Hvac 2015

‫‏‬31‫‏‬/05‫‏‬/2015‫‏‬‫وػد‏رسىنُا‏انصادق‏األيٍُ‏‏‬"‫النبوة‬ ‫منهاج‬ ‫على‬ ‫خالفة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ثم‬"‫‏‏‏‬(‫‏‬‫ويا‏َُطك‏ػٍ‏انهىي‏‬‫*‏‬ً‫إٌ‏هى‏إال‏وحٍ‏َىح‬)
e.hosam2000@gmail.com
‫ض١ئب‬ ٗ١‫ف‬ ٖ‫غ١ش‬ ‫ألؽذ‬ ً‫٠غق‬ ‫ٚأال‬ ‫خبٌػب‬ ٗٙ‫ٌٛع‬ ًّ‫اٌق‬ ‫٘زا‬ ً‫٠غق‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫أسأي‬"‫اٌذفبء‬ ُ‫أسأٌى‬"(1)
‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫بسم‬
HVAC system
H = Heating, V = Ventilation, A = Air, C = Conditioning
‫اٌزٙٛ٠خ‬‫ٚاٌزذفئخ‬‫ٚرى١١ف‬‫اٌٙٛاء‬
...............................................
Course contents
Manual “ASHRAE “
1- Load Estimation HAP
2- Different HVAC systems
Chilled water system
‫ٚس١ظ‬ َ‫ٔسزخذ‬"ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ‫َّدد‬‫ثش‬ ‫أٔب‬ ٕٝ‫٠ق‬
‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ث١ٙب‬ ‫َّدد‬‫ثش‬ ٓ٠‫ٚثقذ‬"
D-X “ Direct Expansion”
"‫ِجبضش‬ ‫رجش٠ذ‬"‫ِجبضشح‬ ْٛ٠‫اٌفش‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٞ‫ث١قذ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬"
Split
ٗ‫ٚأٔٛاف‬
Mini , concealed ,
central split
Package
i.e. 4 components in the
same package
Window ,central package
‫‏‬
‫وفٍ‏هذا‏انثُد‏سُؼزف‬“ selection factor “‫‏انؼىايم‏انحٍ‏ػهً‏أساسها‏تأخحار‏انُظاو‏انهً‏هشحغم‏تُه‏وَكىٌ‏يُاسة‏نهًشزوع‏‬‫‏‬
-ٞ‫فٕذ‬ ‫أٔب‬ ٝ‫٠جم‬3ٞ‫اٌّشوض‬ ‫ٌٍزى١١ف‬ ‫أٔؾّخ‬
 central package
 central split
 Chilled water system

Type “catalogue “
3- Air out lets Design “ location, number, type, size”
4- Duct design “ Duct Seizer ‫ثشٔبِظ‬ َ‫”ثبسزخذا‬
Duct Type:-
Rectangular Circular
Duct "‫اٌػبط‬"
Elbow "‫اٌىٛؿ‬"
5- Duct construction Branch take off
Accessories: “volume, fire” damper
Duct weight: “manual, Excel “
6- Duct connections: ‫اٌػبط‬ ‫رٛغ١الد‬
7- Duct test: “smoke, light” Test
8- Duct insulation: “Types, Design”
Chilled water net work “GPM” ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ‫وّ١خ‬
Circulation chilled water pump
[Design “flow ‘Q’, Head ‘H’ “, Pump set]
9- Chilled water system Balancing system, load variation system
Equipments [Chiller, circulation pump, FCU, AHU, Cooling tower]
10- Fans: [ Types, construction]
11- BMS: Building Manage System “design drawings, BOQ”
12- Ventilation: ‫اٌزٙٛ٠خ‬

Design Package
1- Design Drawings
2- BOQ “Bill Off Quantities”‫جداول‏حصز‏انكًُات‬
Grill: number for each size
Pipes: length for each diameter
Duct: weight
Insulation: area
3- Specification ‫انًىاصفات‬
‫يهحىظة‬:‫‏‬
-ُ‫سل‬ ‫إٌمغخ‬ ‫ثذا٠خ‬ ِٓ9ُ‫سل‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬12‫اي‬ ٝ‫ف‬contents‫اي‬ ٟ٘Advanced HVAC
-‫ثٙزا‬ ‫ٍِؾك‬ ‫ٍِف‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ُشفك‬‫ز‬‫س‬ ‫ثبٌطشػ‬ ‫اٌخبغخ‬ ‫اٌزػّ١ّ١خ‬ ‫اٌغذاٚي‬ ً‫و‬
‫ثسٌٙٛخ‬ ‫اٌّقٍِٛبد‬ ‫إسزشعبؿ‬ ‫فٕذ‬ ‫إٌ١ٙب‬ ‫اٌشعٛؿ‬ ٓ‫٠ّى‬ ‫ثؾ١ش‬ ‫اٌطشػ‬
‫البيان‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫مدلول‬ ‫يتصور‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫ليرتجف‬ ‫البشري‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫إن‬(‫لقد‬
‫عدا‬ ‫وعدهم‬ ‫أحصاهم‬)‫أحد‬ ‫لنسيان‬ ‫وال‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫لهرب‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫فال‬(‫وكلهم‬
‫فردا‬ ‫القيامة‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫آتيه‬)‫ُم‬‫د‬‫يق‬ ‫فرد‬ ‫وكل‬ ، ‫فرد‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫فعين‬
‫ومشاعر‬ ‫الجماعة‬ ‫روح‬ ‫حتى‬ ، ‫بأحد‬ ‫يعتز‬ ‫وال‬ ‫بأحد‬ ‫يأنس‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وحيدا‬
‫الديان‬ ‫أمام‬ ‫فريد‬ ‫وحيد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫فإذا‬ ، ‫منها‬ ‫ُجرد‬‫ي‬ ‫الجماعة‬.
‫؟‬ ٍٗ‫ٌٍم‬ ‫اٌىضشح‬ ‫ِـ‬‫ض‬‫ُخ‬٠ ٞ‫اٌز‬ ‫را‬ ّٓ‫ف‬ ، ٍٗ‫ل‬ ‫ٚاٌغٛاغ١ذ‬ ‫وضشح‬ ٓ١‫اٌّسزضقف‬ ْ‫إ‬
‫اٌىشاِخ‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ٚاٌزٕبصي‬ ‫إٌخٛح‬ ‫ٚلٍخ‬ ‫اٌّٙخ‬ ‫ٚسمٛط‬ ‫اٌشٚػ‬ ‫ضقف‬ ‫ِقٙب‬‫ض‬‫ُخ‬٠ ‫أّب‬

1- Load Estimation
*manual
-ٖ‫ؽذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٞ‫ِقّبس‬ ‫ؽ١ض‬ ً‫ٌى‬ ‫األؽّبي‬ ‫ؽسبة‬ ُ‫٠ز‬.
1-1 Types of loads:
a) External loads [solar heat gain, transmittion heat gain]
b) Internal loads [people, lighting, equipments, miscellanies equip.]
c) Ventilation [ fresh air CFM ]
1-2 notes on comparison:
a)
Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature
Tdb
‫اٌغبفخ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ؽشاسح‬ ‫دسعخ‬
‫اٌّؾسٛسخ‬ ‫اٌؾشاسح‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ٚرقجش‬
“sensible heat “
Twb
‫اٌشعجخ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ؽشاسح‬ ‫دسعخ‬
‫اٌىبِٕخ‬ ‫اٌؾشاسح‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ٚرقجش‬
“latent heat “
Humidity Twb ,Humidity Twb
b)
Humidity Ratio Relative Humidity
‫اٌشعٛثخ‬ ‫ٔسجخ‬:
‫٘ٛاء‬ ً‫سع‬ ً‫و‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫فقال‬ ‫اٌّٛعٛد‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ‫ثخبس‬ ‫ٔسجخ‬
‫عبف‬
‫إٌسج١خ‬ ‫اٌشعٛثخ‬:
ٖ‫ِ١ب‬ ‫ثخبس‬ ٝ‫ألػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّٛعٛد‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ‫ثخبس‬ ‫ٔسجخ‬
ٍّٗ‫ؽ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫٠سزغ١ـ‬
c)
ٞ‫اٌؾشاس‬ ًّ‫اٌؾ‬ ‫ٔٛؿ‬ ٕٗ‫ف‬ ٗ‫إٌبرغ‬ ‫اٌؾشاسح‬ ‫ٔٛؿ‬
1- Solar Sensible
2- transmittion Sensible
3- internal “ people” Sensible, latent
4- internal “ lights” Sensible
5- internal “ equipments” Sensible
6- internal “misc. equipments” Sensible, latent
7- ventilation Sensible, latent

‫ؽ١ش‬ ِٓ ‫رجذأ‬ ، ‫ضئ١ٍخ‬ ‫لػ١شح‬ ‫اٌؾ١بح‬ ‫ٌٕب‬ ٚ‫رجذ‬ ، ‫فؾست‬ ‫ٌزٚارٕب‬ ‫ٔق١ص‬ ‫فٕذِب‬
‫اٌّؾذٚد‬ ‫فّشٔب‬ ‫ثبٔزٙبء‬ ٝٙ‫ٚرٕز‬ ، ِٟ‫ق‬ٔ ‫ثذأٔب‬!
‫عٛ٠ٍخ‬ ٚ‫رجذ‬ ‫اٌؾ١بح‬ ْ‫فإ‬ ، ‫ٌفىشح‬ ‫ٔق١ص‬ ‫فٕذِب‬ ٞ‫أ‬ ، ‫ٌغ١شٔب‬ ‫ٔق١ص‬ ‫فٕذِب‬ ‫أِب‬
‫األسؼ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ٗ‫ٌٛع‬ ‫ِفبسلزٕب‬ ‫ثقذ‬ ‫ٚرّزذ‬ ‫اإلٔسبٔ١خ‬ ‫ثذأد‬ ‫ؽ١ش‬ ِٓ ‫رجذأ‬ ، ‫فّ١مخ‬!

