, we investigate how and why mutual understanding (MU) among key stakeholder groups
(business and information technology managers, users, and developers) changes within and across projects,
and how it affects project success. We examine relationships among project planning and control mechanisms;
sense ...
The Design of Cognitive Social Simulation Framework using Statistical Methodo...IJORCS
Modeling the behavior of the cognitive architecture in the context of social simulation using statistical methodologies is currently a growing research area. Normally, a cognitive architecture for an intelligent agent involves artificial computational process which exemplifies theories of cognition in computer algorithms under the consideration of state space. More specifically, for such cognitive system with large state space the problem like large tables and data sparsity are faced. Hence in this paper, we have proposed a method using a value iterative approach based on Q-learning algorithm, with function approximation technique to handle the cognitive systems with large state space. From the experimental results in the application domain of academic science it has been verified that the proposed approach has better performance compared to its existing approaches.
RESEARCH NOTESYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR INFORMATIONSYS.docxaudeleypearl
RESEARCH NOTE
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR INFORMATION
SYSTEMS RESEARCH: THEORY DEVELOPMENT
AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION1
Yulin Fang
Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG {[email protected]}
Kai H. Lim
Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong,
Kowloon Tong, HONG KONG {[email protected]}
Ying Qian
Department of Information Systems, School of Management, Shanghai University,
Shanghai CHINA {[email protected]}
Bo Feng
Department of Management, School of Business, Soochow University,
Soochow CHINA {[email protected]}
Most information systems (IS) research develops theory for explanation and prediction based on a variance
logical structure that assumes one-way, time invariant causal relationships. This approach largely misses the
opportunity to extend theory from alternative logical structures that build upon reciprocal and temporal causal
mechanisms; for example, the system perspective. This paper introduces system dynamics (SD), a modeling
tool capable of capturing the reciprocal and temporal causal mechanisms that underlie many complex and
dynamic systems, and demonstrates its ability to extend existing variance theory from a system perspective.
To do so, we first describe the basic tenets of SD and discuss the status quo of existing SD applications in the
field. Then, we demonstrate how to model SD’s unique theoretical logic of reciprocal and temporal causal
structure to extend existing variance theory. To demonstrate the use of SD in theory development, we develop
and validate an SD model of the e-commerce resource endowment of a click-and-mortar firm and simulate
dynamic causal relationships between the e-commerce resource endowment and firm performance over time,
under various scenarios. This case demonstrates how we can extend an existing variance theory by reconciling
the inconsistent findings of prior research from a system perspective using the SD approach. The paper
concludes by discussing how SD can help IS researchers develop dynamic theories.
1
Keywords: System dynamics, simulation, theory development, electronic commerce, resource-based view,
firm performance, the system perspective
1H. Rao was the accepting senior editor for this paper. Samir Chatterjee served as the associate editor. Ying Qian and Bo Feng served as corresponding authors
for this paper.
The appendices for this paper are located in the “Online Supplements” section of the MIS Quarterly’s website (http://www.misq.org).
DOI: 10.25300/MISQ/2018/12749 MIS Quarterly Vol. 42 No. 4, pp. 1303-1329/December 2018 1303
Fang et al./System Dynamics Modeling for IS Research
Introduction
Theory development has always been an important goal of
information systems (IS) research. Past IS research has
generally been successful in advancing theories in different
subject domains (Grover et al. 2008; Straub 2012; Weber
2003), mostly for ...
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This document provides a review of existing approaches to ontology evolution and versioning. It begins by defining ontologies and discussing why evolution and versioning are needed as ontologies are used in information systems. It then outlines some existing solutions for ontology evolution and version management, noting different languages used to conceptualize ontologies. Challenges of ontology versioning and evolution are discussed. Increased usage of ontologies in different domains is reviewed. Finally, some available tools for ontology change management are mentioned.
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PROPERTIES OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG OBJECTS IN OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE DESIGNijpla
One of the modern paradigms to develop a system is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm,
there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles. After identifying objects, the various
relationships among objects must be identified. This paper makes a literature review over relationships
among objects. Mainly, the relationships are three basic types, including generalization/specialization,
aggregation and association.This paper presents five taxonomies for properties of the relationships. The first
taxonomy is based on temporal view. The second taxonomy is based on structure and the third one relies on
behavioral. The fourth taxonomy is specified on mathematical view and fifth one related to the interface.
