This article aims to present how to make the sixth of the considered utopias come true, that of the rational use of nature's resources in the world to end its devastation. This article demonstrates that the depletion of natural resources and global warming with consequent global climate change are responsible for the devastation of nature which, in turn, contributes to the occurrence of pandemics which can threaten the survival of the human species. This article also shows how to avoid the depletion of the planet's natural resources, catastrophic global climate change and the multiplication of pandemics. An indisputable fact is that humanity already consumes more natural resources than the planet is capable of replenishing. Environmental damage is also characterized by the risk of the emergence of new pandemics as deforestation advances across the planet. We are now in a world where new pathogens will emerge. And this is what constitutes a gigantic threat to humanity. The environmental damage produced by capitalism is not only manifested in the depletion of natural resources on planet Earth and the emergence of new pandemics, but also stems from the fact that they are responsible for the rapid increase in global temperatures thanks to global warming and consequent climate change that tends to be catastrophic. It is for all this that it becomes imperative to implement the model of "sustainable development" that has become a key element in the global movement, crucial to finding viable solutions to solve the world's biggest problems, based on the thesis that a society sustainable is one that satisfies the needs of the present generation without diminishing the possibilities of future generations to meet theirs.
THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE TODAY THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MOTHER EARTH.pdfFaga1939
The document discusses the need for urgent action to address environmental degradation and climate change based on evidence from recent UN reports. It notes that humanity is losing the battle against forces exacerbating issues like resource depletion, pollution, pandemics, and global warming. The Paris Agreement's goal of limiting warming to 1.5C is still possible but will require immediate, deep emissions reductions across all sectors. Recent UN climate reports warn that the world is on a fast track to disaster if warming isn't curbed through transitioning to renewable energy and more sustainable practices.
: This article aims to show the biggest environmental problems facing humanity in the contemporary era, to demonstrate the need to replace the current development model for the sustainable development model and to specify the necessary measures to overcome the biggest environmental problems, among which includes education for sustainable development..
pursuing sustainable planetary prosperity chapter 18 US-China 2022Michael P Totten
China and the U.S. are the two largest consuming nations, their combined gross do- mestic products (GDPs) comprising one third of global GDP. The two nations consume one quarter of world natural gas and one third of world oil production, and produce nearly two thirds of world coal. The two nations are also the planet’s largest CO2 emitters, jointly releasing nearly half of the world total.
Business-as-usual scenarios are insufficient to address the acute sustainability challenges that both nations – as well as the community of nations
– are facing. However, collaboration in pursuing solutions through unprecedented statesmanship, leadership and technological advances will simultaneously provide national and global sustainability solutions.
Joint initiatives are in both of our nations’ enlightened self interest – from immediate and sustained economic and environmental gains to long-term well being and prosperity of our peoples – and will make a major, essential contribution to finding global solutions to the devastating risks facing hu- manity and the biosphere.
The document discusses various topics related to human-environment interactions including the environment, ecosystems, human impact on the environment, the Paul Ehrlich equation, and future predictions. It defines key terms, describes how humans both adapt to and change the environment, examines major causes of environmental degradation like population growth and industrialization, and predicts several environmental challenges in the future such as water scarcity, loss of cropland and fisheries, and climate change impacts. Suggestions are made for improving the human-environment relationship.
Humanity is depleting the Earth's natural resources at an unsustainable rate. The demand for resources has doubled in the last 45 years due to rising populations and standards of living. At the current rate of consumption, many important resources will be exhausted in the coming decades, including fresh water, arable land, fish, forests, and certain minerals. Without changes to reduce waste and promote sustainable development, competition and conflicts over scarce resources will likely increase, potentially leading the world toward war and social instability. International cooperation is needed to establish sustainable resource management for the benefit of all humanity.
The document discusses the urgent need for a new global deal for nature and people to address the decline in biodiversity and health of the planet. It notes that the Living Planet Index has shown a 60% decline in wildlife populations in just over 40 years, and that climate change is having effects at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels. The key drivers of biodiversity decline remain overexploitation and agriculture, though threats also include invasive species, pollution, disturbance and climate change. A new global deal is needed to transition to a carbon-neutral society and halt and reverse nature loss through green finance, clean energy and sustainable food production.
At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
We have already crossed four “planetary boundaries.” They are the extinction rate; deforestation; the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorous (used on land as fertilizer) into the ocean. Scientist shown human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
“What the science has shown is that human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
"Human security will be progressively threatened as the climate changes," the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCC) warned in its overview report. The Pentagon agrees. "Rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty and conflict,"
Scientists estimate that humans will consume twice as many resources as the planet can support by 2050. At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
Africa Will Starve and Asia Will Drown in 30 Years Due to Climate Change
People in Asia and the Pacific are four times more likely to be affected by natural disaster than in Africa and 25 times more than in Europe or North America?
Global warming could cause an 18 percent drop in world food production by 2050
15 Cities Threatened by Climate Change
The World Bank alarm bells are just the latest to sound about the havoc climate change and man-made global warming will cause to the planet.
The World Health Organization predicts that climate change will cause 250,000 additional deaths per year around the globe between 2030 and 2050, primarily from malaria, diarrhea, heat exposure and malnutrition.
Humanity in need of Climate Responsible Community, Climate Compatible Development
We must get Each baby Caring to Each particle of Food
sasrai Living for Healthy Soils that Ensure Healthy Living and Life
The facts of life are showing more and more the need for the paradigm that has guided the development of human society since the 1st Industrial Revolution in 1786 be profoundly modified. The need for there are changes in the paradigm that has guided the current development process is necessary because it is scientifically proven that it is largely responsible for compromising the environment of the entire planet. Science shows based on proven data and facts, the unsustainability of the current development model of society by the fact that it was largely responsible for the depletion of the planet's natural resources, the degradation at an accelerated pace of drinking water and the oceans and the catastrophic climate change that threaten the survival of humanity.
THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE TODAY THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MOTHER EARTH.pdfFaga1939
The document discusses the need for urgent action to address environmental degradation and climate change based on evidence from recent UN reports. It notes that humanity is losing the battle against forces exacerbating issues like resource depletion, pollution, pandemics, and global warming. The Paris Agreement's goal of limiting warming to 1.5C is still possible but will require immediate, deep emissions reductions across all sectors. Recent UN climate reports warn that the world is on a fast track to disaster if warming isn't curbed through transitioning to renewable energy and more sustainable practices.
: This article aims to show the biggest environmental problems facing humanity in the contemporary era, to demonstrate the need to replace the current development model for the sustainable development model and to specify the necessary measures to overcome the biggest environmental problems, among which includes education for sustainable development..
pursuing sustainable planetary prosperity chapter 18 US-China 2022Michael P Totten
China and the U.S. are the two largest consuming nations, their combined gross do- mestic products (GDPs) comprising one third of global GDP. The two nations consume one quarter of world natural gas and one third of world oil production, and produce nearly two thirds of world coal. The two nations are also the planet’s largest CO2 emitters, jointly releasing nearly half of the world total.
Business-as-usual scenarios are insufficient to address the acute sustainability challenges that both nations – as well as the community of nations
– are facing. However, collaboration in pursuing solutions through unprecedented statesmanship, leadership and technological advances will simultaneously provide national and global sustainability solutions.
Joint initiatives are in both of our nations’ enlightened self interest – from immediate and sustained economic and environmental gains to long-term well being and prosperity of our peoples – and will make a major, essential contribution to finding global solutions to the devastating risks facing hu- manity and the biosphere.
The document discusses various topics related to human-environment interactions including the environment, ecosystems, human impact on the environment, the Paul Ehrlich equation, and future predictions. It defines key terms, describes how humans both adapt to and change the environment, examines major causes of environmental degradation like population growth and industrialization, and predicts several environmental challenges in the future such as water scarcity, loss of cropland and fisheries, and climate change impacts. Suggestions are made for improving the human-environment relationship.
Humanity is depleting the Earth's natural resources at an unsustainable rate. The demand for resources has doubled in the last 45 years due to rising populations and standards of living. At the current rate of consumption, many important resources will be exhausted in the coming decades, including fresh water, arable land, fish, forests, and certain minerals. Without changes to reduce waste and promote sustainable development, competition and conflicts over scarce resources will likely increase, potentially leading the world toward war and social instability. International cooperation is needed to establish sustainable resource management for the benefit of all humanity.
The document discusses the urgent need for a new global deal for nature and people to address the decline in biodiversity and health of the planet. It notes that the Living Planet Index has shown a 60% decline in wildlife populations in just over 40 years, and that climate change is having effects at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels. The key drivers of biodiversity decline remain overexploitation and agriculture, though threats also include invasive species, pollution, disturbance and climate change. A new global deal is needed to transition to a carbon-neutral society and halt and reverse nature loss through green finance, clean energy and sustainable food production.