1-3 BTU Sheet
- Space name: ……………………………..
- Space location: ………………………….
- Indoor condition…“Based on application” human comfortable temperature; Tdb = 75°F Air at 50% RH
- out door condition: … “Based on project location” design condition {HAP, Ashrae, ‫األسغبد‬ ‫}ِٛالـ‬
Load sensible latent
1-solar 
2-transmittion 
3-internal
a)people  
b)light 
c)equipment 
d)Misc. equip.  
R.S.H
Room Sensible Heat
=ٞ‫د‬ ‫فٛق‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ َ‫األسلب‬ ‫ِغّٛؿ‬
R.L.H
Room Latent Heat
= ‫فٛق‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٓ١ّ‫اٌشل‬ ‫ِغّٛؿ‬
4-ventilation  
O.A.S.H
Outside Air Sensible Heat
= ‫اٌزٙٛ٠خ‬ ًّ‫ؽ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِىزٛة‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ُ‫سل‬
O.A.L.H
Outside Air Latent Heat
G.S.H
Grand Sensible Heat
= R.S.H + O.A.S.H
G.L.H
Grand Latent Heat
= R.L.H + O.A.L.H
ْ‫أ‬ ‫ؽذس‬ ‫ٚإرا‬ ، ٜٛ‫ثبٌزم‬ ُ٘‫٠مٛد‬ ‫إّٔب‬ ، ‫اٌغبفبد‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ً‫ثبٌسالس‬ ‫إٌبط‬ ‫٠مٛد‬ ‫ال‬ ٓ٠‫اٌذ‬
َ‫األؽىب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌزطذد‬ ‫ثغش٠مخ‬ ٟ‫٠أر‬ ‫ال‬ ُٙ‫إغالؽ‬ ْ‫فإ‬ ‫األع١بي‬ ِٓ ً١‫ع‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبط‬ ‫ِذ‬‫س‬‫ف‬
ُٙ‫أسٚاؽ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫اٌزم‬ ‫ضقٛس‬ ‫ٚإؽ١بء‬ ُٙ‫لٍٛث‬ ‫ٚإغالػ‬ ُٙ‫رشث١ز‬ ‫عش٠مخ‬ ِٓ ٟ‫٠أر‬ ٓ‫ٌٚى‬

1-4 load estimation:
1-4-1 solar heat gain:
-‫اٌخبسع١خ‬ ‫ٌٍؾٛائظ‬ ٖ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ْٛ‫ٚثزى‬ ‫اٌطّس‬ ‫آضقخ‬ ‫ٚعٛد‬ ِٓ ‫إٌبرغخ‬ ‫األؽّبي‬ ٟ٘"Walls"،
‫اٌخبسع١خ‬ ‫ٚإٌٛافز‬"Glass."
-‫اٌؾٛائظ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫األؽّبي‬“ Walls”ْٛ‫ثزى‬[ solar, transmittion]‫ال‬ ‫اٌؾٛائظ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٌألؽّبي‬ ‫ؽسبثٕب‬ ‫ٚفٕذ‬
‫اي‬ ًّ‫ؽ‬ ‫ٔأخز‬solar‫اي‬ ًّ‫ؽ‬ ‫ٚال‬ ٖ‫ٚؽذ‬transmittion‫ِغّـ‬ ْٛٔ‫لب‬ ِٓ ً‫ب‬٠ٛ‫س‬ ‫ؽسبثّٙب‬ ُ‫٠ز‬ ً‫ث‬ ٖ‫ٚؽذ‬Qs,t
ً‫ب‬‫الؽم‬ ‫رٌه‬ ‫ٚس١زضؼ‬Qs
Qt Qs,t
- Solar heat gain through glass:
Qs = A* F * (Solar heat gain feet^2)
Where:
Qs BTUhr
A area of glass window (‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ٟ٘ٚ)
F solar heat gain factor
‫اٌـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚ٠قزّذ‬glass type‫اٌـ‬ ٚcurtains"‫اٌسزبئش‬"
‫كُفُة‏حساته‏ويؼزفة‏لًُحة‏‬:‫‏‬
-‫ِزبؽخ‬ ‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ً١‫اٌزفبغ‬ ٌٛ-:(‫عذٚي‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬16‫ل١ّزخ‬ ‫ٚٔغٍـ‬ ٞ‫األضش‬ ٝ‫ف‬)
-‫ِزبؽخ‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ً١‫اٌزفبغ‬ ٌٛ-:
-More safe: F= 1
- More applicable: F = 0.35

(Solar heat gain feet^2) (‫عذٚي‬ ِٓ15ٞ‫األضش‬ ٝ‫ف‬)
-ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚ٠قزّذ‬:
- Location of the project “ latitude” (‫اٌقشؼ‬ ‫خظ‬)
- Timing “ month, hour”
- Direction (‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛؽخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫َّبي‬‫ط‬ٌٍ ‫٠شِض‬ ٞ‫اٌز‬ ُٙ‫اٌس‬ ‫اٌغش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٖ‫اإلرغب‬ ‫َد‬‫ذ‬‫ُؾ‬٠ٚ)
From table 15 we get the follow as standard for our design work:
direction Magnitude in BTUhr
North 33
N-E 139
E 165
S-E 163
S-W 163
W 165
N-W 139
H 250
*‫عذٚي‬ ِٓ ‫اٌزػّ١ّ١خ‬ ‫اٌؾشٚف‬ ‫أسٛأ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِأخٛرح‬ ‫اٌغذٚي‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌسبثمخ‬ َ‫األسلب‬15ٞ‫األضش‬ ٝ‫ف‬
N-W N N-E
W E
S-W S S-E

1-4-2 Transmittion load:
‫اٌـ‬ ًّ‫ٌؾ‬ ٓ١ٌ‫إؽزّب‬ ‫ٕ٘بن‬transmittion
ً‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬:transmittion only
‫ٌــ‬ ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ْٛ‫ٚث١ى‬a) glass,
b) Partition "ٍٟ‫داخ‬ ‫ؽبئظ‬" , ceiling "ٍٟ‫داخ‬ ‫سمف‬" , floor "‫أسض١خ‬"
ً‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬:solar & transmittion
‫ٌــ‬ ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ْٛ‫ٚث١ى‬"ٟ‫خبسع‬ ‫ؽبئظ‬"a) wall
b) Roof “‫سمف‬"
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
ً‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬:transmittion only
a) Glass:
Qt = A * U * ΔT
Where:
A area of glass window (‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ٟ٘ٚ)
U over all heat transfer coefficient
‫اٌضعبط‬ ‫خبِخ‬ ‫ٔٛف١خ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚ٠قزّذ‬
-More safe: U= 1
- More applicable: U = 0.45
ΔT Temp. diff. = 29°F, for Egypt
Roof
Level 2
Ceiling
Level 1
Wall
Partition
Floor

b) Partition "ٍٟ‫داخ‬ ‫ؽبئظ‬" , ceiling "ٍٟ‫داخ‬ ‫سمف‬" , floor "‫أسض١خ‬"
Qt = A * U * ΔT
Where:
A area of Partition, ceiling, floor (‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ٟ٘ٚ)
-More safe: U= 1
- More applicable:
*partition U = 0.33
* Ceiling, floor U= 0.1: 0.2
ΔT
‫لها‬3ً‫التال‬ ‫الجدول‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مىضح‬ ‫هى‬ ‫كما‬ ‫إحتماالت‬:
‫ِى١ف‬ ‫اٌغبس‬ ‫ِى١ف‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫اٌغبس‬ ًَّّ‫ُؾ‬ِٚ ‫ِى١ف‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ‫اٌغبس‬
ΔT = 0
‫بشرط‬:
- 2 spaces conditioned
with the same unit
- administration building
ΔT= Tdb – Tdb
‫ٌٍغبس‬ room= 75°F
Where:
Tdb = Tdp”out” -10°F
‫ٌٍغبس‬
Where:
Tdp”out” ‫المشروع‬ ‫مىقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬
‫هتكىن‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫لى‬ ‫مثال‬ ، ‫دولة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫فى‬
‫°401ثـ‬F
ΔT= Tdb – Tdb
‫ٌٍغبس‬ room= 75°F
Where:
Tdb = Tdp”out"
‫ٌٍغبس‬
Where:
Tdp”out” ‫المشروع‬ ‫مىقع‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬
‫هتكىن‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫لى‬ ‫مثال‬ ، ‫دولة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫فى‬
‫°401بـ‬F

