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Humans, Port Cities and the Sea – Transformation Processes and New Cultural Dimensions, Qingdao 2018
- 1. Humans, Port Cities and the Sea –Transformation Processes and New Cultural Dimensions © Alexander Koch 2018 East Asia Arts Development Forum, „Marine Culture and the City of Art“, Qingdao, 5th-7th September 2018
- 2. 1. Introduction 2. Maritime Identities 3. Perspectives 4. Transformations 5. Outlook Table of Contents 2/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Great wave off the coast of Kanagawa, Katsushika Hokusai, c. 1830
- 3. Historical Dimensions • Shifts between fear and approximation, discovery and use, exploring and opening, exploitation and regeneration ➔ Global relationships of interdependences and interactions ➔ Specific marine culture(s) Introduction 3/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Abraham Storck,Tsar Peter the Great on board his yacht, heading toward the frigate Pieter en Paul, c. 1698 ©Amsterdam Museum
- 4. Historical Dimensions • The sea is shaping the development of our continents since ancient times • The sea is a facilitator of expansionism and trade, a bridge and barrier of continents, a resource, and a focus of desire and imagination • Environmental concerns, climate-related issues, and the use or overuseof marine resources are subjects of growing public debates ➔ Marine Awareness in Science,Technology, Environment, Economy & Politics Introduction 4/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook
- 5. Historical Dimensions • Port cities as center points of natural & cultural dynamics ➔ Sea ➔ Economy ➔ Mobility ➔ Migration ➔ Intercultural Exchange ➔ Diversity ➔ Development Introduction 5/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Venice around 1480
- 6. Port Cities • Cultural relations through trade, commerce, contacts, people and religions • Specific local culture interconnectedto regional culture, cultural diversity & shared heritage ➔ Innovative fields of glocalization Maritime Identities 6/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Port of Rotterdam,The Netherlands, around 1900 and today
- 7. Port Cities – Modern, globalized, internationalized • Engines of globalization and transformation & Harbors as gateways to the world • Contact zones to neighboring regions and the hinterland • Centers of politics, religions, economies, society, technologies, arts, creativity & culture • Center points of greater urban areas and continuous development ➔ Cultural diversity & authenticity ➔ USP Maritime Identities 7/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook AntonieVolkmar, Emigrants‘ Farewell, 1860 © German Historical Museum
- 8. Local Stories & GlobalValues • Struggle of humans & the sea • Balance of nature & culture • Changing challenges • Continuous engagement ➔ Perspective from the sea ➔ Innovative ways of glocalization ➔ Combining past, present & future Maritime Identities 8/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Parts of the Ports in Barcelona, Spain
- 9. Humans, Port Cities and the Sea – Current Challenges • Growing Population • Changing Economies • Globalization • Digitization ➔ The sea doesn't need us, but we need the sea Perspectives 9/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook
- 10. Human Needs • Places for living, recreation and leisure • Jobs, infrastructures, public services, sociability & healthy environment ➔ Urban regeneration of port cities Perspectives 10/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Harbor City, Hamburg, Germany © dpa
- 11. Fields of Change in Port Cities • Economy,Technology, Social Needs, Education,Tourism, Leisure … ➔ Cultural projects can combine these aspects ➔ Events, Galleries, Museums, Arts & Cultural Centers … Transformations 11/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Qingdao Port &Oriental Movie Metropolis
- 12. Innovative cultural institutions in port cities • Some realized examples ➔ Bremerhaven, Germany ➔ Antwerpen, Belgium ➔ Stralsund, Germany ➔ Marseille, France ➔ Ningbo, China • Under construction or planned projects ➔ Plymouth, United Kingdom ➔ Tianjin, China ➔ Hamburg, Germany Transformations 12/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook
- 13. Bremerhaven, Germany, Deutsches Auswandererhaus (German Emigration Center) • New building, opened in 2005 • Themes: History of German emigration, especially to the United States Transformations 13/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Building and Permanent Exhibition in 2008 © PhilippN & Jürgen Howaldt
- 14. Antwerpen, Belgium, Museum aan de Stroom (MAS) • New building, opened in 2011 • Themes: City History & International Port Transformations 14/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Museum aan de Stroom (MAS), Antwerpen © Zinneke View of Antwerp from the Museum aan de Stroom (MAS) © Ad Meskens
- 15. Stralsund, Germany, Ozeaneum • New building, opened in 2008 • Themes: Sea Life of the North Sea Transformations 15/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Life Size Models of Whales © Klugschnacker Ozeaneum © Stiftung Deutsches Meeresmuseum
- 16. Marseille, France, Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) • New building, opened in 2013 • Themes: European and Mediterranean Civilizations Transformations 16/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook MuCEM © MuCEM
- 17. Ningbo, China, China Port Museum • New building, opened in 2014 Transformations 17/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook VariousViews © Siyuwj & C. Jason
- 18. Plymouth, United Kingdom,The Box • New building under construction, will open in 2020 • „A symbol for the city's current regeneration and future” Transformations 18/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook The Box © Plymouth MuseumsGalleries Archives
- 19. Tianjin, China, National Maritime Museum • New building under construction, will open in 2018 Transformations 19/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Visions of the National Maritime Museum © CoxArchitecture
