This presentation was delivered in the Indigenous Liberation Studies class by Terezia Fletcher. It examine the Hungarian Underground Resistance and her own families involvement in it. The underground resistance groups key concepts were to help the Jews in Hungary. This was done by stealing food coupons from agencies so they could get much needed food supplies for the Jews, to falsifying documents, burning birth certificates/or the buildings that housed them. It was done so the SS special police could not find out how many of them were born and to whom and where they resided.
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This was produced by a fabulous student called Joe B who I was lucky to have taught GCSE History. As part of the class's work he was asked to produced an explanation of how propaganda was used by the Nazis to control the German people and this is his finished work
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1. Magyar Juditz
Holokauszt
Hungarian Jewish Holocaust.
Underground Résistance
By Terezia Fletcher
Bachelor of Applied Social Science Year 3
Indigenous Liberation Studies 2016
Waikato Institute of Technology
2. Prezentáció a népirtásról a Magyar zsidók
szeretnék elismerni őseink és a wairua,
a tutor Rāwiri,
anyám Terézia és apa Zoltán,
az otthoni földet Magyarországon
és a Magyar családi Horvath,
a Danube és az otthoni Sombothagy és Mosenmagyarvarsagy
Welcome to my power point presentation on the genocide of Hungarian Jews,
I would like to acknowledge our ancestors and our wairua,
our tutor Rāwiri,
my mother Terezia and father Zoltan,
my home land Hungary
my Hungarian family Horvath,
my river Danube and homes Sombothagy and Mosenmagyarvarsagy.
4. The underground resistance groups key concepts were to help the Jews in Hungary.
This was done by stealing food coupons from agencies so they could get much needed food supplies for
the Jews, to falsifying documents, burning birth certificates/or the buildings that housed them. It was
done so the SS special police could not find out how many of them were born and to whom and where
the resided.
They helped families cross the border to Switzerland, and or other Countries by boat and other means
deemed safe.
They took them in as family members and siblings.
They helped nurse them back to health.
On occasions when the SS went to the hospitals for Jewish patients they were told that they had died of
wounds or sickness or been released.
These Jews were taken to safe houses.
Though there were many things the resistance groups did the main reasons were to stop the mass
murdering of innocent men, woman and children.
They believed in the rights of all individuals to be equal
That not one race deeming themselves superior to all others.
They were about humanitarian rights and equality.
5. The limitations to those resistance groups who took part in the savings of Jews in the
holocaust
Being caught which resulted in torture and then death
Being turned in by German collaborators
Lack of trust towards those with whom they needed information from.
Being limited by times and days they could move people towards safety.
That they could be ambushed in the forests and mountains.
Risks to ones own family if connections made.
No government to talk with, as taken over by German officials.
Lack of money for payment of transport etc.
Keeping children quiet as the slightest noise was an alert to the Germans.
Lack of food needed for the strength along their journey.
6. Contrasts of the western colonialism and imperialism to the underground résistance group.
• In 1924, Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a
Jewish conspiracy.
• Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order.
• 1935 Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights.
• – The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that do not agree with his philosophy.
• Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the
genocide of at least 6 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed
Untermenschen ("sub-humans") and socially undesirable.
• 1936 Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business. – Jews no longer have the right to vote.
• By January 1942, he had decided that the Jews, Slavs, and other deportees considered undesirable
should be killed. – Jews must carry ID cards and Jewish passports are marked with a “J.”
• Jews no longer head businesses, attend plays, concerts, etc; All Jewish children are moved to Jewish
schools. -Jewish businesses are shut down; they must sell businesses and hand over securities and
jewels.- Jews must hand over drivers’ licenses and car registrations. Jews must be in certain places at
certain times. These are only a few of the atrocities Nazism declared against Jews.
7. Contrasts of the western colonialism and imperialism to the underground résistance group.
• In contras to Nazism the underground resistances, formed were so that they could save as many Jews as
they could.
• They were not racial and believed in equality of all nationalities.
• They were humanitarian's, opposed to genocidal murders. They housed and hid Jews from the Germans
• The resistance groups used any means possible to sabotage the German army, SS police and any other
German forces responsible for the analisation of Jews.
• They ran underground news papers which were informative of the where abouts and plans of German
soldiers.
• They also worked with the British and US, giving information in regards to the fate of the Jewish and
those captured British and US soldiers.
12. This photo is taken from outside Auscswhitsz the entrance in the middle is known as “Deaths Gate”.
13. Gas chamber in the main camp of Auschwitz immediately after liberation. Poland, January 1945.
— Dokumentationsarchiv des Oesterreichischen Widerstandes.
14. Sonder kommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau, August 1944. Incineration of
corpses.
15. Whether they saved a thousand people or a single life,
those who rescued Jews during the Holocaust
demonstrated the possibility of individual choice even
in extreme circumstances. These and other acts of
conscience and courage, however, saved only a tiny
percentage of those targeted for destruction.
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/holo/eliebio.htm
16. Six million Jews perished as a result of Nazi genocide in the Holocaust.
Thousands of others, however, were saved thanks to the courageous
intervention of non-Jewish individuals who risked death to keep Jews alive.
"And so we must know these good people who helped Jews during the
Holocaust. We must learn from them, and in gratitude and hope, we must
remember them." - Elie Wiesel
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/holo/eliebio.htm
17. references
• Photos retrieved 4/5/2016 from Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum Torteneti Fenykeptar
• National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.
• J.C. Pressac, the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989.