At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
We have already crossed four “planetary boundaries.” They are the extinction rate; deforestation; the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorous (used on land as fertilizer) into the ocean. Scientist shown human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
“What the science has shown is that human activities — economic growth, technology, consumption — are destabilizing the global environment,”
"Human security will be progressively threatened as the climate changes," the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCC) warned in its overview report. The Pentagon agrees. "Rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, climbing sea levels, and more extreme weather events will intensify the challenges of global instability, hunger, poverty and conflict,"
Scientists estimate that humans will consume twice as many resources as the planet can support by 2050. At the rate things are going, the Earth in the coming decades could cease to be a “safe operating space” for human beings.
Africa Will Starve and Asia Will Drown in 30 Years Due to Climate Change
People in Asia and the Pacific are four times more likely to be affected by natural disaster than in Africa and 25 times more than in Europe or North America?
Global warming could cause an 18 percent drop in world food production by 2050
15 Cities Threatened by Climate Change
The World Bank alarm bells are just the latest to sound about the havoc climate change and man-made global warming will cause to the planet.
The World Health Organization predicts that climate change will cause 250,000 additional deaths per year around the globe between 2030 and 2050, primarily from malaria, diarrhea, heat exposure and malnutrition.
Humanity in need of Climate Responsible Community, Climate Compatible Development
We must get Each baby Caring to Each particle of Food
sasrai Living for Healthy Soils that Ensure Healthy Living and Life
The facts of life are showing more and more the need for the paradigm that has guided the development of human society since the 1st Industrial Revolution in 1786 be profoundly modified. The need for there are changes in the paradigm that has guided the current development process is necessary because it is scientifically proven that it is largely responsible for compromising the environment of the entire planet. Science shows based on proven data and facts, the unsustainability of the current development model of society by the fact that it was largely responsible for the depletion of the planet's natural resources, the degradation at an accelerated pace of drinking water and the oceans and the catastrophic climate change that threaten the survival of humanity.
This document discusses environmental psychology and various environmental issues affecting the earth. It defines environmental psychology as the study of how humans interact with and affect their surrounding environment. It then covers several topics within environmental psychology, including water pollution, deforestation, man-made disasters, overpopulation, and global warming. For each topic, it provides background information on causes and effects, as well as potential solutions to address these environmental problems.
Overpopulation is negatively impacting the environment in several ways. As the population increases, more land and resources are needed to support it, leading to habitat destruction and loss of wildlife. There is also more pollution produced as population growth outpaces the planet's ability to provide clean air and water. If population continues to rise at its current rate, the demand on resources will exceed the capacity of the Earth to supply them.
This chapter discusses the damaging impact of human activities on Earth and the urgent need for sustainability and environmental protection. It notes that India's forests are being depleted at an alarming rate and mankind is the primary cause of destruction through industrial exploitation, pollution, and deforestation. The document outlines threats from climate change like greenhouse gases, droughts/floods, and diseases and warns that failure to address these issues could lead to widespread extinction of species and catastrophic environmental damage by the 21st century.
This document is a 16,469 word MSc thesis by Heather Alberro from 2015 that examines challenges posed by contemporary capitalism and explores two social movements - The Venus Project and Transition Towns Network - as responses. It provides historical context on criticisms of capitalism dating back to the 19th century and analyzes modern issues like climate change, inequality, and environmental degradation. The thesis argues that fundamental reconstruction of social organization is needed for long-term sustainability and happiness.
This document discusses several key topics in environmental science, including resource depletion, pollution, biodiversity loss, environmental ethics, and sustainability. It notes that while renewable resources can regrow within a human lifetime, nonrenewable resources like coal are finite and will eventually run out if usage is not reduced. It also explores how pollution from industry can spread globally and harm ecosystems far from the source. Developing countries often face more severe environmental problems due to lower regulations and protections. Achieving sustainability will require meeting human needs without compromising the environment for future generations on our limited planet.
This document discusses three main reasons why switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is important: 1) Continued use of fossil fuels is accelerating global warming and climate change, which will have drastic environmental and human impacts. 2) Burning fossil fuels is causing sea levels to rise due to melting ice sheets, which will negatively impact populations and food availability. 3) Climate change will disproportionately impact poorer regions and populations by threatening their access to food, water and survival. The document argues that switching to renewable energy can help slow these impacts and that global cooperation is needed to support vulnerable communities in adapting to climate change.
Environmental issues emerging from increase in populationDevansh Tiwari
More people require more resources, which means that as the population increases, the Earth’s resources deplete more rapidly. The result of this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of resources to accommodate rising population numbers
The document discusses several sustainability issues facing the world today, including population growth, increasing consumption, and ecological overshoot. It notes that the global population has grown significantly in recent decades due to lowered mortality rates, and consumption patterns especially in Western countries have put pressure on the planet's resources. The world population is currently living unsustainably, using over 20% more than what the Earth's biocapacity can regenerate each year.
This document discusses key environmental issues and conservation efforts. It provides facts on issues like access to clean water and the impacts of deforestation and climate change. It then summarizes challenges in South Africa, including high biodiversity threatened by habitat loss, water scarcity exacerbated by population growth, and an energy system reliant on coal. Conservation efforts in the country aim to protect natural resources and transition to renewable energy, but implementation of laws and policies remains a challenge. Supporting environmental sustainability through projects that enlist leadership and develop local expertise can help address issues in a sustainable way.
From "Greening" the present system to real transformation, Anders Wijkman et. alEnergy for One World
The document summarizes key points from the Earth4All report, which follows up on The Limits to Growth 50 years later. It recommends five turnarounds needed for planetary stability and human wellbeing: 1) halving greenhouse gas emissions each decade through clean energy, 2) becoming nature positive in food systems by 2030, 3) adopting new economic models, 4) reducing inequality, and 5) empowering women and investing in education. These turnarounds must be underpinned by radically transforming resource management, as resource extraction drives environmental challenges and will drastically increase without action. The world must learn to provide human wellbeing without exceeding planetary boundaries.
This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.
Introduction to Environmental Science.pptxPapuKumarNaik1
The document summarizes several key environmental issues and concepts:
1) It discusses resource depletion and pollution as major environmental problems exacerbated by human population growth and consumption. 2) Environmental ethics considers humanity's moral responsibility regarding these issues and balancing human and environmental needs. 3) While progress has been made, debates continue around balancing short-term economic interests versus long-term sustainability and planetary interests.
The document discusses several environmental issues including the biodiversity crisis, global warming, and human population growth. It describes how upwelling off the coast of Peru brings nutrients that support fish populations important to the local economy. El Nino disrupts these winds and nutrient upwelling, lowering fish catches. It also outlines how chlorofluorocarbons have depleted the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation's effects. A doubling of the human population by 2050 could further threaten biodiversity by destroying natural habitats.
This document introduces the concepts of ecological footprint and sustainable development. It explains that ecological footprint measures the amount of productive land and sea area required to support human consumption and waste absorption. Currently, humanity's footprint exceeds what the Earth can regenerate in a year, indicating unsustainable resource use. The document also discusses factors influencing ecological footprint, including population, consumption levels, land use, and resource efficiency. Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations by thinking on longer timescales than typical for businesses and politicians.
This is a power point presentation for class 11 students.this is purely for seminar or presentation based.This is to help students for ideas ,how to present and to know the earth ,love it.
Fighting+for+Our+Shared+Future+-+ELC+(Full+Page+Read)+-+Updated+12_29Brittany N. Carmon
The document is an acknowledgements and executive summary section of a report by the Earth Law Center. It thanks the individuals and organizations that contributed to the report, including Yale law students who provided research. The executive summary provides an overview of the report's key findings. It explores 100 case studies of simultaneous violations of human rights and nature's rights from around the world. It analyzes trends in these "co-violations" and provides recommendations for international bodies, states, and other actors to protect both human and nature's rights.
Boulding Award Speech to ISEE 2012 by Mathis WackemagelOlinda Services
Dr. Mathis Wackernagel accepts the Kenneth Boulding Award with gratitude, feeling humbled but also a great sense of responsibility. Humanity is in a state of global ecological overshoot, using more than 1.5 times what the planet can regenerate annually. At the same time, many people lack sufficient resources for a dignified life. Ecological Economics, inspired by thinkers like Herman Daly, is uniquely positioned to address this "double challenge" but few have heeded Daly's call to action despite the growing urgency. The award is a gift to the larger community working on sustainability issues through organizations like Global Footprint Network. In a full world with finite resources, managing our natural capital use
This article published in Global Education Magazine aims to demonstrate that sustainable development is a requirement for the survival of humanity because it faces two major threats. One of them is represented by the general crisis of the world capitalist system that tends to drive the world economy into depression. Another threat is represented by the depletion of natural resources of the planet, the uncontrolled growth of cities and the catastrophic global climate change.
