In recent years, many new cafés have emerged onto the market. Other than view cafés, beautiful cafés that
seem as if they came from Paris or New York have gradually appeared in leisure and quiet residential
areas, in alleyways, in peripheral areas, and in local commercial areas. In particular, leisure is trendy at
present, and modern restaurants innovate in terms of their food, leisure, and consumption. Unlike
traditional restaurants, they are able to develop into cafés with unique styles to attract consumers. Even
though not all of these new cafés are successful, as cafés are an industry that is at the forefront of fashion,
many individuals who dream of entrepreneurship would want to open a café. However, as there are many
types of cafés on the market, what type and style of cafés are the most suitable? An overview of cafés in
Taiwan shows that each café offer unique services and functions to attract consumers, which is the key to
sustainable operations of cafés. Therefore, this study explores the decisions of companies when choosing
the style for their cafés. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the selection of
café styles, in order to provide references for café operators to achieve successful and sustainable
operations. Based on literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study intends to provide useful
results to the operators of cafés
A STUDY ON COFFEE PRODUCT CATEGORIES SOLD IN LANDSCAPE COFFEE SHOPSijcsit
Regarding delicacies, people are no longer satisfied with mere good taste, they also consider the overall feeling conveyed by the restaurants, including the decorations, the created atmosphere, and services, which all affect consumers’ decisions whether dine. Nowadays, casual style is particularly the leading trend. Modern restaurants have innovative ideas in food, leisure, and consumption, which are different from traditional restaurants that only meet customers’ needs for daily meals. Therefore, many featured restaurants are opened with unique styles to attract consumers. This study investigatedthe decision-making processes for coffee product categories sold in the landscape coffee shops. The landscape coffee shops in
Taiwan all have unique featured services and functions to attract consumers. The quality of coffee products sold in the landscape coffee shops is one of the factors that consumers consider, and is the key to sustainable operation of coffee shops. As the preference of consumers varies, this study used analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) to investigate the coffee tastes of most consumers, allowing landscape coffee shops to focus on the popular coffee product in order to achieve sustainable operation. Based on the results of literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study provides useful suggestions to landscape coffee shops.
R ESEARCH ON D ECISION M AKING R EGARDING H IGH - BUSINESS - STRATEGY C ...ijcsit
n contemporary popular leisure trends, modern rest
aurants have been innovative regarding all aspects
of
the restaurant business, such as food, leisure, and
consumption, thus evolving into cafés with unique
characteristics and styles, which differ greatly fr
om traditional restaurants. In order to meet consum
ers’
preferences of delicious food and beautiful decor,
many new cafés have opened, and new café dishes are
introduced. The first impression of the menu conten
t alone can determine the success or failure of a c
afé.
Although not all newly opened cafés are successful,
opening a café is still an entrepreneur dream for
many
people. In Japan, it is commonly believed that café
is equal to gourmet food, which is also often the
key to
sustainable management of a café. However, how is t
he menu content decided? As the menu content cannot
satisfy all guests, cafés have their own operating
strategies to determine the structure of a menu. Th
is study
aims to explore the decision making of café operato
rs to create a high-business-strategy menu, and use
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to discuss the sel
ection of café menus to help the cafés achieving
sustainable development. The research methods inclu
ded literature review, expert interview, and AHP. T
he
findings can serve as references to café operators
This document provides a descriptive analysis of data collected from 331 respondents regarding their perceptions of coffee bars. Some key findings include:
1) The sample consisted of 51.7% male and 48.3% female respondents, with 80% between the ages of 21-32.
2) When it comes to beverages, there was an equal preference for hot and cold drinks. Coffee was the most preferred hot beverage.
3) Around 45% of respondents preferred to have coffee at coffee bars, while 33% preferred home.
4) The most common frequency of visiting a coffee bar was reported as 3 times per month, by 27.8% of respondents.
Coca-Cola India had misjudged the rural market when it re-entered India a decade ago, as rural Indians make up two-thirds of the population. However, Coca-Cola has since learned that to succeed in India it needs to target rural consumers through smaller package sizes, lower prices, and advertising featuring Bollywood stars. This new strategy helped increase Coca-Cola's sales by 25% last year. While Coca-Cola had struggled in India previously, writing down $2 billion in assets in 2000, its recovery is now being called remarkable.
Este documento resume los hitos más importantes en la historia de la computación en México desde 1958 hasta 2002. En 1958, la UNAM instaló la primera computadora IBM 650. En 1966, México se unió al sistema satelital y transmitió los Juegos Olímpicos mundialmente. En 1972, el INEGI procesó electrónicamente por primera vez los datos del censo nacional. A finales de los 80 y principios de los 90, aparecieron las primeras computadoras personales de IBM y Apple en México y se establecieron compañías de telecomunicaciones como
Epic Research is performing a basic role as a leading financial advisory firm by providing good recommendations for,KLSE Stocks, Comex and Forex and all other segments with the help of experts and it maintains high accuracy.
