Html

HTML
( HyperText Markup
Language)
Nidhi Mishra

HTML (HyperText Markup
Language)
 HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web
pages.
 Markup languages are designed for the processing, definition
and presentation of text.
 The language specifies code for formatting, both the layout
and style, within a text file.
 The code used to specify the formatting are called tags.
HTML is a an example of a widely known and used markup
language.

Structure of HTML
<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<head>
<title>
</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Tags
Tag(in html)
Paired (have both
opening(<>) &
closing tag(/>)
Unpaired (doesn’t
have closing tag)

 Heading tag (<h1> to <h6>)
 Definition
 The <h1> to <h6> tags are used to define HTML headings.
 Attributes
 align (optional)
 Syntax & Output

 <b> tag
 Definition
 The <b> tag specifies bold text.
 <i> tag
 Definition
 The content of the <i> tag is usually displayed in italic.
 <u> tag
 Definition
 Used to underline the text.
 <center> tag
 Definition
 The <center> tag is used to center-align text.

 <p> tag
 Definition
 The <p> tag defines a paragraph.
 Browsers automatically add some space before and after each
<p> element.
 Syntax & output

 <strike> tag
 Definition
 The <strike> tag defines strike through text.
 Syntax & output

 <sub> tag
 Definition
 The <sub> tag defines subscript text. Subscript text appears
half a character below the normal line, and is sometimes
rendered in a smaller font.
 <sup> tag
 Definition
 The <sup> tag defines superscript text. Superscript text
appears half a character above the normal line, and is
sometimes rendered in a smaller font.

 <br> tag
 Definition
 The <br> tag inserts a single line break.
 This is unpaired tag.
 Syntax & output

 <hr> tag
 Definition
 The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page.
 Syntax & output

 <img> tag
 Definition
 The <img> tag defines an image in an HTML page.
 Attributes
 Src
 Align
 Height
 Width
 Alt
 Title
 Syntax & output

 <marquee> tag
 Definition
 It is used to move the text/image from one direction to
another direction.
 Attributes
 Behaviour
 Direction
 Scroll amount
 On mouseover
 On mouseout
 Syntax
 <marquee behaviour=“alternate” scroll amount=“4”
direction=“left”> </marquee>

 Graphics tag
A. Audio: used to attach audio file.
B. Video: used to attach video file.
 Attributes
 Src
 Height
 Width
 Loop
 Syntax
 <embed src=“ ” height=“ “ width=“ “ loop=“ “>
</embed>

 <a> tag
 Definition
 It is used to redirect one page to another page and known as
anchor tag.
 Attributes
 Href
 Target
 Syntax & output

 List
 Definition
 The group of items is called a list.
 The items of list are represented by <li>.
list
Ol (ordered
list)
Ul (unorderd
list)

 Ordered list
 Syntax & output

 Unordered list
 Syntax & output

 Favicon
 Definition
 An icon associated with a particular website, typically
displayed in the address bar of a browser .
 Syntax & output

 Refresh
 Definition
 Meta refresh is a method of automatically refresh the current
web page after a given time interval.
 It uses the property of meta.
 Attributes
 http-equiv=“refresh”
 content
 Syntax
 <meta http-equiv=“refresh” content=“5”/>

 Table
 Definition
 Table is used to store the data in the form of row and column.
 <tr> tag represent the row.
 <td> tag represent the column.
 Attributes
 Width
 Height
 Border
 Align

 Form
 Definition
 Form is used to submit the basic information on a server or
database.
 Form elements
 Text: it is unpaired tag.
Syntax: <input type="text" name="ab" value=""
placeholder="Enter your name" maxlength="10"/>
 Password: it is unpaired tag.
Syntax: <input type="password" name="cd" value=""
placeholder="Enter your password"/>
 Radio: it is unpaired.
Syntax: <input type="radio" name="xy" value=""/>male<input
type="radio" name="xy" value=""/>female

 Checkbox
Syntax: <input type="checkbox" name="qw[]"
value=""/>Singing
<input type="checkbox" name="qw[]" value=""/>Dancing
 File: used to upload the file.
syntax: <input type="file" name="qwe" value=""/>
 Textarea: it is paired tag.
syntax:<textarea name="asd">
</textarea>
 Button: it is unpaired.
Syntax:<input type="submit" name="qas" value="Sign Up"/>

CSS
 CSS stands for cascading style sheet.
 CSS is not a language, it is part of design.
 CSS is most often used to set the visual style of web pages.
 CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including
the design, layout and variations in display for different
devices and screen sizes.
 CSS is a heart of HTML.
 .css is the extension of CSS.

Inline CSS
 To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant
element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
 Always used in <body> tag.
 Style is used for this purpose.
 Used inside the tag and only one style is used in one tag.
 Semicolon(;) is used in style for multiple properties.
 An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a
single element.

Internal CSS
 Internal styles are defined within the <style> element, inside
the <head> section of an HTML page.

External CSS
 Each page must include a reference to the external style sheet
file inside the <link> element. The <link> element goes
inside the <head> section.

 Color
When we use the color property in the <style> tag, it
changes the color of the text.
 Background
 background-color
 background-image
 background-repeat
 background-attachment
 background-position

 Border
 Border-style
 Border-color
 Border-width
 syntax
 output



 Height
 Width
Syntax
Output

 Text
 Text-color
 Text-align syntax
 Text-decoration
 Text-transform
 Letter-spacing
 Word-spacing
 Text-indent
 Text-shadow
 Line-height
output

 Font
 Font-family
 Font-size
 Font-style
 Font-weight
Output Syntax

Padding
 The CSS padding properties define the white space
between the element content and the element
border.
 CSS has properties for specifying the padding for
each side of an element:
 padding-top
 padding-right
 padding-bottom
 padding-left

Margin
 The CSS margin properties set the size of the
white space OUTSIDE the border.
 CSS has properties for specifying the margin for
each side of an element:
 margin-top
 margin-right
 margin-bottom
 margin-left

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