- 20. Hamburg, Germany, National Port Museum • Planned project Transformations 20/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Architectural Outline of the National Port Museum, Hamburg, Germany © GmpArchitekten
- 21. Hamburg, Germany, National Port Museum • Planned project Transformations 21/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Architectural Outlines of the National Port Museum, Hamburg, Germany © GmpArchitekten
- 22. Museums in Port Cities as Contemporary & Innovative Reflections of Maritime Identities • New architecture • (Re-)Presenting advanced local maritime identities • Attractive exhibitions & events • Sharpe profile ➔ Strategical branding processes ➔ Clear unique selling points / propositions (USP) ➔ Huge touristic and educational potentials Transformations 22/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook Anonymous,ViewofNaples,Italy,1473(left)& SanVincenzopierin2016(right)©SanMartino Museum&www.napolimeteo.it
- 23. Port Cities – New Cultural Dimensions • Iconic Architecture • Presentations of glocalized (local-globalized) topics on history, culture and arts ➔ Places where people want to live & come together ➔ Tourism destinations ➔ Social & economic dynamics ➔ AuthentiCITIES ➔ Sustainable development of arts & Cultural industries Transformations 23/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook TherestoredarchesoftheSanVincenzo pier(left)&anarchitecturalvisionofIsola SanVincenzo(right),Naples,Italy© TeresaColletta&RolandoDiGregorio
- 24. Living in port cities – Future development • Successful urban regeneration • Balances of nature & culture, private & public, work & life, local & global ➔ Sustainable development Outlook 24/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook City of Málaga, Spain, is clean and bright, with a pedestrian-only city center and a revamped harbor area.The city is brimming with museums, great dining, and plenty of shopping to suit all tastes and budgets © internationalliving.com
- 25. Future Development • Global Urbanization • Mega Cities ➔ Challenges & Opportunities for port cities, mainly on the sea-coasts Outlook 25/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook UrbanizationGrowth Screencast 1950-2030 ©The Economist, 2016
- 26. North Sea © Jochen Hein Thank you for your attention! 26/26 Introduction Maritime Identities Perspectives Transformations Outlook
Editor's Notes
- Distinguished colleagues, Dear guests, First of all, let me express my gratitude to be invited to this forum and to present a speech on the specific role of port cities in fields of culture and arts. It is a great honor for me to tell you something about the challenges, current opportunities and continuous development of port cities in our globalized world.
- The discussion about the impact of specific local identities on current transformation processes of port cities at sea-coasts gets more and more important in the background of growing societies and economic shifts. Art and culture projects are often good solutions in urban regeneration processes. In five chapters I am going to present some examples and current snapshots of innovative and successful projects.
- In historical view the complex relations between humans and the sea were driven by fear and approximation, discovery and use, exploring and opening, exploitation and regeneration even until today. At least global relationships of interdependences and interactions were reflected. And foundations for specific marine cultures were laid.
- As reflecting on the historical dimensions of relationships between humans and the sea we can summarize the following recognitions: First: The sea is shaping the development of our continents since ancient times; Second: The sea is a facilitator of expansionism and trade, a bridge and barrier of continents, a resource, and a focus of desire and imagination; And Third: Environmental concerns, climate-related issues, and the use or overuse of marine resources are subjects of growing public debates. It is necessary for all of us to establish and develop a future-driven marine awareness in Science, Technology, Environment, Economy and Politics. Not tomorrow, but already today.
- Port Cities are the center points of natural and cultural dynamics. Economy, trade and commerce, mobility and migration, all these aspects cause intercultural exchange, diversity and development.
- Port Cities mirror cultural relations through trade, commerce, contacts, people and religions. They build a basis for specific maritime identities and local cultures interconnected to regional cultures, cultural diversity & sharing heritage. In this orientation such cities are also innovative fields of glocalization. The term glocalization describes the adaptation of international or global products around the particularities of a local culture in which they are offered. The process allows integration of local markets into world markets. The glocal strategy approach is different from the local one mainly due to the different outlooks on the standardization and local adaptations of products and activities. Although the global strategy approach does recognize the need to localize products in the global community, local strategy stresses the importance of local adaptations in relation to the local market. Also, while global strategy emphasizes on global products, local strategy explains the balance that must exist between the standardization and local adaptation of activities and products.
- Most port cities worldwide are modern, globalized and internationalized. They act as engines of globalization and transformation. Harbors are gateways to the world, contact zones to neighboring regions and the hinterland, and often centers of politics, religions, economies, society, technologies, arts, creativity and culture. Ports mainly operate as center points of greater urban areas and continuous development. Likewise, they are symbols of cultural diversity and authenticity which effect unique selling propositions.