A STUDY ON COFFEE PRODUCT CATEGORIES SOLD IN LANDSCAPE COFFEE SHOPSijcsit
Regarding delicacies, people are no longer satisfied with mere good taste, they also consider the overall feeling conveyed by the restaurants, including the decorations, the created atmosphere, and services, which all affect consumers’ decisions whether dine. Nowadays, casual style is particularly the leading trend. Modern restaurants have innovative ideas in food, leisure, and consumption, which are different from traditional restaurants that only meet customers’ needs for daily meals. Therefore, many featured restaurants are opened with unique styles to attract consumers. This study investigatedthe decision-making processes for coffee product categories sold in the landscape coffee shops. The landscape coffee shops in
Taiwan all have unique featured services and functions to attract consumers. The quality of coffee products sold in the landscape coffee shops is one of the factors that consumers consider, and is the key to sustainable operation of coffee shops. As the preference of consumers varies, this study used analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) to investigate the coffee tastes of most consumers, allowing landscape coffee shops to focus on the popular coffee product in order to achieve sustainable operation. Based on the results of literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study provides useful suggestions to landscape coffee shops.
R ESEARCH ON D ECISION M AKING R EGARDING H IGH - BUSINESS - STRATEGY C ...ijcsit
n contemporary popular leisure trends, modern rest
aurants have been innovative regarding all aspects
of
the restaurant business, such as food, leisure, and
consumption, thus evolving into cafés with unique
characteristics and styles, which differ greatly fr
om traditional restaurants. In order to meet consum
ers’
preferences of delicious food and beautiful decor,
many new cafés have opened, and new café dishes are
introduced. The first impression of the menu conten
t alone can determine the success or failure of a c
afé.
Although not all newly opened cafés are successful,
opening a café is still an entrepreneur dream for
many
people. In Japan, it is commonly believed that café
is equal to gourmet food, which is also often the
key to
sustainable management of a café. However, how is t
he menu content decided? As the menu content cannot
satisfy all guests, cafés have their own operating
strategies to determine the structure of a menu. Th
is study
aims to explore the decision making of café operato
rs to create a high-business-strategy menu, and use
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to discuss the sel
ection of café menus to help the cafés achieving
sustainable development. The research methods inclu
ded literature review, expert interview, and AHP. T
he
findings can serve as references to café operators
This document provides a descriptive analysis of data collected from 331 respondents regarding their perceptions of coffee bars. Some key findings include:
1) The sample consisted of 51.7% male and 48.3% female respondents, with 80% between the ages of 21-32.
2) When it comes to beverages, there was an equal preference for hot and cold drinks. Coffee was the most preferred hot beverage.
3) Around 45% of respondents preferred to have coffee at coffee bars, while 33% preferred home.
4) The most common frequency of visiting a coffee bar was reported as 3 times per month, by 27.8% of respondents.
Coca-Cola India had misjudged the rural market when it re-entered India a decade ago, as rural Indians make up two-thirds of the population. However, Coca-Cola has since learned that to succeed in India it needs to target rural consumers through smaller package sizes, lower prices, and advertising featuring Bollywood stars. This new strategy helped increase Coca-Cola's sales by 25% last year. While Coca-Cola had struggled in India previously, writing down $2 billion in assets in 2000, its recovery is now being called remarkable.
Este documento resume los hitos más importantes en la historia de la computación en México desde 1958 hasta 2002. En 1958, la UNAM instaló la primera computadora IBM 650. En 1966, México se unió al sistema satelital y transmitió los Juegos Olímpicos mundialmente. En 1972, el INEGI procesó electrónicamente por primera vez los datos del censo nacional. A finales de los 80 y principios de los 90, aparecieron las primeras computadoras personales de IBM y Apple en México y se establecieron compañías de telecomunicaciones como
Epic Research is performing a basic role as a leading financial advisory firm by providing good recommendations for,KLSE Stocks, Comex and Forex and all other segments with the help of experts and it maintains high accuracy.
O texto discute como avisos de interesse público são frequentemente redigidos de forma rebuscada e inacessível ao público leigo devido ao pedantismo de legisladores. Isso porque termos complexos e construções gramaticais pouco usuais são empregados ao invés de uma linguagem simples e direta. O autor defende que linguistas deveriam ser consultados para melhorar a comunicação desses avisos.
A couple's parents disapproved of their relationship and forbade them from seeing each other again after the man was late returning home. World War I then broke out, with the woman serving as a nurse and the man going off to war. Their love continued despite these difficulties and separation.
Dr. Seung-Woon Rha graduated from Korea University's medical school and completed his residency and clinical fellowship training in cardiology and cardiovascular intervention at Korea University Hospital. He is currently a Professor and the Director of the Cardiovascular Center at Korea University Guro Hospital, where he runs programs in complex cardiovascular intervention and international research fellowships. Dr. Rha is an expert in complex coronary and peripheral interventions, including CTOs. He has over 330 peer-reviewed publications and has presented 1975 abstracts at various international meetings.
Molecular Solutions For The Set-Partition Problem On Dna-Based Computingijcsit
Consider that the every element in a finite set S having q elements is a positive integer. The set-partition
problem is to determine whether there is a subset T Í S such that ,
Î Î
=
x T x T
x x where T = {x| x Î S and
x Ï T}. This research demonstrates that molecular operations can be applied to solve the set-partition
problem. In order to perform this goal, we offer two DNA-based algorithms, an unsigned parallel adder
and a parallel Exclusive-OR (XOR) operation, that formally demonstrate our designed molecular solutions
for solving the set-partition problem.
