The document reviews research on using hydrogen and ammonia for clean and renewable energy. It discusses using hydrogen and ammonia to power transportation and electricity generation as alternatives to fossil fuels in order to mitigate climate change. It summarizes several studies on using ammonia for power production through electrolysis and fuel cells. It concludes that hydrogen and ammonia show potential as sustainable energy carriers but require further research and infrastructure investments to be implemented widely.

1. Hydrogen and Ammonia for
Clean, Renewable Energy: A
Literature Review
Samara Rashid
Research Honors

2. ● To review research in
hydrogen and ammonia
energy so that research
can be used to implement
systems using hydrogen
and ammonia energy in the
real world
Purpose and
applications

3. ● Climate change
○ Causes
○ Effects
○ Solutions
Background
Research

4. ● Hydrogen
○ Uses
○ Energy
Background
Research

5. ● Ammonia
○ Uses
○ Energy
Background
Research

6. Ammonia at low pressure
● Pilot plant at University of Minnesota
○ Wind energy ---> ammonia production
○ Expensive
● Renewable way of producing ammonia at low pressure
● May be hard to replicate elsewhere

7. Biomass production from ammonia
● rMFC sustainably ran with minimal corrosion and efficient output of
biomass
● Ammonia has flexible uses
● Early in development

8. An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for
Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation
● Ammonia can be used as fuel
● Fuel cell has specific requirements
● Combustion engines beyond automobiles

9. Science and technology of ammonia and
combustion
● Thermal characteristics
● NOx emissions

10. Clean energy and the hydrogen economy
● Energy consumption by sector
● Hydrogen pathways / integrated systems
● Hydrogen production and storage at grid scale

11. Hydrogen Peroxide as a Sustainable Energy Carrier:
Electrocatalytic Production Peroxide and the Fuel cell
● Catalysts used
● Hydrogen peroxide as fuel

12. Hydrogen production by PEM water
electrolysis
● Three other electrolysis methods
● PEM
○ MEAs
○ Current collectors
○ Separator plates
● Electrocatalysts

13. Microalgal hydrogen production
● Microbes
● Genetic engineering
● Photobioreactors
● Manipulating pre existing processes

14. H2 usage technologies, applications,
challenges, and opportunities
● Mobile - Fuel cells
○ FCEVs
○ Buses, trucks, trains
○ Maritime
○ Aerospace
● Stationary
○ Micro CHP
○ Backup/prime power
● Hydrogen combustion
● Market potential

15. Applications of metal hydrides in hydrogen storage
and compression: achievements, outlook, and
perspectives
● Stationary
● Mobile
● Resolve transportation and storage issues

16. Ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for transportation:
investigation of the ammonia exhaust gas fuel
reforming
● Three experiments and results done
● Implications for automobile engines and
beyond

17. Conclusion
● Ammonia and hydrogen are viable energy options for our
economy
○ Further modifications and investments in infrastructure
○ Public and private support/willingness

18. Applications
● To increase hydrogen and ammonia in energy uses, mostly for
transportation but in all sectors eventually
● Doing so will counteract effects of climate change and improve
quality of life
● Energy could become cheaper and more efficient

19. Limitations
● Most research is based on projects and models,
but those don’t necessarily reflect the real world

20. Future studies
● A larger scale experiment/case study
● Further research into ammonia fuel cells
● Further research into PEM electrolysis and microbial electrolysis
● Further research into bulk hydrogen storage