COMMENT SURMONTER LES MENACES SUR LA GOUVERNABILITÉ DU GOUVERNEMENT LULA AU B...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter comment surmonter les menaces à la gouvernabilité du gouvernement Lula que représentent les difficultés à promouvoir le développement économique et social au Brésil et les actions antidémocratiques et antisociales promues par les extrémistes de droite enracinés dans le Congrès national et dans la société. La promotion du développement économique et social du Brésil a été entravée par la politique budgétaire de plafonnement des dépenses publiques imposée par le Congrès national, qui restreint les investissements publics et les politiques sociales, et par la politique monétaire de taux d'intérêt extrêmement élevés imposée par la Banque centrale, qui limite la croissance de l’économie nationale. Le gouvernement Lula est confronté aux menaces des extrémistes de droite retranchés au Congrès national en raison du fait qu'il ne dispose pas de majorité au Parlement, ce qui empêche le gouvernement fédéral de mettre en œuvre son projet national développementaliste, de répondre pleinement aux revendications sociales et d'éviter l'approbation du projets de loi rétrogrades et amendements constitutionnels rétrogrades. En d’autres termes, le gouvernement Lula n’est pas en mesure d’exercer sa gouvernabilité. Tous ces faits démontrent qu'il ne suffit pas d'élire un Président de la République engagé dans le progrès du pays pour mener à bien les changements économiques et sociaux requis. Outre l'élection d'un président progressiste, il est également nécessaire d'obtenir une majorité au Congrès national et dans les parlements étatiques et municipaux avec la création d'un large front et la mobilisation de la société civile pour élire le plus grand nombre possible de parlementaires progressistes engagés à les avancées politiques, économiques et sociales pour surmonter les obstacles qui entravent le développement du Brésil.
COMO SUPERAR AS AMEAÇAS À GOVERNABILIDADE DO GOVERNO LULA.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como superar as ameaças à governabilidade do governo Lula representadas pelas dificuldades de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil e pelas ações antidemocráticas e antissociais promovidas por extremistas de direita enquistados no Congresso Nacional e na sociedade. A promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil vem sendo dificultada pela política fiscal do teto de gastos públicos imposta pelo Congresso Nacional restritiva aos investimentos públicos e às políticas sociais e pela política monetária de juros extremamente elevados imposta pelo Banco Central restritiva ao crescimento da economia nacional. O governo Lula enfrenta ameaças de extremistas de direita enquistados no Congresso Nacional pelo fato de não ter maioria no parlamento que impede o governo federal de colocar em prática seu projeto nacional desenvolvimentista, atender as demandas sociais na plenitude e evitar a aprovação de projetos de lei retrógrados e de emendas constitucionais retrógradas. Em outras palavras, o governo Lula não está tendo condições de exercer a governabilidade. Todos estes fatos demonstram que que não basta eleger um presidente da República comprometido com o progresso do País para realizar as mudanças econômicas e sociais exigidas. Além de eleger um presidente progressista, é preciso, também, conquistar a maioria no Congresso Nacional e nos parlamentos estaduais e municipais com a constituição de uma frente ampla e com a mobilização da sociedade civil para eleger o maior número possível de parlamentares progressistas comprometidos com os avanços políticos, econômicos e sociais para superar os entraves que impedem o desenvolvimento do Brasil.
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This document discusses environmental psychology and various environmental issues affecting the earth. It defines environmental psychology as the study of how humans interact with and affect their surrounding environment. It then covers several topics within environmental psychology, including water pollution, deforestation, man-made disasters, overpopulation, and global warming. For each topic, it provides background information on causes and effects, as well as potential solutions to address these environmental problems.
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This document discusses three main reasons why switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is important: 1) Continued use of fossil fuels is accelerating global warming and climate change, which will have drastic environmental and human impacts. 2) Burning fossil fuels is causing sea levels to rise due to melting ice sheets, which will negatively impact populations and food availability. 3) Climate change will disproportionately impact poorer regions and populations by threatening their access to food, water and survival. The document argues that switching to renewable energy can help slow these impacts and that global cooperation is needed to support vulnerable communities in adapting to climate change.
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The document discusses several sustainability issues facing the world today, including population growth, increasing consumption, and ecological overshoot. It notes that the global population has grown significantly in recent decades due to lowered mortality rates, and consumption patterns especially in Western countries have put pressure on the planet's resources. The world population is currently living unsustainably, using over 20% more than what the Earth's biocapacity can regenerate each year.
This document discusses key environmental issues and conservation efforts. It provides facts on issues like access to clean water and the impacts of deforestation and climate change. It then summarizes challenges in South Africa, including high biodiversity threatened by habitat loss, water scarcity exacerbated by population growth, and an energy system reliant on coal. Conservation efforts in the country aim to protect natural resources and transition to renewable energy, but implementation of laws and policies remains a challenge. Supporting environmental sustainability through projects that enlist leadership and develop local expertise can help address issues in a sustainable way.
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This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.
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The document summarizes several key environmental issues and concepts:
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The document discusses several environmental issues including the biodiversity crisis, global warming, and human population growth. It describes how upwelling off the coast of Peru brings nutrients that support fish populations important to the local economy. El Nino disrupts these winds and nutrient upwelling, lowering fish catches. It also outlines how chlorofluorocarbons have depleted the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation's effects. A doubling of the human population by 2050 could further threaten biodiversity by destroying natural habitats.
This document introduces the concepts of ecological footprint and sustainable development. It explains that ecological footprint measures the amount of productive land and sea area required to support human consumption and waste absorption. Currently, humanity's footprint exceeds what the Earth can regenerate in a year, indicating unsustainable resource use. The document also discusses factors influencing ecological footprint, including population, consumption levels, land use, and resource efficiency. Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations by thinking on longer timescales than typical for businesses and politicians.
This is a power point presentation for class 11 students.this is purely for seminar or presentation based.This is to help students for ideas ,how to present and to know the earth ,love it.
Fighting+for+Our+Shared+Future+-+ELC+(Full+Page+Read)+-+Updated+12_29Brittany N. Carmon
The document is an acknowledgements and executive summary section of a report by the Earth Law Center. It thanks the individuals and organizations that contributed to the report, including Yale law students who provided research. The executive summary provides an overview of the report's key findings. It explores 100 case studies of simultaneous violations of human rights and nature's rights from around the world. It analyzes trends in these "co-violations" and provides recommendations for international bodies, states, and other actors to protect both human and nature's rights.
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Dr. Mathis Wackernagel accepts the Kenneth Boulding Award with gratitude, feeling humbled but also a great sense of responsibility. Humanity is in a state of global ecological overshoot, using more than 1.5 times what the planet can regenerate annually. At the same time, many people lack sufficient resources for a dignified life. Ecological Economics, inspired by thinkers like Herman Daly, is uniquely positioned to address this "double challenge" but few have heeded Daly's call to action despite the growing urgency. The award is a gift to the larger community working on sustainability issues through organizations like Global Footprint Network. In a full world with finite resources, managing our natural capital use
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Similar to HOW TO MAKE A REALITY THE UTOPIA OF THE RATIONAL USE OF NATURE'S RESOURCES IN THE WORLD.pdf (20)
COMMENT SURMONTER LES MENACES SUR LA GOUVERNABILITÉ DU GOUVERNEMENT LULA AU B...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter comment surmonter les menaces à la gouvernabilité du gouvernement Lula que représentent les difficultés à promouvoir le développement économique et social au Brésil et les actions antidémocratiques et antisociales promues par les extrémistes de droite enracinés dans le Congrès national et dans la société. La promotion du développement économique et social du Brésil a été entravée par la politique budgétaire de plafonnement des dépenses publiques imposée par le Congrès national, qui restreint les investissements publics et les politiques sociales, et par la politique monétaire de taux d'intérêt extrêmement élevés imposée par la Banque centrale, qui limite la croissance de l’économie nationale. Le gouvernement Lula est confronté aux menaces des extrémistes de droite retranchés au Congrès national en raison du fait qu'il ne dispose pas de majorité au Parlement, ce qui empêche le gouvernement fédéral de mettre en œuvre son projet national développementaliste, de répondre pleinement aux revendications sociales et d'éviter l'approbation du projets de loi rétrogrades et amendements constitutionnels rétrogrades. En d’autres termes, le gouvernement Lula n’est pas en mesure d’exercer sa gouvernabilité. Tous ces faits démontrent qu'il ne suffit pas d'élire un Président de la République engagé dans le progrès du pays pour mener à bien les changements économiques et sociaux requis. Outre l'élection d'un président progressiste, il est également nécessaire d'obtenir une majorité au Congrès national et dans les parlements étatiques et municipaux avec la création d'un large front et la mobilisation de la société civile pour élire le plus grand nombre possible de parlementaires progressistes engagés à les avancées politiques, économiques et sociales pour surmonter les obstacles qui entravent le développement du Brésil.