Shakira nació en Barranquilla, Colombia en 1977. Es hija de padre libanés y madre colombiana. Ha ganado varios premios Grammy y es conocida por canciones como "Whenever, Wherever", "Hips Don't Lie" y por apoyar la educación a través de su fundación Pies Descalzos.
1. El documento proporciona una secuencia didáctica para describir el personaje principal de un libro álbum a través de 10 preguntas. Estas preguntas solicitan detalles como el nombre, la especie, el hogar, las características físicas y la personalidad del personaje, así como otros personajes y el título de la historia.
Una webquest es una herramienta de aprendizaje guiado que utiliza recursos de Internet. Se compone de una introducción, una tarea, un proceso para completar la tarea, recursos en línea, una evaluación y una conclusión. Explica las partes clave de una webquest y sus definiciones.
Los fecalomas son masas endurecidas de heces en los pliegues del recto que resultan de la retención prolongada de material fecal. Pueden causar estreñimiento, dolor rectal, distensión abdominal y masas palpables. Generalmente se forman por malos hábitos de defecación, aunque también pueden deberse a medicaciones, enfermedades o debilidad muscular en ancianos. En ocasiones requieren extracción manual u otras medidas terapéuticas.
CP - Le nouveau président de la Fédération Française de la Maroquinerie, Arna...Conseil National du Cuir
Le Conseil National du Cuir, présidé par Frank Boehly, anime la filière des entreprises françaises du cuir, de l’élevage jusqu’à la distribution. Arnaud Haefelin, élu le 3 juin Président de la Fédération Française de la Maroquinerie par le comité fédéral réuni à la suite de l’Assemblée générale annuelle, rejoint ainsi les instances du Conseil National du Cuir.
This document discusses a study that used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the factors affecting the choice of coffee product categories sold in landscape coffee shops in Taiwan. Through literature review, expert interviews, and AHP analysis of survey data, the study found that the order of preference for coffee products among consumers was Italian coffee, Americano coffee, and hand-drip coffee. The results provide useful suggestions for landscape coffee shops regarding their selection of specialty coffee drinks.
1) The document discusses a study on the impact of coffee service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. It examines factors like interaction, physical environment, result quality, representativeness, and diversity.
2) It provides background on measuring service quality, discussing models like SERVQUAL and SERVPERF that measure factors like tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness.
3) Specifically, it examines Brady and Cronin's three-dimensional hierarchical model of interaction quality, physical environmental quality, and result quality to measure coffee service quality and its impact on positive emotions and loyalty.
The document analyzes and compares the touchpoints of four coffee brands - Nespresso, Lavazza, Merlo and Di Bella - to understand how they deliver an "ultimate coffee experience". It uses theories like Tiger's Pleasure Framework to analyze key touchpoints like websites and stores. For Nespresso and Lavazza, their storefronts and websites are analyzed finding that Nespresso focuses on a premium experience with dark colors and urban design while Lavazza emphasizes product quality with a casual Italian style. The analysis aims to understand customer experience delivery across touchpoints for the brands.
This document provides an overview of the cosmetics industry in India. It discusses how India's growing urban population is fueling demand for cosmetic products. Market liberalization in 1991 and Indians winning beauty pageants have made Indian women more conscious of their appearance and changed their cosmetic consumption patterns. The Indian cosmetics and toiletries market grew by 8.7% in 2001, reaching Rs126 billion in value sales. The market is characterized by high volume sales of low-end toiletries as well as growing demand from the middle class for cosmetics and upper-mass toiletries. More specialized products have yet to see success in India.
4th OpenAIRE Workshop - Legal and Sustainability Issues for Open Access Infrastructures
Nov. Vilnius
Preliminary Results of the OpenAIRE Sustainability Study - Phoebe Koundouri, Associate Professor - Athens University of Economic and Business
The document is a project report submitted by Mr. Hitesh Rohra for his M.Com degree that examines consumers' perceptions of coffee bars. It outlines the objectives, research methodology, data collection and analysis plan to understand factors influencing consumers' choice of coffee outlets and spending patterns. The report will analyze the effect of demographics like age, income, education and occupation on consumers' decisions to select domestic or international coffee chain outlets.
Mae Fah Luang University School of Management MBA Business Plan Thesis Format...C.C. Dr. Tan
This document provides a business plan for establishing an affordable coffee shop chain in Shanghai, China. It begins with an overview of the booming Chinese coffee market and current consumption trends. Most coffee houses currently follow a differentiation strategy focused on luxury, while there is demand for reasonably priced fresh coffee available more regularly. The business plan proposes developing a coffee shop chain utilizing a low-cost strategy to offer affordable fresh coffee as a daily drink in China's largest city, Shanghai.
Reaction Paper 2 The Matrix Length 2 single spaced pages.docxmakdul
Reaction Paper 2: The Matrix
Length: 2 single spaced pages plus reference page / 100 points
For this paper, you will explore the process of communicative informatics, the social shaping of
communication technology, represented in the movie, The Matrix. You will analyze how the
characters using communication technology influence each other and their social worlds. You can
extend this to how the movie exemplifies our current society and its uses of communication
technology.
You may apply any technological and communication concepts, theories, and/or perspectives
from class material to develop your analysis. Have a central thesis that is a major theme or
concept from course materials. Overarching themes to help guide your analysis are
Communicative Informatics level/sphere (data-base analytics, algorithmic reasoning, post-mass
media feedback loop), third places, media naturalness, presence, flow, usability, and user
engagement.
