Several studies have found that warm air hand dryers are more hygienic than other drying methods like paper towels. They reduce bacteria and viruses on hands more effectively due to the warm air penetrating crevices and dehydrating the skin faster. While one study funded by paper towel makers found otherwise, it had flawed methodology and was not peer reviewed. Most medical research has concluded that warm air dryers do not spread more bacteria in the air and may reduce it compared to other surfaces in washrooms.
Hospital pillows - Infection control risks and measures to reduce them.conorstapleton
Slide set examining medical literature, identifying risks and outlining measures to reduce risks. Includes observations of Infection Control staff at UK NHS Hospital facilities.
www.sleepangel-medical.com.
Stand 30, IPS 2014.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
2
Air Purifiers: Bibliography
The History of Air Purifiers is an article under the General Health section of the Free Drinking Water site. The article discusses the history and technology about air purifiers. In that period of time, they are just made as simple protective air respirators that can protect users from inhaling the negative elements in the air.The authors contend that the concept of air purification, as well as air purification products, have been invented for quite some time. For instance, the breathing mask used by firefighters was invented in 1823 by Charles and John Dean. In 1854, John Stenhouse made an improvement to the technology by inventing a filter design based on charcoal. In 1871, John Tyndall improved the technology further by inventing a respirator. The article announced that the concept of air purification came out due to firefighting. Nowadays, there are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production. Several companies are investing their capitals to the further development of the air purifier technology. The technology of HEPA air filter was a significant mile stone in the technology used to clean air(APEC,nd).
This technology has gradually evolved to be adjustable, affordable and feasible for home use. There are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. According to APEC, the technology about air purification increases alongside an advancement in the commercial viability of air-purifying products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production.However, it is also claims that Multiple Chemical Sensitivity has been a problem to air filtration over the years. Although the problem is being identified effectively, it has not been fully endorsed by the medical community. As for now, air-cleaning products are doing better than before. Microscopic allergens, toxic gasses and other pollutants including trapping particles are being dealt with effectively. The article plans that the future will bring about paramount advances that will make the quality of air much better (APEC,nd).
The main purpose of this article is to bring to light the facts about air purification technology. The authors mentioned that most consumers have a very little idea about how air purification technology came into existence. Remarkably, it can be find from the article that the air purifier was invented to eliminate different types of harmful and irritating contaminants from the air. Although the purifiers are mainly used by people who have respiratory problems or those who suffe ...
this presentation involves the various sterilization and asepsis procedure that can be carried out in our dental clinics for proper maintenance of surgical as well as other procedures.
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs): Research NewsletterErin K. Peavey
In the US “One in 25 patients have a hospital-acquired
infection...Each day, over 205 deaths occur from HAIs...”
— Centers for Disease Control, 2011
An overview of this month’s article follows with bullet-points of the advantages and disadvantages of various environmental interventions in the prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), often referred to as hospital-acquired infections. Paragraph summaries of Cleaning Strategies, Materials, Room Design and Hand-Hygiene are listed below. These provide broad themes and findings from the article. Reading the full article is always of benefit for a fuller understanding and is recommended. Click here to access the full article on the HERD Journal website.
GENERAL OVERVIEW POWERPOINT OF TOMI PRODUCTS,USES AND THE WORLDWIDE CONCERN OF EMERGING PATHOGENS ALONG WITH HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO INDOOR POLLUTION AND DISEASE.
Design and Materials Selection: analysis of similar sanitary pads for daily useIJERA Editor
Hygiene practices have effects on vulvovaginal microbiota. Specific products for intimate female hygiene are available in the market, such as the sanitary pads. Since these pads were introduced in the market , they became the focus of research that seek to improve their shape, manufacturing processes and the properties of materials used in order to provide more benefits to users. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the fabrics used in daily sanitary pads, focusing on the development of future products. The spectra generated by FTIR/ATR suggest that the samples were composed of polypropylene. The photomicrographs showed that the polymeric outer layer was made of nonwoven fabric manufactured by spunbond and point bonding processes.