ً‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬:solar & transmittion
"ٟ‫خبسع‬ ‫ؽبئظ‬"a) wall
b) Roof “‫سمف‬"
Qs,t = A * U * ΔTeq
Where:
A area of wall or roof (‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ٟ٘ٚ)
ΔTeq = Δteq + Δt correction
Where:
Δteq from table 20
Δt correction from table 20-a
‫األسىأ‬ ‫على‬ ‫صمم‬ُ‫ن‬ ‫ما‬ ً‫ا‬‫دائم‬...
From table 20 we get the follow as standard for our design work for Δteq:
Condition Magnitude of Δteq
Exposed to sun “ wall & roof” 46
Covered with water “ roof only” 22
Sprayed “ roof only” 18
Shaded “ roof only” 14
Δt correction for Egypt = 12
ٖ‫٠ىش‬ ‫وّب‬ ً‫ا‬‫أؽذ‬ ٖ‫٠ىش‬ ‫ٚال‬ ، ‫اٌمٍٛة‬ ‫ٚغؾٛح‬ ‫اٌطقٛة‬ ‫٠مؾخ‬ ٝ‫٠خط‬ ‫وّب‬ ً‫ب‬‫ض١ئ‬ ٝ‫٠خط‬ ‫ال‬ ْ‫اٌغغ١ب‬
‫اٌغبف١خ‬ ‫اٌضّبئش‬ ْٚ‫٠ٙض‬ ِٓ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ُ‫٠ٕم‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫أؽذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ُ‫٠ٕم‬ ‫ٚال‬ ، ‫ٚاٌ١مؾخ‬ ٟ‫اٌٛف‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ٓ١‫اٌذاف‬

1-4-3 internal loads:
1-4-3-1 people: ‘sensible, latent’
Qs = no. of person * sensible heat gain for each person
Ql = no. of person * latent heat gain for each person
Where:
- No. of person ٞ‫األضش‬ ِٓ ٚ‫أ‬ -‫اٌّقّبس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ِٓ ‫األضخبظ‬ ‫فذد‬ ‫ُؾذد‬٠
From table 63 we get No. of person feet ^2 which it depends on type of application.
- Sensible, latent heat gain for each person:
It depends on type of application. From table 48
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-4-3-2 light: ‘sensible’
‫اإلضبئخ‬ ‫أؽّبي‬ ِٓ ْ‫ٔٛفب‬ ‫ٕ٘بن‬:
incandescent ‘normal’ lights Fluorescent lights
Light load = wattage * 3.4 Light load = wattage * 3.4 * 1.25
Locke @ table 49
*‫اٌـ‬ ‫ٌزؾذ٠ذ‬wattage light:
1- Electrical drawing: lighting fixture ‫اإلٔبسح‬ ‫ٌٛػ‬:ِٓ‫وٍّخ‬
2- Electrical engineer
3- Range ‘ Assumption’ :
Residential‫‏األياكٍ‏انسكُُة‬ Malls ‫انًىالت‬ Factories ‫انًصاَغ‬
20: 25 wattagem^2 25: 30 wattagem^2 35 wattagem^2

1-4-3-3 Equipments: ‘sensible’
Qs = total wattage of equipments * 3.4
Where:
Qs BTU
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-4-3-4 Miscellanies Equipments: ‘sensible, latent’:
Locke @ table 50, 51, 52
‫اٌغذاٚي‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ًّ‫اٌؾ‬ ٟ‫رقغ‬“S, L”‫ِقذح‬ ً‫ٌى‬ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫اٌّقذاد‬ ‫لّسّذ‬ ‫ٚلذ‬:
Electrical burning ‘table 50’ Gas burning ‘table 51’
ٓ١ٌ‫إؽزّب‬ ‫ٌّٚٙب‬
- hooded ‘ ً‫ال‬‫ِض‬ ‫اٌجٛربعبص‬ ٞ‫ص‬ ‫ضفبط‬ ‫فٛلٙب‬ ‫ِزشوت‬"
- not hooded
*‫ؽبٌخ‬ ‫ٌـ‬ ‫وٍٙب‬ ‫اٌضالس‬ ‫اٌغذاٚي‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫اٌّٛعٛد‬ ُ١‫اٌم‬‫اٌــ‬not hooded.
*‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬‫اٌـ‬hooded‫ل١ّخ‬ ‫ٚٔبخذ‬ ٞ‫فبد‬ ‫اٌغذاٚي‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬‫اٌــ‬not hooded
ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚٔضشثٙب‬0.5
*‫اٌغذٚي‬52:ٟ‫رقغ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫ثبألعٙضح‬ ‫خبظ‬‘S, L’‫ِغجخ‬ ‫أعٙضح‬ ‫ِص‬ ‫ٌٚىٕٙب‬
Qs = sum [sensible load for each equipments].
Ql = sum [latent load for each equipments].

1-4-4 Ventilation load:
Fresh air CFM
Exhaust CFM no. of persons * CFM per person
Step (1): calculate Fresh air CFM from table 45 area * CFM per sq.feet
Step (2): calculate load from this air [Qs, Ql]
1) Qs = 1.08 * CFM * ΔT
Where:
Qs BTU hr
ΔT = [ Tdp)out – Tdp)in ] ‫ِػش‬ ً‫ال‬‫ِض‬(104–75)=29
CFM from table 45
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2) Ql = 0.6 8 * CFM * (ΔGr lb)
Where:
Ql BTU hr
CFM from table 45
(ΔGr lb) ‫اٌشعٛثخ‬ ‫فشق‬"ً‫سع‬"
Return CFM supply CFM

(ΔGr lb) = [(ΔGr lb)out - (ΔGr lb)in ]
‫اٌّقبدٌخ‬ ‫رٍه‬ ‫ؽذٚد‬ ُ١‫ل‬ ‫ؽسبة‬ ‫و١ف١خ‬:
، ‫ِػش‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫ِٛعٛد‬ ٗ١ٍ‫ف‬ ُ١ّ‫رػ‬ ‫ضغبي‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫اٌّطشٚؿ‬ ْ‫إ‬ ً‫ال‬‫ِض‬ ‫ٔفزشؼ‬
ٌٟ‫وبٌزب‬ ٟ٘ ‫اٌخبسع١خ‬ ‫ِػش‬ ‫ؽشٚف‬ ْ‫إ‬ ‫فبسف‬ ‫ٚأٔب‬Tdb)out = 104°F , at 52% RH
-ُ‫سل‬ ‫غفؾخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّٛعٛدح‬ ‫اٌس١ىشِٚزش٠خ‬ ‫اٌخش٠غخ‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬5‫اٌؾشٚف‬ ٖ‫ثٙز‬Tdb)out = 104°F , at 52% RH
‫ٕٚ٘الل١ٙب‬ ‫ٌٍخبسط‬ ‫إٌسج١خ‬ ‫اٌشعٛثخ‬ ‫ٔغ١ت‬ ٓ١‫اٌسبثمز‬ ٓ١‫اٌم١ّز‬ ‫ثذالٌخ‬ ‫ِٕٚٙب‬=165
(ΔGr lb)out = 165
‫اٌذاخٍ١خ‬ ‫ِػش‬ ‫ؽشٚف‬ ْ‫إ‬ ‫فبسف‬ ‫ٚأٔب‬"ٗ‫ٌٍغشف‬"ٌٟ‫وبٌزب‬ ٟ٘:
Tdb)in = 75°F , at 50% RH
-ُ‫سل‬ ‫غفؾخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّٛعٛدح‬ ‫اٌس١ىشِٚزش٠خ‬ ‫اٌخش٠غخ‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬5‫اٌؾشٚف‬ ٖ‫ثٙز‬Tdb)in = 75°F , at 50% RH
‫إٌسج١خ‬ ‫اٌشعٛثخ‬ ‫ٔغ١ت‬ ٓ١‫اٌسبثمز‬ ٓ١‫اٌم١ّز‬ ‫ثذالٌخ‬ ‫ِٕٚٙب‬ً‫ٌٍذاخ‬"‫اٌغشفخ‬"‫ٕٚ٘الل١ٙب‬=65
(ΔGr lb)in = 65
‫ؽسبة‬ ُ‫٠ز‬ ‫ِّٕٚٙب‬(ΔGr lb)
‫بعد‬ ‫ونحن‬ ‫لآلخرين‬ ً‫ا‬‫ملك‬ ‫وعقائدنا‬ ‫أفكارنا‬ ‫نرى‬ ‫ألن‬ ‫الطبيعية‬ ‫الثمرة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الصافي‬ ‫الفرح‬ ‫إن‬
‫ستصبح‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫لها‬ ‫تصورنا‬ ‫مجرد‬ ‫إن‬ ، ‫أحياء‬–‫األرض‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫لوجه‬ ‫مفارقتنا‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ولو‬–ً‫ا‬‫زاد‬
‫قلوب‬ ‫تفيض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ليكفي‬ ، ً‫ا‬‫وري‬ ‫لآلخرين‬‫ن‬‫واإلطمئنان‬ ‫والسعادة‬ ‫بالرضا‬ ‫ا‬.
‫يستغلها‬ ‫ال‬ ‫كي‬ ‫لبضائعهم‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫العالقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫يحرصون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫هم‬ ‫وحدهم‬ ‫التجار‬
‫أن‬ ‫سعادتهم‬ ‫فكل‬ ‫العقائد‬ ‫وأصحاب‬ ‫المفكرون‬ ‫أما‬ ، ‫الربح‬ ‫من‬ ‫حقهم‬ ‫ويسلبوهم‬ ‫اآلخرون‬
‫إلى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ألنفسهم‬ ‫ينسبوها‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بها‬ ‫ويؤمنوا‬ ‫وعقائدهم‬ ‫أفكارهم‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫يتقاسم‬
‫األولين‬ ‫أصحابها‬