To help facilitate your analysis here are some questions to consider.
1. New technology implies changing social interaction patterns and social norms. How do
the characters influences and mold technology to fit their needs? Are they active
audiences? How are they part of online communities, communities online, audiences,
and/or third places?
2. Discuss how the characters influences their social world(s) using Communicative
Informatics level/sphere 2, Network Systems & Human Computer Interaction/Interface,
and then at level/sphere 3, Communicative; Information & Communication
Technologies. The system learns about users through gathering data in databases; while, the user
can learn to use the tailored information to his or her advantage.
3. In what ways does technology foster information transfer, communication, and social
interaction? Is it natural? Is it mediated or face-to-face? How does media naturalness
explain social interaction though technology in the matrix? What role might proximity
play in increasing user engagement?
Be creative and have fun with it. Remember to integrate readings & concepts from class.
Support your claims with examples from the movie. Cite sources. Here is a list of detailed
concepts to consider.
- Information
- Communication
- Feedback
- Communicative Informatics
- Media type & symbolic cues
- Sender
- Receiver
- Channel/Medium
- Media
- Feedback
- Noise
- Levels/Spheres of Communication
- Interactivity and Push & Pull Media
- Paradigm
- Narrowcasting
- Media Uses and Gratifications
- Illusion of Audience control
- Burke Identification
- Active Audiences
- Universal Audience
- Elite or “Particular Audience”
- A single hearer: Appeal to
participation; Appeal to Proximity
- Social media
- Engagement
- Shared Locality
- Structural norms (social
- rules)
- Speech Community
- Online communities
- Communities online
- Social presence theory
- Technology Adoption Model
- Ages of: communities and pl ...
Understanding market research - Moses GomesMoses Gomes
This document discusses market research, including its definition, purpose, process, types, techniques, and limitations. Market research is defined as the systematic process of gathering and analyzing information to improve marketing decision-making. It helps companies understand customer needs and behaviors. The key purposes of market research are to strategize marketing plans, reduce costs, and introduce products that create value for customers. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques are used to gather primary and secondary data. The overall market research process involves specifying the problem, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations include cost, time constraints, and the lag between research and application.
Library Evaluation in 3 Parts - Presented by Dr. Bill Irwin, Computers in Lib...Hamilton Public Library
This document summarizes current research in library evaluation presented at the Ontario Library Association Super Conference on January 29. It discusses three areas of research: 1) A 2014 study on introducing new evaluation practices in public libraries and how organizational culture impacts evaluation; 2) Early findings from a 2014 survey of Ontario municipal councillors on their expectations of public library evaluation; 3) Plans to develop an "L-Value Index" to measure the economic, social, cultural, and educational impacts of Canadian public libraries. The presentation explores challenges of moving from an output-based evaluation model to one focused on capturing outcomes and impacts.
O texto discute como avisos de interesse público são frequentemente redigidos de forma rebuscada e inacessível ao público leigo devido ao pedantismo de legisladores. Isso porque termos complexos e construções gramaticais pouco usuais são empregados ao invés de uma linguagem simples e direta. O autor defende que linguistas deveriam ser consultados para melhorar a comunicação desses avisos.
A couple's parents disapproved of their relationship and forbade them from seeing each other again after the man was late returning home. World War I then broke out, with the woman serving as a nurse and the man going off to war. Their love continued despite these difficulties and separation.
Dr. Seung-Woon Rha graduated from Korea University's medical school and completed his residency and clinical fellowship training in cardiology and cardiovascular intervention at Korea University Hospital. He is currently a Professor and the Director of the Cardiovascular Center at Korea University Guro Hospital, where he runs programs in complex cardiovascular intervention and international research fellowships. Dr. Rha is an expert in complex coronary and peripheral interventions, including CTOs. He has over 330 peer-reviewed publications and has presented 1975 abstracts at various international meetings.
Molecular Solutions For The Set-Partition Problem On Dna-Based Computingijcsit
Consider that the every element in a finite set S having q elements is a positive integer. The set-partition
problem is to determine whether there is a subset T Í S such that ,
Î Î
=
x T x T
x x where T = {x| x Î S and
x Ï T}. This research demonstrates that molecular operations can be applied to solve the set-partition
problem. In order to perform this goal, we offer two DNA-based algorithms, an unsigned parallel adder
and a parallel Exclusive-OR (XOR) operation, that formally demonstrate our designed molecular solutions
for solving the set-partition problem.
Shakira nació en Barranquilla, Colombia en 1977. Es hija de padre libanés y madre colombiana. Ha ganado varios premios Grammy y es conocida por canciones como "Whenever, Wherever", "Hips Don't Lie" y por apoyar la educación a través de su fundación Pies Descalzos.
1. El documento proporciona una secuencia didáctica para describir el personaje principal de un libro álbum a través de 10 preguntas. Estas preguntas solicitan detalles como el nombre, la especie, el hogar, las características físicas y la personalidad del personaje, así como otros personajes y el título de la historia.
Una webquest es una herramienta de aprendizaje guiado que utiliza recursos de Internet. Se compone de una introducción, una tarea, un proceso para completar la tarea, recursos en línea, una evaluación y una conclusión. Explica las partes clave de una webquest y sus definiciones.