Additionally, the properties of the relationships are evaluated in a case study and several recommendations
are proposed.
Possibilities between form and function (Or between shape and affordances)Aaron Sloman
I discuss the need for an intelligent system, whether it is a robot, or some sort of digital companion equipped with a vision system, to include in its ontology a range of concepts that appear not to have been noticed by most researchers in robotics, vision, and human psychology. These are concepts that lie between (a) concepts of "form", concerned with spatially located objects, object parts, features, and relationships and (b) concepts of affordances and functions, concerned with how things in the environment make possible or constrain actions that are possible for a perceiver and which can support or hinder the goals of the perceiver.
Those intermediate concepts are concerned with processes that *are* occurring and processes that *can* occur, and the causal relationships between physical structures/forms/configurations and the possibilities for and constraints on such processes, independently of whether they are processes involving anyone's actions or goals.
These intermediate concepts relate motions and constraints on motion to both geometric and topological structures in the environment and the kinds of 'stuff' of which things are composed, since, for example, rigid, flexible, and fluid stuffs support and constrain different sorts of motions.
They underlie affordance concepts. Attempts to study affordances without taking account of the intermediate concepts are bound to prove shallow and inadequate.
Notes for invited talk at Dagstuhl Seminar: ``From Form to Function'' Oct 18-23, 2009 http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=09431
The document discusses systems thinking and its importance for understanding complex problems and business models. It introduces various systems thinking concepts, models, and tools. Specifically, it covers:
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This document discusses an integrated approach to ontology development methodology and provides a case study using a shopping mall domain. It begins by reviewing existing ontology development methodologies and identifying their pitfalls. An integrated methodology is then proposed which aims to reduce these pitfalls. The key steps in the proposed methodology are: 1) capturing motivating user scenarios or keywords, 2) generating formal/informal questions and answers from the scenarios, 3) extracting terms and constraints, and 4) building the ontology using a top-down approach. The methodology is applied to developing an ontology for a shopping mall domain to provide multilingual information to visitors.
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A Framework for Research in Computer-Based Management Information Systems Aut...Emily Smith
This document presents a framework for classifying research in the field of computer-based management information systems (MIS). The framework was developed in response to limitations in existing MIS research models. It includes categories for classifying 331 doctoral dissertations in MIS according to their research topics and methodologies. The comprehensive framework can be used to understand and group existing MIS research and also to generate new hypotheses for future research.
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HYPER-MSPACE; MULTIDIMENSIONAL EVOLUTIONARY-AGENTS MODELING AND ANALYSIS
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 3, June 2013
DOI : 10.5121/ijcsit.2013.5303 35
HYPER-MSPACE; MULTIDIMENSIONAL
EVOLUTIONARY-AGENTS MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mohamed Dbouk1
, Ihab Sbeity1
, Hamid Mcheick2
, Haytham Douaihy3
1
Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences (I), Beirut-Lebanon
mdbouk@ul.edu.lb, isbeity@ul.edu.lb
2
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
Hamid_Mcheick@uqac.ca
3
Lebanese University-DSST, Beirut-Lebanon, Master2R-Student
haythamdouaihy@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This paper stands for an analytical approach modelling and exploring an evolutionary-space oriented
business-domains. The space that we consider is intended to be complex emerging a set of heterogeneous
evolutionary business-agents (e.g. Factories, Restaurants, etc.); it accordingly stimulates an analytical
multi-layered structure headed for a hyper-space navigational framework. Agents have multiple-states
based on analytical characteristics (analytical dimensions), they are multidimensional and inter-
dependable; they evolve, interact and transit. This approach aims to provide key features that illustrate the
hyper-space framework basis and foundations. Finally, an instructive case study is given at the end of this
document.
KEYWORDS
Evolutionary agents, Hyper-space modelling, Multi-State modelling, GIS-like frameworks, Business
intelligence.
1. INTRODUCTION
Day by day, reactive and dynamic data are strongly solicited. This data may incorporate and
stimulate gigantic amount of knowledge. The advance in technology, multidimensional and
business intelligence analysis are extremely present in similar context.
However, things evolve in the nature, everything evolve and change states and conditions, e.g. an
employee may become manager, president, etc., modern cities, construction sites, volcanic sites,
etc., may have continuous stories and histories (images, video, maps, etc.); they evolve
continually against time, urbanisations and civilizations.