*‫األربعة‬ ‫الحراية‬ ‫األحمال‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫كيفية‬ ‫من‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫بفضل‬ ‫انتهينا‬
-‫الـ‬ ‫على‬ ‫بقا‬ ‫ندخل‬BTU Sheet‫يلي‬ ‫كما‬ ‫حسبناها‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫األرقام‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫ونسقط‬:
BTU Sheet
- Space name: ……………………………..
- Space location: ………………………….
- Indoor condition…“Based on application” human comfortable temperature; Tdb = 75°F Air at 50% RH
- out door condition: … “Based on project location” design condition {HAP, Ashrae, ‫األسغبد‬ ‫}ِٛالـ‬
Load sensible latent
1-solar 
2-transmittion 
3-internal
a)people  
b)light 
c)equipment 
d)Misc. equip.  
R.S.H
Room Sensible Heat
=ٞ‫د‬ ‫فٛق‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ َ‫األسلب‬ ‫ِغّٛؿ‬
R.L.H
Room Latent Heat
= ‫فٛق‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٓ١ّ‫اٌشل‬ ‫ِغّٛؿ‬
4-ventilation  
O.A.S.H
Outside Air Sensible Heat
O.A.L.H
Outside Air Latent Heat
G.S.H
Grand Sensible Heat
= R.S.H + O.A.S.H
G.L.H
Grand Latent Heat
= R.L.H + O.A.L.H
Air conditioning capacity = G.S.H + G.L.H =
ٗ‫ٚٚؽذر‬ ‫وج١ش‬ ُ‫سل‬ ‫٘١غٍـ‬BTUhrٍٝ‫ف‬ ّٗ‫ٔمس‬12000ٌٝ‫إ‬ ‫ٌ١زؾٛي‬TR


1-5 Supply CFM:
1-5-1 By pass factor: ٟ‫اٌزخغ‬ ًِ‫ِقب‬
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ٌٟ‫إعّب‬ ِٓ ‫٠جشد‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫غ١ش‬ ِٓ ً‫دخ‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ٔسجخ‬ ً‫ُّض‬٠fresh
" -‫اٌـ‬ ‫٠الِس‬ ٌُ ‫٘ٛاء‬coil"
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1-5-2 Effective Sensible Heat Factor ‘ESHF’:
E S H F = (room sensible heat room total heat) + by pass factor
Where:
Room total heat ‘sensible + latent’
‫اٌخالغخ‬
E S H F = [(R.S.H + 0.1 O.A.S.H) (R.S.H + R.L.H + O.1 (O.A.S.H + O.A.L.H))]
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1-5-2 Temperature Apparatus Dew Point ‘TADP’: ٜ‫إٌذ‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫ٔمغخ‬
‫اٌـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّشٚس‬ ‫أصٕبء‬ ‫ٌٙب‬ ‫اٌٛغٛي‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫٠سزغ١ـ‬ ‫ؽشاسح‬ ‫دسعخ‬ ً‫أل‬ ٟ٘coilً‫اٌذاخ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ؽشٚف‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚرقزّذ‬ ،
-ٍٝ‫ف‬ ً‫ٔؾػ‬TADP‫عذٚي‬ ِٓ65‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثم١ّخ‬ ‫اٌغذٚي‬ ‫ٌٙزا‬ ‫اٌذخٛي‬ ‫عش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬ESHF
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Supply CFM = [(R.S.H + 0.1 O.A.S.H) ((1.08 * 0.9) (Tdp in – TADP)]
CFMٜ‫سٕش‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫فٍ١ٙب‬ ‫٠قزّذ‬ ُ١‫اٌزػ‬ ً‫و‬
‫أكثز‏يٍ‏لىل‏‬(‫‏‬‫ال‏إنه‏إال‏أَث‏سثحاَك‏إًَ‏كُث‏يٍ‏انظانًٍُ‏‬)‫‏‬‫‏‬

2- Cooling cycle & Different HVAC Systems
2-1 cooling cycle:
Liquid Liquid
Expansion valve outdoor unit
Indoor unit
Vapor vapor
Low pressure zone high pressure zone
Condenser
Evaporator
Compressor
‫اٌغٕخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٔخٍخ‬ ٌٗ ‫غشسذ‬ ٖ‫ٚثؾّذ‬ ُ١‫اٌقؾ‬ ‫اهلل‬ ْ‫سجؾب‬ ‫لبي‬ ِٓ

2-2 HVAC Systems:
2-2-1 Types of HVAC Systems
Chilled water system
‫ٚس١ظ‬ َ‫ٔسزخذ‬"ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ‫َّدد‬‫ثش‬ ‫أٔب‬ ٕٝ‫٠ق‬
‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ث١ٙب‬ ‫َّدد‬‫ثش‬ ٓ٠‫ٚثقذ‬"
wall
ceiling
free stand
D-X “ Direct Expansion”
"‫ِجبضش‬ ‫رجش٠ذ‬"‫ِجبضشح‬ ْٛ٠‫اٌفش‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٞ‫ث١قذ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬"
Split
Mini , central split,
concealed
Package
i.e. 4 components in the
same package
Window ,central package
-ٛ٘mini‫ثـ‬ ‫اٌزٛص٠ـ‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬ ‫ِذفٛٔخ‬ ‫اٌذاخٍ١خ‬ ‫اٌٛؽذح‬ ٓ‫ٌٚى‬grillّٝ‫ٚرس‬ducted unit
Ducted
-‫اٌـ‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫لذ‬returnfree return"ٟٔ‫اٌخشسب‬ ‫اٌسمف‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫اٌّسبفخ‬ َ‫ٔسزخذ‬
‫اٌـ‬ ‫وأٔٙب‬ ‫اٌّقٍك‬ ‫ٚاٌسمف‬duct
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-2 comparison between central package & central split:
central package central split
Disadvantage:
- required additional space for duct
risers
- no separate control
Advantage:
- easier in installation
- no oil trap is required
Advantage:
- don’t required additional space for
duct risers
- separate control
Disadvantage:
- high cost for refrigerant pipes “pipes,
welding, test, insulation”
- oil trap is required
ٓ‫ف‬ ‫فجبسح‬Sْٛ‫س١ف‬"‫اٌـ‬ ‫ؽشف‬ ‫٘١ئخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِبسٛسح‬S"
‫اٌخبسع١خ‬ ٖ‫ثبٌٛؽذ‬ ‫اٌخبظ‬ ‫اٌزجش٠ذ‬ ‫ص٠ذ‬ ‫ٚعٛد‬ ْ‫ٌضّب‬
ٖ‫ٌٍٛؽذ‬ ‫٠ٙشة‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫٠ٕضي‬ ‫ٚال‬ ٌٗ ‫اٌّخػع‬ ٖ‫ؽ١ض‬ ً‫داخ‬
‫اٌذاخٍ١خ‬