Los fecalomas son masas endurecidas de heces en los pliegues del recto que resultan de la retención prolongada de material fecal. Pueden causar estreñimiento, dolor rectal, distensión abdominal y masas palpables. Generalmente se forman por malos hábitos de defecación, aunque también pueden deberse a medicaciones, enfermedades o debilidad muscular en ancianos. En ocasiones requieren extracción manual u otras medidas terapéuticas.
CP - Le nouveau président de la Fédération Française de la Maroquinerie, Arna...Conseil National du Cuir
Le Conseil National du Cuir, présidé par Frank Boehly, anime la filière des entreprises françaises du cuir, de l’élevage jusqu’à la distribution. Arnaud Haefelin, élu le 3 juin Président de la Fédération Française de la Maroquinerie par le comité fédéral réuni à la suite de l’Assemblée générale annuelle, rejoint ainsi les instances du Conseil National du Cuir.
This document discusses a study that used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the factors affecting the choice of coffee product categories sold in landscape coffee shops in Taiwan. Through literature review, expert interviews, and AHP analysis of survey data, the study found that the order of preference for coffee products among consumers was Italian coffee, Americano coffee, and hand-drip coffee. The results provide useful suggestions for landscape coffee shops regarding their selection of specialty coffee drinks.
1) The document discusses a study on the impact of coffee service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. It examines factors like interaction, physical environment, result quality, representativeness, and diversity.
2) It provides background on measuring service quality, discussing models like SERVQUAL and SERVPERF that measure factors like tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness.
3) Specifically, it examines Brady and Cronin's three-dimensional hierarchical model of interaction quality, physical environmental quality, and result quality to measure coffee service quality and its impact on positive emotions and loyalty.
The document analyzes and compares the touchpoints of four coffee brands - Nespresso, Lavazza, Merlo and Di Bella - to understand how they deliver an "ultimate coffee experience". It uses theories like Tiger's Pleasure Framework to analyze key touchpoints like websites and stores. For Nespresso and Lavazza, their storefronts and websites are analyzed finding that Nespresso focuses on a premium experience with dark colors and urban design while Lavazza emphasizes product quality with a casual Italian style. The analysis aims to understand customer experience delivery across touchpoints for the brands.
This document provides an overview of the cosmetics industry in India. It discusses how India's growing urban population is fueling demand for cosmetic products. Market liberalization in 1991 and Indians winning beauty pageants have made Indian women more conscious of their appearance and changed their cosmetic consumption patterns. The Indian cosmetics and toiletries market grew by 8.7% in 2001, reaching Rs126 billion in value sales. The market is characterized by high volume sales of low-end toiletries as well as growing demand from the middle class for cosmetics and upper-mass toiletries. More specialized products have yet to see success in India.
4th OpenAIRE Workshop - Legal and Sustainability Issues for Open Access Infrastructures
Nov. Vilnius
Preliminary Results of the OpenAIRE Sustainability Study - Phoebe Koundouri, Associate Professor - Athens University of Economic and Business
The document is a project report submitted by Mr. Hitesh Rohra for his M.Com degree that examines consumers' perceptions of coffee bars. It outlines the objectives, research methodology, data collection and analysis plan to understand factors influencing consumers' choice of coffee outlets and spending patterns. The report will analyze the effect of demographics like age, income, education and occupation on consumers' decisions to select domestic or international coffee chain outlets.
Mae Fah Luang University School of Management MBA Business Plan Thesis Format...C.C. Dr. Tan
This document provides a business plan for establishing an affordable coffee shop chain in Shanghai, China. It begins with an overview of the booming Chinese coffee market and current consumption trends. Most coffee houses currently follow a differentiation strategy focused on luxury, while there is demand for reasonably priced fresh coffee available more regularly. The business plan proposes developing a coffee shop chain utilizing a low-cost strategy to offer affordable fresh coffee as a daily drink in China's largest city, Shanghai.
Reaction Paper 2 The Matrix Length 2 single spaced pages.docxmakdul
Reaction Paper 2: The Matrix
Length: 2 single spaced pages plus reference page / 100 points
For this paper, you will explore the process of communicative informatics, the social shaping of
communication technology, represented in the movie, The Matrix. You will analyze how the
characters using communication technology influence each other and their social worlds. You can
extend this to how the movie exemplifies our current society and its uses of communication
technology.
You may apply any technological and communication concepts, theories, and/or perspectives
from class material to develop your analysis. Have a central thesis that is a major theme or
concept from course materials. Overarching themes to help guide your analysis are
Communicative Informatics level/sphere (data-base analytics, algorithmic reasoning, post-mass
media feedback loop), third places, media naturalness, presence, flow, usability, and user
engagement.
To help facilitate your analysis here are some questions to consider.
1. New technology implies changing social interaction patterns and social norms. How do
the characters influences and mold technology to fit their needs? Are they active
audiences? How are they part of online communities, communities online, audiences,
and/or third places?
2. Discuss how the characters influences their social world(s) using Communicative
Informatics level/sphere 2, Network Systems & Human Computer Interaction/Interface,
and then at level/sphere 3, Communicative; Information & Communication
Technologies. The system learns about users through gathering data in databases; while, the user
can learn to use the tailored information to his or her advantage.
3. In what ways does technology foster information transfer, communication, and social
interaction? Is it natural? Is it mediated or face-to-face? How does media naturalness
explain social interaction though technology in the matrix? What role might proximity
play in increasing user engagement?