Concepts of evolutionary space may, indeed, reside in lots of real-world events and business
activities; environmental risk related issues such as flooding, forest (trees, etc.) evolutions,
agricultural practices, are typical cases.
In our early MSpace platform [1], all considered agents are belong the same type, i.e. employers,
buildings, etc. Moreover, the space itself is reduced to one and only one business
context/environment (layer).
The ultimate goal of this work is to increase and enrich our MSpace platform with new hyper-
space characteristics and functionalities; the space is multi-layered now and become so complex
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 3, June 2013
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by emerging heterogeneous cooperative and evolutionary agents. However, dealing with such
unconventional space architecture/structure is hard to undertake and reveal great challenges. The
multi-layering concept leads to provide an intelligent and analytical vertical navigation.
The duty is to ultimately devise, on one hand, a strong and firm theory correlating the intended
hierarchical structure; towards an analytical-oriented specialization/generalization strategy that
incorporates the vertical navigational and analytical transitions. The duty, on the other hand, is to
correlate interactions and behaviours of the considered heterogeneous agents each other, and also
to adjust the inter/intra-events which trigger transitional evolutions.
The rest of the paper is organized as follow: in Section 2 we review background material, the
early MSpace as well as problem statement are outlined and an overview of related works is also
given in this section. In section 3, MSpace extension foundations and basis are deeply
considered. Also, a deep modelling theory and navigation as well as visual solution are presented
in this section. An experimental case study is also given in section 4. Finally, the outlines of
future directions and conclusion are drawn in section 5.
2. BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT
2.1. MSpace, an overview
The early MSpace [1] (started with [2]) consists of an integrated tool tending to model and
explore (tracking and monitoring) an evolutive and mutable space, it deals and emerges
multidimensional and unconventional data, it mainly considers a collection of mutable entities
(became agents), which are referenced by a structural features (dimensions), and tracked
according to behavioural features (transitions, business rules).
Entities/Agents in MSpace are expected to move, transit, navigate, interact, etc. agents’
behaviours reflect and/or materialize external events. Rather than temporal and location-based
characteristics, they evolve in well organized behaviours. MSpace deals with contextual patterns
(business profiles, figure 1), in which dimensions are pre-combined.
Figure 1. MSpace [1] platform basis and foundations
The ultimate goal, of “MSpace”, is to enable entity (individual space’s element) evolution
tracking and monitoring. The duty is to predict, direct and ultimately correlate entities’
behaviours and activities.
Considered
Agents
Business named dimensions
MSpace
Business Profiles
(Total-States)
A named profile
Time
EducationYears of duty
Manager
General-
Secretary
Analyst
Controller
…
Case-study: Human Resource Monitor
Profile examples
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2.2. Problem position and related works
In the practice, business-spaces are usually complex and considered entities/agents could
reference different categories and classes, they may interact and influence each other, etc.
Consider the typical case of a modern city evolution analysis. To analyze and track the evolution
of the city, we have, indeed, to record and analyze the urbanization activities from multiple
perspectives; i.e. the existence of a Factory may infect healthy conditions, the existence of
buildings requires the presence of streets, the existence of 20 buildings or more requires the
presence of gardens, etc.
Here the space may contain heterogeneous and inter-dependable agents; it is complex and hard to
undertake. The concept of subdividing the space into bordering areas/subspaces and or applying
the multi-layering approach may be helpful, but dealing with such cases requires deep modelling
efforts. The idea, indeed, behind this case is to exhibit the big challenges that we are facing
where the space is qualified as complex.
However, in the early above approach [1], complex cases are not yet solved. Rather than the
elegant and hopeful outcomes, the experiments show that we need to deploy more efforts in order
to enlarge the analytical spectre of this approach.
Obviously, dealing with evolutionary-objects or agents is sometimes synonymous to deals with
moving objects or agents on one hand and to consider the spatiotemporal dimension/concept on
the other hand.
– The FuMMO model proposed by [5] works indeed with geo-features, the moving objects
data model “Balloon” [6] deals with spatiotemporal changes; it provides an integrated
support for both historical and future movements of moving objects. In contrast to basic
“FuMMO” model, “Balloon”states for emerging both historical and future moving-objects’
movements.
– “Hermes” [4] deals with dynamic objects that change locations, shape and size, either
discretely or continuously over time.