Hospital pillows - Infection control risks and measures to reduce them.conorstapleton
Slide set examining medical literature, identifying risks and outlining measures to reduce risks. Includes observations of Infection Control staff at UK NHS Hospital facilities.
www.sleepangel-medical.com.
Stand 30, IPS 2014.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
2
Air Purifiers: Bibliography
The History of Air Purifiers is an article under the General Health section of the Free Drinking Water site. The article discusses the history and technology about air purifiers. In that period of time, they are just made as simple protective air respirators that can protect users from inhaling the negative elements in the air.The authors contend that the concept of air purification, as well as air purification products, have been invented for quite some time. For instance, the breathing mask used by firefighters was invented in 1823 by Charles and John Dean. In 1854, John Stenhouse made an improvement to the technology by inventing a filter design based on charcoal. In 1871, John Tyndall improved the technology further by inventing a respirator. The article announced that the concept of air purification came out due to firefighting. Nowadays, there are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production. Several companies are investing their capitals to the further development of the air purifier technology. The technology of HEPA air filter was a significant mile stone in the technology used to clean air(APEC,nd).
This technology has gradually evolved to be adjustable, affordable and feasible for home use. There are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. According to APEC, the technology about air purification increases alongside an advancement in the commercial viability of air-purifying products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production.However, it is also claims that Multiple Chemical Sensitivity has been a problem to air filtration over the years. Although the problem is being identified effectively, it has not been fully endorsed by the medical community. As for now, air-cleaning products are doing better than before. Microscopic allergens, toxic gasses and other pollutants including trapping particles are being dealt with effectively. The article plans that the future will bring about paramount advances that will make the quality of air much better (APEC,nd).
The main purpose of this article is to bring to light the facts about air purification technology. The authors mentioned that most consumers have a very little idea about how air purification technology came into existence. Remarkably, it can be find from the article that the air purifier was invented to eliminate different types of harmful and irritating contaminants from the air. Although the purifiers are mainly used by people who have respiratory problems or those who suffe ...
this presentation involves the various sterilization and asepsis procedure that can be carried out in our dental clinics for proper maintenance of surgical as well as other procedures.
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs): Research NewsletterErin K. Peavey
In the US “One in 25 patients have a hospital-acquired
infection...Each day, over 205 deaths occur from HAIs...”
— Centers for Disease Control, 2011
An overview of this month’s article follows with bullet-points of the advantages and disadvantages of various environmental interventions in the prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), often referred to as hospital-acquired infections. Paragraph summaries of Cleaning Strategies, Materials, Room Design and Hand-Hygiene are listed below. These provide broad themes and findings from the article. Reading the full article is always of benefit for a fuller understanding and is recommended. Click here to access the full article on the HERD Journal website.
GENERAL OVERVIEW POWERPOINT OF TOMI PRODUCTS,USES AND THE WORLDWIDE CONCERN OF EMERGING PATHOGENS ALONG WITH HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO INDOOR POLLUTION AND DISEASE.
Design and Materials Selection: analysis of similar sanitary pads for daily useIJERA Editor
Hygiene practices have effects on vulvovaginal microbiota. Specific products for intimate female hygiene are available in the market, such as the sanitary pads. Since these pads were introduced in the market , they became the focus of research that seek to improve their shape, manufacturing processes and the properties of materials used in order to provide more benefits to users. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the fabrics used in daily sanitary pads, focusing on the development of future products. The spectra generated by FTIR/ATR suggest that the samples were composed of polypropylene. The photomicrographs showed that the polymeric outer layer was made of nonwoven fabric manufactured by spunbond and point bonding processes.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Hygiene studies
1. Hand Dryers and Hygiene
A definitive statement on the bacteriological safety of warm air
Excel Dryer, Inc. wants our distributors and end users to be confident in the safety and health benefits of warm
air hand and hair dryers. It is important to us that you feel comfortable and assured that our products are both reliable
and hygienic. Several studies have been published in well known medical reviews on the health benefits and hygienic
superiority of warm air dryers. Hand Dryers are almost unanimously declared to be more sanitary than other drying
techniques.