Be creative and have fun with it. Remember to integrate readings & concepts from class.
Support your claims with examples from the movie. Cite sources. Here is a list of detailed
concepts to consider.
- Information
- Communication
- Feedback
- Communicative Informatics
- Media type & symbolic cues
- Sender
- Receiver
- Channel/Medium
- Media
- Feedback
- Noise
- Levels/Spheres of Communication
- Interactivity and Push & Pull Media
- Paradigm
- Narrowcasting
- Media Uses and Gratifications
- Illusion of Audience control
- Burke Identification
- Active Audiences
- Universal Audience
- Elite or “Particular Audience”
- A single hearer: Appeal to
participation; Appeal to Proximity
- Social media
- Engagement
- Shared Locality
- Structural norms (social
- rules)
- Speech Community
- Online communities
- Communities online
- Social presence theory
- Technology Adoption Model
- Ages of: communities and pl ...
Understanding market research - Moses GomesMoses Gomes
This document discusses market research, including its definition, purpose, process, types, techniques, and limitations. Market research is defined as the systematic process of gathering and analyzing information to improve marketing decision-making. It helps companies understand customer needs and behaviors. The key purposes of market research are to strategize marketing plans, reduce costs, and introduce products that create value for customers. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques are used to gather primary and secondary data. The overall market research process involves specifying the problem, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations include cost, time constraints, and the lag between research and application.
Library Evaluation in 3 Parts - Presented by Dr. Bill Irwin, Computers in Lib...Hamilton Public Library
This document summarizes current research in library evaluation presented at the Ontario Library Association Super Conference on January 29. It discusses three areas of research: 1) A 2014 study on introducing new evaluation practices in public libraries and how organizational culture impacts evaluation; 2) Early findings from a 2014 survey of Ontario municipal councillors on their expectations of public library evaluation; 3) Plans to develop an "L-Value Index" to measure the economic, social, cultural, and educational impacts of Canadian public libraries. The presentation explores challenges of moving from an output-based evaluation model to one focused on capturing outcomes and impacts.
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MINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND BRAND ASSOCIATIONSijmvsc
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Study On Decision-Making For Café Management Alternatives
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Study On Decision-Making For Café Management
Alternatives
Cheng-I Hou
Yu Da University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Chung Hua University, Taiwan
ABSTRACT
In recent years, many new cafés have emerged onto the market. Other than view cafés, beautiful cafés that
seem as if they came from Paris or New York have gradually appeared in leisure and quiet residential
areas, in alleyways, in peripheral areas, and in local commercial areas. In particular, leisure is trendy at
present, and modern restaurants innovate in terms of their food, leisure, and consumption. Unlike
traditional restaurants, they are able to develop into cafés with unique styles to attract consumers. Even
though not all of these new cafés are successful, as cafés are an industry that is at the forefront of fashion,
many individuals who dream of entrepreneurship would want to open a café. However, as there are many
types of cafés on the market, what type and style of cafés are the most suitable? An overview of cafés in
Taiwan shows that each café offer unique services and functions to attract consumers, which is the key to
sustainable operations of cafés. Therefore, this study explores the decisions of companies when choosing
the style for their cafés. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the selection of
café styles, in order to provide references for café operators to achieve successful and sustainable
operations. Based on literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study intends to provide useful
results to the operators of cafés.
KEYWORDS
Decision Making, View Cafés, Analytical Hierarchy Process
1. INTRODUCTION
Since the government began implementing two-day weekends to stimulate the tourism market in
Taiwan, going outside into nature has become an important part of tourism in Taiwan. Unique
natural landscapes, mountains and rivers, forest and streams, and various plants and flowers in
connection to culture and art in cafés, as well as the landscape, are all popular destinations for the
public on weekends. The first priority in determining the type of style in a café is to conduct an
objective self-evaluation. Choosing the right style for the store is the key factor in the success or
failure of the café. Cafés not only need to provide delicious food and attractive interior décor; a
successful café requires complete devotion and attention to details.
An overview of cafés in Taiwan shows that there is a common feature, namely, that it can fully
demonstrate the operator’s style. Regardless of whether it is the design, music, or taste preferred
by the operator, they would be completely released in this space, thus, it can resonate with
consumers, who in turn gather in the spaces. Most cafés have unique styles and amicable
interaction with consumers, thus attracting returning consumers. Besides the gourmet foods that
impress consumers, the styles of cafés are also reasons for consumer revisits. Regardless of where
cafés open, provided it has a strong personal style, consumers who like the same style would
naturally visit.
DOI : 10.5121/ijcsit.2013.5605
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2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
The styles of cafés include décor, which refers to the sensory effects of the café, as well as the
unique sense of design by the operator; these are tools to attract consumers. Styles of cafés on the
market can be divided into the three types, namely, fashion cafés, theme cafés, and view cafés.
Fashion cafés generally understand cultural trends and demonstrate sensitive and avant-garde
styles. Theme cafés are usually based on the personal preferences of the operators, establishing
various types of theme cafés, based on music, books, antiques, or maids.