– In the land use model presented in [3], the authors use discrete irregular objects as an
autonomous spatial entity. They use the basic elements of Cellular Automata: space,
neighbourhood, and transition rules, state, and time, and demonstrate that the proposal can
be considered as a new paradigm for urban simulation. Here, the world is considered as a
series of entities located in space. An autonomous active object or agent is a digital
representation of all part of an entity. In this model, the transition rules specify the
behaviour of cells between time-step evolutions, deciding the future conditions of cells
based on a set of fixed rules. However, the state of the object changes is based on the
adaptation of an entity to its environment. Also the time variant is considered as an element
in this approach.
Briefly, we plan, in the next sections, to extend the early MSpace approach by adding the so
called hyper-features, and functionalities.
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3. HYPER-MSPACE
3.1. Complex space modelling
The new-extended initiative “Hyper-MSpace” emerges indeed features and concepts which are
considered by the above premature approaches ([3], [4], [5] and [6]), it inherits concepts from
multi-agents systems, but remaining different on the way to define agents.
Here, we are going to devise a deep theory leading to model that we call “Hyper-MSpace”; rules
that govern agents interactions, space subdivision rules, multi-layering space constitution,
vertical navigational rules (summarising, zooming, etc.), etc. As a result, we state here for a
complete complex-space building and exploring process; we consider answering questions like:
“how the space should be partitioned thematically”, “how entities could interact and influence
each other”, “how could navigate through different levels”, etc.
Basic assumptions: Hyper-MSpace (HMSpace) consists of an integrated space, it emerges
several agent categories, consequently it incorporates a set of MSpaces (figure 2)
Formally, HMSpace (C1, C2, …., Ci, …Cn) = <MS1, MS2, …, MSi, …, MSn>
– MSi = MS(Ci); MSpace (figure 1) is incorporating entities of type Ci.
Consequently, it should instantiate all mspace pre-elaborated features.
– Ci is an agent multidimensional type
Figure 2. HMSpace basic constitutions
Inter-dependability modelling:
Emerged agents in HMSpace are intended to influence each other. An evolutionary agent (also
called receiver) may depend on other agent/s (called master). Accordingly, an oriented mutual
association is so established between master-agents and receiver-agents. Consequently, a huge
inter-agents dependability network could be established, it represents a derivation /instantiation
∆: MSpace of ∆
: MSpace of
: MSpace of
Complex/Composite Space
– incorporates several
entity/agent categories,
– integrates set of MSpaces
Inter-MSpace
dependability
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 3, June 2013
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of an extrapolated network called “inter-agents dependability diagram (IADD)” (figure 3). An
IADD consists of an oriented graph; nodes represent the involved mspaces and the arrows
represent the inter-dependence relationships between agent-instances.
However, when a master-agent “” or “∆” evolve, it could affect (influence) all dependent
receiver-agents “” (figure 4). Based on the mspace firm foundations, the receiver-agent evolve
throughout dimensions, consequently:
– A master-agent affects receiver-agents on one of their pre-defined dimensions. Arrows in
dependability-diagram should be labeled with the given receiver-agent dimension.
– Master-agent may affect receiver-agents on many dimensions.
– Master and receiver agents may share (be belong) same mspace, towards reflexive
dependability.
Figure 3. Inter-mspaces dependencies diagram
Figure 4.a. HMSpace platform basis and foundations
Materializing inter-dependability:
The association that links master-agents and receiver-agents can be materialized using the
Observer/Observable design pattern; it is event-driven based.
∆
An instance
There are some agents from, that influence the agent
from.
ID diagram
, , and ∆ are three different
mspaces
∆
/D3
/D2
/D1
/D1
Dependability
in depth
∆
Business
dimensions
Business
profiles
Dependence
relationship
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Here, receiver-agents play the role of observers, and variations or evolutions on one master-agent
are triggered. Consequently, local-transitions from state to state of a receiver-agent (on the given
dimension like D3, figure 4) are now directly linked to the master agent’s total-transitions
(locally tracked in the given mspace; business-profiles).
Formally;
∆ is a master-agent / observable pre-declared in mspace ∆ (e.g. ∆: ∆)
is a receiver-agent / observer pre-declared in mspace (e.g. :)
Protocol:
1. ∆ Transits form local-state to a new state, consequently, a new total-state should be
generated in ∆.