COMO SUPERAR AS AMEAÇAS À GOVERNABILIDADE DO GOVERNO LULA.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como superar as ameaças à governabilidade do governo Lula representadas pelas dificuldades de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil e pelas ações antidemocráticas e antissociais promovidas por extremistas de direita enquistados no Congresso Nacional e na sociedade. A promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil vem sendo dificultada pela política fiscal do teto de gastos públicos imposta pelo Congresso Nacional restritiva aos investimentos públicos e às políticas sociais e pela política monetária de juros extremamente elevados imposta pelo Banco Central restritiva ao crescimento da economia nacional. O governo Lula enfrenta ameaças de extremistas de direita enquistados no Congresso Nacional pelo fato de não ter maioria no parlamento que impede o governo federal de colocar em prática seu projeto nacional desenvolvimentista, atender as demandas sociais na plenitude e evitar a aprovação de projetos de lei retrógrados e de emendas constitucionais retrógradas. Em outras palavras, o governo Lula não está tendo condições de exercer a governabilidade. Todos estes fatos demonstram que que não basta eleger um presidente da República comprometido com o progresso do País para realizar as mudanças econômicas e sociais exigidas. Além de eleger um presidente progressista, é preciso, também, conquistar a maioria no Congresso Nacional e nos parlamentos estaduais e municipais com a constituição de uma frente ampla e com a mobilização da sociedade civil para eleger o maior número possível de parlamentares progressistas comprometidos com os avanços políticos, econômicos e sociais para superar os entraves que impedem o desenvolvimento do Brasil.
L’EFFONDREMENT DE LA MONDIALISATION CONTEMPORAINE ET L’AVENIR DE L’ÉCONOMIE M...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que la mondialisation contemporaine se dirige rapidement vers l’effondrement et à proposer de nouvelles orientations pour l’avenir de l’économie mondiale. Les signes de l'effondrement de la mondialisation économique et financière contemporaine apparaissaient déjà dès 2010 lorsque le rapport entre les exportations mondiales et le PIB mondial a chuté d'environ 12 %, un déclin jamais vu depuis les années 1970. Les signes de l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine se manifeste également par la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit mondial, la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis et la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit se maintient, le taux de profit du système capitaliste mondial tendrait vers zéro en 2037. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de profit aux États-Unis se maintient, le taux de profit aux États-Unis atteindra valeur nulle en 2043. Si la tendance à la baisse du taux de croissance du produit mondial brut se maintient, ce taux atteindra la valeur zéro en 2053. Ces estimations ont été obtenues sur la base de la méthode statistique des moindres carrés. Il est conclu que le système capitaliste mondial deviendra non viable au milieu du 21e siècle (2037, 2043 ou 2053), lorsque le processus d’accumulation du capital cessera et que les taux de profit et de croissance de l’économie mondiale atteindront une valeur nulle. Face à l’échec et à l’effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine, il est urgent de construire une nouvelle mondialisation avec un keynésianisme mondial et un gouvernement mondial pour ordonner l’économie mondiale. La politique économique keynésienne adoptée dans chaque pays et au niveau mondial et l'existence d'un gouvernement mondial sont les solutions pour faire face à l'effondrement de la mondialisation contemporaine et éliminer le chaos qui caractérise l'économie mondiale. Face à l’échec du néolibéralisme et à son incapacité à faire face à la crise mondiale du capitalisme, le keynésianisme pourrait être la solution à condition qu’il soit appliqué dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, c’est-à-dire qu’il opère dans la planification économique, et pas seulement au niveau national pour obtenir la stabilité économique et le plein emploi des facteurs dans chaque pays, mais aussi au niveau mondial pour éliminer le chaos économique mondial qui prévaut actuellement avec le néolibéralisme. Avec le keynésianisme dans chaque pays et à l’échelle mondiale, il y aurait une coordination des politiques économiques keynésiennes au niveau planétaire qui ne pourrait être réalisée qu’avec l’existence d’un gouvernement mondial.
JUSQU’À QUAND LE MASSACRE DU GOUVERNEMENT ISRAÉLIEN À GAZA CONTINUERA-T-IL.pdfFaga1939
Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays épris de paix resteront-ils passifs devant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les gouvernements des pays arabes assisteront-ils au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza sans prendre aucune mesure concrète pour mettre fin à l’action belliciste du gouvernement israélien ? Combien de temps encore les Juifs épris de paix en Israël et dans le monde continueront-ils à assister passivement au massacre israélien dans la bande de Gaza, soutenant les crimes de guerre et les crimes contre l’humanité commis par le gouvernement Netanyahu ? Il est important de noter qu’Israël ne pourra exister que s’il est accepté par les peuples vivant en Palestine et dans le monde arabe. Israël ne pourra exister que si le gouvernement Netanyahu est remplacé par un gouvernement démocratique capable de dialoguer avec les Palestiniens de la région.
ATÉ QUANDO VAI CONTINUAR O MASSACRE DO GOVERNO ISRAEELENSE EM GAZA.pdfFaga1939
Até quando os governos dos países amantes da paz assistirão passivamente os crimes de guerra e contra a humanidade praticados pelo governo de Israel? Até quando os governos dos países árabes ficarão assistindo o massacre israelense na Faixa de Gaza sem nenhuma atitude concreta para cessar a ação belicista do governo israelense? Até quando os judeus amantes da paz em Israel e no mundo continuarão assistindo passivamente o massacre israelense na Faixa de Gaza apoiando os crimes de guerra e contra a humanidade praticados pelo governo Netanyahu? É importante observar que Israel só terá condições de existir se for aceita pelos povos que vivem na Palestina e no mundo árabe. Israel só terá condições de existir se houver a substituição do governo Netanyahu por um governo democrático capaz de dialogar com os palestinos na região.
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION FROM PREHISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORARY ERA AND...Faga1939
This article aims to present how the evolution of energy consumption and production occurred from prehistoric times to current times, as well as proposing the future of energy required for the world. From prehistory until the 18th century, the use of renewable energy sources such as wood, wind and hydraulic energy predominated. From the 18th century until the contemporary era, fossil fuels predominated with coal and oil, but their use will probably come to an end from the 21st century onwards to avoid catastrophic global climate change resulting from their use by emitting greenhouse gases responsible for the global warming. With the end of the era of fossil fuels will come the era of renewable energy sources when the use of hydroelectric energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and hydrogen energy will prevail. There is no doubt that human activities on Earth cause changes in the environment in which we live. Many of these environmental impacts come from the generation, handling and use of energy using fossil fuels. The main reason for the existence of these environmental impacts lies in the fact that global consumption of primary energy from non-renewable sources (oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear) corresponds to approximately 88% of the total, with only 12% coming from renewable sources. Regardless of the various solutions that may be adopted to eliminate or mitigate the causes of the greenhouse effect, the most important action is, without a doubt, the adoption of measures that contribute to the elimination or reduction of the consumption of fossil fuels in energy production, as well as as well as for its more efficient use in transport, industry, agriculture and cities (residences and commerce), given that the use and production of energy are responsible for 57% of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. In this sense, it is essential to implement a sustainable energy system in the world. In a sustainable energy system, the global energy matrix should only rely on clean and renewable energy sources (hydroelectric, solar, wind, hydrogen, geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass), and should therefore not rely on the use fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas).
PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO DE ENERGIA DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA À ERA CONTEMPORÂNEA E SUA EVOLU...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como ocorreu a evolução do consumo e da produção de energia desde a pré-história até os tempos atuais, bem como propor o futuro da energia requerido para o mundo. Da pré-história até o século XVIII predominou o uso de fontes renováveis de energia como a madeira, o vento e a energia hidráulica. Do século XVIII até a era contemporânea, os combustíveis fósseis predominaram com o carvão e o petróleo, mas seu uso chegará ao fim provavelmente a partir do século XXI para evitar a mudança climática catastrófica global resultante de sua utilização ao emitir gases do efeito estufa responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. Com o fim da era dos combustíveis fósseis virá a era das fontes renováveis de energia quando prevalecerá a utilização da energia hidrelétrica, energia solar, energia eólica, energia das marés, energia das ondas, energia geotérmica, energia da biomassa e energia do hidrogênio. Não existem dúvidas de que as atividades humanas sobre a Terra provocam alterações no meio ambiente em que vivemos. Muitos destes impactos ambientais são provenientes da geração, manuseio e uso da energia com o uso de combustíveis fósseis. A principal razão para a existência desses impactos ambientais reside no fato de que o consumo mundial de energia primária proveniente de fontes não renováveis (petróleo, carvão, gás natural e nuclear) corresponde a aproximadamente 88% do total, cabendo apenas 12% às fontes renováveis. Independentemente das várias soluções que venham a ser adotadas para eliminar ou mitigar as causas do efeito estufa, a mais importante ação é, sem dúvidas, a adoção de medidas que contribuam para a eliminação ou redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis na produção de energia, bem como para seu uso mais eficiente nos transportes, na indústria, na agropecuária e nas cidades (residências e comércio), haja vista que o uso e a produção de energia são responsáveis por 57% dos gases de estufa emitidos pela atividade humana. Neste sentido, é imprescindível a implantação de um sistema de energia sustentável no mundo. Em um sistema de energia sustentável, a matriz energética mundial só deveria contar com fontes de energia limpa e renováveis (hidroelétrica, solar, eólica, hidrogênio, geotérmica, das marés, das ondas e biomassa), não devendo contar, portanto, com o uso dos combustíveis fósseis (petróleo, carvão e gás natural).