• Retrieved 28/4/2016 from http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/arrival.asp
• Retrieved 28/4/2016 from http://www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/history-of-the-holocaust-
shoah/the-killing-machine/extermination-of-polish-and-soviet-jews.html
• Retrieved 28/4/2016 from http://www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/40-questions-40-answers/on-how-
the-holocaust-took-place.html
• Retrieved 27/4/2016 from
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/DestructionofHungarianJews.html
• Retrieved 27/4/2016 from http://history1900s.about.com/od/holocaust/a/auschwitz.htm
• Retrieved 27/4/2016 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II
Editor's Notes
During the Hungarian holocaust there were many known resistance groups. But there were those who worked quietly in the underground doing the work as individuals and small private groups who had heroically gone further than the security of their own lives, to help save the Hungarian Jews from exportation to the concentration camps of Auschwitz and others. The couple pictured above were just two of a small group of ten friends that dedicated themselves in saving Jews from Auschwitz. God bless and may they all rest in peace.
The people that believed in humanitarian rights of all people and equality were indeed brave and heroic, the thoughts of their own safety were put to the furtherist section of their minds. They had to do this so they could concentrate only on their tasks at hand, it was paramount that they kept their wits about themselves otherwise their movements were not be so successful.
There were many limitations that faced resistance groups in these times , loss of friendships due to differences of opinions in relation to the treatment of Jews. The Holocaust was a divider of Nations and it’s people/s.
Their was a time frame which was determined by Adolph Hitler, he was regimental in everything he did. This was driven by his hatred against Jews. Along with his desire to form a Europe with pure blooded Germans absent of mixed race as he believed that other races were sub-humans and not worthy of life.
The resistance groups worked hard and fast in many areas of the war to hinder the advancement of the Germans race towards the genocide of all Jews in Europe.
HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST – TIME LINE
1933
The Nazi party takes power in Germany. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor, or prime minister of Germany. - Nazis ‘temporarily’ suspend civil liberties
– The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau. The first inmates are 200 Communists.
– Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned.
1934
Hitler combines the positions of chancellor and president to become ‘Fuhrer’ or leader of Germany.’
– Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets.
1935
Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights.
– The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that do not agree with his philosophy.
1936
Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business.
– The Olympic Games are held in Germany; signs barring Jews are removed until the event is over.
– Jews no longer have the right to vote.
1938
German troops annexed Austria.
– On Kristallnacht, the ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria – 30,000 Jews are arrested.
– Jews must carry ID cards and Jewish passports are marked with a “J.”
– Jews no longer head businesses, attend plays, concerts, etc;
All Jewish children are moved to Jewish schools.
– Jewish businesses are shut down; they must sell businesses and hand over securities and jewels.
– Jews must hand over drivers’ licenses and car registrations.
– Jews must be in certain places at certain times.
1939
Germany takes over Czechoslovakia and invades Poland.
– World War II begins as Britain and France declare war on Germany.
– Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear yellow stars of David.
1940
Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland.
– Jews are forced into ghettos.
– Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.
-Jews are put into concentration camps.
1941
Germany attacks the Soviet Union.
– Jews throughout Western Europe are forced into ghettos.
-Jews may not leave their houses without permission form the police.
-Jews may no longer use public telephones.
1942
Nazi officials discuss the ‘Final Solution’ – their plan to kill all European Jews – to the government officials.
-Jews are forbidden to: subscribe to newspapers; keep dogs, cats, birds, etc, or keep electrical equipment including typewriters; own bicycles; buy meat, eggs, or mild; use public transportation; attend school.
1943
February: About 80 to 85 percent of the Jews who would die in the Holocaust have already been murdered.
1944
Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered.
1945
Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe.
– The Holocaust is over and the death camps are emptied.
– Many survivors are placed in displaced persons facilities.
1946
An International Military Tribunal (Judicial assembly) is created by Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
– At Nuremburg, Nazi leaders are tried for war crimes by the above Judicial assembly.
1947
The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.
Adolf Hitler already had this document signed well before the October meeting to persuade other official's to agree with the going forth of the Euthanasia program. As seen above.
These are only a few of the camps which are located in Hungary and Slovakia, those marked with the X are Slave labour camps, those marked with a / are the transit camps. These are where Hungarian and other Jews were held before the decision to send them for slave labour or death.
Hungary had a very large Jewish population of around 725,000 at the beginning of World War II. The country was characterised by widespread anti-Semitism, but in spite of this there was a strong reluctance to deport the Hungarian Jews. Non-Hungarian Jews, on the other hand, were merely viewed as a burden. In 1943 the Germans renewed their pressure to have the Hungarian Jews deported, but the Hungarian government kept delaying the decision.
http://www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/history-of-the-holocaust-shoah/the-killing-machine/deportations.html
German troops invaded Hungary, and the SS were put in charge of the occupation. The deportation of the Hungarian Jews received the highest priority and was carried out with terrible efficiency. In the course of seven weeks, beginning in May of 1944, more than 430,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Auschwitz.
Adolf Hitler had the railway lines extended so that the Hungarian Jews could be closer to the Gas chambers saving time.,
This is a picture of the gas chamber, where thousands of Jews were lead to their deaths. They were made to look like shower blocks, where false shower heads hung from the ceiling. They were also made to walk in with their hands up so they could fit more in, and made the gassing process faster as there was less room to move and breathe.
One of the cremation pits used to burn the victims of the gas chambers in Auschwitz. Used mainly in the summer of 1944 when extermination was going so fast that the furnaces couldn’t handle the number of corpses. The photo was taken by a member of the camp’s resistance (a member of a sonder kommando). This is one of only two images of Auschwitz taken by prisoners known to exist.
Source: Auschwitz Technique and operation of the gas chambers – J.C. Pressac, the Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, NY, 1989.
Famous quotes by an Auschwitz survivor Elie Wiesel a well known journalist and member of the Presidents Commission on the Holocaust to which he belonged till 1989.