- Maritime identities are closely interconnected to local stories which provide global values. The ongoing struggle between humans and the sea, the balance between nature and culture, and changing challenges as well as continuous engagement reflect the perspective from the sea, innovative ways of glocalization, and combine past, present and future.
- If we are going one step further we have to recognize four big current challenges in the complex field of humans, port cities and the sea: The growing population, changing economies, the globalization and last but not least the digitization. And again it is important to know: The sea doesn't need us, but we need the sea.
- As social beings humans have social needs. Humans need places to live, for recreation and leisure. They need jobs, infrastructures, public services, sociability and healthy environment. Port cities satisfy these needs as parts of greater urban regeneration processes in recent years. If ports are triggers of economic development, maritime identities can be triggers of urban regeneration processes through civil and cultural development.
- Fields of change in port cities concern economy, technology, social needs, education, tourism, and leisure. Especially cultural projects can combine these aspects effectively. Events, Galleries, Museums, Arts & Cultural Centers increase in many port cities mainly on the sea-coasts.
- In the following slides I want to present to you innovative cultural institutions in port cities in several European countries and in China. Some projects are already realized, and are in operation, other examples are still under construction or only planned until today.
- While taking a short trip to Bremerhaven in the Northern part of Germany you must not refrain from visiting the so-called Deutsches Auswandererhaus (the German Emigration Center). An attractive permanent exhibition on the history of German emigration, especially to the United States, allures inside a 2005 completed building. Since more than one decade, the center is an important touristic destination in Bremerhaven and its surroundings. Formerly, Bremerhaven was the most important port on the European continent of emigration to America. More than 4 millions Germans and people from other European countries left their homes via the port of Bremerhaven to find new places to live and to work in the period of time from late 18th century until the mid of 20th century.
- Antwerpen in Belgium entices visitors of the port city with a futuristic building, innovative exhibitions and events of the so-called Museum aan de Stroom. Local history and the international port are the main topics presented there. While visiting the exhibitions many windows provide beautiful views of the city and the sea. Therefore also the site of the museum is of great relevance and part of the given experience.
- Another successful example of innovative ways in the field of culture is represented by the Ozeaneum in Stralsund directly situated at the harbor of the city and next to the East Sea. Opened in 2008 the new building attracts the visitors with several exhibitions on sea life and additional aspects.
- The Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (shortly so-called MuCEM) offers a couple of exhibitions and events on European and Mediterranean Civilizations since it opened to the public in 2013. Directly situated next to the Mediterranean Sea ancient and contemporary art, history and crafts are on display in many innovative contextualizations.
- Opened in 2014, the China Port Museum, directly situated on the sea-coast some kilometers eastern of Ningbo, try to reach the visitors with a spectacular building and exhibitions on port and maritime history.
- Currently under construction is the so-called institution “The Box” in Plymouth at the South-West coast of England in the UK. The Box will present attractive exhibitions and want to provide events for different visitors. According to the local government it is also “a symbol for the city's current regeneration and future”.
- The National Maritime Museum, located in the port city of Tianjin, will open soon. The new building shows an innovative architectural design. Inside and outside it offers different views on the sea, the port and the prominent architecture. Beside the China Maritime Museum in Shanghai-Pudong the museum in Tianjin will present exhibitions on maritime culture and history. When the National Maritime Museum will be opened it consists of five halls, in which each contains different exhibitions. The museum building is situated in front of a large plaza for outdoor events, marked by an observation tower also acting as the museum's energy plant.
- Currently planned is the National Port Museum in Hamburg in the Northern part of Germany, situated directly at the river Elbe, an important river and gateway to the North Sea nearby. The picture shows an early architectural sketch of the museum building.
- On this picture you can see two further sketches of the building of the planned National Port Museum in Hamburg.
- As you can imagine while looking on the previous slides new museums in port cities act as contemporary and innovative reflections of specific maritime identities. Through the combination of modern architecture, clear content profiles and authentic places they offer attractive exhibitions and events, define unique selling points and provide huge touristic and educational potentials.
- With iconic architecture, and presentations of glocalized topics on history, culture and arts on places where people want to live and come together many port cities opens new cultural dimensions. They are vivid center points of tourism destinations, promise social and economic dynamics, and authentiCITIES. Finally, such port cities lay foundations to sustainable development of arts and cultural industries.
- Worldwide many people want to live in vibrant port cities. As results of successful urban regeneration processes such cities represent ideal balances of nature and culture, private and public, work and life, local and global. Today, sustainable development means more than just a promise. And the future of attractive port cities is prepared today.
- Current processes of global urbanization and the growing number of mega cities are important reasons to establish a cultural life. Urban regeneration processes in port cities, mainly on the sea-coasts, were often started in recent years. Art and culture have an enormous share of innovation and quality of life in port cities. Cultural and creative industries are of increasing social and economic importance. They are specific expressions of the DNA of such cities. Activities in culture and arts facing challenges and opportunities today. They are also the binder for humans, the sea and marine culture. And necessary to live, wherever we are.
- Thank you for your attention!