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Human Digestive System
The digestive system breaks down food through ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. It includes key structures such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines, along with accessory organs like the liver and pancreas that aid digestion. Exercise positively affects digestion by improving blood flow, relieving stress, and regulating weight.
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Human Digestive System
- 2. Introduction The digestive systemis used to breakdown food into nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
- 3. Phases include: 1.Ingestion 2. Movement 3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Elimination(egestion) Phases of Digestion
- 4. Digestion Mechanical(physical) chew, tear,grind, mash and mix Chemical Enzymatic reactions etc.
- 5. Digestive System Organization Structures: Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum
- 6. Mouth Teeth mechanicallybreak down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva(contains amylase , which helps breakdown starch). Epiglottis: flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it.
- 7. Oesophagus Approximately 20cmlong. Functions: Secreting mucus and moving food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis.
- 8. Stomach It isJ-shaped muscular bag that stores the food and breaks it down into tiny pieces. Mixed food with gastric juices that contains enzymes to breakdown proteins and lipids. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills bacteria. Food found in the stomach is called chyme.
- 9. Small Intestine Smallintestines are roughly 7 meters long. Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. The villi are covered in microvilli which furthered increase surface are for absorption.
- 10. Nutrients fromthe food pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. Secretes digestive enzymes. Absorbs: 80% ingested water Vitamins Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
- 11. Large Intestine About1.5 meters long. Absorbs nutrients left behind by the small intestines. The end of the large intestine is the rectum(short term storage which hold feces before it is expelled).
- 12. Accessory Organs- TheGlands Not part of the path of ingested food, but play critical role in digestion. Includes: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
- 13. Functions: 1. Bacterial digestionand fermentation of carbohydrates. 2. Absorbs additional water. 3. Concentrates wastes.
- 14. Liver Directly affectsdigestion by producing bile. Bile aids in the digestion of fat. Filters out toxins and waste including drug, alcohol and poisons.
- 15. Gall Bladder Storesbile from the liver, releases it in to the small intestine. Fatty diets can cause the formation of gallstones.
- 16. Pancreas Produces digestivesenzymes to digests fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin.
- 17. Effects of Exerciseson Digestive System 1. Improve blood flow 2. Relieve stress 3. Regulate weight 4. Speed up metabolism 5. Increase breathing and heart rate
- 18. Exercises to ImproveDigestion Walking(20 to 30 minutes daily) Cycling Sit-ups Push-ups Deep Breathing Sports Yoga
- 19.