2-2-3 Factor affecting for selection:
2-2-3a Block load ‘full project load’:
required System Available Full load
Window & mini split 7 TR
Concealed 7: 15 TR
Central ‘ package, split’ 15: 70 TR
Chiller > 70 TR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3b Capital cost: ‫اإلٔطبء‬ ‫رىبٌ١ف‬
L.E per TR
Window mini concealed central package central split chiller
1000 1500 2000 3000 3500 4500
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3c Running cost: ً١‫اٌزطغ‬ ‫رىبٌ١ف‬
L.E per TR
Window mini concealed central package central split chiller
ٍٝ‫أغ‬ ‫أسخع‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3d Available duct space:
-‫ٌــ‬ ٞ‫إخز١بس‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫اٌّمبسٔخ‬ ُ‫رؾس‬‘ central package, central split’
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3e previous design:
-َ‫إٌؾب‬ ‫ثٕفس‬ ًّ‫ٔى‬ ً‫ُفض‬١‫ف‬ ٌٝٚ‫األ‬ ‫ٌٍّشؽٍخ‬ ٓ١‫ِق‬ َ‫ٔؾب‬ ‫ٚاخز١ش‬ ً‫ثبٌفق‬ ‫ثذأ‬ ‫لذ‬ ‫ِطشٚؿ‬ ‫اسزىّبي‬ ‫فٕذ‬
ُ٠‫اٌمذ‬ َ‫إٌؾب‬ ‫ثٕفس‬ ‫أعذد‬ ً‫ُفض‬٠ ‫ِطشٚؿ‬ ‫رغذ٠ذ‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ً‫ب‬‫ٚأ٠ض‬

2-3 load control system:
‫عش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ُ‫٠ز‬3‫أٔؾّخ‬:
CAV
Constant Air Volume
system
VAV
Variable Air Volume
system
VRV
Variable Refrigerant
Volume
‘chilled water system’
-‫وّ١خ‬ ٓ‫ٌٚى‬ ‫صبثزخ‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫وّ١خ‬
‫ِزغ١شح‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬
- control in chilled
water flow
- control in air flow
‫عش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬damper
‫ف١ٛة‬ ٌٗ ٓ‫ٌٚى‬:
-‫اٌـ‬ ْٛ‫ث١ى‬ ُ‫اٌزؾى‬damper
‫ضٛضبء‬ ‫ُؾذس‬٠ ٛ٘ٚ ‫ٌٍٙٛاء‬
‫ٚرؾزبط‬ ‫ِ١ىبٔ١ى١خ‬ ‫لغقخ‬ ‫ألٔٙب‬
‫وض١شح‬ ‫غ١بٔخ‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ً‫ب‬‫أ٠ض‬
‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ َ‫ُسزخذ‬‫ر‬compressor
‫ٚؽذح‬ ‫وزا‬ ٗ١ٍ‫ف‬ ً‫ِٚزٛغ‬ ‫ٚاؽذ‬
‫داخٍ١خ‬
‫يقبلون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫رجاال‬ ‫كانوا‬ ‫وأجدادهم‬ ‫آبائهم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أبنائنا‬ ‫ليعلم‬
‫الدنية‬ ‫واليعطون‬ ‫الفسدة‬ ‫رأي‬ ‫على‬ ً‫ا‬‫أبد‬ ‫ينزلون‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الضيم‬
‫دينهم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شرعيتهم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وطنهم‬ ‫من‬ ً‫ا‬‫أبد‬"‫د‬.‫مرسي‬

3- Air out lets
3-1 functions of air out lets:
Its function is; diffusion for air inside the space.
- Air out lets called “diffuser, air terminals “
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-2 types of air out lets:
- Colure, Shape ‫ث١ؾذد٘ب‬ ٞ‫اٌّقّبس‬
3-2-1 ceiling diffuser ‫اٌّقٍك‬ ‫اٌسمف‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫رشو١جٙب‬ ُ‫٠ز‬
3-2-2 linear grill
‫اٌغشف‬ ً‫ِذاخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚرشوت‬ ، ‫أِبِٙب‬ ٝ‫أفم‬ ‫٘ٛاء‬ ‫ثزؾذف‬
ٗ‫ث‬ ْ‫ِىب‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٗ‫ِٚفزٛؽ‬ ‫ِقٍك‬ ‫سمف‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫ٌ١س‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬
‫ِقٍك‬ ‫سمف‬"‫اٌفٕبدق‬ ‫غشف‬"
3-2-3 jet diffuser ِٓ ٍٝ‫أف‬ ‫سمفٙب‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ٌألِبو‬ ‫رشوت‬4َ
3-2-4 fresh air lover ‫األثٛاة‬ ً‫أسف‬ ‫رشوت‬"‫ِؾٛالد‬ ‫غشف‬ ، ‫ٌٍؾّبِبد‬
‫اٌىٙشثبء‬"
3-2-5 exhaust air valve ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ٌطفظ‬ ‫رشوت‬"‫ِغبثخ‬ ، ‫ؽّبِبد‬"ْ‫إ‬ ْ‫ٌضّب‬
ً‫و‬grill‫اٌىّ١خ‬ ‫ثٕفس‬ ‫٘ٛاء‬ ‫ثزطفظ‬
* Exhaust air ‫والمطبخ‬ ‫الحمام‬ ‫من‬ ‫نأخذه‬
‫ذلك‬ ‫ومميزات‬:
-‫من‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫تحقيق‬exhaust air
-‫لهما‬ ‫تهوية‬ ‫بمثابة‬ ‫وهذا‬ ‫المطبخ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫التواليت‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫تجديد‬
ٖ‫ٚثؾّذ‬ ‫اهلل‬ ْ‫سجؾب‬ ‫لبي‬ ِٓ100‫اٌجؾش‬ ‫صثذ‬ ً‫ِض‬ ‫ٌٚٛوبٔذ‬ ٗ‫رٔٛث‬ ٌٗ ‫ِشد‬‫ف‬ُ‫غ‬ ‫ِشح‬

3-3 factors ‘roles’ affecting air out lets design:
3-3-1 types of ceiling: ٛٔ‫ؿ‬‫اٌّقٍك‬ ‫اٌسمف‬
‫اٌسبلظ‬ ‫اٌسمف‬ ِٓ ْ‫ٔٛفب‬ ‫ٕ٘بن‬"‫اٌّقٍك‬:"
3-3-1a ceiling tiles: ‫ثالعبد‬
-‫إٌّزطش‬ ‫اٌّمبط‬(60*60)cm،(24*24)‫ثٛغخ‬
Neck area "‫اٌضٚس‬ ‫ِسبؽخ‬"
Effective area “‫اٌش٠ص‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ِٕٙب‬ ‫ث١ٕضي‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫اٌّسبؽخ‬ ‫ِغّٛؿ‬" Register “‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫رٛص٠ـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رسبفذ‬ ‫س٠ص‬"
Face area “‫اٌسغؾ١خ‬ ‫اٌّسبؽخ‬"
Ex:
- Grill 24 * 24 “face area”
- Grill 18 * 18 “neck area”
‫ٍِؾٛؽخ‬:
-‫اٌـ‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫اٌّسبفخ‬neck‫ٚاٌـ‬face~3inch
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-1b gypsum pored: ‫اٌغجس١خ‬ ‫األٌٛاػ‬

3-3-2 CFM for each air out let :
CFM each air terminal = (total CFM no. of air terminal)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-3 size of grill
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3-3-4 noise level:
Max. Accurate sound
ٟ‫اٌغج١ق‬ ‫اٌػٛد‬=32db
‫اٌّٛالد‬ ٝ‫ف‬:ٟ‫اٌغج١ق‬ ‫اٌػٛد‬=48db
-‫اٌــ‬ ‫عذاٚي‬ ً‫ثٕذخ‬ceiling diffuser‫ثــ‬CFM each air terminal‫ٚاٌــ‬ ،size:
‫اٌػٛد‬ ٌٛNc‫اٌــ‬ ‫ٔغ١ش‬ ٌٟ‫فب‬sizeٗ‫ث‬ ‫اٌّسّٛػ‬ ‫اٌؾذ‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ً‫ٔػ‬ ْ‫أ‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-5 air through:
X = (34) L
Where:
X ‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫ؽذفخ‬
‫اٌــ‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫اٌّسبفخ‬Grill...........L
‫الجنة‬ ‫كنوز‬ ‫من‬ ‫كنز‬ ‫باهلل‬ ‫إال‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫وال‬ ‫حول‬ ‫ال‬

3-4 air out lets design:
ٓ١‫عش٠مز‬ ‫ٕ٘بن‬:
Reflected ceiling plane
RCP
Architectural plane
-‫األؽّبي‬ ‫ٔؾست‬
-‫اٌٙٛاء‬ ‫وّ١خ‬ ‫ٔؾست‬CFM
-‫اٌـ‬ ٟ‫ف‬RCP:
‫اٌـ‬ ‫فذد‬ ٟ‫ث١قغ‬Grill‫اٌٍٛؽخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬
ٞ‫اٌّقّبس‬
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫ٔؾست‬CFM each air terminal
-‫اٌـ‬size‫اٌــ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِؾذد‬RCP
-‫ثـ‬ ‫اٌغذاٚي‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬CFM each air terminal
‫اٌـ‬ ‫ِـ‬Size‫ٚ٘ىزا‬ ‫اٌػٛد‬ ‫ٔخزجش‬ ‫ٚٔجذأ‬
-‫عش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ُّ‫ٔػ‬ ‫اٌؾبٌخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ٝ‫ف‬
‫اٌــ‬ ّٕٝ‫٠ؾى‬ ٌٍٝ‫ٚا‬ ‫اٌفشؼ‬noise
-‫أٔٙب‬ ‫ثفشؼ‬ ‫ٔجذأ‬grillٖ‫ٚاؽذ‬
-ً‫ٚؽػ‬ ‫اٌغذٚي‬ ‫دخٍذ‬ ٌٛnoise‫ٔضٚد‬
‫ٌـ‬ ‫فذد‬ ‫اٌـ‬grill‫اٌـ‬ ‫ٚٔطٛف‬noise
‫ٚ٘ىزا‬...
، ‫ِخشعب‬ ‫ض١ك‬ ً‫و‬ ِٓ ٌٗ ‫اهلل‬ ً‫عق‬ ‫؛‬ ‫اإلسزغفبس‬ َ‫ٌض‬ ِٓ
‫٠ؾزست‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ؽ١ش‬ ِٓ ٗ‫ٚسصل‬ ، ‫فشعب‬ ُ٘ ً‫و‬ ِٓٚ.