View cafés not only provide food services, such as coffee and snacks, but also utilize natural or
artificial scenery. Every view café has its unique style or atmosphere. Besides natural scenery,
owners would decorate their cafés in accordance with nearby scenery. By combining coffee and
scenery, customers with different needs are attracted to such cafés. On the whole, as view cafés
provide consumers with services aside from coffee by incorporating beautiful visual sceneries,
they can offer higher-quality leisure experiences in terms of consumer vision and environment.
There are many essential elements to opening cafés, including capital, the number of employees,
and the size of the store. The success or failure of cafés is also related to the style of cafés. This
study uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the factors considered by operators in
choosing a style of café, in turn elevating the probability of success, and achieving the objective
of sustainable operations.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In order to collect data on current elements and styles of cafés, this study uses the following
research methods and steps listed:
2.1. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
AHP was first proposed by American scholar Saaty. in late 1970s [1]. It is a method that
combines qualitative and quantitative features, which can be used to process complex social,
political, economic, and technical problems for decision-making. It can systematize, modularize,
and digitize complex decision-making thinking and processes, and can solve multi-objective,
multi-level, and multi-criteria problems. In particular, it offers considerable precision in
ascertaining the weight factors of various evaluation indicators. The procedure of AHP is to
divide complex questions into various component factors, and use relationships to categorize
these elements. They thus form orderly hierarchical structures on the basis of which paired
comparisons are used to determine the relative importance of the elements in the levels. Finally,
these determinations are used to obtain the weights of elements in the decision-making process,
thus, decision-makers can identify the relationships among influential factors.
Teng and Tseng [2, 3] suggested that the usage of AHP can be divided into two parts: establish
the hierarchy, and evaluate the hierarchy. In the AHP, complex problems are evaluated by experts
and scholars on the initial elements, and then expressed in simple hierarchical structures. After
determining the eigenvectors, the priorities of elements in the hierarchy are compared. The
consistency of paired matrices is evaluated to find out whether there are any errors, and whether it
can be used as a reference. Figure 1 shows the process of AHP.
68
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Figure 1. AHP process [2, 3]
AHP uses the hierarchical structure to create systematic connections among complex
relationships that exist among factors. As it performs paired factor comparison, the thoughts and
intentions of experts can be clearly and effectively expressed.
AHP first analyzes and categorizes complex decision-making problems into related hierarchical
structures, where each element in a level is developed in a tree-style based on connections. Then,
experts are invited to compare pairs of elements in the same level to determine the relative
importance. Then, linear algebraic methods are used to solve the relative importance of decision
factors in each level compared to the objectives in the higher level and the topmost level (which
can be seen as levels of priority). This method is used to compute downward for the relative
importance (priorities). Finally, the elemental weights that affect an objective in a decisionmaking system are computed.
AHP is theoretically simple and easy to operate, and it is possible to effectively arrive at a
common consensus among most experts and decision-makers. Complex influential and evaluation
factors can be expressed in a simple hierarchical structure, as shown in Figure 2, rendering it
easier for decision-makers to accept the relationships among factors [4-11].
69
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Figure 2. AHP hierarchical structure [2, 3]
2.2. Interview Survey Method
Besides literature review, this study carried out discussions with personnel in the coffee industry,
food industry, hotel industry, and leisure and recreation industries. The purpose was to understand
their preferences for the styles of cafés, as well as their personal experiences, in order to gain
more specific data. The data collected from the interviews were used to design the questionnaire.
The results of interviews were used to evaluate factors with important influence, and the
questionnaire system was used to collect research and analytical samples for further
understanding. Evaluation of the designed questionnaire and subsequent analysis are the main
procedures involved in this study. It is intended that this method can allow greater understanding
of the selection of styles of cafés [4-11].
Elements in each level have elements in the level above as the evaluation criteria for paired
comparison. Therefore, each paired comparison is based on a 1-9 scale. The subjects responded
by ticking the corresponding scale for each paired element comparison. Based on the results of
questionnaire surveys, the paired comparison matrices were established. A computer was used to
extract the eigen values and eigenvectors of each comparison matrix, and establish the
consistency of matrices. [4-11]
3. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURES
The research procedures are shown in Figure 3, including literature analysis, professional
interviews, and questionnaire surveys. The important factors in views regarding the selection of
café styles were investigated. The research framework of this study included questionnaire
collection and analysis, questionnaire evaluations, and subsequent analysis. Finally, AHP was
used to analyze samples and order, as well as summarize the factors in choosing café styles and
the weighted relationships. AHP separates the levels into systematized complex problems, and
uses quantitative scoring to determine and analyze the weighted values of elements by levels,
which serve as the foundation for overall reference.
70
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Figure 3. Research flowchart [7-11]
Cafés in Taiwan have their unique styles to attract the attention of consumers, but what standards
were used in choosing the styles? Thus, this study seeks to explore this dimension, and attempts
to discover the priorities and criteria for operators of caf s when choosing a style. The findings
can provide future café operators with a reference for modification or enhancement of their
operations. AHP was used to construct the “Scale for café style selection evaluation,” as shown in
Figure 4. A questionnaire was designed for survey. The collected data were analyzed to conduct
critical analysis on choosing café styles.
é
71
6. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Figure 4. Café style selection evaluation level frameworks
The exploration of choices for café styles are divided into three levels: 1) café style selection
evaluation; 2) the evaluation factors level; 3) the lowest alternatives level. The factors are
compared in pairs and divided into five scales (see the explanation in Table 1), with equally
strong, slightly strong, quite strong, extremely strong, absolutely strong, and a median value. The
questionnaire method is used to form the framework for paired comparison matrices, in which
group decision-making is used to integrate the analysis and compute the factor evaluation values
of each level.