LA LOI DE L'ENTROPIE ET LA CONQUÊTE DE L'IMMORTALITÉ DE L'ÊTRE HUMAIN.pdfFaga1939
Cet article vise à analyser les possibilités d'atteindre l'immortalité humaine face à l'obstacle que représente la loi de l'entropie qui mesure le degré de désordre dans un système. L'entropie dans les systèmes biologiques, par exemple, s'explique lorsqu'un être vivant, lorsqu'il effectue un travail, une partie de la chaleur produite maintient son corps au chaud, mais une grande partie se dissipe dans l'environnement qui l'entoure, provoquant une grande fraction de l’énergie provenant de ses sources de combustible à transformer en chaleur. L'effet net du processus originel (diminution de l'entropie de l'être vivant) et du transfert d'énergie (augmentation de l'entropie dans l'environnement extérieur) est une augmentation générale de l'entropie de l'Univers. Tout le monde s’accorde à dire que grâce à l’entropie, le désordre de la vie se produit, les galaxies s’enfonçant dans des trous noirs, les étoiles se transformant en poussière de carbone, les moteurs de voitures et d’avions s’usant et vieillissant nous conduisant à la mort. En juin 2019, une équipe de scientifiques de l'Université technique de Munich et de l'Institut Max Planck de physique et de systèmes complexes a annoncé qu'une exception à cette règle universelle avait été trouvée dans le mystérieux monde quantique avec le phénomène de « quasi-particule » qui se produit. dans une série de cycles sans fin, les rendant en fait immortels. Ce fait continue de stimuler les discussions sur un ancien désir humain : l’immortalité du corps humain. Dans le passé, l’homme cherchait à vaincre la mort à travers les religions. À l’époque contemporaine, les gens ont commencé à croire qu’il serait possible de vaincre la mort grâce à l’utilisation de la science et de la technologie. L’année 2045 marquera le début d’une ère dans laquelle la médecine pourra offrir à l’humanité la possibilité de vivre une époque jamais vue dans l’histoire. Nous ne serons qu’à quelques pas de l’immortalité. Compte tenu de la rapidité des innovations, une personne née en 2050 aura 95 % de chances de vivre mille ans. Tous ces efforts visant à atteindre l’immortalité parviendront-ils à vaincre les forces imposées par la loi de l’entropie ? Dans quelle mesure l’immortalité des « quasi-particules » peut-elle contribuer à rendre les êtres humains immortels ? Dans quelle mesure la science et la technologie contribueront-elles à l’obtention de l’immortalité des êtres humains ?
THE LAW OF ENTROPY AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN BEING IMMORTALITY.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to analyze the possibilities of achieving human immortality in the face of the obstacle represented by the law of entropy that measures the degree of disorder in a system. Entropy in biological systems, for example, is explained when a living being, when performing work, part of the heat produced keeps its body warm, but a large part dissipates in the environment around it, causing a large fraction of the energy of its fuel sources are transformed into heat. The net effect of the original process (decrease in the entropy of the living being) and the transfer of energy (increase in entropy in the external environment) is a general increase in the entropy of the Universe. Everyone agrees that thanks to entropy, the disorder of life occurs, with galaxies sinking into black holes, stars turning into carbon dust, car and airplane engines wearing out and aging leading us to death. In June 2019, a team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Complex Systems announced that an exception to this universal rule had been found in the mysterious quantum world with the “quasi-particle” phenomenon that occurs in a series of endless cycles, making them, in fact, immortal. This fact continues to stimulate discussions about an ancient human desire: the immortality of the human body. In the past, man sought to overcome death through religions. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The year 2045 will mark the beginning of an era in which medicine will be able to offer humanity the possibility of living for a time never seen in history. We will be just a few steps away from immortality. Considering the speed of innovations, a person born in 2050 will have a 95% chance of living a thousand years. Will all this effort aimed at achieving immortality be able to overcome the forces imposed by the law of entropy? To what extent can the immortality of “quasi-particles” contribute to making human beings immortal? To what extent will science and technology contribute to the achievement of immortality for human beings?
A LEI DA ENTROPIA E A CONQUISTA DA IMORTALIDADE DO SER HUMANO.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as possibilidades de conquista da imortalidade do ser humano diante do obstáculo representado pela lei da entropia que mede o grau de desordem de um sistema. A entropia nos sistemas biológicos, por exemplo, se explica quando o ser vivo, ao realizar trabalho, parte do calor produzido conserva seu corpo aquecido, mas uma grande parte se dissipa no ambiente a seu redor, fazendo com que uma grande fração da energia de suas fontes de combustíveis seja transformada em calor. O efeito líquido do processo original (diminuição da entropia do ser vivo) e a transferência de energia (aumento de entropia no meio exterior) é um aumento geral na entropia do Universo. Todos concordam que graças à entropia, ocorre a desordem da vida, com as galáxias afundando em buracos negros, as estrelas virando poeira de carbono, motores de carros e aviões se desgastando e o envelhecimento nos encaminhando à morte. Em junho de 2019, uma equipe de cientistas da Universidade Técnica de Munique e do Instituto Max Planck de Física e Sistemas Complexos anunciou que foi encontrada uma exceção à esta regra universal no misterioso mundo quântico com o fenômeno das “quase-partículas” que ocorre numa série de ciclos intermináveis, tornando-as, de fato, imortais. O fato não deixa de estimular discussões sobre um milenar desejo humano: a imortalidade do corpo humano. No passado, o homem procurava superar a morte através das religiões. Na era contemporânea, passou-se a acreditar que seria possível vencer a morte com o uso da ciência e da tecnologia. O ano de 2045 marcará o início de uma era em que a medicina poderá oferecer à humanidade a possibilidade de viver por um tempo jamais visto na história. Estaremos a poucos passos da imortalidade. Considerando a rapidez das inovações, uma pessoa nascida em 2050 terá 95% de chance de viver mil anos. Todo este esforço voltado para a conquista da imortalidade será capaz de vencer as forças impostas pela lei da entropia? Até que ponto a imortalidade das “quase-partículas” poderá contribuir para tornar os seres humanos imortais? Até que ponto a ciência e a tecnologia contribuirão para a conquista da imortalidade dos seres humanos?
PEACE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND PALESTINE REQUIRES EXTREMISTS OUT OF POWER AND RESTR...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between Israel and Palestine. The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. It can be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other. Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist groups will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine. It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab countries. This means that there is an urgent need to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine, between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future. The time has come for humanity to promote the construction of world peace and to exercise control over its destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means of survival for the human species.
PAZ ENTRE ISRAEL E PALESTINA EXIGE EXTREMISTAS FORA DO PODER E REESTRUTURAÇÃO...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de que extremistas israelenses e palestinos sejam colocados fora do poder e haja a reestruturação da ONU para que haja paz entre Israel e Palestina. A construção da paz só poderá acontecer na região da Palestina se o povo judeu em Israel e no mundo inteiro, bem como os palestinos repelirem politicamente os extremistas que exercem o poder em seus territórios e constituírem governos que busquem a conciliação entre os povos judeu e palestino. Pode-se afirmar que só há uma solução para o conflito entre Palestina e Israel: de um lado, Israel precisa aceitar a constituição do Estado palestino, buscar uma solução justa e negociada sobre Jerusalém e sobre o destino de refugiados palestinos e acabar com os assentamentos judeus na Cisjordânia e, de outro, os palestinos precisam reconhecer o Estado de Israel porque nem palestinos nem israelenses podem impor sua vontade um ao outro. Nem os extremistas de direita que governam Israel nem os grupos extremistas palestinos terão condições de impor sua vontade pela força das armas na Palestina. É pouco provável que o conflito entre palestinos e judeus seja solucionado na atualidade porque as instituições internacionais existentes não são capazes de construir uma saída negociada para o conflito entre estes dois povos e entre Israel, o Irã e os países árabes. Isto significa dizer que urge a reestruturação do sistema internacional para solucionar o conflito entre Israel e Palestina, entre Rússia e Ucrânia e todos os conflitos internacionais que venham a ocorrer no futuro. É chegada a hora da humanidade promover a construção da paz mundial e de exercer o controle de seu destino. Para alcançar estes objetivos, urge a reestruturação da ONU visando transformá-la em um governo democrático do mundo que se constitui no único meio de sobrevivência da espécie humana.
HOW TO OVERCOME DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD WE...Faga1939
This article aims to present the causes of depression and anxiety in individuals, which are considered the evils of the century, and the solutions that would allow them to be overcome. Depression and anxiety affect more than 300 million people worldwide. In Brazil, the disorder affects around 18.6 million individuals, according to data from PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), which corresponds to 9.3% of the population.
COMO SUPERAR A DEPRESSÃO E A ANSIEDADE NA VIDA DAS PESSOAS NO MUNDO EM QUE VI...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as causas da depressão e da ansiedade nos indivíduos, que são consideradas os males do século, e as soluções que permitiriam superá-las. A depressão e a ansiedade atingem mais de 300 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o transtorno afeta cerca de 18,6 milhões de indivíduos, conforme dados da OPAS (Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde), o que corresponde a 9,3% da população.