Only one study, the Westminster report has suggested something other than the praise warm air dryers have
always received. After careful scrutiny, independent researchers found the testing methods in the report to be inaccurate
and incomplete. According to Dr. Syed Saatar of the University of Ottawa, "certain flaws in the methodology . . .
compromise its value" (3). This heavily-biased paper, funded by the Association of Makers of Soft Tissue Papers, was
not published or recognized by any medical or health review. In an attempt to spread false and damaging information to
the public, however, the researchers sent copies to many major media centers in the hope that this information would be
eagerly gobbled up by media scaremongers.
Most researchers claim that "irrespective of the hand washing agent used" electric air drying produces "the
highest and cloth the lowest reduction in numbers" of bacteria and viruses on washed hands (Ansari et al. 243). Theories
explaining why warm air dryers are more hygienic have been put forward by medical authorities.
Doctors at the University of Ottawa have proposed that "the blowing of warm air may lead to an accelerated
dehydration of the skin surface, thereby affecting the viability" of the microorganism (248). Moreover, the warm air may
"penetrate all the crevices in the skin, whereas absorbent towels may not reach such areas, even though the skin
appears dry" (Ansari et al 248). Hand Dryers are so effective that researchers Meers and Leong have declared that there
is "no bacteriological reason to exclude them from the clinical areas" (171). Paper towels, on the other hand, create
unsanitary conditions even after use. The European Cleaning review affirms that "unless paper towel waste is regularly
cleaned, it can be a lasting source of bacteriological infection" (63).
Furthermore, researchers find that "on no occasion" is there any "evidence for the actual growth of bacteria or
fungi" inside a dryer (Saatar 3). As a result of the dry atmosphere caused by constant heating, bacteria counts are often
two to four times lower inside the dryer than on other surfaces in the washroom, such as sinks, door knobs and soap
dispensers (Saatar 7).
Over the last 40 years numerous scientific researches have valued the hygienic safety of warm air as a drying
medium. These studies were conducted with careful methodology, at major academic or medical institutions. Their
findings are summarized below.
• 1953 - Dr. Paul E. Walker, Dir. Of Medical Services, Public Health Service Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.
"Conclusions:
1) Bacteriological studies of 304 cultures, taken from groups of surgical personnel after use of a standard scrub
technique, showed a probably significant reduction of cross contamination of the hands when a mechanical air dryer
was used.
2) The mechanical air drying technique is less expensive than the towel-drying technique"
• 1968 - Hygienic-bateriological researches about the use of hot air drying, by Dr. E. Kanz and Ursula Kaute from the
Institute for Hygienic-bacteriological Research - Fraunhofer Society results: "Based on this thorough investigation,
no hygienic objections against the use of hot air hand dryers were found. On the contrary, results confirmed a much
lower risk level than use of alternative methods". This study confirms study by Lerche, 1954.
• 1975 - The German Health Administration confirms that, considering the hygienic standpoint, there is no difference
between the four most popular systems in the market (Electric Warm Air Hand-Dryer, Textile Towel Rolls, Paper
Towel Rolls and Single paper Towels).
• 1977 - The Workshop Guidelines of the German Ministry of Labour confirms that electric warm air hand dryers
are suitable hygienic appliances to dry the hands.
• 1986 - Drs. J. A. Matthews and S. W. B. Newsom, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge. Study funded by UK Department
of Health and Social Security. "Hot air hand dryers appear safe from a bacteriological standpoint."
Xldryerexportmiscdryers and hygiene.doc
2. • 1989 - P. D. Meers and K. Y. Leong, National University Hospital, Singapore: "our experiment leads us to agree
with Matthews and Newsom (1987) that there is no bacteriological reason to exclude them (hot air hand dryers) from
clinical areas."