2. The new ∆ state is observed by and triggered.
3. applies a dedicated transition-function “.Dim”, it analyses the ∆ new state
and decides to transit from its old state to another local state on the given
dimension, it should generate a new total-state in , and then new business-profile
may be generated as well.
Figure 4.b. HMSpace platform basis and foundations
Transition-function formulation and generalization:
.D3(∆); transition of agent, on dimension “D3” taking into account the ∆ evolutions.
More general:
– may be concerned with more than one ∆;.D3(∆1,∆2,…, ∆i,…, ∆n)
– may be linked to more than one agent-mspaces;here and aggregation “” must be
applied: .(Di(…) ).
However, those dependability functions are domain-dependant and should be written by the
domain analytical experts. As a result, the HMSpace platform has become open.
Dynamic aspect:
According to the pre-elaborated IADD (figure 3), consider that agent 4 depends on {<∆1, ∆3,
∆5>, <1, 4, 6>} , and the new agent ⌂2 depends, in its turn, on 4, the following scenarios
should be considered:
– On cascade-evolution; if one of the {<∆1, ∆3, ∆5>, <1, 4, 6>} evolves, the 4 should be
mspace
∆: ∆
mspace
: D3
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
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affected and may change state. Consequently, ⌂2 will (by transitivity) evolve as well, and
so on. All related agents will evolve, toward an on cascade-evolution.
– Dependability-pertinence: agents evolve continually, after each evolution-round, the
IADD instances should be re-examined and evaluated. As a result, 4 for example may
lose (become free of) some links, and also new links may re-appear with respect to the
pre-elaborated IADD, i.e. 4 {<∆1, ∆5>, <1, 5, 6>}.
Visual and navigation issues
The early mspace platform [1] consists of a set of pre-elaborated visual and analytical operations.
Here in the HMSpace context and based on the given IADD, each mspace is represented as an
analytical-node, and the inter-dependability links represent the firm foundation of two additional
operations:
– Navigation throughout mspaces: allowing end-users to explore the whole considered
space (hmspace), and to discover mspaces one by one, this is to materialize relationships
“master-receiver” influences, e.g. ∆1 4
– Analytical zooming: this is to explore a given agent or mspace and going forward on a
specific dimension. Here, the end-user must be able to discover and learn about the
transition-modalities.
Figure 5. HMSpace end-user display basis and foundations
As a result, the above operations are complementary to each other. The IADD is, continually,
considered as the main display that summarizes hyper-space new essential operations.
∆
Analytical mspace
environment
⌂
Navigation, based on dependability-link, from an mspace to another
Analytical zooming, based on dependability-link, from an mspace to another
Dependability-
link
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3.2. Hyper-Space building process
The building process consists of the following:
a. Identify and consider the involved agent-mspaces and all descriptive and analytical
features or dimensions,
b. analyze and find-out the inter-dependability relationships that relate the above mspaces,
c. Put mspaces and relationships together in a unique IADD,
d. re-adjust the above mspaces according to the founded relationships,
e. designate labels that governing the above dependability relationships,
f. Draw up (pseudo code) the transition-functions one by one.
g. Implementation phase: put the given IADD into operational platform.
h. Apply analytical and predictable scenarios.
Practically, the process is software-engineering-like, it requires key persons to be applied, and
they should emerge technical-skills as well as deep knowledge in the considered business-
domain.
4. EXPERIMENTAL CASE STUDY AND OBSERVATION
Consider the case of patients tracking and monitoring. Here, the main challenge is to produce and
implement the equivalent IADD.
However, we are going to focus and deal with patients (figure 6) and their analytical dimensions;
administered-medicines and properties, treatment modalities, body building issues, climate
issues, residency (home-residence), etc.
Figure 6. Patients tracking case study
Body-Conditions
Patients
FactoriesAgriculture
Zones
Medical Supports
Medical
Laboratories
Sport-Centers
Applied-Medicines
Medical-Treatment
…
Body-Conditions
…
Geo-Location
…
Climate-Conditions
Infection-factors
…
Patient-Profiles
Medical-
Treatment
Climate-
Conditions
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If, for example, patients are concerned with the climate-variations and pollution degrees, then we
have to find out the concrete agents that influencing the climate-conditions like “Agriculture-
Zones” and “Factories” (figure 6). The same conceptual analysis leads to consider “Medical-
Supports” and “Medical-Laboratories”, “Sport-Centers”, etc., each of which relates (labeled
with) one analytical dimension.