HOW TO PLAN CITIES TO COPE WITH EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present what and how to do to promote cities planning capable of facing extreme weather events. Floods have been recurring in cities in several countries around the world, including Brazil. There is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are recurring in an increasingly catastrophic way in their effects. The floods that devastated some cities in western and southern Germany, Henan in China and London in England in 2021 and, currently, in Rio Grande do Sul demonstrate the vulnerability of highly populated areas to catastrophic floods. Water-related disasters caused worldwide losses of US$306 billion between 1980 and 2016. To cope with extreme weather events in cities, flood control must be carried out, which concerns all methods used to reduce or prevent the harmful effects of water action. Structural measures must be adopted with engineering works aimed at correcting and/or preventing problems arising from floods and non-structural measures which are those that seek to prevent and/or reduce the damage and consequences of floods, not through engineering works, but through the introduction of standards, regulations and programs that aim, for example, to regulate land use and occupation, implementation of alert systems and public awareness. The municipal government plays a fundamental role in preventing flooding, floods and floods in cities. To this end, a municipal development master plan must be drawn up that includes, among other measures, the adoption of solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks faced by the population, the systematic identification of risk areas in order to establish population settlement rules. Three bodies are essential in flood prevention actions in a municipality: 1) the municipal civil defense body; 2) the body responsible for the meteorological service responsible for reporting the climate forecast for the city and/or region; and, 3) community civil defense centers, which are people who work voluntarily in civil defense activities.
COMO PLANEJAR AS CIDADES PARA ENFRENTAR EVENTOS CLIMÁTICOS EXTREMOS.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que e como fazer para promover o planejamento das cidades capaz de enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Tem sido recorrente a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades em vários países do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos. As inundações que devastaram algumas cidades do oeste e do sul da Alemanha, Henan na China e Londres na Inglaterra em 2021 e, no momento, no Rio Grande do Sul demonstram a vulnerabilidade de áreas altamente populosas a enchentes catastróficas. Os desastres relacionados com a água causaram perdas mundiais de US$ 306 bilhões entre 1980 e 2016. Para fazer frente a eventos climáticos extremos nas cidades, é preciso que seja realizado o controle de inundações que diz respeito a todos os métodos usados para reduzir ou impedir os efeitos prejudiciais da ação das águas. Devem ser adotadas medidas estruturais com obras de engenharia visando a correção e / ou prevenção de problemas decorrentes de inundações e medidas não estruturais que são aquelas que buscam prevenir e / ou reduzir os danos e consequências das inundações, não por meio de obras de engenharia, mas pela introdução de normas, regulamentos e programas que visam, por exemplo, disciplinar o uso e ocupação do solo, implementação de sistemas de alerta e conscientização da população. A prefeitura municipal tem um papel fundamental no sentido de evitar alagamentos, enchentes e inundações nas cidades. Para tanto, deve elaborar um plano diretor de desenvolvimento municipal que contemple, entre outras medidas, a adoção de soluções para minimizar ou eliminar os riscos enfrentados pela população, a identificação sistemática de áreas de risco a fim de estabelecer regras de assentamento da população. Três órgãos são essenciais nas ações de prevenção a enchentes em um município: 1) o órgão municipal de defesa civil; 2) o órgão responsável pelo serviço de meteorologia responsável por informar a previsão do clima da cidade e/ou região; e, 3) os núcleos comunitários de defesa civil, que são pessoas que trabalham de forma voluntária nas atividades de defesa civil.
LES OBSTACLES QUI ENTRAVENT LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU BRÉSIL À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAINE ...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que le gouvernement Lula est confronté à deux défis majeurs dans ses efforts pour promouvoir le développement économique et social du Brésil. Le premier défi, d'ordre économique, est représenté par les obstacles qui existent avec la politique de plafonnement des dépenses, malgré la flexibilité offerte par le cadre budgétaire et l'existence d'une Banque centrale indépendante, qui rendent le gouvernement brésilien incapable de coordonner ses politiques monétaires et fiscales, réaliser des investissements publics dans l'expansion de l'économie et obtenir la stabilité macroéconomique et, le deuxième défi, de nature politique, est représenté par les obstacles existant au Congrès national du fait qu'il ne dispose pas de majorité au parlement, ce qui empêche le gouvernement fédéral de mettre en pratique son projet de développement national et de répondre pleinement aux exigences sociales. Pour que les forces progressistes brésiliennes puissent réélire le président Lula lors des élections présidentielles de 2026 et obtenir une majorité parlementaire au Congrès national engagé en faveur du progrès politique, économique et social, le gouvernement Lula devra réussir sur le front économique, en promouvant l'expansion du l'économie, en augmentant de manière significative en générant des emplois et des revenus, en maîtrisant l'inflation et en répondant au maximum aux revendications sociales qui profitent avant tout aux populations mal desservies du pays. Les forces progressistes du Brésil doivent s'engager, dès les élections municipales de 2024, à élire le nombre maximum de maires et de conseillers engagés dans les avancées politiques, économiques et sociales du Brésil. Telles sont les conditions pour empêcher, en 2026, les extrémistes de droite de reconquérir la présidence de la République, d’élargir leur participation aux gouvernements des États et au Congrès national et de mettre en pratique leur infâme projet antisocial et antinational.
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate that the Lula government is faced with two major challenges in its effort to promote Brazil's economic and social development. The first challenge, of an economic nature, is represented by the obstacles that exist with the spending cap policy, despite the flexibility provided by the fiscal framework and the existence of an independent Central Bank, which make the Brazilian government unable to coordinate its fiscal and monetary policies, make public investments in the expansion of the economy and obtain macroeconomic stability and, the second challenge, of a political nature, is represented by the obstacles existing in the National Congress due to the fact that it does not have a majority in parliament, which prevents the federal government from putting its national developmental project into practice and fully meet social demands. For Brazil's progressive forces to re-elect President Lula in the 2026 presidential elections and obtain a parliamentary majority in the National Congress committed to political, economic and social advances, the Lula government will have to be successful on the economic front, promoting the expansion of the economy, increasing significantly generating jobs and income, keeping inflation under control and meeting the maximum social demands that benefit, above all, the country's underserved populations. Brazil's progressive forces need to commit, starting from the 2024 municipal elections, towards to elect the maximum number of mayors and councilors committed to Brazil's political, economic and social advances. These are the conditions to prevent, in 2026, right-wing extremists from regaining the Presidency of the Republic, expanding their participation in state governments and the National Congress and putting their nefarious anti-social and anti-national project into practice.
L'ÉVOLUTION DE L'ÉDUCATION AU BRÉSIL À TRAVERS L'HISTOIRE ET LES EXIGENCES DE...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de l’éducation au Brésil à travers l’histoire et les exigences de son développement futur. De 1500 jusqu'au XIXe siècle, l'éducation brésilienne s'est concentrée exclusivement sur la formation des classes supérieures, dans le but de les préparer aux activités politico-bureaucratiques et aux professions libérales, presque toujours en charge ou sous l'influence de l'initiative religieuse privée. La relation ombilicale entre l'Église catholique et la puissance coloniale portugaise s'est maintenue au Brésil même après son indépendance en 1822 pendant la période impériale et a pris fin avec la Proclamation de la République avec le divorce officiel entre l'Église et l'État. Au niveau des politiques publiques, plusieurs tentatives de réforme éducative de la part du gouvernement central républicain ont fini par perpétuer le modèle éducatif hérité de la période coloniale. La première LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) de l’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne n’a pas brisé le binôme d’élitisme et d’exclusion qui s’était manifesté dans l’éducation brésilienne depuis la période coloniale. La LDB de 1961 a permis la cohabitation entre écoles publiques et privées. Cette situation éducative en vigueur au Brésil dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle a suscité une critique acerbe de la part de Paulo Freire. En 1982, des projets éducatifs alternatifs à l'enseignement technique imposé par la dictature militaire ont émergé, comme ce qui s'est passé à Rio de Janeiro sous le gouvernement de Leonel Brizola, qui a mis en œuvre les soi-disant CIEP (Centres intégrés d'éducation publique), qui étaient des écoles à temps plein. Mais ces expériences éducatives adoptées de manière autonome et conformément aux corrélations de forces qui s’établissaient entre les tendances pédagogiques existantes étaient destinées à être de courte durée, comme cela s’est effectivement produit. Avec la fin de la dictature militaire au Brésil, la dernière décennie du XXe siècle a été marquée par l'adoption du modèle économique néolibéral qui a porté préjudice aux politiques publiques, notamment éducatives, car il a permis la croissance du secteur privé, principalement dans le contexte de l'enseignement supérieur, tandis que dans les écoles publiques, l'enseignement est devenu encore plus inefficace, une situation qui perdure aujourd'hui. Mais aujourd'hui, l'exclusion des classes populaires a eu lieu parce que l'école publique ne garantit pas l'apprentissage effectif des connaissances essentielles requises par la société brésilienne. De ce qui précède, on peut conclure qu’il reste encore une tâche majeure à accomplir pour la société brésilienne contemporaine : la consolidation effective d’écoles publiques, laïques et de qualité pour tous. À l'époque contemporaine, il est urgent de promouvoir une révolution dans le système éducatif brésilien, ce qui est devenu nécessaire parce que les mauvaises performances du système éducatif brésilien.
THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION IN BRAZIL THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND THE REQUIREMENTS ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the evolution of education in Brazil throughout history and the requirements for its future development. From 1500 until the 19th century, Brazilian education focused exclusively on training the upper classes, with the aim of preparing them for political-bureaucratic activities and liberal professions, almost always in charge of or under the influence of private religious initiative. The umbilical relationship between the Catholic Church and the Portuguese colonial power was maintained in Brazil even after its independence in 1822 during the imperial period and came to an end with the Proclamation of the Republic when there was an official divorce between Church and State. At the level of public policies, there were several attempts at educational reform by the republican central government that ended up perpetuating the educational model inherited from the colonial period. The first LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) in the history of Brazilian education did not break the binomial of elitism and exclusion that had manifested itself in Brazilian education since the colonial period. The LDB of 1961 made it possible for public and private schools to cohabit. This educational situation in force in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century had a scathing critic in Paulo Freire. In 1982, alternative educational projects emerged to the technical education imposed by the military dictatorship, such as what occurred in Rio de Janeiro during the government of Leonel Brizola, which implemented the so-called CIEPs (Integrated Centers for Public Education), which were full-time schools. But these educational experiences adopted autonomously and in accordance with the correlations of forces that were established between existing pedagogical trends were destined to be short-lived, as in fact happened. With the end of the military dictatorship in Brazil, the last decade of the 20th century was marked by the adoption of the neoliberal economic model that harmed public policies, in particular education, as it allowed the growth of the private sector, mainly in the context of higher education, while In public schools, teaching became even more inefficient, a situation that continues today. Now, however, the exclusion of the popular classes took place because the State school does not guarantee the effective learning of the essential knowledge required by Brazilian society. From the above, it can be concluded that there is still a major task to be resolved by contemporary Brazilian society: the effective consolidation of state, public, secular and quality schools for all. In the contemporary era, there is an urgent need to promote a revolution in Brazil's education system, which has become necessary because the poor performance of Brazil's education system results, among other factors, above all from insufficient investments in Brazilian education.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systemsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
GFW Office Hours: How to Use Planet Imagery on Global Forest Watch_June 11, 2024Global Forest Watch
Earlier this year, we hosted a webinar on Deforestation Exposed: Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Investigate Forest Clearing.
If you missed this webinar or have any questions about Norway’s International Climate & Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and Planet’s high-resolution mosaics, please join our expert-led office hours for an overview of how to use Planet’s satellite imagery on GFW, including how to access and analyze the data.
HOW TO MAKE A REALITY THE UTOPIA OF THE RATIONAL USE OF NATURE'S RESOURCES IN THE WORLD.pdf
1. 1
HOW TO MAKE A REALITY THE UTOPIA OF THE RATIONAL USE OF
NATURE'S RESOURCES IN THE WORLD
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article represents the continuation of the article whose title is Como fazer com que
as utopias planetárias se realizem visando a construção de um mundo melhor (How to
make planetary utopias come true with a view to building a better world) [1]. This article
is the sixth of 12 articles that address the 12 planetary utopias that need to be realized in
order to build a better world and contribute to the achievement of happiness for human
beings, individually and collectively. This article aims to present how to make the sixth
of the utopias considered, the rational use of nature's resources in the world to end its
devastation. This article demonstrates that the depletion of natural resources and global
warming with consequent global climate change are responsible for the devastation of
nature, which, in turn, contributes to the occurrence of pandemics, which can threaten the
survival of the human species. This article also shows how to avoid the depletion of the
planet's natural resources, catastrophic global climate change and the multiplication of
pandemics.
The article Como salvar a humanidade da devastação social, econômica, ambiental e das
guerras no século XXI (How to save humanity from social, economic, environmental
devastation and wars in the 21st century) [2] reports the following:
• The environmental damage produced by capitalism is manifested in the depletion of the
Earth's natural resources, in the emergence of new pandemics and in catastrophic global
climate change. The depletion of the planet's natural resources is verified based on the
analysis of available data that point to the fact that planet Earth is already reaching its
limits in the use of its natural resources. Available data on reserves of mineral resources
point to the fact that planet Earth is already reaching its limits based on information from
the US Geological Survey, the US government agency responsible for geological
research. The depletion of mineral resources such as oil is currently the greatest potential
source of world conflict. The dispute over water between several countries is becoming a
source of wars over water resources. The planet's food production capacity is also
reaching its limits.
• Currently, more than 80% of the world's population lives in countries that use more
resources than their own ecosystems can renew. The central capitalist countries
(European Union, United States and Japan), ecological debtors, have already exhausted
their own resources and have to import them. In the Global Footprint Network survey,
the Japanese consume 7.1 times more than they have and it would take four Italys to
supply the Italians. An indisputable fact is that humanity already consumes more natural
resources than the planet is capable of replenishing. Available data on reserves of mineral
resources point to the fact that planet Earth is already reaching its limits.
• Humanity currently uses 50% of the planet's fresh water. In 40 years it will use 80%.
The use of water that is unfit for consumption is responsible for 60% of the sick people
on the planet. Half of the world's rivers are contaminated by sewage, pesticides and
industrial waste. 748 million people on the planet do not have access to clean water
sources. Only 12% of the planet's land is arable. In the last 30 years, the total arable land
affected by severe droughts due to global warming has doubled. Of the 200 fish species
of greatest commercial interest, 120 are exploited beyond sustainable levels. At this rate,
the volume of available fish will have decreased by more than 90% by 2050. It is
estimated that 40% of the area of the oceans is seriously degraded by human action. In
2. 2
the last 50 years the number of dead zones has grown 10 times. From 2050, the world's
population could exceed 10 billion people. With a population of over 10 billion people,
planet Earth may not be able to withstand such a demand for natural resources.
• An indisputable fact is that humanity already consumes more natural resources than the
planet is capable of replenishing. The current pace of consumption is a threat to
humanity's future prosperity. In the last 45 years, the demand for the planet's natural
resources has doubled, due to the rise in the standard of living in rich and emerging
countries and the increase in the world's population. Today, due to the current pace of
consumption, the demand for natural resources exceeds the Earth's replacement capacity
by 41%. If the escalation of this demand continues at the current pace, in 2050, with an
estimated planetary population of 10 billion people, it will take two Earths to satisfy it.
These facts show the depletion of natural resources on planet Earth.
• Environmental damage is also characterized by the risk of the emergence of new
pandemics as deforestation advances across the planet. There is the prospect that a
possible next pandemic could be as contagious and much more lethal than Covid-19,
which has already claimed the lives of more than 15 million people on the planet. The
emergence of a new disease is called by scientists "disease X" which is a concept of the
World Health Organization (WHO) for something unexpected or unknown that may still
appear. We are now in a world where new pathogens will emerge. This is what constitutes
a gigantic threat to humanity. A new pathogen will follow the same pattern of
transmission as others already found, passing from a wild animal to humans. If the
destruction of nature does not end, it is likely that even more deadly and destructive
diseases will hit humanity more quickly and more frequently in the future. The alert
comes from the world's leading biodiversity experts.
• The environmental damage produced by capitalism is not only manifested in the
depletion of the Earth's natural resources and the emergence of new pandemics, but also
stems from the fact that they are responsible for the rapid increase in global temperatures
thanks to the global warming that can contribute for the catastrophic global climate
change that will occur if the Earth's average temperature rise exceeds 2 ºC when humanity
would face droughts in some areas of the planet and intense rains in others compromising
food production, the submersion of islands and coastal cities due to the rise in sea levels
resulting from the melting of ice at the poles, Greenland and the mountain ranges and the
multitude of typhoons and hurricanes with devastating floods, among other problems.
The Paris Agreement seeks to avoid the rise in global average temperature well below
2°C above pre-industrial levels and make efforts to limit the rise in temperature to 1.5°C
above pre-industrial levels to reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. An issue
not addressed in the Paris Agreement (COP 21) concerns the wars that are proliferating
around the world and is largely responsible for the environmental degradation of the
planet due to its devastating effects on the environment.
The solutions to deal with the depletion of the planet's natural resources and with global
climate change are presented in the book Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo
(How to invent the future to change the world) [4] which informs the following:
• To avoid the depletion of mineral resources on planet Earth, which will mostly occur in
the middle of the 21st century, it is necessary to replace the linear economy that dominates
today, which demands a large volume of natural resources and does not recycle waste
from its production by the model circular economy that, based on reverse logistics,
recycles waste from its production activities. To avoid problems related to the supply of
3. 3
water in quantity and quality, it is essential to avoid polluting surface and underground
water resources and to enable the reuse of potable water used after proper treatment
through reverse logistics. Food production can be increased with the increase in
agricultural productivity, but at the same time, it is necessary to avoid increasing the
population of planet Earth beyond 11 billion inhabitants in order to make it compatible
with the limit in food production. As for conflicts over oil and water, they will only be
mitigated or resolved with the implementation of a world government capable of seeking
solutions that prevent the outbreak of wars between the countries involved.
