scaffolding safety

1. Scaffolding
Safety
HSE TECHNICAL TRAINING
Version 1, 05-SEP-2022

2. What is Scaffolding?
• A scaffold is any
temporary, elevated work
platform and its supporting
structure used for holding
people, materials, or both.
• Scaffolding is used in new
construction, renovation,
maintenance and repairs.
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3. Scaffolding - OSHA Classification
• Supported scaffolds, which consist of one or more platforms
supported by rigid, load- bearing members, such as poles, legs,
frames, and outriggers.
• Suspended scaffolds, which are one or more platforms
suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support.
• Other scaffolds, principally manlifts, personnel hoists, and the
like. These are sometimes thought of as vehicles or
machinery, but can be regarded as another type of
supported scaffold.
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4. Parts of
Scaffolding
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5. Parts of Scaffolding
• Standards: Perpendicular tubes that transfer the weight load to
the baseplates. To increase the height of scaffolding, standards
are connected using pins and socket joints.
• Ledgers: Flat horizontal tubes that join between the standards.
Ledgers connect multiple bays. Ledgers decide the length of
the working platform.
• Transom or Bearer: Transoms are used to support standards
and they are at the right angles to the ledgers. Transoms define
the width of the working paltform
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6. Parts of Scaffolding
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7. Parts of Scaffolding
• Scaffolding Tubes: Steel or
Aluminium tubes used in
scaffolding.
• Diagonal Braces: Strengthen the
basic structure to carry more loads
– Transverse and Longitudinal
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8. Parts of Scaffolding
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9. Parts of Scaffolding
• Couplers: Fittings to hold tubes
together.
• Putlog Coupler
• Swivel Couplers
• Right Angle Couplers.
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10. Parts of Scaffolding
• Decks or planks (Boards):
Steel, Aluminium, or
wooden boards that provide
the working area.
• Adjustable Base Plates
• Sole Plate
• Guard Rails
• Mid Rails
• Toe Boards
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11. Parts of Scaffolding
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12. Parts of Scaffolding
• Putlogs: Putlogs
are transverse
members that are
placed one end on
ledgers and other
ends right angles on
the wall.
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13. Types of Scaffolding
• Single scaffolding
• Double scaffolding
• Cantilever scaffolding
• Suspended scaffolding
• Trestle scaffolding
• Steel scaffolding
• Patented scaffolding
• Kwikstage Scaffolding
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14. Single Scaffolding
• Single scaffolding
consists of standards,
ledgers, putlogs etc.,
which is parallel to the
wall at a distance of about
1.2 meters
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15. Double Scaffolding
• Two rows of scaffolding is constructed to
make it strong.
• The first row is 20 – 30 cm away from the
wall and the other one is 1m away from
the first row.
• Putlogs are placed which are supported by
the both frames.
• To make it more strong rakers and cross
braces are provided.
• This is also called as independent
scaffolding
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16. Cantilever (Needle) Scaffolding
• Standards are supported
on series of needles and
these needles are taken
out through holes in the
wall.
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17. Suspended Scaffolding
• In suspended scaffolding,
the working platform is
suspended from roofs
with the help of wire
ropes or chains etc., it
can be raised or lowered
to our required level.
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18. Trestle Scaffolding
• The working platform is
supported on movable
tripods or ladders.
• This is generally used for
work inside the room,
such as paintings, repairs
etc., up to a height of 5m.
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19. Steel Scaffolding
• Steel scaffolding is
constructed by steel
tubes which are fixed
together by steel couplers
or fittings.
• It is very easy to construct
or dismantle.
• It has greater strength
and greater durability.
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20. Patented Scaffolding
• Patented scaffoldings are
made up of steel but
these are equipped with
special couplings and
frames etc., these are
readymade scaffoldings
which are available in the
market.
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21. Kwikstage Scaffolding
• This Scaffolding is
contrived from
hardwearing galvanized
steel and is admired for
its easy installation.
• Effortless to assemble as
well as disintegrate, it is
used for both big and
small construction works.
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22. Process of Scaffolding Erection
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Scaffolding Erection
Do’s and Don’ts

23. Barrication
• Barricade the entire
work area with
barrication tape.
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24. Firm Surface
• Build the scaffolding
on a leveled solid
ground
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25. Base Plate
• Base plates must
be placed below all
standards
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26. Inspection
• Visually inspect all
scaffold elements prior to
use.
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27. Secure for Stability
• Secure scaffolds
higher than 10 m
with fixed structures
for stability
– first at 10 m &
– then at every 8 m.
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28. Ledger
• Install first ledger
at a minimum
height of 2 m.
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29. Bracing
• Bracing should be
done from all four
sides.
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30. Access and Egress
• Provide safe and convenient means of access.
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31. Ladder
• Ensure that ladder
extends to at least
3 rungs (about 1
meter) above the
platform
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32. Certified Scaffold
• Scaffolds must be certified before use.
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33. Guardrail
• Ensure that the
platform has both
top and mid
railings.
• Ensure it has a
toeboard to
prevent falling of
objects
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34. Planks
• Make sure
planks are
securely tied at
both ends.
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35. Loose Objects
• Keep tools and loose
objects in a tool box and
NOT on the deck.
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36. Pathways
• Maintain clear pathways.
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37. Safety Nets
• Use safety nets
wherever
applicable.
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38. Material Lifting
• While lifting materials
make use of rope and
pulleys.
• Do NOT carry them up
ladders to reach deck
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39. Competent Person
• Ensure
competent
supervisor is
available for
supervision at
all times.
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40. Avoid Unstable Bases
• Don’t use unstable
objects as a
scaffold base.
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41. Assembling
• Don’t try to fit
any parts
forcefully.
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42. Unsafe Access
• Don’t use braces
for climbing.
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43. Tags
• Don’t use
scaffolds
assigned with
red tags.
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44. Untagged Scaffolds
• Don’t work on
untagged scaffolds.
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45. Scaffolding Ratio Height to Width
• Don’t let height exceed 4
times base width without
tying to a fixed support.
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46. Overhead Electrical Clearance
• Scaffold should not be
closer than 4 meters to
any overhead electric
power lines.
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47. Water Bodies
• Do not erect scaffold on
wet ground or inside
water bodies.
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48. Use Appropriate Clamps
• Don’t use swivel
clamps for connecting
pipes.
• Use only rigid clamps.
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49. Improper Scaffolding
• Don’t climb
incomplete scaffolds
not fitted with
bracing.
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50. Climbing with Material
• Don’t try to carry
materials while you climb.
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51. Climbing with Harness
• Don’t start climbing
without the safety
harness.
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52. Platform/Planks
• Don’t let platform
gratings extend
more than 6"
from the end.
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53. Space Between Planks
• Don’t let the space
between platform
gratings exceed 1".
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54. Avoid Loose Tools
• Don’t clutter
platform with loose
tools.
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55. Worker Fitness
• Don’t allow medically
unfit personnel to
work at heights.
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56. Overload
• Don’t overload
platforms and
scaffoldings.
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57. Leaning on Guardrail
• Don’t lean over guard
rails.
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58. Lanyard Anchoring
• Don’t hook lanyards to
supports less than 2" wide.
• Hook them only on scaffold
pipes
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59. Thanks
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Your feedback and
comments on this
lesson will be deeply
appreciated.
Scaffolding Safety