To conclude, first conceptual experiments show that, extra-agents could be grouped/aggregated
into some abstract–agent-types, this is because those extra-agents share (influence) same
analytical-dimensions, e.g. “Climate-agent” may aggregate “Agriculture-Zones” and
“Factories”. Finally, the experiments also show that we are pressed to deploy additional efforts
that lead to implement the above theory and concretely validate the delivered process.
5. CONCLUSION
The early “MSpace” approach that we proposed in [1] provides a flexible modeling and
analytical framework, but it deals and considers only one agents type. However, extending this
approach represented, for us, the big challenge.
We stated, during the above work, for a complex-space called HMSpace (Hyper MSpace) that
emerges heterogeneous agent-types and deals with inter-agents interactions. As a result, we
divested a deep inter-agents dependability theory which was formulated with a new elegant
UML-like structure called IADD (Inter-Agents Dependability Diagram).
Rather than the hopeful outcomes, the experiments show that we need to deploy more efforts at
the validation phase. Finally, extending the early MSpace software-prototype outlines our future
research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Lebanese University Research
administration, Doctoral School of Sciences & Technologies (EDST) – Beirut – Lebanon
REFERENCES
[1] Dbouk, M., Mcheick, M. & Sbeity,I. (2012) "MSpace: An Emergent Approach, Modelling and
Exploring Mutable Business-Entities", Advances and Applications in Mobile computing, Publisher
InTech, Edited by Adem Karahoca, Chapter 6, pp 115-136.
[2] Dbouk, M. & Sbeity, I. (2009) “GeoSEMA: A Modelling Platform, Emerging GeoSpatial-based
Evolutionary and Mobile Agents. World Congress on Science, Engineering and Technology (WCSET
2009); Conf. Proceedings ISSN: 2070-3740, March 23-25, 2009, Hong Kong, China.
[3] Hammam, Y., Moore A., Whigham P. & Freeman C., (2004) “Irregular vector-agent based
simulation for land-use modelling”. In 16th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research
Centre (SIRC 2004: A Spatio-temporal Workshop), 29-30 November 2004, Dunedin, New Zealand,
pp. 103-116.
[4] N. Pelekis, Y. Theodoridis, S. Vosinakis, T. Panayiotopoulos, “Hermes - A Framework for Location-
Based Data Management”, EDBT 2006, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3896,
pp.1130-1134.
[5] Praing, R. & Schneider M. (2007). A Universal Abstract Model for Future Movements of Moving
Objects. In AGILE International Conference on Geographical Information Systems, 2007.
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[6] Praing, R. & Schneider M. (2007). Modeling historical and future movements of Spatio-temporal
objects in moving objects databases. In proceedings of the 16th ACM Conf. on Information and
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AUTHORS
Mohamed Dbouk, the main author, is a full time Professor at the Lebanese University
(Beirut-Lebanon), he coordinates a master-2 research degree “IDSS: Information and
Decision Support Systems”. He received his PhD from “Paris-Sud”, France, 1997. His
research interests include software engineering and information systems related issues,
geographic information systems, data-warehousing and data-mining.
Ihab Sbeity is a full time Associative Professor at the Lebanese University – Faculty of
Sciences I –Department of Computer Science. He is member of the IDSS teaching-team.
He received a PhD from the “Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble”, France. His
PhD works are related to Performance Evaluation and System Design. His research
interests include software performance engineering, UML modeling, multi-criteria
decision making and information systems.
Hamid Mcheick is currently full time Associate Professor in Computer Science
Department at the University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC), Canada. He received a
Master’s degree and PhD in Software Engineering and Distributed System from Montreal
University, Canada. He is interested in software development and architecture for
enterprise applications as well as in separation of concerns (component, services, aspect,
etc.). His research is supported by many research grants he has received from the
Canadian Government, University of Montreal, “Centre de Recherche informatique de
Montreal (CRIM)”, University of UQAM, and University of UQAC.
Haytham Douaihy attended the Graduate School of Sciences & Technology in the
Lebanese University, for earning a Master degree Research in Information Systems. In
October 2007, He started working at “Path-Solutions”, a Leading Software Provider
company in the Banking Industry, In June 2011; he got a position as a Senior Web
Developer at a Software Provider company in the Banking Industry: 'Xperteam'.