• Everything suggests that our development model is reaching its limits. With the lack of
natural resources necessary for its survival, humanity tends to regress to barbarism and
cruel behavior. To avoid this catastrophic scenario, it is necessary to adopt new economic
production methods or processes that result in: 1) lower consumption of raw materials
and energy resources; 2) lower consumption of water for irrigation and supply for the
population and industries associated with the reuse of drinking water; 3) replacing fossil
fuels with renewable energy sources; and, 4) limiting the Earth's population to 11 billion
inhabitants compatible with the maximum food production capable of being obtained.
• The risk that global warming contributes to the occurrence of catastrophic climate
change requires that all of humanity adopt the precautionary principle, which has its
application based on two assumptions: 1) the possibility that human conduct causes
collective damage linked to catastrophic situations that can affect all living beings; and,
2) the uncertainty regarding the existence of the feared harm. The fact that possible
catastrophic events resulting from global warming do not pose a measurable risk would
require the adoption of precautionary measures to prevent their occurrence. It must be
noted that we are dealing with a non-measurable, potential, non-assessable risk.
• The adoption of precautionary measures reinforces the duty of prudence. It is better to
take precautions than to face the catastrophe and try to solve it after it happens. The
precautionary principle goes further than the idea of preventing a certain risk, as it seeks
to preserve the environment considering an uncertain risk. Precaution is considered when
the risk is high - so high that full scientific certainty should not be required before taking
corrective action, but should apply in those cases where any activity could result in lasting
or irreversible damage to the environment. The precautionary principle differs from the
prevention principle, which is directly related to a certain risk, known to science. The
precautionary principle should govern decisions related to tackling catastrophic climate
change.
• The world is facing the challenge of not allowing global warming to exceed two degrees
centigrade in the 21st century. To avoid a warming of the planet above 2º C, it would be
necessary to stabilize the concentrations of carbon dioxide (and equivalents) at 400 ppm
(parts per million) without which the world would face catastrophic climate change by
the end of the 21st century that can threaten the survival of humanity. To do this, world
emissions will have to be reduced below their 1990 levels.
Solutions to deal with pandemics are presented in the article Futuras pandemias e
degradação ambiental (Future pandemics and environmental degradation) [3] which
states the following:
• The facts of reality demonstrate that the health of human beings depends on the health
of the planet. It is quite clear that humanity will have to make profound changes in its
relationship with nature to prevent new pandemics from happening that threaten its very
existence. There needs to be mobilization of civil society across the planet to build a new
4. 4
world order in which there is a radical change in the concept of development as practiced
for centuries. Human beings need to live in harmony with nature, without which their
survival will be threatened. It is necessary to change the economic matrix in general
(agricultural, industrial and services) so that it starts to consider the need to preserve
nature, respect the limits of the environment and its recovery time and stop producing so
much garbage. It is necessary to immediately stop degrading and deforesting forests and
strengthen the health surveillance systems of all countries and the World Health
Organization (WHO), reduce social inequalities between and within nations, remove
subsidies that favor deforestation and offer more support for indigenous peoples to curb
deforestation.
• It is urgent to prohibit internationally the trade of species at high risk of virus
transmission and to eradicate the consumption of wild meat in the world, to create a
library of virus genetics, which will help in the mapping of places where new high risk
pathogens may arise, carry out investments of US$22 billion to US$31 billion per year
for a decade, to monitor and police the wildlife trade and prevent tropical deforestation,
and in health surveillance and biosecurity in livestock for consumption, which are
potential virus intermediaries that affect humans, mainly in areas close to forests to help
prevent future pandemics, as well as keep the world's population well informed about the
risks of new pandemics with reliable data, conceived through experience and science,
which would certainly be of great value to generate essential guidelines for their social
behavior with a view to their collaboration in the effort to prevent new pandemics. It is
preferable to prevent the occurrence of new pandemics at a low cost than to remedy them
with huge losses such as those registered with deaths and the resulting economic
stagnation. Without these actions proposed above, there will not be enough vaccines to
face the multiplicity of future pandemics.
It is for all these reasons that the implementation of the “sustainable development” model
is imperative, based on forms and processes that, when used, do not undermine the
integrity of the environment on which they depend. The book Como inventar o futuro
para mudar o mundo (How to invent the future to change the world) [4] informs that the
new society to be built would have to be sustainable from an economic, social and
environmental point of view. The concept of sustainability has become a key element in
the global movement, crucial to finding viable solutions to solve the world's biggest
problems, based on the thesis that a sustainable society is one that satisfies the needs of
the current generation without diminishing the possibilities of others future generations
to satisfy theirs.
How to build a sustainable society? The book Como inventar o futuro para mudar o
mundo (How to invent the future to change the world) [4] informs that building a
sustainable society is a task aimed at achieving the sustainable development goals
described below:
• Reduce global carbon emissions by promoting changes in the current world energy
matrix based fundamentally on fossil fuels (coal and oil), by other structured based on
renewable energy resources (hydroelectricity, biomass and solar and wind energy
sources) to avoid or minimize global warming and, consequently, the occurrence of
catastrophic changes in the Earth's climate.
• Improve energy efficiency by developing actions that lead to energy savings in the city
and in the countryside, in buildings, in agriculture, in industries and in means of transport
5. 5
in general, thus contributing to the reduction of global carbon emissions and,
consequently, of the greenhouse effect.
• Ensure that motor vehicles and equipment for domestic, agricultural and industrial use
have greater efficiency, buildings are designed aiming at maximum savings in lighting,
refrigeration and heating, agriculture and industry are modeled in order to require the
minimum of energy resources and raw materials, also contemplating the self-production
of energy with the use of residues from its production processes based on reverse logistics
and, finally, the use of new transport alternatives from bicycles to high-capacity ones
based on railroads, among other initiatives.
• Combat land, air and water pollution by reducing waste by recycling currently used and
discarded materials. From this perspective, essential materials should only be used in
production processes and in other applications only as a last resort. When used in different
applications, they must, in the first place, be reused countless times; second, they must be
recycled to form a new product; third, they must be burned to extract all the energy they
contain and, only as a last resort, must they be removed to a landfill.
• Adjusting population growth to the resources available on the planet, reducing birth
rates, especially in countries and regions with high population growth rates.
• Reduce social inequalities, contemplating the adoption of measures that contribute to
meeting the basic needs of the world's population, such as food, clothing, housing, health
services, employment and a better quality of life. For there to be sustainable development,
it is therefore necessary that all human beings have their basic needs met and that they
are given opportunities to fulfill their aspirations for a better life.
• Make sure that economic growth and the resulting wealth are shared by all, education
services make it possible to increase the levels of qualification for work and the culture
of the population, health services are effective in combating infant mortality and
contribute to an increase in the life expectancy of the population, all men and women
have decent housing and public and private investments at the necessary level that
contribute to the reduction of mass unemployment as a result of the general crisis of the
world capitalist system that is registered in the current situation and which tends to get
worse in the future.
• Adopting the sustainable development model in cities, aiming to reconcile their
economic and social factors with the environment, assuring their population the right to
urban land, housing, environmental sanitation, urban infrastructure, transport and public
services, to work and leisure, for current and future generations.
• Plan sustainable cities based on the ordering and control of land use, in order to avoid
the degradation of natural resources, with clear and comprehensive policies for sanitation,
garbage collection and treatment; water management, with collection, treatment,
economy and reuse; transport systems that favor mass transport with quality and safety;
actions that preserve and expand green areas and the use of clean and renewable energies;
finally, transparent public administration shared with organized civil society.
• At the current time when the problems of global warming can lead to planetary
catastrophe, every city must have a plan to adapt to climate change, especially those
subject to extreme events.
REFERENCES
6. 6
1. ALCOFORADO. Fernando. Como fazer com que as utopias planetárias se
realizem visando a construção de um mundo melhor. Available on the website
<https://www.academia.edu/104881861/COMO_FAZER_COM_QUE_AS_UTOPI
AS_PLANET%C3%81RIAS_SE_REALIZEM_VISANDO_A_CONSTRU%C3%8
7%C3%83O_DE_UM_MUNDO_MELHOR>.
2. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. Como salvar a humanidade da devastação social,
econômica, ambiental e das guerras no século XXI. Available on the website
<https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/como-salvar-humanidade-da-
devasta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-social-econ%C3%B4mica-
alcoforado/?originalSubdomain=pt>.
3. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. Futuras pandemias e degradação ambiental.
Available on the website <https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/futuras-pandemias-e-
degrada%C3%A7%C3%A3o-ambiental-fernando-
alcoforado/?originalSubdomain=pt>.
4. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo.
Curitiba: Editora CRV, 2019.
* Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member
of the Bahia Academy of Education, of the SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and of
IPB- Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional Development
from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering, Economy and Administration) and
consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional planning, urban planning and
energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric
power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia
Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State of Bahia, Secretary of Planning
of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC-
O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil
(Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de
doutorado. Universidade de Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização
e Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século
XX e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions
of the Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária
(Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o
progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo,
São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI
(Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o
Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como
inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as
estratégias para sua sobrevivência (Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da
tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022) and
How to protect human beings from threats to their existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis
Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova, Chișinău, 2023).