Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of morning sickness where excessive pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting prevents adequate food/fluid intake. Causes are unknown but may involve high levels of hCG and hormones. Symptoms include weight loss, dehydration, nutritional deficiencies, and vomiting that lasts into the second trimester. Treatment focuses on rehydration, antiemetic medications, nutritional support, and management of symptoms to allow eating. Complications can be severe without treatment.

1. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of morning sickness, during pregnancy in which excessive pregnancy-related nausea and/or vomiting that prevents adequate intake of food and fluids.<br />Hyperemesis is considered a rare complication of pregnancy, with difficult to differentiate between common morning sickness and hyper emesis.(Hyper-, meaning excessive, and emesis, meaning vomiting,, gravida, meaning pregnant Therefore, hyperemesis gravidarum means \"
excessive vomiting in pregnancy)<br />Cause:-<br />The cause of HG is unknown. In particular Hyper emesis may be due to raised levels of beta HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) as it is more common in multiple pregnancies and in gestational trophoblastic disease. This theory would also explain why hyperemesis gravidarum is most frequently encountered in first trimester (often around 8 - 12 weeks of gestation), as HCG levels are highest at that time and decline afterwards.<br />-Additional theories point to high levels of estrogen and progesterone<br />(Historically, HG was blamed upon a psychological condition of the pregnant women. Medical professionals believed it was a reaction to an unwanted pregnancy or some other emotional or psychological problem).<br />-There may be a genetic component.<br />Symptoms:-<br />When HG is severe and/or inadequately treated, it may result in:<br />Loss of 5% or more of pre-pregnancy body weight

2. Dehydration, which may causing ketosis and constipation

3. Nutritional deficiencies

4. Metabolic imbalances