Table 1. AHP evaluation scale semantics and descriptions [4-11]
Scale evaluation
1
3
5
7
9
2, 4, 6, 8
Semantics
Equally strong
(equally important)
Slightly stronger
(slightly more important)
Quite strong
(quite important)
Extremely strong
(extremely strong)
Absolutely strong
(absolutely important)
Two adjacent
intermediate values
Meaning descriptions
Two factors are equally important
According to experience/judgment, one
factor is slightly more important than
another
According to experience/judgment, a factor
is strongly preferred.
A factor is extremely preferred.
A factor is evidenced as absolutely
important.
A compromise value between the above
descriptions
4. RESEARCH RESULTS
Excel and Expert Choice 2000 were used to analyze the data, and the weight analysis and
verification process for the measurement dimensions using AHP method are:
The paired comparison matrices obtained using Expert Choice for analysis of the data is as shown
in Table 2:
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7. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
Table 2. Paired comparison matrices of influential factors in the second level
Influence factors
Capital
Number of employees
Scale of café
Column total
Capital
1
0.135135135
0.120481928
1.255617063
Number of employees
7.4
1
0.384615385
8.784615385
Scale of café
8.3
2.6
1
11.9
Using the column sums of the influential factors of the rows in Table 2, standardized value
computations are conducted, as shown in Table 3:
Table 3. Standardized paired comparison matrices and weight values of influential factors in the second
level
Influence factors
Capital
Capital
Number of employees
Scale of café
Number of
employees
7.4
1
0.384615385
1
0.135135135
0.120481928
Scale of café
Weight
8.3
2.6
1
0.778761
0.146649
0.07459
This conforms to the AHP requirements proposed by Saaty; C.I. <= 0.1 & C.R. <= 0.1; therefore,
the consistency of this matrix is satisfactory. The remaining target dimensions and indicators are
also confirmed through this process, and the summary analysis shows that C.I. <= 0.1 and C.R.
<= 0.1. Hence, the consistency of this matrix is satisfactory, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Weight values and consistency values
Target dimension
Café style
selection
evaluation
Evaluation
criteria
Capital
Weight values
Ranking
Consistency value
0.778761
1
Number of
employees
Scale of café
0.146649
2
0.07459
3
C.I.= 0.040434851
C.R.= 0.06971526
C.I. <= 0.1
&
C.R. <= 0.1
According to this computation method, the weight values and consistency values in Table 5 are
derived:
Table 5. Weight values and consistency values
Factor dimension
Evaluation criteria
Weight values
Ranking
Capital
View cafés
Fashion cafés
Theme cafés
View cafés
Fashion cafés
Theme cafés
View cafés
Fashion cafés
Theme cafés
0.357584
0.516845
0.125571
0.456149
0.451729
0.092122
0.58688
0.347708
0.065412
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Number of
employees
Scale of café
Consistency
values
C.I.= 0.03868
C.R.= 0.06669
C.I.= 0.05530
C.R.= 0.09534
C.I.= 0.05528
C.R.= 0.09531
73
8. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
The results of consistency testing are shown in Table 6. It is observed that the first café style
selection is “fashion cafés,” followed by “view cafés,” and the third is “theme cafés,” as shown in
Figure 5.
Table 6. Overall weighted evaluation chart
Chosen alternative
View cafés
Fashion cafés
Theme cafés
Overall weighted evaluation
0.389142145
0.494679594
0.116178261
Ranking
2
1
3
Figure 5. Overall weighted evaluation diagram
As shown above, in terms of café style selection evaluations, operators are most concerned with
“fashion cafés,” followed by “view cafés,” and finally by “theme cafés.”
5. CONCLUSIONS
The operation of a successful café requires unique personal style to attract consumers. The
selection of café styles has become increasingly diversified, and analysis based only on traditional
impressions and maximum profit is no longer sufficient for the correct choice of a suitable style.
When there is insufficient or incomplete data, the basis for determinations change. This study
found that current selection evaluations of café styles are focused on fashion cafés and view
cafés, and while the ratio of theme cafés is small. The difference in the ratio of fashion cafés and
view cafés is not large. Perhaps in urban areas fashion cafés are more popular, while view cafés
are more popular in the suburbs, as most view cafés are located in scenic areas. The selection of
location is discussed in another article [9].
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9. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 5, No 6, December 2013
REFERENCES
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[8] Hou, C.I., Chang, H.I., Ku, C.T. & Kulikowski, L., (2013) “Using AHP to Compare and Select
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[9] Hou, C.I., Huang, H.C., Lo, C.Y. & Tsai, Y.H., (2014) “A Study of Using AHP to Discuss Landscape
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[10] Hou, C.I., Huang, H.C. & Lo, C.Y., (2014) “Study on Decision Making to Construct Coffee Shop Ecommerce Websites”, International Journal of Leisure Business Management, Vol.2, No. 1, pp. 12-19.
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Coffee Shops”, Research Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-8.
Authors
Hou, Cheng-I received the Ph.D. degree in Information Systems from Nova Southeastern
University, Florida U.S.A. in 1991, as an Associate Professor. His research interests are
using Information Technology to solve Leisure Management problems.
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