3. 1st Decade: 0 – 10 years old
• Rapid human growth.
• Fat child becomes a fat
adult.
• Food likes and dislikes
established.
2nd Decade: 10 – 20 years
old
• Growth of appetite and
structure driven by
hormones(puberty).
3rd Decade: 20 – 30 years old
• Lifestyle changes promotes
weight gains.
• Examples: college, marriage,
living with a partner, and
parenthood.
4th Decade: 30 – 40 years
old
• Increase in stress levels
which affects eating
habits in 80% of the
population.
5th Decade: 40 – 50 years old
• Adults change their
behavior as their health
dictates.
• Symptoms of illnesses
become more visible.
6th Decade: 50 – 60 years old
• 0.5 – 1% muscle loss per
year (sarcopenia)
• Increased need for protein
consumption.
7th Decade: 60 – 70+ years old
• Older age brings poor appetite and
lack of hunger.
• Food becomes a social experience
but the loss of a partner OR family
takes the pleasure out of eating.
4. Ectomorphs:
- Need to eat minimum 6 meals a day.
- High requirement for fiber and
protein combinations.
- Weight lifting recommended for
weight gain.
Mesomorphs:
- Need for minimum 6 small
meals a day.
- High requirement for fiber and
protein combinations.
- A mixture of weight lighting and
cardiovascular exercises needed
for maintenance.
- Fruit & Vegetable is very
important to protect again Non-
communicable diseases.
Endomorphs:
- Maximum 3 ‘balanced meals per day.
- Should monitor forms of protein and carbs
consumed.
- High requirement for fruit and vegetable
consumption for weight loss.
- Cardiovascular exercises most beneficial.
Light weight or body exercises with large
repetition enhances weight loss.
-
11. Research Study – Satiety & Satisfaction
Duncan, K. H., and J. A. Bacon. "The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition."The Effects of High and Low Energy Density Diets on Satiety,
Energy Intake, and Eating Time of Obese and Nonobese Subjects. N.p., n.d.
Web. 05 Feb. 2015.
• LED: Energy density average was 0.7 kcal/g and fiber content was 7g/1000 kcal
• HED: Energy density average was 1.5 kcal/g and fiber content was 1g/1000 kcal
19. Well-directed taxes on calories, sugar, or fat might be
economically efficient ways of reducing obesity, as
might regulation of television advertising, food
labeling policies, or other nutrition education
programs. Policies that induce the food industry to
redesign foods may be more effective than policies
that rely on inducing response by consumers.
“We do not make food choices
in a vacuum. ... We may believe
that we make informed
decisions about food choice, but
we cannot do so if we are
oblivious of the ways food
companies influence our
choices.”
– Marion Nestle Ph. D, M.P.H.
Professor of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health
New York University
Alsoton, Julian M., Joanna P. MacEwan, and Abigail M. Okrant. "The Economics of
Obesity and Related Policy ." Annual Review of Resource Economics 8 (October
2016): 443-65. Web.
23. Accountability
A study published online in the Journal of Women’s Health
found that a significant number of women were unable to
recognize small weight gains – between 4.5 and 8.8pounds –
over a period of six months, and those little gains can add up
fast.
SELF MOTIVATION = ACCOUNTABILITY