• 1990 - Ansari/Sattar/Sprinthorpe, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa
University, Canada: "Electric air-drying of washed finger pads resulted in the greatest reduction in virus and
bacterial levels irrespective of the washing agent used."
• 1990 - Mr. Stephen Dorrell, MP, for Ministery of Health, in a House of Commons statement: "The Department of
Health has supported research at Papworth into airborne bacteria from hand drying with hot air hand dryers
compared with paper towels. The results showed that hot air hand dryers produced no more aerosol and sometimes
significant fewer aerosoled bacteria than paper towels. These results have been confirmed by studies in Singapore."
• 1993 - The German Federal Environment Administration comes to the following conclusion in its information
Bulletin 26/93: electrical warm-air hand dryers, and dispensers for towels using recycled paper or cloth are equally
good systems for drying hands from the standpoint of hygiene and economy. Cellulose Paper Towels are considered
to be ecologically less advantageous. Paper towels can be made from recycled materials but cannot be recycled.
• 1995 - According to test results of the Fresenius-Institute: "the level of microbes in the air exiting the dryer nozzle is
lower than in the air entering into the dryer" (i.e., warm air hand dryers kill a part of the microbes in the air.)
• 1996 - Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association tested hand dryers and conclude "warm air hand
dryers improve the washroom environment by reducing the level of airborne microbes and when these or paper
towels are used correctly, can achieve similar levels of hand hygiene".
• 1998 - Dr. Tom Miller and colleagues from the Auckland School of Medicine in New Zealand. New research shows
that the drying of hands is a critical factor in preventing the transmission of bacteria and illnesses. Dr. Miller and his
colleagues developed a hand drying method that reduces such transmissions up to 99%. The method involves drying
hands with a clean cloth towel for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds under a warm air dryer. "The introduction of
this concept into hand hygiene practices will undoubtedly lead to improved hand care in a number of clinical and
public health settings".
• 2000 - Dr. Franklin R. Cockerill III and his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, report their results
in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings (75:705 - 708). In a study of 100 people who volunteered to have their hands
contaminated with bacteria, researchers found that hand washing got rid of the same amount of germs regardless of
drying style. The subjects dried off with either cloth towels from a roll dispenser, paper towels from a stack on the
sink, a mechanical hand dryer, or old-fashion air drying. Drying preference, researchers say, matters little.
Warm air dryers prove to be the leader in efficient and hygienic methods of drying. In addition, they are the most
cost efficient and environmentally sound drying technique. Whether Excel Dryers are installed in schools, restaurants,
shopping centers, hospitals, service stations, stadiums, movie theaters, correctional facilities, factories, hotels, health
clubs, etc., each individual who uses our product is guaranteed safety and satisfaction. Our company will also be pleased
to provide its clientele with copies of studies cited. We are confident that you will agree that warm air dryers are clearly
the best alternative in drying.
Bibliography
Ansari, Shamin A., et al. "Comparison of cloth, paper and warm air drying in eliminating viruses and bacteria from washed hands"
American Journal of Infection Control 19 (1991) 243 - 249
Meers P.D. and K.Y. Leong, "Letters to the Editor: Hot air hand dryers
Journal of Hospital Infection 14 (1989) 169-181
Poore, David P. "Microbial aerosol production by various hand drying techniques."
Biosafe Investigation Unit, Quality Service and Scientific Resource Division: Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research (1995) 2-8
Redway, K. et al. "Hand drying a study of bacterial types associates with different hand drying methods and with hot air dryers. An unpublished report
from the Applied Ecology Research Group, University of Westminster, London, England for a study sponsored by the Association of the
Makers of Soft Tissue Papers (March 1994) 1-15.
Saatar, Syed A., Ph.D "Bacteria on Washed and Dried Hands: A Critical Review of Two Unpublished Reports from the University of Westminster."
University of Ottawa (1994) 3-21
"The Drier Argument" European Cleaning (September 1994) 63
Xldryerexportmiscdryers and hygiene.doc