4- Duct design “ Duct Seizer ‫ثشٔبِظ‬ َ‫”ثبسزخذا‬
4-1 Duct Type: - width
Depth
Rectangular Circular
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
-‫اٌــ‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬Rectangular‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِسٍٛة‬ ‫فٍّٕب‬ ٌٛdepth‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫٘١ؾٙش‬ ‫ِص‬
plane‫اٌـ‬ ُ‫سل‬ ٟ‫ٕ٘الل‬ ٓ‫ٌى‬depthً‫ثبٌطى‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫رغ١ش؛‬-:
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
-‫اٌــ‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬Rectangular‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِسٍٛة‬ ‫فٍّٕب‬ ٌٛwidth‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫٘١ؾٙش‬plane
ً‫اٌطى‬ ‫ثٙزا‬-:
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
W WD D

4-2 The factors which affected on design of ducts:
1- CFM
2- Size “ W * D” , “diameter”
3- Velocity “V”
4- Friction “f”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-3 Rules of duct sizing selection:
4-3-1 Aspect Ratio “A.R” =
‫اٌجقذاٌىج١شاٌجقذاٌػغ١ش‬
Aspect Ratio duct weight heat losses
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫األٔٛاؿ‬ ً‫أفض‬round‫ٚثقذ٘ب‬square‫اٌّجغظ‬ ُ‫ص‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-3-2‫اٌضٚع١خ‬ ‫األثقبد‬‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ً‫رفض‬width‫ٚاٌـ‬depth
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-3-3‫اٌمغـ‬ ‫لبفذح‬
-َ‫الص‬D1>D2
-‫ٚغٍخ‬ ًّ‫ٕ٘ق‬ ٌٛTee∴D1 = D2
- The role is: D1 > D2 ≅ 2”
-‫ثـ‬ ‫خبغخ‬ ‫اٌقاللخ‬depth‫اٌـ‬ ْ‫أل‬ ‫فمظ‬width‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثزبؿ‬branch‫اٌـ‬ ‫ث١مغـ‬depth‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثزبؿ‬main

4-3-4 Reduction: ‫اٌسٍت‬ ‫لبفذح‬
-ٖ‫ٚاؽذ‬ ‫ؽبعخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫اٌسٍت‬ ً‫٠فض‬.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-4 steps of design:
4-4-1 load estimation TR CFM
4-4-2 air out lets design CFM for each grill
4-4-3 design drawing single line from ACU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
4-4-4 calculate CFM in each duct section
4-4-5 use the Duct Sizer program
4-4-6 constant friction
4-4-7 @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing
Note that:
*@ van which is nearest to compressor;
- max. Velocity 1200 fpm.
- CFM = total CFM
- By max. Velocity, total CFM; we get duct sizing friction

‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثشٔبِظ‬ َ‫اسزخذا‬ ‫فٕذ‬ ‫ِالؽؾبد‬duct sizer
2-‫فٕذٔب‬ ْ‫إ‬ ‫ٕ٘فزشؼ‬500CFM‫اٌـ‬ ‫خبٔخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ُٙ‫ٕ٘ىزج‬ ، ‫اٌّىٕخ‬ ِٓ ٓ١‫خبسع‬Flow
rate‫اٌـ‬ ‫خبٔخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٔىزت‬ ُ‫ص‬velocity1200ٓ١١ٌ‫اٌزب‬ ٓ١ٍ‫ثبٌطى‬ ٓ١‫ِج‬ ٛ٘ ‫وّب‬.
3-‫اٌـ‬ ‫خبٔخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ُ‫سل‬ ٞ‫فٕذ‬ ‫ؽٙش‬ ٝ‫٘الل‬head loss‫دا‬ ‫ِضبٌٕب‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٛ٘ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬0.276،
‫عذا‬ ‫وٛ٠س‬ ‫دا‬ ُ‫اٌشل‬ ‫٘ؾفؼ‬.
4-‫اٌـ‬ ‫خبٔخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٍُِّ‫ٔق‬head lossٓ١‫ِج‬ ٛ٘ ‫وّب‬ ‫ارّسؾذ‬ َ‫األسلب‬ ٝ‫٘الل‬ ، ‫ثبٌّبٚط‬ ‫ثضغظ‬
ٌٟ‫اٌزب‬ ً‫ثبٌطى‬.ٖ‫ؽفؾٕب‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ُ‫اٌشل‬ ‫ف١ٙب‬ ‫ٔىزت‬ ُ‫ص‬0.276‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثزضج١ذ‬ ‫لّٕب‬ ‫لذ‬ ْٛ‫ٔى‬ ‫ٚثزٌه‬
friction‫اٌزبٌ١خ‬ ‫اٌػفؾخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٓ١‫ِج‬ ٛ٘ ‫وّب‬.
1-‫ٚٔخٍ١ٙب‬ ‫اإلخز١بساد‬ ِٓ ٞ‫د‬ ‫اٌؾشٚف‬ ‫ٔغ١ش‬
75°F Air at 50% RH and 1 atm

5-‫اٌـ‬ ‫ل١ّخ‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫اٌسبثك‬ ً‫اٌطى‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫الؽؼ‬flow rate‫ٔىزجٙب‬ ‫ٔشعـ‬ ، ‫ارغ١شد‬500ٟٔ‫رب‬
6-‫ٌـ‬ ٌٝٚ‫األ‬ ‫اٌخبٔخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٔىزت‬Duct size‫لجٍٙب‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫اٌخبٔخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٝ‫اٌّقغ‬ ُ‫اٌشل‬ ً‫لج‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٟ‫اٌضٚع‬ ُ‫اٌشل‬Equivalent diameter

7-َ‫الص‬ ‫اٌمغـ‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬≅ 2"𝐷branch<𝐷 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
8-‫أصجذ‬ َ‫الص‬ ‫اٌسٍت‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬Dً‫أل‬ ً‫ٚ٠فض‬D‫غؼ‬ ‫وبرت‬ ٝٔ‫إ‬ ‫اٌىزبثخ‬ ‫فٕذ‬ ٟ‫ٚٔشاف‬.
9-ٌٝ ‫عٍـ‬ ٌٛDuct sizeِٕٗ‫أوجش‬ ٟ‫صٚع‬ ُ‫سل‬ ‫ألشة‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ٗ‫ٔمشث‬ ‫؛‬ ٞ‫فشد‬ ُ‫ثشل‬.
‫-‏‬‫تؼد‏كدا‏ػُد‏أٌ‏‬Section‫‏هدخم‏فً‏انثزَايج‏انـ‏‬flow rate‫‏فمط‏وأراػٍ‏انُمطة‏‬7،8،9.‫‏‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex1:-
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫رٛص٠ـ‬ ْ‫ٚوب‬ ْ‫ِىب‬ ٞ‫ثزغز‬ ‫ِىٕخ‬ ٞ‫فٕذ‬Grillً‫ٚو‬ ً‫ثبٌطى‬ ‫وّب‬grill‫ٌٙب‬500CFM
- Design drawing single line from ACU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
- calculate CFM in each duct section

- use the Duct Sizer program
- Constant friction
- @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫اٌّالؽؾبد‬ ‫رغج١ك‬ ‫ِـ‬9‫اٌجشٔبِظ‬ َ‫اسزخذا‬ ‫فٕذ‬ ‫روش٘ب‬ ‫سجك‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex2:
700 CFM for each air out let:

- Design drawing single line from AHU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
- calculate CFM in each duct section
- use the Duct Sizer program
- Constant friction
- @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫اٌّالؽؾبد‬ ‫رغج١ك‬ ‫ِـ‬9‫اٌجشٔبِظ‬ َ‫اسزخذا‬ ‫فٕذ‬ ‫روش٘ب‬ ‫سجك‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬
‫ٚعٛد‬ ‫ِشافبح‬ ‫ِـ‬"ٍْٛ‫ثٕغ‬ ً‫سع‬"‫اٌغضء‬ ‫٘زا‬ ‫فٕذ‬
‫هذا‏انجزء‏نُس‏تمطغ‏وال‏سهة‏وإًَا‏هى‏‬‫"‏‬‫رجم‏تُطهىٌ‏‬‫"‏‬split‫‏وفُه‏َحى‏جثثُث‏انـ‏‬depth‫‏فً‏انثالخ‏اججاهات‬‫‏‬

ً‫اٌطى‬ ‫ثٙزا‬ ْٛ‫٘١ى‬ ‫اٌّضبي‬ ً‫ؽ‬-: ∴
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ثمب‬ ‫ثٕفسه‬ ‫دا‬ ‫اٌّضبي‬ ً‫ؽ‬
600 CFM for each grill

5- Duct construction :
5-1 Volume damper:
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫خبسط‬ ‫ثضساؿ‬ ٍٗ‫ِزٛغ‬ ‫س٠ص‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٖ‫فجبس‬duct
5-1-1 Function:
- Balance for air quantities inside duct network
- Equalizing to friction or pressure drop in all baths
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-1-2 Type of volume damper:

5-1-3 Location volume damper:
- Supply ducts at entering of each branch.
‫فشؿ‬ ً‫و‬ ً‫ِذخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٜ‫اٌّغز‬ ‫اٌػبط‬ ٝ‫ف‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-1-4 Smacna cad standard: ‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٍٗ‫ضى‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
-َ‫الص‬‫اٌـ‬volume damper‫اٌّقٍك‬ ‫اٌسمف‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٗ‫فزؾ‬ ‫عش٠ك‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫وٍٙب‬ ٗ‫اٌطجى‬ ‫اسوت‬ ‫ثقذِب‬ ٌٗ ً‫اٚغ‬ ‫افشف‬
‫اٌش٠ص‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ّٗ‫اٌّزؾى‬ ‫اٌ١ذ‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ً‫رػ‬.
- Volume damper must be accessible BY access panel from air outlet.
Testing & commissioning
-ُ٘ ‫اٌقٍّ١خ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّسئٛي‬TAB
Testing & Balancing & Adjustment
“‫االخزجبس‬ ‫”فٍّ١بد‬
Because of:
ٗ‫ٌٙذِز‬ ً‫اٌجبع‬ ِٓ ًٍ‫عج‬ َ‫أِب‬ ‫اٌؾك‬ ِٓ ‫رسح‬ ‫غّذد‬ ٌٛ
‫عبٌت‬ ٟ‫أث‬ ٓ‫ث‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ َ‫اإلِب‬

5-2 fire damper: “smoke damper”
‫ثبة‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ٗ‫فٍج‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٖ‫فجبس‬"‫آوس‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌٍّفٛف‬ ْ‫اٌذوب‬ ‫ثبة‬ ٜ‫ص‬"ٗ١‫ف‬ ‫ٚدائّب‬Springٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫٠ضغظ‬
‫ٚعٛد‬ ٗ‫ث١ّٕق‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ٌٚى‬ ٌٗ‫ٌ١ٕض‬ ‫اٌجبة‬‫ٌالٔػٙبس‬ ٍٗ‫لبث‬ ٍٗ‫ٚغ‬‫اغالق‬ ُ‫ف١ز‬ ْ‫اٌذخب‬ ‫ثّشٚس‬ ‫رٕػٙش‬
‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثٛاسغخ‬ ‫اٌجبة‬spring
ٗ‫ٚٚؽ١فز‬:‫اٌؾش٠ك‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ْ‫دخب‬ ‫ٚعٛد‬ ِٓ ٗ‫اٌطجى‬ ‫ؽّب٠خ‬
ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٗ‫رشو١ج‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬Return branch
ٗ١ٍ‫ف‬ ٗ‫ٔشوج‬ ‫اخش‬ ْ‫ِىب‬ ‫ٌٚٙب‬"Fire rated wall" "‫اٌؾش٠ك‬ ‫ضذ‬ ‫ؽٛائظ‬"‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫اٌزىس١شف‬ ُ‫ر‬ ‫ارا‬
Fire rated wallٜ‫ٔقذ‬ ٓ‫ٌى‬"‫ٔخزشق‬"‫اٌـ‬duct‫ثزبفٕب‬(‫ِضال‬ ‫اٌٙشٚة‬ ٍُ‫س‬)‫اٌـ‬ ‫ٚؽٛي‬Duct
‫اسّٙب‬ ٖ‫ِبد‬ ‫ثٕشوت‬Fire sealant material‫ثٕشوت‬ ٖٛ‫ٚع‬Fire damper
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
- Return CFM is from supply CFM for the same space.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-3 Branch “take off”:
ٝ‫ثزجم‬curve‫ٔبؽ١خ‬ ِٓ‫اٌـ‬flow
‫اٌٍٛػ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٖ‫سِض‬
 X

5-4 Reducer: ‫اٌّسٍٛة‬
‫-‏‬‫يىلؼه‬:‫ٔس١ت‬ َ‫الص‬10‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ُ‫س‬duct‫ٚثقذ٘ب‬‫أسٍت‬.
-Its location: After 10cm from the branch take off
- Its length:
L= 4(W1 – W2)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-5 Elbow:‫اٌىٛؿ‬
ٗ١‫رٛع‬ ‫س٠ص‬ ‫ٔشوت‬ ً‫اٌؾ‬Guide vanes

Design of Guide vanes: from table as shown
‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ؽٙشد‬ ٗ‫اٌٍف‬ ٌٛ ‫؛‬ ‫ث١ٍف‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫ُقذ‬‫ج‬ٌ‫ثب‬ ‫اٌغذٚي‬ ً‫ثٕذخ‬plane‫اٌـ‬ ‫٠جك‬width‫ث١ٍف‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬
‫اٌـ‬ ٝ‫٠جم‬ ‫ِؾٙشرص‬ ٌٛ ‫؛‬depthّٝ‫ٚ٠س‬ ‫رؾذ‬ ‫ٔضي‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫فٛق‬ ‫عٍـ‬riser
Table of Guide vanes
Depth for the elbow No. of Guide vanes
Up to 10” No Guide vanes
12” : 16” one Guide vanes
16” : 24” two Guide vanes
More than 24” three Guide vanes
Ex:
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1 2

-‫اٌـ‬ ‫لغش‬ ‫ٌزؾذ٠ذ‬Guide vanes
Where:
Rt throat radius ( 3” : 6” )
RH Heel radius width
RH= Rt + or
Depth
-ٞ‫فٕذ‬ ‫أٔب‬ ‫وذا‬RH،Rtٓ١ٍِٛ‫ِق‬
‫اٌزبٌ١خ‬ ‫اٌخش٠غخ‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬ ٟ‫اٌجبل‬ ‫ٌّقشفخ‬-:
‫اٌخش٠غخ‬ َ‫اسزخذا‬ ‫عش٠مخ‬:
-َ‫وب‬ ٞ‫فٕذ‬ ‫أٔب‬ ‫أضٛف‬Guide vanes‫اٌـ‬ ‫أفزشؼ‬ ‫ٚأثذأ‬Rt‫اٌـ‬ ‫ِٕٙب‬ ‫ٚأؽست‬RH‫ثخظ‬ ُٕٙ١‫ث‬ ً‫ٔٛغ‬ ُ‫ص‬
‫اٌخش٠غخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬‫اٌـ‬ ‫فذد‬ ‫خغٛط‬ ‫ِـ‬ ُٙ‫ٚرمبعق‬Guide vanes‫ل١ّخ‬ ٛ٘R1،R2،…‫‏‬
‫ٚ٘ىزا‬…
‫سجك‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫ٌف‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ٓ١ِ ‫ؽست‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬
‫س٠ص‬ ‫صالس‬ ٌٟ‫إعّب‬ ِٓ ‫اٌضبٔ١خ‬ ‫اٌش٠طخ‬ ‫ِقٕب٘ب‬
‫س٠ص‬ ‫صالس‬ ٌٟ‫إعّب‬ ِٓ ٌٝٚ‫اٌش٠طخاأل‬ ‫ِقٕب٘ب‬

5-6 Canvas:
‫ثقذ‬ ‫رشوت‬ ‫اٌمّبش‬ ِٓ ‫رػٕـ‬ ‫لغقخ‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٖ‫فجبس‬AHU‫اٌـ‬ ً‫ِذخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬Supply‫ٚاٌـ‬Return
‫ثـ‬ ‫ا٘زضاص‬ ‫ؽذٚس‬ ‫ٌّٕـ‬AHU(( To prevent Horizontal Vibration
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
-ٛ٘ٚ ‫اإل٘زضاصاد‬ ِٓ ‫آخش‬ ‫ٔٛؿ‬ ‫٠ٛعذ‬Vertical Vibrationً‫ُٕم‬‫ر‬ٌٝ‫ا‬construction element
‫ٌقالعٙب‬
Rubber badspring cupFloating floor
ًّ‫ٔؾ‬AHUٍٝ‫ف‬Rubber badًّ‫ٔؾ‬AHUٍٝ‫ف‬springُ‫٠ز‬‫ٚضـ‬ٗ‫عجم‬َِٓٛ‫اٌف‬ٍٝ‫ف‬
‫اٌسغؼ‬ٝٔ‫اٌخشسب‬ُ‫ص‬‫ٔػت‬‫عجمخ‬
ٜ‫اخش‬ ٗٔ‫خشسب‬ًّ‫ٔؾ‬‫فٍ١ٙب‬AHU
(‫سمف‬ُ٠‫فب‬)

6- Duct test: “smoke, light” Test
light TestSmoke Test
-ٗ‫ف١ٛث‬:
1- fall darkness ‫داِس‬ َ‫ؽال‬ َ‫الص‬
2- Test to be done for separate straight
duct.
3- when silica used it must be opaque
-ٗ‫اٌطجى‬ ٖٛ‫ع‬ ٗ‫ٚٔضغغ‬ ْ‫دخب‬ ‫ٔغ١ت‬
ٖ‫ؽشاس‬ ْٚ‫ثذ‬ ٍِْٛ ‫٘ٛاء‬‫اٌـ‬ ْ‫فٍطب‬fire damper
-ٗ‫ف١ٛث‬:
- Network branches need to be closes
before test.
- Smoke equipment to be provides
In case of leakage ‫اٌزسش٠ت‬ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ٝ‫ف‬
- Reconstruction or used Silica (opaque or Transparent)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
In case of no leakage
Contractor consultant
WIR Work inspection Request
‫ٔزى١ص‬ ْ‫فٍطب‬ ‫٠ٛلـ‬ ٜ‫االسزطبس‬ ٓ١‫ِٚؾزبع‬ ‫ٚاخزجشٔب‬ ‫خٍػٕب‬ ‫ِقٕب٘ب‬

7- Duct insulation: “Types, Design”
7-1 Sound insulation
- In supply Duct branch.
- In return Duct branch.
- Elbow
* Sound insulation is in side duct.
-‫ِبدح‬ ِٓ ‫٠ػٕـ‬Arm flexً‫لج‬ ُ‫ٚرز‬ً١‫رمف‬ ‫فٍّ١خ‬‫اٌـ‬Duct
** Its Function is damping sound level
It from 1cm to 3cm
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7-2 Heat insulation:
- For the whole network ‫وٍٙب‬ ٗ‫ٌٍطجى‬
* Heat insulation is outside the duct
-‫ثقذاٌـ‬ ُ‫رز‬Duct installation‫اٌـ‬ ِٓ ‫ٚرػٕـ‬Fiber glass
** Its Function is:
- Decrease heat transfer.
- Prevent water vapor condensation on the outer duct surface.
-‫اٌـ‬ ‫ثٕقضي‬Supply‫اٌـ‬ ‫ٚثٕقضي‬ ٓ١‫ٌٍٛؽ١فز‬Return‫ِب‬ ‫ثقذ‬ ْ‫أل‬ ٗ١ٔ‫اٌضب‬ ٗ‫ٌٍٛؽ١ف‬
‫اٌـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّبء‬ ‫ثخبس‬ ‫٠زىضف‬Duct‫ِٕه‬ ‫٘زجٛػ‬ ‫ٚاٌذٔ١ب‬ ‫اٌسمف‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِبء‬ ‫٠ٕمظ‬ ‫٘١جذا‬.

*** Density of Heat insulation:
ً‫ٌى‬ ْ‫اٌٛص‬ ً‫رّض‬𝑐𝑚3
Density
48 𝑘𝑔
𝑚324 𝑘𝑔
𝑚312 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
**** Thickness of Heat insulation:
1” 2” 4”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Duct insulation
outdoor ductIn door duct
- duct is on roof or shaft
- Density 24 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
- Thickness 2”
ٖ‫اٌؾبس‬ ‫اٌجالد‬ ٝ‫-ٚف‬
𝑚3
- Thickness 4”
‫ٌـ‬ ًّ‫ٚثٕق‬outdoor duct(‫‏‬‫انًؼزض‏نهشًس‏‬)
Cladding(‫اٌقضي‬ ‫ؽٛي‬ ٓ‫ِغٍف‬ ‫غبط‬)
‫ِى١ف‬ ‫ؽ١ض‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٜ‫ث١قذ‬ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ ‫-اٌػبط‬
Air condition region
𝑚3
- Thickness 1”

***** Duct insulation steps
1-‫اٌػبط‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ٓ٘‫ٔذ‬ ٗ‫الغم‬ ٖ‫ِبد‬"ٍَُّٗ‫و‬"foster
2-‫اٌػبط‬ ُ‫عس‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌقضي‬ ‫ٌف‬ ُ‫٠ز‬‫اٌـ‬ ِٓ4‫ٔمغـ‬ ‫ِب‬ ً‫ٚلج‬ ‫عٛأت‬
‫ٔس١ت‬5ُ‫س‬‫ٔذ‬ ْ‫فٍطب‬ ٖ‫ص٠بد‬‫أ‬‫اٌقضي‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ضقف‬ ‫ٔمغخ‬ ‫ِف١ص‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫وذ‬
over lap
3-‫الغك‬ٗ‫ث‬‫سٍه‬ٜ‫ص‬‫اٌسٌٛ١زت‬‫ثٍٕػك‬ٗ‫ث‬‫اٌغضء‬‫اي‬‫ـ‬5ُ‫س‬duct tape:
4-‫ٌّٚب‬‫ٔجذأفضي‬‫اٌغضء‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬‫ثقذ٘ب‬ً‫ثٕذخ‬‫فٍ١ٙب‬5ُ‫س‬‫فٛق‬‫اٌقضي‬ُ٠‫اٌمذ‬
ْ‫ٌضّب‬‫عٛدح‬‫اٌقضي‬‫ٍٚٔػمٙب‬‫ثـ‬Duct tape
5-‫سٍه‬ٗ‫ثٕشثغ‬ٗ١‫ث‬Duct Belt:
ٝ‫ٚ٠جم‬٤ِٗ‫اؽض‬ٝ‫ف‬ٝ‫ف‬‫اٌّزش‬ٕٝ‫٠ق‬ٗ‫سثغ‬ً‫و‬٢٥ُ‫س‬ً‫و‬‫ِزش‬

8- Design Package
1- Design Drawings
2- BOQ “Bill Off Quantities”‫جداول‏حصز‏انكًُات‬
Grill: number for each size
Pipes: length for each diameter
Duct: weight
Insulation: area
3- Specification “SPCS” ‫انًىاصفات‬
ٕٝ‫٠ق‬‫ثبخزػبس‬‫ٕٕ٘فز‬‫اٌشسِٛبد‬ٜ‫د‬‫ثبٌىّ١بد‬ٜ‫د‬‫ٚثبٌّٛاغفبد‬ٜ‫د‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
8-1 Duct: weight
3- ‫ثسىٛي‬ ْ‫ِ١ضا‬2- General1- equations
W= 0.4 (w + H) T * L
Kg inch mm m
-ٝ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبرظ‬ ‫ٔضشة‬ ُ‫ص‬1.1
safety factor
-ٓ‫ف‬‫عش٠ك‬excel sheet‫داس‬ٗ‫إٌٙذس‬
‫يثال‬
@ duct Rectangular:
‫ٔجذأ‬ً‫ٔذخ‬W D L T
@ Elbow:
Rt RH ‫ٔجذأ‬ ً‫ٔذخ‬
**ٕٝ‫٠ق‬ٝ‫ثّٕط‬‫ِـ‬ٗ‫اٌطجى‬ً‫ٚٔذخ‬ً‫و‬ٗ‫ؽز‬
‫ٌٛؽذ٘ب‬:
- Branch , - Reducer , - Take off
Duct thickness T
Required thicknessLarger size
0.6 mmUp to 12”
0.7 mm14” : 30”
0.8 mm32” : 40”
1 mmMore than 40”
- Scrap percentage: ‫اٌٙبدس‬
15 : 25 %

8-2 Insulation area: ‫حساب‏يساحة‏انؼزل‬‫‏‬
A’ = .05 ( W + H ) L
𝑚2
inch m
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
A = A’ * 1.1 “safety factor”
‫ػدد‏انهفات‬‫‏=‏‬𝑨
𝟐𝟒‫‏‬

Hvac 2015

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